Ar 1916 01

V'chitectural
^ 1
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shed in New York

53* a Copy *3?a Ifear
Special Hollow
Steel Doors,
Jarnbs and In-
terior Trim for
and similar in-

stitutions in
which the strict-
cat sanitation is
demanded.
Wnlefor samples
and full informa-
tion.
VOL. XXXIX. No. 1
JANUARY, 1916 SERIAL NO. 208
ARCHITECTVRALWJ;
RECORD
CONTEXTS
COVER-DOORWAY TO COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, Esq.. P*.

Southampton, L. L
COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, Esq. : Walker & Gillette, Architects 1
By John Taylor Boyd, Jr.
PASTORIUS PARK, PHILADELPHIA, AND ITS RESIDENTIAL

DEVELOPMENT - 24
By Harold D. Eberlein
PORTFOLIO OF CURRENT ARCHITECTURE 40
COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN CONNECTICUT. Part V. Text and

Measured Drawings by Wesley Sherwood Bessell - - - 53
THE AMERICAN HOSPITAL DEVELOPMENT. Part II . 65

By Edward F. Stevens
PERSONAL REMINISCENCES OF CHARLES FOLLEN McKIM. Part III.
McKim and the White House - 84

By Glenn Brown
THE ARCHITECT'S LIBRARY: Books on Colonial Architecture. Part II.
Secular Buildings (Continued) - - - 89

By Richard F. Bach
NOTES AND COMMENTS ,

> 94
Editor: MICHAEL A. MIKKELSEN. Contributing Editor : HERBERT CROLY

Advertising Manager : AUSTIN L. BLACK
Yearly Subscription United States $3.00 Entered May 22. 1902. as Second Copyright 1916 by The Architectural
Foreign $4.00 Single Copies 35 cents Class Matter, at New York, N. Y. Record Company All Rights Reserved
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY
THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY
115-119 WEST FORTIETH STREET, NEW YORK
T. W. DODGE. President F. T. MILLER, Secretary and Treasurer
ENTRANCE HALL AND STAIRS-COUNTRY
HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON,
L. I. WALKER & GILLETTE, ARCHITECTS.
THE
AKCHITECTVRAL
B.ECOKD
VOLVME XXXIX NVMBER I
JANVARY, 1916
THE COVNT.IUr HOVSE

OF H.H. ROGERS, E5&
WALKER, tf GILLETTE ARCHITECTS
Y
B JOHN TAYLOR BOYD, Jf
amongrecent creations of Amer- that, unlike mere words, it cannot be very

architecture will excite more
FEW ican
interest than this latest work of
well ignored.
Southampton, an old American town,
Walker and Gillette, the house of Mr. with nearly three centuries of his-
H. H. Rogers, at Southampton, Long tory, along towards the eastern
lies
Island. This deserves our notice, because end of the island, about a mile from the
not only is it a perfectly wrought design sea, where the country is flat and rather
of unusual merit in itself, but it brings sandy. The landscape of the district is
to the front certain fundamental princi- one of dark wind-swept heaths and white
ples of mass and color at the root of the dunes along the ocean, changing inland
Tiighest art. Howis it that architects oc- to a neighborhood of level farms. Be-
casionally allow themselves to be so ab- cause of these attractions and its soft sea-
sorbed in the technique of form that they climate, which permits out-door life
grow indifferent to the needs of color and through the greater part of the year,
of mass? In this respect, Messrs. Walker Southampton has become well-known as
and Gillette have been of great service, a place of country residences.
in repeating the warning that tech- Only a few of these houses Iront di-
nique is a means, not an end a warning, rectly on the ocean, and one of them is
-moreover, which they have emphasized in the Rogers house. What a rare picture
such definite terms of three dimensions it presented when I saw it last autumn in
THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD.
the soft October sunshine! Perched get the injunction to "show the archi-
astride the dune, its roofs of a mellow tecture clearly" and turn himself loose in
deep claret red and walls of rich ochre his picture-making. The house is a suc-
gray, spotted with blue gray shutters, it cession of combinations in masses, shapes,
stood out boldly against the blue sky. colors and textures, with but little regard
Along the crest of the dune the dark green for architectural machinery. In fact,
beach grass tossed in the wind above the right here is the chief secret of Messrs.
white sands, where the blue waves broke Walker and Gillette's success in the Rog-
into glittering mist scarcely fifty yards ers house. The architect may well be
away from the house. The whole scene, thankful when painters or photographers
house, gardens and sunlight, seemed al- find in his achievements opportunities
most Italian, and the incessant wind re- for the brush or the camera, for these art-
minded me of the gale in the oak trees of ists will not be deceived by any correct-
the Villa Farnese on the mountain top ness of architectural technique, or by elab-
above Caprarola. oration of design rather will they seek
;
It was by thus braving the exposed sit- to eliminate or to suppress all details and
uation that the owner attained a char- aim for whatever fundamental design may
acter and effect hardly to be acquired in be discovered in the architect's work.
the more placid neighborhood of South- This is one of the chief necessities in
ampton village. I have said that the dunes architecture today to maintain the paint-
form a rampart astride which is the er's point of view, the painter's sense of
house. This placing of the dwelling brings the dramatic.
the first floor on a level with the top The free treatment of Mr. Rogers'
of the sloping beach, and allows the base- house characterizes the plan as well. The
ment floor to be above ground on the scheme is symmetrical, but not obtrusive-
north, at the garden level. Through this ly so, and the architecture is not forced
arrangement, the kitchen, laundry, etc., of upon the beholder. As you progress
the service wing, situated in the basement, through the house from the main en-
obtain plenty of cheerful light and air. trance, you are aware of axes, but not of
To protect the planting from the never- balanced symmetry. Besides, the most
ceasing winds, high stucco terra cotta symmetrical front of the house, the ocean
walls surround the gardens and traverse front, is the one least seen. What im-
them at intervals, sub-dividing them into presses one is the bold treatment of sym-
a series of courts. Around the outside metrical balance, the big striking con-
walls, a screen of tree masses will still trasts large openings and small ones,
;
further shelter the shrubs and flowers, broad wall surfaces of fine texture re-
besides furnishing them with a back- lieved by bits of decoration in the shape
ground. One is struck with the unusual of sculptured ornament, iron grilles, fur-
distinction of these high stucco walls, and niture and hangings, emphasizing and en-
wonders why they are not used oftener, riching the design, preventing baldness.
for besides providing a background, the This bold, honest treatment in mass and
shadows of the foliage play on the wall color, this skilled sense of form and re-
surfaces with a fine sparkle of light and finement, this discard of conventional
shade in the brilliant illumination of our formulae and of ostentation, this infor-
summer sun. Such frequent use of walls mality the good sense and sentiment and
adds a sense of comfort and protection, gaiety of it all are not these the quali-
for through them the gardens acquire an ties most precious to Americans? Such
intimate, cozy, sequestered air the charm an effect of simplicity and informality
of old cloisters, of old religious enclos- with a dramatic effect could we have
ures. Yet there is nothing imitative about anything better in architecture?
all this, since the
protecting walls are a The numerous drawings reproduced in
necessity of the wind-driven site. these pages illustrate admirably the prin-
The place provides a whole series of ciples of design outlined above. It will
pictures, one after the other. It brought be seen that they represent little more
joy to the photographer, who could for- than plain walls and door and window
HOUSE, WALLS AND STABLES-VIEW PRESENTED IN APPROACHING THE COUNTRY PLACE

OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
Walker & Gillette, Architects.
HOUSE AND FLOWER-GARDEN-COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.

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FLOOR PLANS COUNTRY HOUSE OF

H. H. ROGERS,
ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON,
WEST (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION, COMPARE PHOTOGRAPH ON PAGE FIVE-COUNTRY HOUSE OF

H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
openings. In this regard they will remind sance ones. Its contrast of plain wall sur-
the readers of The Architectural Record faces with sparkling bits of detail, its
of the simple drawings of McKim, Mead virility and dramatic effects are distinctly
and White for the Harvard Club plunge Spanish. But if this house were side by
published in the November issue. To side with any villa in Italy, it would re-
a certain type of client, who loves dis- veal more differences than appear at first
play, they would be extremely disappoint- glance its American qualities would be
ing, and on paper they would make but a brought out. For one thing, there are the
sorry showing against a more conven- more generous window openings, the
tional design of pilasters, cornices and lower story heights of the Rogers house,
ornament, elaborately drawn and tricked besides its greater air of comfort and hos-
out. But as executed, as built, how infin- pitality, its atmosphere of an American
itely superior they are!
They prove the home. Indeed, why may not Americans
more ostentatious effects to be but idle seek inspiration in the Middle Ages?
glitter, mere soap-bubbles of architecture !
Just as the Renaissance Italians turned to
'Tis the old, old conflict between paper classic antiquity, so do moderns discover
architecture and real architecture, a con- in themselves a real sympathy for the
flict which harasses both architect and picturesqueness and the romance of me-
client. Fortunately, the more discern- dieval times.
ing part of the public today is willing to How consistently the Rogers house
accept a simple drawing from an archi- embodies these principles ! With the co-
tect, and to stand by him loyally in carry- operation of architect and client, bits of
ing it out in construction. sculpture, fragments of decoration and
Of course, Walker and Gillette have color, columns, fireplaces, etc., have been
not deserted tradition in the Rogers carefully selected and given a right place
house. It provides reminiscences of very in the design. This is as true of the long
early Renaissance Italy, with many me- expanse of garden walls as of the house
dieval touches and some high Renais- itself. The gardens teem with odd bits
10 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD.
of interest, likewise all the interior dec-

orations furniture, hangings, art ob-
jects have been chosen and built into

the scheme of architecture to become an
integral part of it, just enough to com-
plete each room and nothing more.
The r
result is a really impressive collection
of art objects. One is reminded some-
what of Mrs. John L. Gardiner's Fenway
house, in Boston, and also of the Davan-
zati palace in Florence, the opening of
which to the public caused such a stir sev-
eral years ago.
Let us consider the details. Approach- 1
ing the house, the first impression is of
the long west wall and the stable at one
end, and the house at the other a view
of the whole estate. As we turn into
the entrance court on the south, we no-
tice a long pool with white marble curb
in the foreground, beyond it the fine en-
trance doorway. This doorway is the
main feature in an unsymmetrical ele-
vation. The door itself is a heavy pan-
eled, medieval-looking thing, as are all

the doors in the first story of the house.
(Incidentally, those who are interested in
the technical side of the profession may
care to refer to the files of The Architec-
tural Record for April, 1914, containing
a special article on the work of Walker
and Gillette, and see how closely two ex-
cellent preliminary sketches have been
followed out in the photographs of the
completed work. These are the garden
elevation of the house, illustrated as a
head-piece on the first page of the article,
and the pen-and-ink sketch on page 297,
of this entrance court, on the west of the
house.) Entering from the court, we find
ourselves in a lower hall paved with tile,
with walls of tinted plaster, somewhat
the color of sandstone and spanned with
an undecorated groin-vaulted ceiling. Off
this entrance hall open two dressing suites
for visitors, finished in tints of faded old
rose. Unusual indeed is the main stair-
way of brick treads and risers, topped
with an extremely simple iron rail.
At the head of the stairs in the main
floor rs an attractive little den, decorated
with an oak beamed ceiling, bookcases at
one end, and a small fireplace of tall, I
whimsical design at the other. Here is a

noteworthy feature of this little room : it
THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD. 11
DETAIL OF RECEPTION ROOM CEILING COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ.

SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
EAST ELEVATION OF DINING ROOM COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ.,

SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
DETAIL OF TERRACE ON MAIN AXIS OF GARDEN-
COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTH-
AMPTON, L. I. WALKER & GILLETTE, ARCHITECTS.
INTERIOR OF ENTRANCE HALL-COUNTRY
HOUSE OF ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON,
H. H.
-K
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p"
13
ri*
fa
OW
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VISTA ALONG MAIN AXIS OF GARDENS SHOWING POOL AT CROSS-AXISCOUNTRY HOUSE

OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
GARDEN DETAIL COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. L

FIGURE IN POOL AT THE CROSSING OF THE GARDEN
AXES-COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTH-
AMPTON, L. I. WALKER & GILLETTE, ARCHITECTS.
has not a bit of trim in it. The floor is As part of the main floor layout are
laid with small hexagonal red tiles, with the two loggias, opening off the main
a tile base at the walls some 6 inches rooms south and north, which are more
high, and above this base is a band of yel- traditional than most of the Rogers house.
lowish gray about 20 inches high. In- The south loggia overlooking the sea
stead of using wooden architraves, the has a red tile floor and elliptical vaulted
panelbacks of the doors and windows are ceiling with penetrations, painted a light
splayed back in the thickness of the walls, clear blue. This blue field is relieved by
and painted gray with a gray edging the narrowest of white vault ribs and
around the opening. All the rest of the medallions showing the signs of the Zo-
walls, except this gray base and the gray diac. Delightful indeed is the north log-
strip around the doors and windows, are gia, overlooking the garden, to the left
a deep rich blue. In fact blue, of one of the main axis, the walls of which are
shade or another, is the color one notices covered with some remarkable frescoes.
most in the house, which has indeed a In the bedroom floor it is not surpris-
great variety of color. The dimensions ing to find a slight change of character.
of this room are 21 feet by 14 feet 8 Heavy oak tables and chairs would be
inches, with clear ceiling height of 14 something of a nuisance in bedrooms,
feet 4 inches. and there is provided instead simple,
Also at the head of the stairs do we graceful modern furniture, painted in the
find the large reception room, the win- lightest of tones. The rooms themselves
dows of which look south on the sea and show a surprisingly simple, uniform
north over the main axis of the garden. treatment; delicate trims, a slight "pic-
There is a long oak table down the centre ture" mould, painted blue from which
of the room, and at the opposite end a pictures do not hang and a 6 inch cove
large old stone hooded fireplace, brought above the picture mould at the ceiling, of
from Italy. The floor is of oak. Unus- which the clear height is 9 feet. The usual
ually effective, the ceiling of this drawing mantelpiece treatment is missing; instead
room is paneled in squares, three across the small fireplaces are merely openings
theroom and five the length of it, of oak in the face of the plaster wall, edged with
and plaster, very dark, picked out in deep vitrified figured tile, and built with a
colors. The hangings and furniture cov- raised cement hearth and a little shelf
erings are of a soft clear blue of medium supported on four brackets above the
value, with faint gold threads running opening. The door and window trims are
through the material. The wall s are
:
detailed with a flat band, which is tinted

plaster tinted somewhat the color of sand- a rich blue or else decorated in a flower
stone. The dining room has much the pattern, to harmonize with the painted
same treatment as the reception room furniture. All the rest of the trim is a
plaster walls, oak ceilings, marble fire- strong gray and the plaster walls are
place and oak floors. The dimensions of painted in extremely light tones. Alto-
the reception room are 44 feet 4 inches by gether, it would be impossible to exagger-
29 feet 3 inches, with clear height of 14 ate the good taste of these bedrooms.
feet 2 inches of the dining room, 29
: In such a design of large plane sur-
feet 4 inches by 24 feet, height 14 feet. faces, careful treatment of texture is
These are the principal rooms and well absolutely a necessity. The tile, ironwork
do they typify the spirit of the whole de- and woodwork of the house and gardens
sign. In them the architecture is sub- are all selected to this end. Inside, the
dued to make a background for the furni- plaster walls have a texture somewhat re-
ture and hangings without any competi- sembling that of painted burlap or the
tion between the two. It is a principle very roughest water color paper. As for
that is coming more and more into mod- the outside, to equal the tile roofs, one
ern art, thoueh it is as old as anything must visit Segovia or Salamanca in
we know. What a sense of rest these Northern Spain, where perhaps the finest
rooms give us What harmony of color
! roof tiles in the world are found and it
;
and of form !No spottiness, no osten- is interesting to learn that the archi-
tation, no surfeit anywhere. tects have even gone so far as to soften

FOUNTAIN IN THE LOGGIA WHICH CLOSES THE
CROSS-AXIS OF THE GARDENS ON THE WEST-
COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMP-
TON, L. L WALKER & GILLETTE, ARCHITECTS.
the lines of the roof by making them lightful flower gardens of intricate geo-
slightly uneven, as if they had become metrical paths, in delicate scale, where
wavy through age. The photographs give a multitude of dainty, reed-like Gothic
some idea of the effective finish of the columns about 6 feet high are outlined
stucco walls, and, as a further example admirably against the foliage and flowers.
of this careful attention to detail, the In contrast to the other two long vistas,
ironwork has been hand wrought by Bel- the third parallel axis, opposite the ser-
gian workmen. vice wing, is cut up into three cozy little
A slight notice of the gardens com- square enclosures beyond the service court
pletes the description of the Rogers from which they are separated. First is
house. The design was supervised by the a little grass court called the croquet gar-
architects, and the planting is the work of den next, at the cross-axis, an exquisite
;
Mr. Gallagher of the Olmstead Brothers' garden of roses and cedars; and further
firm of landscape architects, of Brook- on, a children's garden with a quaint play-
line, Mass. I have mentioned the situation house in it.
on level ground to the north of the house, All this work, house and gardens, is
and the big stucco walls that surround and conceived in the spirit of true architec-
intersect the planting. There are really ture. The practical needs are completely
three long parallel axes that lead down fulfilled, and are expressed in terms of
from the house, divided by these high en- mass, shapes, colors, and textures, in the
closures. The main axis, on the recep- most perfect way. Fortunately the day
tion room of the house, shows an ex- of architecture copied from books and
panse of greensward, with a large pool "examples" is passing, and we are glad
in the centre of the nearest court, mark- to hail a work so free, so sure, and so
ing the cross-axis. The west parallel splendidly dramatic. There is nothing so
axis runs from a gate in the entrance difficult as to be dramatic, without ever
court, and follows through a series of de- being theatrical.
MIDDLE AND LOWER GARDEN-GROUP OF THREE
RELATED HOUSES ON WILLOW GROVE AVENUE.
ROBERT RODES McGOODWIN, ARCHITECT.
AND ITS RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
creation of Pastorius Park, St. independently but concurrently upon the

THE Martins, Philadelphia, along with
the erection of adjacent dwellings,
plans of surrounding dwellings in such a
manner that there may be sufficient archi-
affords a threefold opportunity for profit- tectural unity, when all the buildings are
able study, highly significant from the as- completed, to ensure the ultimate agree-
pect of city planning in connection with able aspect of the park environment.
coherent residential development. The While each architect enjoys considerable
scheme of development supplies, in the liberty in the choice of expression, so that
first place, an admirable instance of a his individuality of interpretation is not
comprehensive plan to eliminate an ugly curtailed, it is so arranged, through ami-
suburban slum and make what has been, cable collaboration, that there shall be in
until recently, an unprepossessing tract the final ensemble neither jarring incon-
of untilled farm land into an engaging sistencies nor disappointing incongruities.
garden spot, eventually to be incorporated How the plan for the park came into
in the chain of the city park system, whose being, and how the scheme was evolved
upkeep is under the charge of the park to have all the neighboring houses de-
commissioners. Conditions of local to- signed to compose a coherent architec-
pography have marked this tract for the tural ensemble, is a story not without
intersection of two important thorough- an interest of its own. Besides showing
fares, bound, before long, to be main how a large and far-reaching result can
arteries of a constant flow of inter-sub- often come about from the determination
urban traffic and the provisions adopted to embody in tangible form the passing
were studied with a provident view to fu- chance inspiration of a moment, it outlines
ture requirements as well as present de- the steps by which a practical realization
siderata. was arrived at and affords an insight into
In the second place, the plan of Pas- conditions necessary to a clear under-
torius Park and the adjacent houses standing of the development. The idea
shows a well considered scheme of erect- for the park was born in London. Sev-
ing on the land abutting upon the edges eral years ago, the gentleman to whose
of the park a suitable and original envi- energetic initiative, public-spirit and far-
ronment of dwellings. The scheme sightedness the inception and vigorous
adopted, and already partly realized, in- prosecution of the scheme are wholly due.
corporates certain features that have not chanced to be stopping at the Hyde Park
hitherto figured, so far as we are aware, Hotel in Knightsbridge and, looking out
in any previous American building devel- over the park, set with its refreshing
opment of a similar nature. Finally, the greenery in the midst of the surrounding
Pastorius Park development gives an op- city, was seized with the idea of carrying
portunity to see three architects working out at St. Martins, Philadelphia, the prm-
26 THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD,
PLAN OF PASTORIUS PARK AND HOUSES ON LAND ADJACENT.*
ciple of a dwelling-surrounded park as an encroachment and was idly producing a

important constructive measure of city luxuriant crop of weeds and brambles.
beautification. Conditions were ripe for Part of it was considerably lower than
the furtherance of such a project, al- the grade which the city survey required
though there were several very material for several streets that were about to be
obstacles to be overcome before it could cut through, so that the arrival of trains
be brought to a successful issue. The of dump wagons was imminent.
tract of land that logically suggested But there were considerations that in-
itself for conversion into a small park vited the creation of a small park at this
was bound eventually to be built upon in point. Hartwell Lane traversed it from
the natural course of the city's growth east to west just about the middle and
unless some plan was immediately adopt- Hartwell Lane, when certain pending im-
ed to reserve it as a breathing space. provements were carried out, was bound
Fortunately there were buildings upon to become the main artery of communi-
only a small part of it, arid they were cation between Chestnut Hill and the
of such a character that their preserva- Whitemarsh Valley region, on the one
tioa would have been a detriment to the hand, and Bryn Mawr, Haverford, Me-
neighborhood. The rest of thVland rion, Radnor, and all the numerous chain
the tract comprised within the limits of
*The plan of the
park is all three
that adopted by
Pastorius Park is altogether about thir- architects. The
location of houses in this diagram
teen and a half acres had ceased to be is the suggestion of Mr. McGoodwin, individually.
Substantial changes have been made by Mr. Duhring
used for farm purposes because of city and Mr. Gilchrist in the grouping of their houses.
DIVERTED BROOK PASTORIUS PARK.

H. L. Duhring, Jr., Architect.
SPRINGHOUSE AND POOI^PASTORIUS PARK.

H. L. Duhring, Jr., Architect.
A
'r .
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--'' l^^r y^'
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NORTH AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS AND GROUND FLOOR

PLAN-MIDDLE HOUSE OF RELATED GROUP ON WILLOW
GROVE AVENUE. ROBERT RODES McGOODWIN, ARCHITECT.
COMMON COURTYARD-GROUP OF THREE RELATED HOUSES ON WILLOW GROVE AVENUE.

Robert Rodes McGoodwin, Architect.
FROM LOWER OR SUNKEN GARDEN-GROUP OF THREE RELATED HOUSES ON WILLOW

GROVE AVENUE.
GROUP OF HOUSES NEAR PARK CREFELDT STREET, ST. MARTINS.

of residential settlements along the main to be cleared of obstructions, the trees

line of the Pennsylvania Railroad in the were to be saved and the springhouse was
old Welsh Barony tract, on the other. to be repaired and made the centre of a
The Lincoln Drive, a boulevard which ex- pleasing water feature. Lincoln Drive
tended from Fairmount Park towards was to be given a better and more rea-
Chestnut Hill, was to cut through part sonable course that would bring its ter-
of the tract and come to a dead end at a minus to the Germantown Road nearly
street nearby a blundering, ill-planned opposite the point where another great
and meaningless termination for an im- highway, the Bethlehem Pike, branches
portant boulevard. According to the con- off, so that a continuous boulevard,
tour map of the land, much of it was stretching for miles into the Whitemarsh
below the prescribed grade, but, as an Valley and beyond, would be assured.
offset to this, the conformation made a The intersection of Hartwell Lane and
gently sloping amphitheatre, there were the Lincoln Drive was to be made in
some fine old trees, a good brook and a the centre of the proposed park.
spacious old springhouse all of them The chief obstacles to be overcome be-
destined to go if the city grade plans, fore this scheme could be adopted con-
as they then stood, were to be carried out. sisted of inducing the various city au-
The constructive plan evolved, in re- thorities to consent to the revision of the
sponse to the considerations just noted, plans for Lincoln Drive, although the
contemplated preserving the natural fea- new plan was far more logical and better
tures as they then existed and turning served the purposes of traffic; the aban-
them to the best account. The amphi- donment of certain grade provisions, and,
theatre-like contour of the land was to finally, the appropriation of the neces-
be retained, the course of the brook was sarv funds to condemn and remove two
>
JyL .*.....-, -
HOUSE AT CREFELDT STREET AND WILLOW GROVE AVENUE-ADJACENT TO PASTORIUS PARK.

Edmund B. Gilchrist, Architect.
rows of small houses one of them little mentioned who had conceived the whole
better than a slum, and thoroughly un- scheme. The actual work of construc-
sightly and undesirable that had been tion was then ready to be entered upon.
built about twenty or twenty-five years It was designed that the residential
ago on the lines of two then proposed development adjoining the park should
streets. These undesirable dwellings and consist of houses of moderate size and
their yards occupied in all about two moderate cost or rental. Notwithstand-
acres. ing this requirement, it was determined
All difficulties, however, were sur- that they should be of sterling architec-
mounted. Sundry objections that had tural merit. This was quite as much of
been raised were withdrawn. The modi- a sine qua non as the first consideration.
fication in the course of the Lincoln Drive In the experience gained through other
and its extension for a slight additional houses erected in the vicinity within the
distance were approved, consent was se- past decade, it had been thoroughly
cured to retain the natural contour of proved that nouses of this character were
the land and funds were appropriated to constantly in demand, while the houses
condemn and remove the existing small that had been built in the manner em-
houses and to make
the necessary expen- ployed by the ordinary speculative builder
ditures for street building in the case went a-begging. Tenants or purchasers, as
of the Drive and Hartwell Lane. The the case might be, demanded dwellings
appropriation of the requisite remaining possessed of some individuality and ar-
acreage for the park was a comparatively chitectural worth and were not satisfied
simple matter, as the land was all in the with the jerry-built rows or semi-detached
possession of two owners who were structures all patterned after the same
heartily in sympathy with the project, banal plan. They had shown an unmis-
one of them being the gentleman already takable preference for the better planned
^s
ELEVATION AND GROUND FLOOR PLAN CONTIGUOUS GROUP ABOUT QUADRANGLE, WILLOW
GROVE AVENUE.
houses designed with some consideration jacent to Pastorius Park architecturally

for architectural amenity, even when they worth while was fully justified by sound
had to pay somewhat more for them. A business considerations and was not a
notable case in point was to be seen in chimerical project of merely idealistic
the quadruple houses, designed by Messrs. origin.
Duhring, Okie and Ziegler, de-
fully Besides Herman Louis Duhring, Jr.,
scribed in The Architectural Record of of Messrs. Duhring, Okie and Ziegler,
July, 1913. At that time, these houses two other architects, Edmund B. Gil-
rented for forty dollars a month, they christ and Robert Rodes McGoodwin, had
were all occupied, and there was a wait- previously designed a number of houses
ing list of eager applicants. At the same in the neighborhood for the sponsor of
time there was, less than a block distant, Pastorius Park and the building develop-
and in a thoroughly desirable neighbor- ment of the ground adjacent to its bor-
hood, a row of houses of the usual specu- ders. These three architects were chosen
lative builder's operation type, renting to develop a scheme for the treatment of
for thirty dollars a month, only two of the park itself and to plot the location of
which were occupied. The determina- houses to be built around it. They were
tion, therefore, to make the houses in the also to design the houses, each architect
residential development of the tract ad- taking different groups to develop accord-
HOUSE ON CREFELDT STREET, ST. MARTINS-NEAR PASTORIUS PARK.

ing to his conception. The houses, there- conference and the weighing of all ques-
fore, do not represent collaboration fur- tions of expediency. The constructive
ther than an adherence to a general and work so far achieved in the park, out-
somewhat elastic outline of requirements, side of the road building now under way,
sufficient to ensure an harmonious result is the reclamation of the springhouse, of
in the aggregate. Ample scope was thus which, with its adjoining sunken pool and
given for individual initiative and origin- the entering brook, there are several ac-
ality in the treatment of the several companying illustrations. Mr. Duhring
groups. was especially interested in saving the
The first thing to settle was the laying springhouse and the trees near by, all
out of the park. Hartwell Lane crossed of which would have been swept away
it in a straight line in the middle. Lin- had the city's original grade plan been
coln Drive entered the lower end at a adhered to, while the brook would have
diagonal, crossed Hartwell Lane in the been buried in a sewer. The springhouse
middle, curved slightly in the upper por- needed but little repair, a slight diversion
tion as it skirted the foot of a rise, and was made in the course of the brook, and
passed out at practically the same angle at a trfling expense for digging a pool
at which it had entered. Aplan for the and laying up dry retaining walls of na-
park and the location of the proposed tive stone an enlivening water feature of
houses on the adjacent land had been sub- permanent value was secured. It was a
mitted by a prominent firm of landscape simple matter to grasp opportunities of-
architects, but it was perfunctory and fered ready at hand and make the most
lacking in character and was set aside of them, as was done in this case, but too-
as entirely inadequate to the situation. often such opportunities provided by na-
Each of the three architects, already ture are wholly ignored or brushed aside
named, then prepared plans and the to make way for some preconceived
scheme finally adopted represents the scheme that oftentimes has not nearly the
work of all three, arrived at by frequent same merit as the unspoiled natural con-
cog
ELEVATIONS OF PROPOSED HOUSES-PASTORIUS PARK DEVELOPMENT.

Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, Architects.
ditions. Mention is therefore due the surely not too much to hope for such co-
commendable wisdom displayed in keep- operation when, in return, it is possible
ing and improving a good thing already for each tenant to enjoy a freer, better
on the spot, although it might not ac- and larger expanse of garden than if each
cord with the plan for a formal, and too dwelling were pent up in its own small
often dull, park area. plot with the usual "shinny-on-your-own
The groups of houses, in connection side" aspect conveyed by too many en-
with the residential development of the closures about suburban houses. This
park, already finished, under actual con- communal grouping of houses about a
struction or planned to be started in the central garden plot is frankly an experi-
immediate future, present features that ment, but it is, apparently, an important
are unusual and, for that reason, deserv- move in the right direction and ought to
ing of special study. In the group of three work out satisfactorily, if we may judge
houses, at the junction of Willow Grove by the results of similar planning in Eng-
Avenue and the Lincoln Drive, the archi- land. It seems not unreasonable to ex-
tect has taken advantage of the slope of pect that well-bred American citizens
the ground to create an interesting ar- should be neither more disposed to con-
rangement of three levels in the form of tentiousness nor more incapable of
a sunken garden, a middle terrace, on neighborly co-operation than our British
which stand the two forward houses, and cousins.
an upper terrace, on which is the house Quite apart from all aesthetic consid-
farthest removed from the street. The erations and questions of suitable garden
retaining walls that separate, the steps care and supervision, the group is well
and the random paving of the garden contrived. Privacy is assured in the gar-
walks are all made of the same den in a manner altogether impossible
native grey Chestnut Hill stone as is used where houses are planned with "fronts"
in the quarry-faced rubble walls of the and "backs," whose characteristics could
houses. The accompanying illustrations by no chance be mistaken or confused.
and the plan on page twenty-six (which The "front" garden is obtrusively a front
has been somewhat changed in actual exe- garden and everything that goes on in it
is patently on exhibition for the public
cution), will fully make clear the manner
in which the three separate dwellings are eye unless there happens to be a high pro-
built around three sides of an open quad- tecting hedge, which is all too rarely the
rangle or courtyard, the middle level with case. In the group under present con-
its random paved walks and central pool siderationthe foolish distinctions of
forming a common lawn expanse for all "front" and "back" have happily been
three. Indeed, the whole garden area on eliminated. Each house is set quite at the
all three levels belongs to all the houses edge of the property, abutting upon either
in -common and constitutes one of the a street or a driveway, thus permitting
most admirable features of this group easy ingress and egress without trench-
arrangement. The satisfactory upkeep, ing upon the privacy of the common gar-
of course, implies a reasonable degree of den. At the same time, this method of
neighborly co-operation on the part of the placing reserves the greatest possible
occupants of all three Houses, but it is amount of space for legitimate garden
s\
GROUND PLAN HOUSES AT LINCOLN DRIVE AND WILLOW GROVE AVENUE.

Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, Architects.
purposes and none of it is frittered away christ, now in course of erection. The
in meaningless and picayune "front elevations and plans are shown
first floor
yards" which are neither beautiful nor on pages thirty-one to thirty-five. The
practical. An examination of the floor houses are six in number and they
plans will show that, in every case, hall- are all adjoining. But they are not in a
ways, kitchens, pantries and the like have stupid straight row, and by this departure
been put on the entrance side, while the from customary usage, Mr. Gilchrist has
pleasantest rooms in which the members struck an entirely new note in the Amer-
of the family chiefly live are placed on the ican practice of designing small con-
garden side and so arranged that they tiguous dwellings. It is this very fact
have the most cheerful exposure and most and the fact of the groupings planned by
agreeable outlook. The service yards Mr. Duhring and Mr. McGoodwin for
and clothes-drying enclosures are well the houses they have built or are building
masked behind stone walls so that their that make it highly desirable to study the
presence is not at all conspicuous. The Pastorius Park residential development
houses themselves, of a composite Anglo- now, in its unfinished state, instead of
Flemish type, are decidedly interesting in waiting till it is all done and ready to be
mass and detail and their plan also is de- discussed from an architecturally critical
serving of attention, but on this particular point of view. Mr. Gilchrist's houses are
occasion the arrangement and treatment just above ground; some of Mr. Duh-
by groups is more significant and more ring's and Mr. McGoodwin's show
germane to the purpose in hand. scarcely more than the cellar excavations
Just beyond Lincoln Drive, and on the and all three have still other groups
same side of Willow Grove Avenue, is a planned for locations where ground has
group of houses, designed by Mr. Gil- not yet been broken. Everyone of the sin-
body's a bit dull and uninteresting too.

Now the architects who planned these
suburban or rustic plots of elysian bliss
may not have been inspired to do other-
wise with their general scheme, or they
may have been hindered by restrictive
building laws or hampered by narrow and
unsympathetic views on the part of the
financial factor. At any rate, the three
architects represented in the residential
development of the land adjoining Pas-
torius Park have done something entirely
new, for which they deserve full acknowl-
edgment. It is not a small thing thai: they
have collaborated so successfully to se-
cure ultimate unity of result while each,
at the same time, has maintained his own
individuality, but the chief thing is the
revolutionary and vital element they have
introduced, by their system of closely re-
lated groups and contiguous massing
about three sides of a quadrangle, each
group or mass considered as a unit in the
general scheme, which is bound to have
GROUND FLOOR PLAN-HOUSES IN PASTORIUS its effect upon future
developments of
PARK DEVELOPMENT. suburban building. The sponsor of Pas-
Duhring, Okie & Ziegler, Architects. torius Park also must be thanked for a
has abundant archi- ready and supporting sympathy with the
gle houses or groups
tectural interest a glance at the sketches, plans evolved. The contiguous massing
of dwellings about three sides of a quad-
elevations and halftones will show this
which will come for discussion in due
up rangle and the grouping of separate
of houses about a common garden have pre-
time, but for present study our point
chief concern is with the manner in which
cedents in English work, but the inspira-
tion drawn thence has been modified and
the problem of an extensive residential
development has been approached and the judiciously adapted to local needs. This
scheme of grouping adopted. adaptation and the novelty of the prin-
In other large developments, either un- ciple in American practice, pregnant as it
is with suggestive ideas
der the control of a single interest or else susceptible of
fostered by allied interests so that some future application in sundry beneficial
general constructive and harmonious plan ways, constitutes an ample justification

could be followed, there have been single for considering the work before it
reaches completion.
houses, twin houses, apartment houses
and various other types of abode, all de- To return once more to a particular in-
cently arranged with trim gardens and spection of Mr. Gilchrist's group on Wil-
so disposed as to put the best foot for- low Grove Avenue, the dimensions and
ward and keep the too often slatternly floor plans should be carefully noted.
side of the back door life concealed from Each of the two houses forming the far
public gaze, but thev have all toed the side of the quadrangle has a frontage of
mark of cut and dried convention and about forty feet. When we consider, how-
fronted at intervals, regular or irregular, ever, that the depth, exclusive of the kit-
upon roads straight or winding. The ef- chen extension, is only seventeen feet, and
fect has been not altogether unlike that oi reckon up the floor space in square feet,
the so-called model English villages where we must account them as houses of very
"everybody's good and everybody's hap- moderate size. Hitherto suburban houses
py," and, one might add, where every- of a like floor space have almost invaria-
bly been built in twin blocks and have Duhring's plans were not available for
rarely presented an attractive appearartce publication in this article. From those
either inside or out. City houses of the given, however, it may be seen that they
like square foot area would have been are of decided interest. While Mr. Gil-
jammed in a solid row with uncompro- christ is using brick for the group on Wil-
misingly ugly exteriors and ill-planned, low Grove Avenue, Mr. Duhring is stick-
ill-lighted interiors. An examination of ing to the native Chestnut Hill stone for
the plan of the Willow Grove Avenue quarry-faced rubble walls. These walls
group will show that several important are laid without pointing, so that the full-
and highly desirable features have all est possible relief of shadow will mellow
been achieved at the same time. The their aspect. The general type is that of
rooms are of comfortable dimensions, the gabled Cotswold cottage and the roofs
they are well lighted and the windows will be of graduated slate instead of
are so placed that it is easy to arrange stone tiles which, under the circum-
furniture, the plan is convenient and liv- stances, it would not be practicable to use.
able, the objectionable service exposure All exterior woodwork is of oak, abso-
has been minimized almost to the point lutely without finish of any kind, and for
of elimination without impairing inter- the interior work, where any departure
ior efficiency and the whole scheme has is made from white paint which so many
been invested with an interest not usual tenants seem eager to have, unfinished
in dwellings of similar size, especially oak will be used and allowed to take its
where there are more than two or three finish from time and the action of the at-
of them. In this case each house has a mosphere unaided by other agency.
distinct individuality, the treatment in a Pastorius Park and its residential de-
contiguous mass gives an opportunity rich velopment, apart from the intrinsic archi-
in possibilities of interesting contour and tectural and civic embellishment interest
use of materials and the utmost extent attaching to such an undertaking, supplies
of ground for garden and lawn is food for thought in many quarters; but
achieved. Communication between the especially in the matter of uninspired
quadrangle and the outer side of the mass commercial building, particularly the
is gained by arched passageways, a very building of dwellings in suburban "opera-
unobjectionable development of the old- tions," it prompts the query whether the
fashioned covered city alley. The slop- speculative builder and financier may not
ing grade of Willow Grove Avenue has learn from it a lesson whose fruits will be
been followed by descending terraces. to their pecuniary advantage and the
It is matter for regret that more of Mr. gratification of public taste.
IMMIHMEBB w
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OCEAN ENTRANCE, NEW MONMOUTH HOTEL.
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FLOOR PLANS NEW MONMOUTH

HOTEL, SPRING LAKE, N. J.
WATSON & HUCKEL, ARCHITECTS.
GRAND SALON, IN LOUIS XVI STYLE NEW MONMOUTH HOTEL, SPRING LAKE, N. J.
Watson & Huckel, Architects.
ROTUNDA AND GRAND SALON, FROM OFFICE CORRIDOR-NEW MONMOUTH HOTEL,

SPRING LAKE, N. J.
Watson & Huckel, Architect!.
DETAII^BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, HAVANA,
CUBA. ARTHUR LOBO, ARCHITECT.
D'OENCH & YOST, ASSOCIATE ARCHITECTS.
BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, HAVANA, CUBA.
ARTHUR LOBO, ARCHITECT. D'OENCH
& YOST, ASSOCIATE ARCHITECTS
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HALL-RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ.
SUN ROOM-RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ.

LIVING ROOM RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ., AMHERST ESTATES,

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Mann & Cook, Architects.
DINING ROOM-RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ., AMHERST ESTATES,

BUFFALO, N. Y.
Mann & Cook, Architects.
Text and ^Measured Drawings
'Wesley <herwood Bessell
PART V.
blinds, as we have already cases; in others they are just as they

add much to the charm of came from the rough, varying from a
DOOR seen,
many Colonial houses. They give three-inch up to an eight-inch exposure.
color and, when closed in summer, sug- In some houses where boat nails were
gest coolness within. There is something used the heads are left exposed, and the
of quaintness and homeliness about these paint over them has added greatly to the
simple blinds on a door that is peculiar attractiveness of it all.
to them, with their carefully studied de- The wood, quoining, or keyboards at
tailing, whether they be solid or slatted. corners, has not been used of late years ;
In construction the blinds are numerous if carefully studied and adapted, more
and varied, but in the majority of cases of the old atmosphere is procured. This
the stiles and rails are narrow, with a wood quoining is built up separately and
small beadlike moulding as a frame for fastened to the sheathing, a corner board
the slats. The window blinds on the at first being run flush with the sheath-
church at Simsbury are not uncommon, ing, and of a fair width. The quoinings
yet seldom do we see blinds split as these vary in size, and should be of a thickness
are; and just this has emphasized the that will stand the weather. How many
atmosphere we are after. The solid ones know that a great deal of the trim is
were paneled with sunk, raised, or flush flush with the clapboards on the outside
panels. and with the plaster on the inside, that
Colonial hardware also is varied and dormers at the jamb are only the thick-
interesting. There are two firms in Bos- ness of construction, in some cases but
ton manufacturing hardware from old five inches, and that in a brick arch there
models and forms, and true reproductions is usually a single line of headers?
of the old hardware can be obtained. All of the above are points of quality
Unfortunately, most of the hardware on seldom found in reproductions, and these,
the market is over-elaborate, fussy together with other details obtained by
and lacks character. The old thumb close study, are not given the thought
latches, the H
hinges, the long wrought they should receive.
iron hinges, and the small oval knobs, the The knockers shown in our line draw-
rim locks and knob latches are all found ings, are unique in that there are few of
on these old Connecticut houses. The this kind in Colonial work, especially the
thumb latch was usually set high on the two Essex knockers, which were brought
door, giving it a pleasing appearance the
;
over by Capt. Hayden from England.
foot scraper, which was carefully de- The leaded glass fanlights and side
signed, the iron railing, with each bal- lights shown in the detail drawing give
uster set into the masonry separately, some idea of the old Connecticut prac-
and the wrought iron lamps were consci- tice in the early days. That on the
entiously studied for effect as part of the Deming house, which was lately discov-
exterior. ered to be pewter, has been for years cov-
The clapboards are still another point. ered with black paint. Upon the re-
Today they are usually spaced all alike, moval of this paint the pewter was found
and what a monotony Not so on the
! to be tinted in very beautiful colors, the
old house they may be as near to a size
;
urns in gold, the straight arms in blue, the
as it was possible to get them in some leaves in a grey white, and the center
piece, crown of King George III,

the berland Inn, built in 1767 by a man named
was gold and blue.
in Many of the Robbins, shows a rather interesting
eagles or setting suns were painted in newel post composed of four balusters
gold leaf upon the glass itself. Innum- set under one cap and upon one base.
erable cornices of elaborate design greet This stair has a high rise and narrow
one in certain sections, while other sec- tread, and an open string with paneled
tions have nothing but the plainest of jib leads up to a platform from which
cornices. there is a short run to the second floor.
Another bit of quaintness still in exist- In the stair of the old house at Essex,
ence is the sign of the Blackhorse Tav- the balusters and newels are plain square
ern at Saybrook Point. Certainly there pieces of wood, the balusters set on an
can be nothing more picturesque than angle with the face of the rib. The rise
these old tavern signs. The black paint is nine inches and trie tread eight and one-
on the Blackhorse Tavern sign is very half inches, a very startling condition one
DETAIL OF-
HANDRAIL-
well preserved, and must have been de- might say, but in reality the stair is easy
cidedly strong, as white paint is
the to ascend and very quaint and homelike.
almost all off. This tavern was on the The saw-cut open string, although in
water edge, and used when travel reality hand work, is typical of Colonial
was principally by water. The sign hung stairways, the pattern varying greatly.
over the doorway, and is an excellent The stairway in the Talmadge mse, t
.
example of Colonial sign boards. at Litchfield, has a rise of eight and a

And, last of all, mention must be made half inches by a ten-inch tread, a very
of the old bow bay shop windows, of dignified stair; and the wall side is pan-
which a fine example may be seen at eled with a wainscot thirty-one inches in
Litchfield. It is to be hoped that we height on a line with the nosing. The bal-
may witness the return of such artistic usters on this stair are exactly the same
little windows as those used by our fore- as those of the old Wolcott house in the
fathers which are still unimproved upon. same town. The saw-cut ends here are*
-Let us now enter our Colonial home of a pattern different from that in the
and consider what was done inside to Essex house, and the nosing of the tread
conform to the simplicity of the exterior. is delicate and exceptional ; the hand rail
As we enter, we naturally turn to the is made of mahogany.
stair and stair hall. The hall containing the stairway i
c
The stairwav in the old Duke of Cum- sometimes a mere vestibule with the
FOOT5CCAP[2;
L ITCH FIELD
DETAIL 0\ f>EA55 LATCH -I|J1CH FIELD
BBA55-DOOB-KNOCKf2rUTCHFIELD
BOA2.D OF THE
W-I-ÛTTEC.- &L AC K H R5 E TAVt BN.- 5AYBEOOK .
HOLD'AST-LJTCHflfl
BliA55-PfTT]COAT QD
E3CLJTION-
WMTOOUE MA55 DOOR .
E35EX
5TABKEY-HOU3E-E5MX
X:A M e t D
i
c Da ,w N DY v; 5 &r ^: L L M
/. DLCOTT HOUSE:
L_ I T C H r 1 =r L. D C T.
running across the front, as in the Essex ugly projection generally given today,
house sometimes large halls run through
;
the early mantels are set practically flush
the house with stairways running in the with the plaster wall, making them ap-
same direction, as in the Talmadge pear to be part of the construction. The
house. Then again we have the circular frieze on the Hayden mantel is curved,
stair and stair hall, as in the Taylor house which is not an uncommon treatment in
at New Milford. Colonial work. The shelf of most
After leaving thehall one may enter mantels is set at a height of about five
the parlor or front room; and here feet to five feet six inches from the floor
usually one's attention is attracted to a level.
well-proportioned mantel and open fire- The mantel in the Thomas Starkey
place. The mantels are delicately house and the one in the Pratt homestead
moulded as a rule, and sometimes con- are types interesting in both detail and
tain very interesting carved bits of orna-
proportion.
The Starkey mantel with
mentation, such as the mantel in the its channeled pilasters is painted a pump-
Butler house at Litchfield. This mantel kin colored brown, and the mantel in the
is one of the best of our Colonial pieces, Pratt homestead is white, with an inter-
and worthy of close study. Here the esting rope moulding and a peculiar
dentils are cylindrical in form, with a channeled member to the base of the
coved filler. The column is a one-half pilaster.
column with a very peculiar cap. The A curious old mantel, coarse and
whole is painted white and set into the heavy, yet which might be adapted and 4
wall,having only a slight projection. refined, is that in the "Doctor's house"

The mantel in the dining room of the at Essex all hand work and
; rather
Hayden house at Essex is a noteworthy roughly done, it presents a possibility.
bitof refinement, especially in the mould- In good hands, a design similar to this
ings. A
great deal of quality is ob- one could be made very pleasing.
tained if we follow the old manner of Frequently we come upon a room with
setting these mantels. Instead of the the fireplace end entirely paneled and
the mantel or fireplace opening worked contained a painting upon its surface. The
into it. This is the treatment in the old closet door in this room with its curved
Hotchkiss house, at Saybrook, the tap head is of interest, and
the parlor
room in the Talmadge house, at Litchfield, room a carved stone
fireplace contains
and the Hayden house, at Essex. These lintel which is unusual. Although there
paneled ends are generally painted white, are a few others similar to it in the State,
but in some cases they are painted to imi- this one is exceptionally well done. The
tate a grained wood; and if carefully china closet is typical, but there are a
done, the results are very pleasing, espe- great many varieties of this type.
cially if the papers on the adjoining walls A most interesting part of the study
are well thought out. of Colonial architecture is that per-
The paneled end of the tap room in taining to the wonderful old kit-
the Talmadge house is set in the corner, chen fireplaces and mantels. Their
on the angle, and that of the Hayden plainness give them a charm far above
house is flat but set up to the corner. anything else in the house; huge single
The curved fireplace head and paneling stones for a hearth and three large single
above in the Hayden house are different stones constitute the facing; around this
from the general run, as is also the pil- are placed the mantels of large plain sur-
aster treatment with a base and pedestal faces capped by a well moulded shelf
cap, unlike any as yet published. The such as the one in the Capt. Asubel
rosette in the cap of the pilaster has a Arnold house, Essex, and the Butler
slight sinkage, and the bracket E has a house, Litchfield.
small projection. This room is very in- As I have said before, the trim in gen-
teresting in its detail. eral is placed flush with the plaster; and
Under this same category are the two this holds true in regard to the baseboard,
rooms in the Duke of Cumberland Inn, wood cornices, window stool, etc.
at Rocky Hill. The old north room has Aninteresting group of doors are
a panel over its fireplace made of one those in the old kitchen of the Butler
piece of solid wood, which at one time house, the center door opening onto the
DETAIL* MtJNTIN.
ATYPICAL
**
WINDOW
HAYDEN-HOU5E
LbiEX
EXTCG.IOI2 ELEVATION irmeic c

ELEV/YT 'M
50W-5AY5HOD SfCTION -
DETAILS Of 3TA1K NOSING

DALU3TEW 5 HAND KAIL
INTHITALMADGl HOUSE.
LITCHFiriD, CONN.
5CAL.E linf f t 1 f
MfA5U ECO C^DHAWN DV W5 &C!>5fLL
DfTAIL Or
6ALU5TTR-.
PANCLTO MANTTL IN HAY DtN

AT
DINING 00 M-
-JL MANTteL,TH MAS-5TAB.KY.
1
DCTAIL AID
g
- ft. -t- -7*'

-
.a- of-
f, PRjOWrt ftY
K1TCHTN FlBFPLACr bUTLtB HOUSF.
AT L-TT C H r CLD, CONN.
I
i
rear stairway here the trim is shown as

;
America One can but dream of the evolu-
!
it was generally put up, flush with the tion which our architecture might have
plaster. followed. Think of Colonial America,
The interiors of our old houses show with its endless possibilities developed
a simplicity of good taste corresponding along Colonial and Georgian lines. Towns
to a plain, straightforward exterior. all harmonizing one with trie other,
yet
Thought along the same lines should be each an individual and interesting unit.
given to the furnishing of such a room ; New England with her English interpre-
the vast majority of interiors today are tation, New Jersey and Pennsylvania
improperly furnished, and greatly over- with the Dutch influences, Maryland and
furnished there is no chance given the
; the South with their own dignified adapta-
wall surface to play its most important tion. Instead we have the Victorian,
part. A
mad jumble of furniture, unsym- Queen Elizabeth and carpenter architec-
metrical one piece with the other, and ture, followed by the present day mad
none of it in harmony with the room scramble of every architect and client try-
itself, make our interiors a sorry ing to outdo his neighbor, each in a dif-
mess. ferent type, with the great majority poor-
What an opportunity has been lost to ly interpreted.
>:
DETAIL OF MANT IN BUI EB MOU^T AT LITCMF L.D.COMN

AMERICAN HOSPITAL
DEVELOPMENT
EDWARD F
PART II.
Bridgeport Hospital is one of having a serving kitchen, toilet room, and

THE those referred to where modern
additions have been made to exist-
isolation room.
The operating suite (Fig. 42), also a
ing buildings in an effort to make a well- new addition, is planned and equipped
balanced and complete institution. with reference to best light, ventilation,
The maternity and children's pavilion, and hygienic conditions.
finished during the present season, has In planning the St. Luke's Hospital,
some features rather unique for an the prevailing idea of some of the best
American hospital. The ward unit European hospitals was brought into play
adopted in the public ward
one which
is that is, the use of the low, isolated
the writer found very successfully used pavilions, grouping these around the serv-
in the Rigs Hospital (Fig. 31) at Copen- ice buildings.
hagen. This ward unit in the Bridgeport While this institution is only partially
Hospital (Fig. 32) differs from the or- complete, the general block plan (Fig.
dinary sixteen-bed ward of the majority 43) will indicate the general scheme in
of hospitals in this respect instead of the architect's mind. These buildings
the beds being arranged in two rows of are connected by open-air corridors. The
eight each, they are arranged in four service for food and for the transporta-
groups of four each, with permanent tion of patients from building to build-
screens between the groups (Fig. 36). ing passes through these open-air cor-
Upon these screens are placed the nurses' ridors or across the grounds.
call system, the bedside lights, and any The isolation pavilions are, perhaps,
other necessary permanent fixtures. In the most interesting features of the group,
the children's ward, the screens are made there being one building for white pa-
of plate glass (Fig. 37), affording ab- tients (Fig. 48) and one for colored.
solute supervision of the ward. The plan is an adaptation of that of the
The day-room, or play-room, is in- Pasteur Institute of Paris, and avoids
troduced into this hospital as a necessary all the cumbersome and elaborate ar-
adjunct to the children's ward. rangements of the old school. All classes
The department is so arranged
isolation of contagious cases (with the exception
that it can be used for either children's of smallpox) are treated in one building,
or maternity cases. all acute cases being in single rooms and
On the second floor of the maternity the convalescents in small wards. The
pavilion (Fig. 33) are situated the de- rooms are cubicals, with glass partitions
livery rooms, sterilizing room, doctors' for ease of observation, each cubical
waiting room, etc., the major part of the being complete in itself. Each case is
floor being devoted to private rooms. treated as a separate entity. The success
The third floor (Fig. 34) is devoted of the plan depends largely upon the cor-
entirely to an outdoor or roof ward. Pro- rect technique, the so-called "aseptic
vision, however, is made in the equip- nursing."
ment for the care of patients here The problem of providing a small hos-
throughout the twenty-four hours by pital in the small municipality is quite as
complex as and sometimes more difficult equipped private-patient pavilion for this
than that of providing the larger insti- institution.
tution; for the thirty to fifty-bed hospital The general plan (Fig. 55) shows the
must be planned with provision for the location in connection with the existing
care of the same cases that the two-hun- hospital. Again it has been necessary to
dred to five-hundred-bed hospital must plan with precipitous grades, and the ap-
have. proach to this pavilion from the main
Still impossible, except in rare
it is hospital is over a bridge from the second
cases, provide for the more com-
to story of the present building; thence
plex departments where research work through the tunnel into the mountain;
can be done. The smaller municipality thence, by means of elevators and stair-
then must be content with equipment suf- cases, to the various floors of the new
ficient to do major surgical operations pavilion.
and to provide for the simpler methods While every institution should have
of medical treatment and dietetics, and itsentrance speak "Welcome" to the com-
must rely on the larger institutions for ing guest, it is doubly important in a
help. In addition to performing the building of this kind that much care be
major operations it must be prepared devoted to making an entrance com-
for maternity work and the care and mensurate with the object for which the
segregation of children and still keep building is erected. The severe hygienic
the cost within the modest appropria- detail which it is desirable to use where
tion at the control of the hospital com- surgery and surgical dressings are going
mittee. on can be abandoned here and the esthetic
The thirty-bed hospital at Barre (Vt.) side considered. While the question of
(Figs. 50 to 54) fills the needs of such hygiene should never be lost sight of in
a small municipality. On the first floor any hospital department, the hospital
provision is made for the administration, architect should not be a slave to this
laboratory, and X-ray work, the heating, fancy, but should be able to couple good
cooking and storage, while the two upper hygiene with good design.
floors are devoted entirely to patients. The medical department of this build-
The contour of the Vermont hills lends ing will be as complete as that of any
itself to the economic planning of this building of its kind in America, for it
institution. is realized by the authorities of this hos-
Complete departments for the surgical pital that it is time that the medical man
and maternity work are provided, segre- should have greater opportunities for his
gated from the rest of the hospital. An work than are provided in the majority
effort has been made, even in this small of medical institutions.
hospital, to minimize the noises that arise The surgical department will be most
in any institution of this kind. complete. The system of lighting will
The roof ward (Fig. 53) is made com- be entirely indirect, no lighting fixture
plete, similar to that mentioned in the being in the operating-room, but all con-
description of the Bridgeport maternity cealed behind the glazed ceiling.
pavilion. Entirely new models of sterilizers are
Thepopularity of the private hospital being designed for this building. Dis-
is extending soin Canada, as well as in tilled water for drinking purposes will
this country, that many of the larger in- be provided on all floors.
stitutions are setting apart buildings for A
series of balconies from private
the care of the wealthy sick, fitted up rooms is arranged on all sides of the
with all the luxuries of the best-kept building, making it possible for the pri-
private homes. The demand for such a vate patients to have their own private
building in Canada's great hospital, the balconies, just as they have their own
Royal Victoria of Montreal, has been so baths and toilets. Additional airing bal-
great that one of her most generous- conies for every floor are provided.
hearted sons has provided the means for Much of the equipment will be espe-
building a complete and thoroughly- cially designed for this building.
FIG. 29. OPERATING ROOM OHIO VALLEY GENERAL HOSPITAL, WHEELING, W. VA.
Edward F. Stevens, Architect.
FIG. 30. ISOLATION DEPARTMENT CORRIDOR-OHIO VALLEY GENERAL HOSPITAL,

WHEELING, W. VA.
FIG. 31. PLAN OF WARD UNIT-RIGS HOSPITAL, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK.
MATER.NITY PAVILION
BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL
BRJDGEPOR.T CONN
tDW A tD f iTEVtIO ABXHITtCT
bOiTOM
FIG. 32. PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR-MATERNITY BUILDING, BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

toow roiitT v A T t
DD
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DM j
P
LUTH iLOOK
r E
DELIVEHY _>
J ^ JB. Ji
LOOM AIHING
j C D
iAICONY
TT
n
f VAT l
DELIVERY
U j b dn tffD D
IOOM r
floor
CfctCHE,
BAUCOHY
i SECOND FLOGS. PLAN
fccor MATERNITY PAVILION

BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL
BRIDGEPORT
-- CONN
EDWAJLD F JTEVENJ
&O.3TON
ARCHITECT
MA3.S
FIG. 33. PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR-MATERNITY BUILDING, BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

MATERNITY PAVILION
BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL
BRIDGEPORT CONN
EDWARD r .STEVENS ARCHITECT
60.STON HAW
FIG. 34. ROOF WARD MATERNITY BUILDING, BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

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II
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O cfl
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a*
FIG. 36. MATERNITY WARD BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

FIG. 37. CHILDREN'S WARD MATERNITY BUILDING, BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

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K
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W
g
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o <
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FIG. 39. MATERNITY OPERATING ROOM BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

FIG. 40. PRIVATE ROOM-MATERNITY BUILDING, BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

FIG. 42. MAJOR OPERATING ROOM BRIDGEPORT (CONN.) HOSPITAL.

B OtTIw. ETVAI2.D
FIG. 43. GENERAL GROUP PLAN-ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
Edward F. Stevens, Architect; Mellen C. Greeley, Associate Architect.
FIG. 44. FIRST AND SECOND FLOORS-ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL.
FIG. 45. VIEW OF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
(5 W H*
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w
9 W> fa
EH
ssg
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111
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HO
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hH H
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FIG. 47. VIEW OF PRIVATE WARD BUILDING-ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
Edward F. Stevens, Architect; Mcllen C. Greeley, Associate Architect.
FIG. 48. VIEW OF WHITE ISOLATION BUILDING, ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, JACKSONVILLE, FLA.
fcoor
fLooe.
FIG. 49. FLOOR PLANS WHITE ISOLATION BUIDPING, ST.

LUKE'S HOSPITAL, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. EDWARD F. STEVENS,
ARCHITECT; MELLEN C. GREELEY, ASSOCIATE ARCHITECT.
TUOOR. -Pi- AH-
FIGS. SO AND 51. FLOOR PLANS-BARRE (VERMONT)

CITY HOSPITAL. EDWARD F. STEVENS, ARCHITECT.
FIGS. 52, S3 AND 54. FLOOR PLANS AND

VIEW OF EXTERIOR BARRE (VERMONT) CITY
HOSPITAL. EDWARD F. STEVENS, ARCHITECT.
10
FIGS. 55 AND 56. GROUND FLOOR PLAN AND PLAN OF TYP-
ICAL FLOOR-ROSS PAVILION, ROYAL VICTORIA HOSPITAL,
MONTREAL, CANADA. STEVENS & LEE, ARCHITECTS.
< w
2E H
.
I
>-)
Personal R-etn/niscences of
CHARLES-POLLEN -M C KIM
-* By Glenn Brown -^~
M Kim
c
and the
White House
HOBAN, an architect edu- the Pullman Car Company, noted for the
cated in Ireland, who had established interiors of their cars, and an
JAMES
his reputation in South Carolina by
palatial
elaborate mantel covering the better part
designing the State Capitol in Columbia, of one side of the room and other decora-
won the competition for the Executive tions were placed in this refined room
Mansion in 1792. The building was com- The State Dining Room was decorated
pleted under his direction. The interior, and furnished, inspired by the eating
being of wooden construction, was de- hall of the more important boarding
stroyed and the exterior stone walls houses so well known in Washington to
marred when the British piled com- the average Congressman. I do not know
bustible material in its rooms and set it under whose administration this change
on fire in 1814. The house was restored took place. Minor changes had crept in,
and completed under James Hoban about like the placing of the boiler and coal
1830. It remained with little change in storage in the stately elliptical South
original condition until after the Civil
its Room of the basement, and the dignified
War. From this period until the ad- vaulted hall of the basement had been
ministration of Theodore Roosevelt there filled with steam, hot air, plumbing, gas
were constant changes in the interior, and other pipes, leaving scarcely passage
made on authority of the presidential room for the visitor. Beautiful old marble
resident, which destroyed the fitness and mantels, pier tables and other pieces of
dignity of this beautiful building. fixed furniture had been removed
Under Grant's administration the East throughout the house and replaced by
Office (as Jefferson named the one-story the commonplace stock mantels and fur-
projections extending east and west, niture of the unfortunate period when
or the East Terrace, as it is now called), the changes were made.
which gave an effective colonnade on the The painting, paper, cornices, wall
front, was pulled down and the decorations and furniture were in keep-
ist Room redecorated.
Erden The type of the ing with this period, the least affected
decoration was furnished by the saloon by good taste in our history, and the
of the Palace Sound steamers and this White House represented the lowest ebb
illusion was increased by installing cir- of the period.
cular settees and other furniture which The building was in the condition I
went with this type of design. have described when Roosevelt commis-
President Arthur had the dignified sioned McKim, Mead and White to re-
entrance hall separated from the corri- store the mansion to its original dignity
dor by a stained glass screen, elaborate and good taste, so it might be a fitting
and costly, completing the bizarre effect residence for the head of a great nation.
by decorating the walls and ceilings with There had been a determined effort to
elaborate plaster relief ornaments and enlarge the White House under Colonel
covering the floor with tile of brilliant Theodore A. Bingham, Commissioner of
colors and elaborate patterns. Tfie fre- Public Buildings and Grounds, during
quenters of the Hoffman bar, noted in McKinley's administration, without the
those days for extravagant beauty, would supervision of a competent architect; a
have felt at home in the entrance hall scheme was presented which would have
of the President's residence. The Red overshadowed and destroyed the beauty
Room was turned over to the designer of of the historic mansion. This unfortun-
came near being executed

ate enlargement least this part of the building fireproof.
and was only stopped by the effective One of the first me by
directions given to
protest of the American Institute
of McKim was and ducts
to get all the pipes
Architects. Roosevelt, soon after he be- out of the basement corridor and restore
came President, fortunately selected the it to its former vaulted dignity, and clear
firm of McKim, Mead and White to the boilers from the elliptical room, as this
restore instead of to enlarge the building. was to be the diplomats' lobby and cloak
McKim immediately entered heart and room, thus giving a convenience they did
soul into the restoration of the house, not have in the house. This direction
selecting for every detail the best models meant excavating for a cellar for the
of French and English interiors, based heating apparatus and large conduits un-
upon the Italian, which influenced the der the basement for ducts, heating coils,
original designer of the period when gas, plumbing pipes and electric wires.
the mansion was erected. These utilitarian measures went on while
The order for this work was given in the. drawings were being prepared.
the latter part of June, and the living In his studies for the East Room Mc-
portion of the building, according to Kim found that the four great chimney
agreement, was to be completed in No- breasts which projected two feet and a
vember, when Roosevelt and his family half into the room decreased its apparent
intended to return to the finished house. size, as they cut it into three parts.
McKim offered me the local superintend- The contractor said it was nearly im-
ence of the work, which I accepted with possible to change the flues in these
pleasure. I had an inherited interest in breasts. McKim, in his quiet,
sympathetic
the building, as my great-grandfather, way, pointed out to me the advantages to
Peter Lenox, was clerk of the works and be gained if we could take off about two
superintendent under Hoban for fifteen feet from each projection. "Why," he
years. Added to this interest was the said, "it would be worth five thousand
fact that for years I had been devoting dollars in the appearance of this room to
myself to the study of the history and get them out of the way." "If you want
design of early government buildings. it, I will get them out of the way," I said.
McKim gave his whole attention to de- The projections of the chimneys were
sign, from the broadest principles control- reduced the desired amount and the flues
ling the relations and unity between the were cut back into the brick walls, which
larger elements of halls and rooms down were found ample to carry them, much
to the minutest details of mantels, stucco to McKim's pleasure and to the added
ornaments and lighting fixtures. dignity and importance of the room.
The broad principles of the work con- In excavating for the East Terrace
sisted in restoring the terrace on the east, foundations, the drawings having been
removed during Grant's administration; made to duplicate the terrace on the west,
removing the greenhouses and propagat- we found beneath the ground the founda-
ing beds, which had increased in number tion of the old colonnade, and the new
and size with each administration until the columns fitted the old foundations on
West Terrace was covered and screened which they were placed. Work went on
by them and hothouses bid fair to cover day and night and before the structural
the South Garden; removing the Presi- work was complete the finished interior
dent's public offices from the residence to work began to arrive.
a separate structure restoring the inter-
;
An example of the thought McKim
ior from the ground to the roof and re-
; gave to what would be considered by
furnishing the principal floor. many an unimportant detail is shown by
While McKim was maturing his designs the consideration given to the parapet
and the drawings were being made, the on the north area wall, over which a
building as it existed from the ground to rather crude iron railing had been erect-
the roof was being torn out, leaving only ed. Should it be a solid wall, should it
the walls, windows and upper floors. The be a stone balustrade, should it be open
first floor joists were removed to make at iron work? I recollect sitting with him
on a stone in the North Garden a beauti- Kim's face which I knew meant trouble.
ful moonlight night, about twelve o'clock, Then it came out: "Yes, they are very
looking at the White House and discuss- fine," he said, "but they are a little too
ing or rather listening to him soliloquize large for the room. I would like to see
on this parapet wall. Would not an iron them about six inches less in diameter."
railing affect the lines of the house be- The remark meant that they would come
hind it and attract undue attention to the down, be altered and reassembled. When
railing? Would not a stone balustrade this was done we could all see the great
obtrude the same way, only in a
itself in improvement. The same thing happened
less degree? Would not a solid wall of with the silver chandelier and side brack-
the same color be merged into the house ets in the State Dining Room. The State
without attracting undue attention ? Thus, Dining Room is paneled from the floor
on a moonlight night, at twelve o'clock, to the ceiling in beautifully grained Eng-
this question was settled to the advantage lish oak and McKim
wished to secure the
of the building. proper shade of grey in the ceiling to
As the work progressed, McKim gave harmonize with the side walls. A small
each detail his attention as it went into sample of color was not a guide to secure
place. He did not hesitate, although the the shade it required seven coats of paint
;
time was so limited, to alter or change over the entire surface before the desired
details which he found did not appear shade of grey was secured.
just as he had expected. In looking over the attic, we found
This seeking the best results was well stored, where they had been for fifty, years
illustrated in finishing the private dining or more, two of the original mantels,
room. The molded panels and cornices two pier tables and a circular table, all
of this room, McKim thought, were too of marble chastely designed and delicately
coarse in scale when he saw them on the carved, evidently of Italian importation.
wall. He had portions of them made These rare pieces of the old furnishing
more delicate. New moldings were made had been thrown into the rubbish heap.
and put up, then others, until he finally They were brought out of hiding and re-
selected those most appropriate. placed in the Red and Green rooms and
The new moldings threw cornice orna- in the corridor, where they again made
ments and the center out of scale and fitting ornaments.
these had to be removed and others se- The wall covering, silk, velvet and
cured after several trials before he was paint, was given
close study. McKim
satisfied with the room as a harmonious could not find a blue, such a man's blue
composition. as he desired, for the Blue Room, so he
This room was nearly done at the time secured samples of some Napoleonic
these changes were made and Roosevelt ribbed silk, made about the period the
and family, having moved into the bed- White House was rebuilt in 1814, from
room floor, were demanding the use of abroad and had some woven from this
the private dining room. McKim was sample, that he might secure the dignity
inexorable in his determination to secure necessary in this important room, where
the best results and Roosevelt, although the President usually received his guests.
a strenuous President, gave way to Mc- The private library or office on the bed-
Kim's quiet insistence. The electric fix- room floor, which had been supplied with
tures throughout the house are probably modern (in the early seventies) mantels,
the most artistic that have been designed cornices and wall decorations, was re-
in this country, and while outlined in established in its period by making a
design and supervised by McKim, they marble mantel based on one in the Su-
had the personal attention of Caldwell preme Court room of the Capitol, and
throughout their manufacture and instal- the cornice was secured from the dining
lation. While all were praising the crys- room in the Octagon, redrawn and de-
tal chandeliers in the East Room just signed in scale with the size of the library
after they had been hung, I saw the of the White House.
doubtful, rather sad, expression on Mc- It was necessary to build a structure
for the public office separate from the such chaste and refined work, as I must
residence. McKim determined to place confess I have been disappointed in the
this at the end of the West Terrace, mak- expensive buildings I have been going
ing it one story in height, no higher than through in other cities." He then re-
the terrace, thus making it in every way marked "Don't you think McKim is the
:
subordinate to the main building. While American who most deserves the Royal
he considered this a temporary building, Institute Gold Medal?" I agreed with
it contained all the office rooms needed him and have often thought that the
for the conduct of the President's busi- White House work was the controlling
ness. McKim's hope was that an ade- factor of his being presented with the
quate office building, with stately apart- Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of
ments, for diplomatic and other func- British Architects a year later.
tions, might be built some time in the McKim's refinement, good taste, keen
near future, facing the Capitol at the appreciation of the beauty of the old
Executive Mansion end of the avenue, White House, together with his long
thus restoring the original idea of a reci- study of Italian and of the Georgian
procity of sight between the executive adaptation of Italian Renaissance, made
and legislative branches of the Govern- him the ideal man for its restoration
ment. again into a dignified residence for the
This one-story office building was much President of a democratic nation.*
ridiculed because it did not compete with Entering through the East Terrace,
the White House and was so simple in where their wraps are deposited, guests
its design. pass into the dignified reclaimed vaulted
At a private dinner in Washington, corridor of the basement. Turning to
among some dozen guests, McKim and the right, they pass up the broad, impos-
Secretary of Treasury Shaw were pres- ing stone stairway to the first floor.
ent. The Secretary began to belittle and From this stairway, entering the en-
to ridicule the office building of the Pres- trance hall on the first floor, they would
ident. McKim said: "The conversation be attracted by the dignified beauty of the
reminds me of an afternoon in Saint room, made effective by the Doric col-
Gaudens' studio some years ago. The umns which divide it from the corridor
wonderful statue of Farragut, just fin- and the simple Doric cornice which sur-
ished, was on exhibition and a lady, hand- mounts the columns and pilasters, which
somely dressed and stately in carriage, break the wall surfaces, by the
pleasing
came in. I retired and Saint Gaudens color of the halls painted in buff,
by the
carried her in to see the statue. After a ceiling decorated in scale and harmony
short time Saint Gaudens returned with with the walls, and by the floors laid in
a cheerful countenance and whistling the warm grey Joliet flag stone.
merrily. I said, 'Well. Gus, I know she They would be impressed by the mag-
must have been pleased with the statue, nitude of the hall, as well
as by its har-
as you are so gay.' 'No,' he said, 'she monious color, refined detail and dignity
did not like it. If she had I would have in composition.
known it was bad.' A broad smile ran
}:
Passing from the entrance hall, they

around the table, the Secretary stiffened would enter the simple, chaste corridor
up, but finally gave way and joined in the with its segmental arched
ceiling, deco-
laugh. rated and painted to combine with the
A prominent English architect, visiting hall. Standing in the long corridor, it
this country some years ago, while mak- is sight
worthy of memory to see the
ing a pleasure trip, was looking over *^ 13 e J ^! cle by the late Montgomery Schuyler
the work of various Americans with ref- n tltle d Ne hite House '" îch appeared in
Tv, A ?>
The Architectural ^ ^ Record for April, 1903, may be
erence to awarding the Royal Institute consulted for illustrations. It was written in Mr
Gold Medal, when I took him through Schuyler best vein and is a notably fine
s
of American architectural literature. example
A full tech-
theWhite House soon after it was com- nical account of the
restoration, including working
drawings, is contained in Senate Document No. 197,
pleted. He said : "I did not think there Fifty-seventh Congress, Second Session, entitled
was an architect in America who could do White House " (G '
President and his guests come down from harmony with the wall hangings. We feel
the second story by a simple stone stair- that this is a room -in which our President
way with its delicate iron* balustrade, to may receive the most cultured guests of
which McKim gave such careful thought, thisand other countries without fear of
before marching through the hall to take shocking their good taste.
their place in the receiving line. Leaving On the way to the East. Room you pass
the corridor, the visitor would enter the through the Green Room, where the walls
State Dining Room, finding it a stately are hung with a pleasing olive shade of
hall of the early English Renaissance, green Venetian silk velvet. The second
borrowed from Italy. The walls of this Italian mantel resurrected from the garret
room have been paneled from floor to has been placed in this room; the furni-
ceiling. Its pilasters, cornice, medallions ture is designed from the best models of
and carved mouldings are made from the period in cream white. The smaller
beautifully veined English oak. The dark chairs were copied from a chair owned
walls, the silver side lights and central by Frank Millet, which he said originally
chandelier, the great Worcester stone belonged to Marie Antoinette.
mantel, the mahogany tables, the tapes- The room as redecorated and furnished
try covered chairs and the polished oak forms a restful and charming parlor.
floor complete a room both artistic and From this room the visitor enters the
dignified. great East Room, where we see the walls
All can immediately appreciate that it paneled from the floor to ceiling, with
is a dining hall in which our President pilasters, panels and cornice artistically
may gracefully and adequately entertain carved and beautifully proportioned, the
the most cultured of our own and foreign whole composition being satisfactorily
lands. completed by a great ceiling in chaste low
The Red Room adjoins the State Din- relief.
ing Room. Here we find the walls hung This room, with its
graceful crystal
with red Venetian silk velvet and the new chandeliers, its and har-
refined standards
wood work modeled from good examples monious cream colored walls, enriched by
in keeping with the house. One of the figure panels, well modeled in low relief,
marble mantels holds the place of
Italian and its polished oak floors gives a stately
honor rich materials, harmonious colors,
;
hall for grand functions which only needs
refined details again make this room a gaily gowned ladies to give color and
fitting private parlor for the Executive charm. Leaving this room we depart by
Mansion. the stone stairway to the basement and
From the Red Room you would pass out through the East Terrace.
into the Blue Room, where the Presi- When we look at the object lesson fur-
dent usually receives his guests at recep- nished in this chaste and beautiful build-
tions. ing and remember the designing was com-
The walls of this room are covered menced the latter part of June and the
with heavy ribbed blue silk, woven living portion of the finished building was
from a sample of silk made during the turned over to the President in Novem-
Napoleonic period. The color suggests ber, we must respect the task accom-
the stately receptions of the Empire. plished by McKim, Mead and White and
The mantel in this room has been pat- thank Charles F. McKim for again bring-
terned after the well-known example in ing us back to the simplicity and good
the Petit-Trianon and the furniture is in taste shown by the fathers of the Re-
the Empire style, covered with silk in public.
F W. DODGE
A TRIBUTE
By Iôger W Babsort
F.
~ W.DOD GE
A TRIBUTE
By IZôger W Babsort
N January 24, J864, the father of building statistics was
born in Melrose* a suburb of Boston, Mass* This boy
was brought up according to old-fashioned New Eng-
land standards, both his father and mother being from
old New England stock* He was educated in the pub-
lic schools of Newton* Mass** to which place his family
had moved* Like most boys, when he went to work

he took the job which came along and tried two or three different
first
things before he finally succeeded in finding the niche for which he

was fitted. In view of the analytical quality which later appeared in
all his work, probably the most potent of the early influences that
fixed his habit of mind was a study of chemistry, coupled with a brief
employment in the State Assay Office of Maine. He was an original
boy. more or less of an inventive genius* What he was thinking about
in those days will never be known; but we all do know that when
he found the place for which he was adapted, success came at once.
This boy to whom I refer was Frederick Warren Dodge*
He found his place in the world's machinery when he was twenty-
seven years old. for in J89J he founded the F. W. Dodge Company
of Boston* to collect and distribute construction news throughout the
country, thus making national building statistics available* Before
he had been in business two years he had opened a branch office in
New York, and in J896 formed a partnership there with Mr. Clinton
W* Sweet, publisher of the Architectural Record* Sweet's Catalogue,
and the Record and Guide* Shortly afterward the main office of the
F. W* Dodge Company was moved to New York, and branch offices
were rapidly established in other large cities.
In J9J2, Mr* Sweet sold out his interest in the company to Mr*
Dodge* and at that time the F* W* Dodge Company absorbed all the
Sweet publications* In the space of not quite twenty-five years this
youth of Newton became the leading publisher of architectural and
building data in America*
At the time of Mr, Dodge's death, some sixteen publishing cor-
porations were under his control. These corporations covered every
department of the building field, from the purchasing of real estate
to the furnishing of the finished structure. The F. W. Dodge Company
is a great factory, a great department store* a great clearing house
for engineering and architectural news. From a publishing standpoint
it constitutes a systematized national business of homogeneous parts.
It is a business in which the greatest economy of production and dis-
tribution is combined with the most thorough cooperation and efficiency
of service*
At this point I wish to emphasize this word "cooperation." When
Mr. Dodge was building up his business there was no such thing as
cooperation along any business lines* The motto of the real estate
operator, the architect, the contractor, and the manufacturer was "Every
one for himself/' The fundamental idea of the F. W. Dodge Com-
pany, on the other hand, was cooperation, and this has always been
its basic principle* When Mr. Dodge first began to preach it, he found
many who were willing to pay him large sums for exclusive infor-
mation, but it was difficult to convince competitors that they would
be better off by each paying smaller sums and cooperating with one
another for the good of all* However* Mr. Dodge succeeded in ac-
complishing his purpose. Each time he converted a man to the idea of
cooperation, it was easier to convert the next one* As soon as the
law of action and reaction was allowed to work, results multiplied with
great rapidity; for confidence reacts as confidence and trust reacts as
trust* If Mr. Dodge had accomplished nothing else during his life-
time* he would be entitled to great praise for simply having demon-
strated to the building trades of America that we are all brothers,
and that one can prosper only as others prosper; that misfortune to
one means misfortune to the whole industry*
In the early nineties, when the F. W. Dodge Company was founded,
the prospect for a young man with slender means to start in the build-
ing news publishing business was very discouraging. The first steel
skeleton building had barely been erected* Scarcely any one at that
time could have prophesied the influence which steel skeleton construc-
tion was to have in connection with producing building material
and contracting for their construction. Individual building operations
were comparatively small. The business of contractors (and mant
facturers associated with the building industry) was more or less local
in character, and the demand for building news was likewise very
narrow. There were few people, for example, in Chicago or even in
New York who cared to hear about building operations in Boston.
The most that the Chicago builder desired in the line of information
was data as to proposed buildings in Chicago.
The F. W. Dodge Company, however, adopted a novel method
of issuing news. Twenty-five years ago the principle of the library
card catalog, previously developed only in Germany, was being intro-
duced in America. At first used in connection with bibliography and
scholarship, the principle was rapidly being adapted to filing systems
in business offices. Mr* Dodge applied it to the publication of news.
Each successive stage in the progress of a building was reported on a
separate card, so that the news was presented in the form most con-
venient for use in a business office. The different items could be acted
upon at once, or classified for attention when needed* Besides, the sub-
scriber need receive no items except those of value to him.
On
behalf of the architects, the Dodge Reports announced specific
dates when bids would be received for a certain new building, thus
saving valuable time for architects as well as for contractors and dealers
in building materials. This plan met with prompt success. It was
practical and applied cooperation. Not only did the company suit
its method of publishing to the relatively primitive conditions in the
building industry twenty-five years ago, but the method was broad
and flexible enough to accommodate itself to the varied and complex
changes which have since taken place in that industry.
Before J893, big corporations were comparatively few in America,
though not entirely unknown. After the panic of that year, the most
noticeable fact in the business world was the general development of
large-scale business in nearly all lines of industry* Such business needed
more efficient and exact trade news than had been available before that
time, and the changes and forward strides in trade journalism since
then make a very interesting chapter in the history of the American
publishing business.
The general introduction of steel skeleton construction gave an Added
impulse to the building trade and its allied industries, which no doubt
would any case have tended toward large-scale business. In order to
in
huge buildings demanded in various large cities, contracting

construct the
concerns needed to have sufficient capital to specialize on large work
of the kind, and building material manufacturers were also obliged
to sell goods on a mammoth scale*
Naturally all this large-scale business created a demand for construc-

tion news which should cover fully all sections of the country where
big construction work was being carried on. Mr. Dodge's method of
publishing enabled him to meet this exacting demand with efficiency
and economy. Before long his company was issuing upwards of 300,000
separate authenticated news items a year, of which one subscriber might
require one hundred, while even the largest would not require more
than a few thousand* Several hundred different lines of business were
represented among the subscribers to these Reports, which as well
served the small local business man as the great national corporations.
It may therefore be said that Mr* Dodge's rise to eminence in the pub-
lishingand statistical business was typical of the industrial evolution

which has taken place in America during the last quarter century and
was thus identified with it*
Mr* Dodge had been an officer of the Architectural Record Com-
pany for a number of years, becoming its president in J9J2. He had
a genius for seeing things in a large and sane way, and to one of his
analytical bent it was natural as well as imperative that this magazine
should adopt a definite policy and occupy a distinct place among his
many enterprises. It strove to serve the architect in two directions;
first, by placing before him the
examples of work, and again by
best
encouraging general appreciation of good architecture* In order to

accomplish this dual purpose the magazine dealt with the art of archi-
tecture rather than its practice; and to gain the confidence of the non-
professional reader, as well as the architect, it excluded from its text
"trade notices" and any matter which might appear to be inspired
by business motives* Any technical information which might be needed
could be found in Sweet's Catalogue; therefore Mr* Dodge felt all the
more free to devote the magazine to the art of architecture*
In closing. I wish to say a word acknowledging my personal in-
debtedness to Mr* Dodge* and also to his half-brother and associate
in business. Miller. I was greatly handicapped in the
Mr* Franklin T*
early stages of my
business to secure statistics needed to compile our
Composite Plot of Business Conditions* Notwithstanding the huge
amounts which our government had been spending for statistics* it was
almost impossible to secure in the early days any up-to-date figur
which were of real value in forecasting business conditions* I W2
almost discouraged, when Mr. Miller consented to put the matter up
to Mr. Dodge. These two men. at considerable inconvenience,
without any prospects of profit, commenced compiling for me a b;
record of the new building figures for the largest cities of the Ur
States. At every point, these men were willing to cooperate for tl
good of all concerned. Of course* to-day conditions have change
Thanks Mr. Dodge and a few other far-sighted men* there
to
recently been as rapid an advance in the compilation of statistics as
the development of building trades* Hence* to-day building statist!
are only one branch of the many barometric statistics which are avail-
able* But it was not so in the early days*
BOOKS ON COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
By RICHARD FRANZ BACH
Curator, School of Architecture, Columbia University
Part II. Secular Buildings (Continued)
record has appeared to date con- value of its architectural heritage. What
NO cerning the work of restoration of
the New York "City Hall* Perhaps
is more, 'a conscientious piece of work
undertaken in New York may prove the
the Municipal Art Society, which in its first of a series of similar records pub-
usual altruistic feeling of solicitude to- lished by other cities or local organiza-
ward all works of fine art destined for tions with the preservation and restora-
public consumption, had much to do tion of public monuments in view. Out
with the original idea of restoring the of the series, in turn, may grow a com-
building, will at some time undertake prehensive body of authoritative infor-
a more definite
published record of mation concerning our important public
its success in this
part of its chosen buildings of the early time.
field. The opportunity could not be In the meantime the buildings grow
better timed for a complete
history of older, many are falling into decay, many
the City Hall, within and without and others have been sold to housewreckers.
including the portable objects, not so im- Only occasionally does one hear of a
posing, of course, as Glenn Brown's His- structure handed over to a society which
tory of the Capitol, but equally impor- lends its funds toward the preservation
tant. This should be a volume of care- of landmarks or to a public department
fully measured drawings, with accom- of a city, as was done recently in the case
panying photographs and a thorough text of the Dyckman house in New York.
record of the lifestory of the early na-
Thus the old State Capitol of New York
tional center. It high time that the great
is was superseded by a larger structure,
'
but there is no published record available
metropolis recognized the educational
for students beyond what may be gleaned
*A description of this work, together with a
the City Hall, based upon a search of
E
history from the descriptions in the Annuls of
documentary
sources, including those of McComb's drawings that
have been preserved, is in preparation for The Archi- Albany and similar publications men-
tectural Record by Charles C.
May, of the office of
tioned previously. The history of the
Orosvenor Atterbury.
buildings of the University of Virginia
has never appeared in printed form use- received due attention, issue for July,
ful for architectural study, although we 191 1. This material, as well as much else
are aware of manful efforts in this direc- that has been printed in a number of
tion in connection with a general study other periodicals, will appear in due time
of the drawings by Thomas Jefferson un- in connection with a later part of the bib-
dertaken by Professor Fiske Kimball of liography of the literature of Colonial
the University of Michigan. This gen- architecture, to be published in a future
tleman has published several articles in issue of The Architectural Record.
the Harvard Architectural Quarterly, It is altogether fitting that mention
which recently suspended publication, should be made, as part of the present
and in the Journal of the American In- discussion, of a type of book which be-
stitute of Architects on Jefferson's de- longs properly in any category of works
signs for various edifices, and we are on the subject of Colonial architecture, a
given to understand that these papers are type of book which offers not only his-
preparatory to an inclusive work in folio tory or theory, but essentially a few di-
in which will be reproduced the majority rect lessons in simple appreciation and
of the presidential amateur's drawings understanding based upon historical ex-
now in the collection formed by Mr. T. amples, and intimately related to modern
Jefferson Coolidge. This is scheduled to practice. Such a volume is that by Her-
appear in published form in the coming bert C. Wise and Ferdinand Beidleman
spring. The subject is likewise very ably entitled Colonial Architecture for Those
handled, though from a more inclusive About to Build, being the best examples,
point of view, in Thomas Jefferson as domestic, municipal and institutional, in
Architect and a Designer of Landscapes Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Dela-
by William Alexander Lambeth and War- ware, with observations upon the local
ren H. Manning. This was published in building art of the eighteenth century.
1913 (Houghton, Mifflin Company) in a (J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia,
limited quarto edition only five hundred
; 1913; crown octavo, pp. xv+270, 207 ill.,
and thirty-five copies were issued. The index. $5.) This is a conscientious
volume is, however, still available. It is effort in the direction of the elevation
a careful work, well illustrated by views of public taste; and the effort may be
of Farmington, Monticello and the Uni- considered a highly praiseworthy one,
versity of Virginia, as well as by twenty- when we reflect upon the multifarious
three plates reproducing Jefferson's draw- sins that have within the knowledge of
ings for a number of plans and eleva- most of us been committed in the
tions, as well as specifications and calcu- name and formal guise of Colonial
lations in facsimile, and even including architecture. The authors have re-
suggestions for a bell to ring the hours stricted themselves to the middle region
automatically. Mr. Lambeth's position of the old revolutionary territory, saying,
as Superintendent of Buildings and "New England and the South as regions
Grounds at the University of Virginia of characteristic modes of building have
rendered him particularly well qualified been well covered; but it has seemed to
for his work, while Mr. Manning's train- us that the Colonial buildings of Penn-
ing as a landscape designer lent him like- sylvania and contiguous territory have
wise an even judgment in the interpreta- not been adequately portrayed. A
very
tion of Jefferson's remarkable results, small proportion of New England Colo-
achieved without professional training nial work is of other material than wood.
and based solely upon an innate art ap- A rigorous climate there caused peculiar-
preciation. ities of structural detail and of the lay-
In connection with Jefferson's work at ing out of buildings and of groups of
Charlottesville, we are also mindful of a buildings. In the South a manorial scale
series of articles in The Architectural of living called forth ambitious architec-
Record by the late Montgomery Schuy- tural schemes in accord with aristocratic
ler on The Architecture of American ideals. In the Pennsylvania Colonies a
Universities, in which the Virginia group mean is to be found."
The subject matter of the book is sub- In the next paper of the series on the
divided chiefly according to type of build- literature of Colonial architecture, we
shall begin the discussion of volumes con-
ing, and additional information is given
on such subjects as the Carpenter's Com- cerning the much more prolific field of
pany, building materials, and the plan the early dwellings.
and design of early buildings in general. Before concluding the present survey
Throughout the reviewer is aware of a of the literature dealing with the secular
thorough understanding of the field on buildings, we wish, however, to add the
the part of the writers, a sympathetic following paragraphs, which logically
appreciation of Colonial intentions and a should have formed part of the prefatory
sane interpretation of Colonial results. sketch reviewing the principal extant
The volume will prove of great value as buildings of this class:
a general work on our early building art The early secular buildings of Mary-
and has surely added much material to land must be sought chiefly in Annapolis
our records of Colonial architecture in and Baltimore. The first had been the
the middle region of the original United old capital city, commercially as well as
States. The photographs are of excel- in government. But it was superseded in
lent quality, the subjects well chosen, the the former capacity by the larger cen-
type clear. Our only suggestion toward tre of Baltimore before the Colonial
a possible improvement, if improvement period was well over, and the resulting
it b.e considered, would be the addition stagnation in Annapolis has left us that
of a more directly descriptive subtitle on city almost intact as a monument of a by-
the cover, giving a closer definition of gone style. The secular buildings in
the author's purpose. The title as it Annapolis include St. John's College,
stands brings to mind definite principles dating from 1744, and the State House
of planning, structural details, and, what by Joseph Clarke, begun in 1772 and re-
is more, encourages the reader to ex- cently much increased in size and thor-
pect modern adaptations in illustra- oughly restored. Charleston, South Car-
tion. olina, still preserves its undoubtedly al-
It is fortunate, of course, that Messrs. tered old Post Office, and Newport its
Wise and Beidleman were able to avoid Redwood Library, designed by Peter
that particular field in their valuable Harrison and finished in 1750.
work, for, without doubt, the quality of But the most significant secular work
their result could not have benefited by of the Colonial time was produced in
the addition of modern examples. Boston and in Washington. In Boston
Fortunately, also, it was deemed ad- are the now altered Faneuil Hall and
visable in this volume to eliminate all the State House, about which many an
personalities, genealogies and records of architectural skirmish has been fought.
ownership and occupancy of the build- The latter was the work of Charles Bui-
ings discussed. Writers upon this and finch, born 1763, who brought into be-
allied subjects readily wander into the ing the most monumental structure in
fascinating but architecturally usually ir- the United States up to that time, illus-
relevant field of community and family trating incidentally the first use in this
history. The introduction of such mate- country of an order placed over an ar-
rial has rendered
many a volume but a cade, according to the precedent set by
regurgitation of previous works, and the Mansard at Versailles. This building
avoidance thereof in the present instance served as a source of ready imitation for
except upon the limited number of occa- minor public edifices at other places, fre-
sions when "the old chronicler has been
^ quently with the result that inexorably
permitted to put the story, in his own attends the torturing of largely conceived
quaint words, which alone bring the read- designs into the smaller scale forms ex-
er into terms of
intimacy with the cir- pressing the needs of less important
cumstances surrounding the work of buildings. It is interesting to note in
building," has doubled the architectural passing that Bulfinch has to his credit
value of the book. also the erection of the first theatre in
Boston in 1793, a remarkable concession A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LITERA-
for that stronghold of Puritanism at so TURE OF COLONIAL ARCHI-
early a time in its history. The first TECTURE.
theatres in the territory of the United II. Works Concernings Public and Secular
States at large, however, were erected Buildings, Other Than Dwellings;
more than forty years earlier at Wil- Including Also a Few Regional
Works of Historic Interest.
liamsburg, Virginia, and at Annapolis,
Maryland. There is record of a play- Brown, Glenn. History of the United
house at the latter city in 1771, while the States Capitol. Two vols., de luxe;
folio; (1) pp. xxi+113-v, pi. 136; (2)
date 1751 appears in the local annals as
pp. v-f 114-255, pi. 322. Washington;
that of the second theatre built at Wil- Government Printing Office; 1900, 1903.
liamsburg. Not many extant. Few copies obtain-
The crowning public work of Colonial able directly from the author. $15.
times is, in point of size and importance Bulfinch, Susan Ellen. The Life and Let-
architecturally, as well as in point of na- ters of Charles Bulfinch, Architect, with
tional significance, the fine Capitol Build- Other Family Papers. Edited by his
ing at Washington, the design of an ama- granddaughter, with an introduction by
teur this time a West Indian physician Charles A. Cummings. Octavo; pp.
Dr. Thornton, later much modified by xiv+323. Boston and New York;
Houghton-Mifflin Company; 1896. Out
a number of persons and finally complet-
of print.
ed by dint of several additions to the G. A., and Campbell, R. E.
Cleaveland,
fabric not the least of which was a American Landmarks; A Collection of
cast iron domein a thoroughly Roman Pictures of Our Historic
Country's
feeling. as our greatest Colonial
Begun Shrines, with Descriptive Text. Square
edifice, the National Capitol itself fell folio; pp. xii+1+97; ill.; pi. 48. Boston;
subject in no indefinite sense to the clas- Balch Bros.; 1893. Rare.
sicalizing tendency that is the keynote of Cunningham, Harry Francis; Younger,
monumental design during the period of Joseph Arthur, and Smith, J. Wilmer.
Measured Drawings of Georgian Archi-
the Revivals. Still it is not for that rea-
tecture in the District of Columbia,
son less characteristic of our own growth, 1750-1820. No text; 66 pi., 14 inches
for in its stones in their progressive ad- New
by 17 inches. York; The Archi-
ditions our history is written. The tectural Book Publishing Company;
growing pile kept pace with the increas- 1914. $12.50.
ing number of stars in the national flag; Etting, Frank M. An Historical Account
the finished work is a congeries of the of the Old State House of Pennsyl-
efforts of many years, curiously wrought vania, now known as the Hall of Inde-
into a splendid whole which pendence. Small quarto; pp. 9+204;
despite its
much maligned dome is a fit
portraits; plans. Boston; J. R. Osgood
representa- & Company; 1876. Rare.
tion of a nation that has grown by simi-
Hazelton, George C, Jr. The National
larly varied steps. Capitol. Its Architecture, Art and His-
ACorrection. In the Architectural
tory. Octavo; pp. 287; ill. New York;
Record for August the editor of The Taylor & Company; 1897. Same; 1902.
Georgian Period, Mr. William R. Ware, Octavo; pp. 301; plans. New York;
was also credited with being the founder Taylor & Company, now Baker & Tay-
of the School of Architecture at Colum- lor Co. $1.
bia University. As a matter of fact, Kingman, Ralph Clarke. New England
there were two members of the same Georgian Architecture. Fifty-five
Measured Drawings with Full Size
family, uncle and nephew, bearing the
name William R. Of these, William Details. No text; 55 pi., 11 inches by
14 inches. New York; The Architec-
Rotch Ware, not Professor Ware, was Book
tural Publishing Company;
the editor of the volumes mentioned, 1913. $9.
while William Robert Ware was the Lambeth, William Alexander, and Man-
dean of the profession of architectural ning, Warren H. Jefferson as Archi-
teaching, also mentioned in the text re- tect and Landscape Designer. Quarto;
ferred to above. pp. 121; ill.; pi. 23. Edition limited to
535 copies. New York; Houghton- Powell, Lyman P., editor. Historic Towns
Mifflin Company; 1913. $10. of the Middle States. Octavo; pp. xiv+
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry. The Journal of 439; ill. New York; G. P. Putnam's
Latrobe, Being the Notes and Sketches Sons; 1899. $3.50.
of an Architect, Naturalist and Trav- Powell, Lyman P., editor. Historic Towns
eler in the United States from 1796 to of the Southern States. Octavo; pp.
1820. With an introduction by J. H. B. xxxvii+604; ill. New York; G. P. Put-
Latrobe. Octavo; pp. xlii+269; ill. New nam's Sons; 1900. $3.50.
York; D. Appleton & Co.; 1905. Out Sims, Joseph Patterson, and Willing,
of print. Charles. Old Philadelphia Colonial
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry. A Private Let- Details. No text; 55 pi., 13% inches
ter to the Individual Members of Con- by 18 inches. New York; The Archi-
gress on the Subject of the Public tectural Book Publishing Company;
Buildings of the United States at 1914. $10.
Washington. A
Report of Work on Wise, Herbert C., and Beidleman, Ferdi-
the Capitol at
Washington. Octavo; nand. Colonial Architecture for Those
pp. 32. Washington, D. C; S. H. Smith; About to Build. Being the Best Ex-
1806. No longer available. amples Domestic, Municipal and In-
Latrobe, J. H. B. The Capitol and Wash- stitutional in Pennsylvania, New Jer-
ington at the Beginning of the Present sey and Delaware, with Observations
Century. An address before the Amer- upon the Local Building Art of the
ican Institute of Architects. Baltimore; Eighteenth Century. Crown octavo;
1881. No longer available. pp. xv+270; 207 ill. Philadelphia; J. B.
Peirce, Mrs. Melusina Fay. The Land- Lippincott Company; 1913. $5.
mark of Fraunce's Tavern. A Retro- Old Buildings of New York City, with
spect. Read December 4, 1910, in the Some Notes Regarding Their Origin
Long Room of the Tavern, on the One and Occupants. Octavo; pp. 168; ill.
Hundred and Seventeenth Anniversary New York; Brentano's; 1907. Out of

of the Famous "Farewell" of 1783 at print.
the FirstPatriotic Reunion of the Note:In the preparation of these lists,
Women's Auxiliary to the Society for it obvious' that no space can be given
is
the Preservation of Scenic and His- to annals, chronicles and geographic or his-
toric Places and Objects (now the toric works other than such mention as
American Scenic and Historic Preser- they may receive in the text. Although
vation Society). 12mo; pp. 44; ill. New some works are included which are not dis-
York; 1901; printed for the Society. tinctly architectural, they have neverthe-
No longer available. less a direct bearing upon the subject mat-
Powell, Lyman P., editor. Historic Towns ter. In the same manner an occasional
of New England. Octavo; pp. xxi+599; title may fall in point of time slightly be-
ill. New York; G. P. Putnam's Sons; yond the limits of the period under dis-
1898. $3.50. cussion.
NOTES & COMMENTS
In a recent issue of never confided to them by their authors,

The New Statesman trying to make clear the artist's purpose;
we have come upon a for if the artist's purpose is so concealed
The as to require the critic's sharp sight to ferret
concise statement of the
Critic it out then his product need not interest us.
requirements rightfully
Defined. to be exacted of our The critic should rather approach his work
critics. Mr. A. H. Han- through the channel of the contemporary
"If that for of that the figure or the building
nay writes: all life,
art criticism does is to discover genius, then or the canvas is an infallible record. Mr.
there is no such thing as art criticism as Ralph Adams Cram says, in his usual
contrasted with art; there are simply two straightforward fashion: "You cannot sev-
er art from society; it follows from certain
types of artists the creative and the recre-
spiritual and social conditions, and without
ative; the producers and the appreciators.
these a dead twig thrust in sand, and
it is
... If art criticism is a different activity
from that of artistic creation, then it must only a divine miracle can make such bloom."
It shall not be the critic's purpose to water
produce something different something of
the dead twig. Too many of his tribe now
which art is the antecedent condition, but
not the substance. ... It seems . . . pay too little attention to the forest of liv-
that art does
criticism more than
. . . ing trees that cry for interest, the myriad
trends and impulses that seek guidance, di-
merely express approval and disapproval,
rection and unification. Study life, ye crit-
discover genius, and lay bare charlatanry:
Strength to your pen, Sir. ics; it is yet greater than art.
it explains."
Criticism does explain. We find "explain"
defined as "to make clear or intelligible," Among the remains of
and we might surmise that the editor of the buildings excavated at
dictionary had some inkling of the trend of A Public Pompeii isa suite of
fine arts in this eclectic century when he so public baths, admirably
Bathhouse
defined the word. Were our work intel- arranged, spacious, and
ligible, we might in great measure reform at Pompeii. highly decorated. On a
the whole of present critical method. This wall of one of the courts
has been sadly warped to an alien purpose, of these baths is a Latin
that of "making intelligible." Why should inscription which, when reads:
translated,
our art have to be made intelligible? What "On occasions of the of the
dedication
is there in it that is cryptic? Or does it baths, at the expense of Cnseus Alleius
describe a graceful curve above the heads Nigidus Maius, there will be a chase of
of those who need it most? If art is the wild beasts, athletic contests, sprinkling of
expression of life, it should be naturally as- perfumes, and an awning. Prosperity to
similated by the mind, as the stomach takes Maius, chief of the colony." In this way,
food. Our critic's true function lies in a imitating the example of Rome, the baths
different channel. He should be a person were dedicated to the public.
gifted with superhuman breadth of vision, The baths (thermae) formed an irregular
toleration and a firm conviction of the rela- quadrangle, about 162 feet long, with an
tionship existing between life and art. His average depth of 174 feet, and were divided
purpose, in accordance with these require- into three separate compartments. One of
ments, should not be to waste his effort these was appropriated to the furnaces and
upon the Gordian knots of art, seeking a the servants, while the other two were each
meaning, finding in works a significance occupied by a set of baths, contiguous to
each other, and supplied with heat and

water from the same furnace and reservoir.
The apartments and passages were paved
with white marble in mosaic.
Originally the baths for men and women
were united, for convenience and economy
of fuel; but later all direct communication
between them was cut off.
The Pompeiian baths were built solely
for bathing, and are not comparable there-
fore with the Roman baths of their period,
which included porticoes for walking, halls
and courts for games and combats, as well
as apartments for lectures and recitations.
The first chamber in the Pompeiian bath
under notice was, as usual, the "tepidari-
um," with a warm but soft and mild tem-
perature, which admirably prepared the
body as in our modern Turkish baths
for the more intense heat of the vapor and
hot baths. The wall was divided into a
number of niches by male figures (Tela-
mones), two feet high, in relief, and sup-
porting a rich cornice. The ceiling was
worked in stucco, in low relief, with scat-
tered figures and ornaments of little flying
genii, delicately relieved on medallions,
with foliage carved around them. The
ground was painted red and blue.
From the "tepidarium" the bathers en-
tered the "caldarium," or vapor-baths.
On one side of this room was the "laconi- ROOM IN PUBLIC BATHHOUSE AT POMPEII.
cum," containing the great vase, "labrum."
This was a large round basin of white base built of small pieces of stone or lava,
marble, over five feet in diameter. Into stuccoed and colored red, and about five
it the hot water bubbled up through a pipe feet six inches in diameter.
in the middle, and served for the partial The "laconicum," which was well stuc-
ablutions of those taking the vapor-baths. coed and painted yellow, was provided with
The "labrum" was raised about three feet a highly enriched cornice, supported by
six inches above the pavement on a round fluted pilasters at irregular intervals. These
RECEPTION ROOM IN PUBLIC BATHHOUSE AT POMPEII.

were red, like the cornice and ceiling, which and the elected members from each
cieties
was worked in stucco with little figures to this committee are the follow-
compose
of boys and animals. ing: From the New York Chapter of the
On the opposite side of the "caldarium" American Institute of Architects Bertram
was the hot bath, or "lavacrum," whose G. Goodhue, Charles A. Platt and Egerton
length was twice its width, and through Swartwout; from the Society of Beaux-
whose hollow pavement and walls the heat Arts Architects Thomas Hastings, Henry
was admitted. F. Hornbostel and Lloyd Warren; from the
The women's bath was smaller and less Alumni Association of the School of
ornamental than the men's, but was heated Architecture of Columbia Goodhue Liv-
by the same fire and supplied with water ingston, John Russell Pope and I. N. Phelps
from the same boilers. The robing-room Stokes.
contained a cold bath and was painted with The committee in question is purely an
red and yellow pilasters alternating with advisory one, but its work is none the less
one another on a blue or black ground. A of great administrative value. Its recom-
light cornice of white stucco was provided, mendations will be the upshot of frequent
and also a white mosaic pavement with a attendance at the school, and, once sub-
narrow black border. mitted, it will be the function of the author-
From this room the "tepidarium" was en- ities of the school to make proper adjust-
tered. It was painted yellow with red ment wherever academically feasible to
lighted by a small window high
pilasters, accord the existing curriculum with the
above the ground. most urgent practical demands of th great
The construction of these baths plainly body of architects who employ its gradu-
manifests an excellent style of architecture, ates.
which was somewhat marred by such errors We may frankly say that Columbia de-
as a neglect of symmetry in certain par- serves the utmost credit for its initiative in
ticulars, or a pilaster being cut off by a door thus accepting the professional world in a
passing through the middle of it. definite way as its pacemaker. There should
Under the porticoes of the bathhouses be no apprehension on the supposition that
above described was found a sun-dial, con- it is now planned to translate the school into
sisting of a half circle inscribed in a rec- terms of the office, for there is not sufficient
tangle. It was supported by lion's feet, and synonymity of purpose in the two fields,
was elegantly ornamented. however closely they may be allied in the
R. I. GEARE. order of supply and demand. The school
must in the final balance maintain its aca-
Columbia University demic point of view; it cannot be made to
A has inaugurated a not- assume except in its design branch alone
able experiment in co- the guise of the atelier; for the proper
Praiseworthy
Innovation operation between the quantities of historic, theoretic, scientific
at teaching and the prac- and cultural material, not to mention un-
Columbia. tice of architecture. On told hours of drawing, modeling and con-
the assumption that struction, must hold theit place in the well
nothing but good could rounded and closely co-ordinated syster
accrue to both school and profession of teaching. The Committee of Visitors
through a proper understanding and re- then, will not attempt to govern but tc
ciprocal appreciation of one another's prov- advise. The technicalities of administrative
inces, the university authorities decided to control willremain as heretofore in th<
invite three architectural societies of New hands of the Administrative Board. On the
York City to elect three practising archi- other hand, the committee will call into
tects each, to form a Committee of Vis- play its hard bought experience, its knowl-
itors, whose advice as based upon periodic edge of the fundamental demands of prac-
inspections of the school's plant or equip- tice, as well as its cherished ideals of a
ment, current work and mode of teaching great art ingrained through many qualita-
could be depended upon as a guide in check- tive tests, so that the scholastic intention
ing up scholastic results by professional may be brought to a full grasp of the objec-
standards and demands. The three so- tive of professional practice.

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V'chitectural

shed in New York

and similar in-

COVER-DOORWAY TO COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, Esq.. P*.

COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, Esq. : Walker & Gillette, Architects 1

By John Taylor Boyd, Jr.

PASTORIUS PARK, PHILADELPHIA, AND ITS RESIDENTIAL

PORTFOLIO OF CURRENT ARCHITECTURE 40

COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN CONNECTICUT. Part V. Text and

THE AMERICAN HOSPITAL DEVELOPMENT. Part II . 65

McKim and the White House - 84

Secular Buildings (Continued) - - - 89

NOTES AND COMMENTS ,

Editor: MICHAEL A. MIKKELSEN. Contributing Editor : HERBERT CROLY

THE COVNT.IUr HOVSE

amongrecent creations of Amer- that, unlike mere words, it cannot be very

HOUSE, WALLS AND STABLES-VIEW PRESENTED IN APPROACHING THE COUNTRY PLACE

HOUSE AND FLOWER-GARDEN-COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.

Walker & Gillette, Architects.

FLOOR PLANS COUNTRY HOUSE OF

WEST (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION, COMPARE PHOTOGRAPH ON PAGE FIVE-COUNTRY HOUSE OF

Walker & Gillette, Architects.

of interest, likewise all the interior dec-

jects have been chosen and built into

eled, medieval-looking thing, as are all

whimsical design at the other. Here is a

DETAIL OF RECEPTION ROOM CEILING COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ.

EAST ELEVATION OF DINING ROOM COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ.,

VISTA ALONG MAIN AXIS OF GARDENS SHOWING POOL AT CROSS-AXISCOUNTRY HOUSE

GARDEN DETAIL COUNTRY HOUSE OF H. H. ROGERS, ESQ., SOUTHAMPTON, L. L

detailed with a flat band, which is tinted

tation, no surfeit anywhere. tects have even gone so far as to soften

creation of Pastorius Park, St. independently but concurrently upon the

PLAN OF PASTORIUS PARK AND HOUSES ON LAND ADJACENT.*

ciple of a dwelling-surrounded park as an encroachment and was idly producing a

DIVERTED BROOK PASTORIUS PARK.

SPRINGHOUSE AND POOI^PASTORIUS PARK.

NORTH AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS AND GROUND FLOOR

COMMON COURTYARD-GROUP OF THREE RELATED HOUSES ON WILLOW GROVE AVENUE.

FROM LOWER OR SUNKEN GARDEN-GROUP OF THREE RELATED HOUSES ON WILLOW

GROUP OF HOUSES NEAR PARK CREFELDT STREET, ST. MARTINS.

of residential settlements along the main to be cleared of obstructions, the trees

HOUSE AT CREFELDT STREET AND WILLOW GROVE AVENUE-ADJACENT TO PASTORIUS PARK.

houses designed with some consideration jacent to Pastorius Park architecturally

HOUSE ON CREFELDT STREET, ST. MARTINS-NEAR PASTORIUS PARK.

ELEVATIONS OF PROPOSED HOUSES-PASTORIUS PARK DEVELOPMENT.

GROUND PLAN HOUSES AT LINCOLN DRIVE AND WILLOW GROVE AVENUE.

body's a bit dull and uninteresting too.

general constructive and harmonious plan ways, constitutes an ample justification

FLOOR PLANS NEW MONMOUTH

ROTUNDA AND GRAND SALON, FROM OFFICE CORRIDOR-NEW MONMOUTH HOTEL,

HALL-RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ.

SUN ROOM-RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ.

LIVING ROOM RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ., AMHERST ESTATES,

DINING ROOM-RESIDENCE OF GEORGE B. MONTGOMERY, ESQ., AMHERST ESTATES,

blinds, as we have already cases; in others they are just as they

piece, crown of King George III,

example of Colonial sign boards. at Litchfield, has a rise of eight and a

DETAIL 0\ f>EA55 LATCH -I|J1CH FIELD