RISHI MS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to JNTUH)
Nizampet Cross Road, JNTUH Kukatpally Hyderabad–500085

LABORATORY MANUAL
UI DESIGN- FLUTTER LAB

B.Tech III YEAR I SEM (R22 REGULATIONS)

For
B. Tech
III Year I semester

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING,

AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
 INDEX

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO

I List of Experiments

II V/M /POs/PSOs/PEOs

III Syllabus

IV Course Objectives & Course Outcomes

 List of Experiments

Exp. No. Experiment Name Page No.

1 a) Install Flutter and Dart SDK

b) Write a simple Dart program to understand the language basics.

2 a) Explore various Flutter widgets (Text, Image, Container, etc.).

b) Implement different layout structures using Row, Column, and Stack widgets

3 a) Design a responsive UI that adapts to different screen sizes.

b) Implement media queries and breakpoints for responsiveness.

4 a) Set up navigation between different screens using Navigator.

b) Implement navigation with named routes.

5 a) Learn about stateful and stateless widgets.

b) Implement state management using set State and Provider

6 a) Create custom widgets for specific UI elements.

b) Apply styling using themes and custom style

7 a) Design a form with various input fields.

b) Implement form validation and error handling.

8 a) Add animations to UI elements using Flutter's animation framework.

b) Experiment with different types of animations (fade, slide, etc.).

9 a) Fetch data from a REST API.

b) Display the fetched data in a meaningful way in the UI.

10 a) Write unit tests for UI components.

b) Use Flutter's debugging tools to identify and fix issues.

 RISHI M.S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR
WOMEN
(Affiliated to JNTUH University, Approved by AICTE)

Department of Computer Science Engineering & Information

Technology

Vision of the institution:

To be a center of excellence in producing women engineers and scientists who are professionally
competent social leaders to face multi-disciplinary global environment by imparting quality technical
education, values and ethics through innovation methods of teaching and learning.

Mission of the institution:

 To promote women technocrats capable enough to resolve the problems faced by the society using
the knowledge imparted.
 To prepare self-reliant women engineering for technological growth of the nation and society by
laying strong theoretical foundation accompanied by wide practical training.
 To equip the young women with creative thinking capabilities and empowering them towards
innovation.
 RISHI M.S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR
WOMEN
(Affiliated to JNTUH University, Approved by AICTE)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology

Vision & Mission of Department

Vision of the department

To empower women by providing cutting-edge technology to female technocrats in the fields of

Computer Science Engineering, allowing them to develop into competent engineers and entrepreneurs.

Mission of the department

 Adopting creative techniques to nurture and strengthen the core skill of Computer Science.
 Introduce students to the most recent technological advancements.
 Impart quality education, improve the research, entrepreneurial, and employability skills of women
technocrats.
 Instil professional ethics and a sense of social responsibility in students.
 Strengthen the Industry-Academia interface, which will enable graduates to emerge as
academic leaders or inspiring entrepreneurs

 RISHI M.S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN
 (Affiliated to JNTUH University, Approved by AICTE)

Program outcomes (POs)

1. Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct Investigations of Complex Problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of
the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern Tool Usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and Society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant
to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
 RISHI M.S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN
(Affiliated to JNTUH University, Approved by AICTE)

Department of Compuer Science Engineering, Information Technology

Program specific outcomes (PSOs)

PSO 1: Improve the student's ability to decipher the basic principles and methodology of computer
systems. Improve the students' ability to absorb facts and technical ideas in order to build and
develop software.
PSO 2: The capacity to create novel job routes as an entrepreneur using modern computer languages
and evolving technologies like SDLC, Python, Machine Learning, Social Networks, Cyber
Security, Mobile Apps etc.
RISHI M.S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN
(Affiliated to JNTUH University, Approved by AICTE)

Department of Computer Science Engineering, Information Technology

Program educational objectives (PEOs)

PEO-1: Engineering graduates with excellent fundamental and technical skills will have
successful careers in industry, meeting the needs of Indian and worldwide firms.

PEO-2: With determination, development, self-reliance, leadership, morality, and moral principles,
engineering graduates will become successful entrepreneurs who will leverage employability.

PEO-3: To support personal and organisational progress, engineering graduates will pursue higher
education and engage in lifelong learning.
 SYLLABUS
UI Design -Flutter Lab
B.TECH III Year I Sem

Week -1:

1. a) Install Flutter and Dart SDK.

b) Write a simple Dart program to understand the language basics.

2. a) Explore various Flutter widgets (Text, Image, Container, etc.).

b) Implement different layout structures using Row, Column, and Stack widgets.

Week - 2:
3. a) Design a responsive UI that adapts to different screen sizes.
b) Implement media queries and breakpoints for responsiveness.

4. a) Set up navigation between different screens using Navigator.

b) Implement navigation with named routes.

Week - 3:
5. a) Learn about stateful and stateless widgets.
b) Implement state management using set State and Provider.

6. a) Create custom widgets for specific UI elements.

b) Apply styling using themes and custom styles.

Week - 4:

7. a) Design a form with various input fields.

b) Implement form validation and error handling.

8. a) Add animations to UI elements using Flutter's animation framework.

b) Experiment with different types of animations (fade, slide, etc.).

Week - 5:

9. a) Fetch data from a REST API.

b) Display the fetched data in a meaningful way in the UI

10. a) Write unit tests for UI components.

b) Use Flutter's debugging tools to identify and fix issues.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Marco L. Napoli, Beginning Flutter: A Hands-on Guide to App Development
 Course Objectives: To learn
 Learns to Implement Flutter Widgets and Layouts
 Understands Responsive UI Design and with Navigation in Flutter
 Knowledge on Widges and customize widgets for specific UI elements, Themes
 Understand to include animation apart from fetching data

Course Outcomes: After learning the contents of this course the student is able to
 Implements Flutter Widgets and Layouts
 Responsive UI Design and with Navigation in Flutter
 Create custom widgets for specific UI elements and also Apply styling using themes and custom styles.
 Design a form with various input fields, along with validation and error handling
 Fetches data and write code for unit Test for UI components and also animation

CO - PO MAPPING:

CO PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

Python CO1 2 1 3 1 2 3
Programming
Lab CO2 1 3 2 2 1 2

CO3 1 3 2 1 1 2

CO - PSO MAPPING:
PSO-1 PSO-2
CO1 2 2
CO2 1 2
CO3 3 2
 WEEK-1

EXPERIMENT NO: 1.
Write code for a simple user registration form for an event.
1. a) Install Flutter and Dart SDK.
Dart SDK is a pre-compiled version so we have to download and extract it only. For this
follow the below-given instructions: Step 1: Download Dart SDK. Download Dart SDK from the
Dart SDK archive page.
The URL is: https://dart.dev/tools/sdk/archive

Click on DART SDK to download SDK for Windows 64-Bit Architecture. The download will start and a
zip file will be downloaded. Note: To download SDK for any other OS select OS of your choice. Step 2:
Extract the downloaded zip file. Extract the contents of downloaded zip file and after extracting contents
of zip file will be as shown:
Step 3: Running Dart. Now open bin folder and type “cmd” as given below:

Command Prompt will open with our desired path of bin folder and now type dart”.
And now we are ready to use dart through bin folder but setting up the path in environment variables will
ease our task of Step3 and we can run dart from anywhere in the file system using command prompt.

Step 4: Setting up path in environment variables. Open Environment Variables from advanced system
settings and add Path in System Variables as depicted in image:
Now we are done to use Dart from anywhere in the file system.
Step 5: Run Dart Using cmd
b) Write a simple Dart program to understand the language basics.

Ans)

void main(){ var firstName = "John";

var lastName = "Doe";
print("Full name is $firstName $lastName");
}

Output: Full name is John Doe

void main() { int num1 = 10; //declaring number1

int num2 = 3; //declaring number2

// Calculation int sum = num1 +

num2; int diff = num1 - num2; int mul
= num1 * num2;
double div = num1 / num2; // It is double because it outputs number with
decimal.
 // displaying the output print("The sum is
$sum"); print("The diff is $diff"); print("The
mul is $mul");
print("The div is $div");
}

Output:
The sum is 13
The diff is 7
The mul is 30
The div is 3.3333333333333335

import 'dart:io';

void main() { print("Enter number:"); int? number =

int.parse(stdin.readLineSync()!); print("The entered number is
${number}");
} Output:
Enter number:
50
The entered number is 50

EXPERIMENT NO: 2.
2. a) Explore various Flutter widgets (Text, Image, Container, etc.).

Text Widget:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

// function to trigger build process void main() => runApp(const

GeeksforGeeks());

class GeeksforGeeks extends StatelessWidget { const

GeeksforGeeks({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold( backgroundColor: Colors.lightGreen,
appBar: AppBar( backgroundColor: Colors.green,
title: const Text("welcome Screen"),
), // AppBar body: Container( child: const
Center( child: Text("Hello world!!"),
), // Center
), // Container
), // Scaffold
); // MaterialApp
}
}
 Output: Hello World!!

Image Widget:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

// function to start app building void main() =>

runApp(const MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { const

MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

// This widget is the root

// of your application

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( home: Scaffold( appBar:
AppBar( title: const Text(
'Insert Image Demo',
),
),
body: Center( child: Column( children:
<Widget>[
Image.asset('assets/images/output.gif', height: 200,
scale: 2.5,
// color: Color.fromARGB(255, 15, 147, 59), opacity:
const
AlwaysStoppedAnimation<double>(0.5)), //Image.asset
Image.asset(
'assets/images/geeksforgeeks.jpg', height: 400,
width: 400,
), // Image.asset
], //<Widget>[]
), //Column
), //Center
),
);
}
}

Containter Widget:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; void main() =>

runApp(const MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { const

MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( home: Scaffold( appBar:
AppBar(
title: const Text("Container example"),
),
body: Container( height: 200, width: double.infinity, //color:
Colors.purple, alignment: Alignment.center, margin: const
EdgeInsets.all(20), padding: const EdgeInsets.all(30), decoration:
BoxDecoration( border: Border.all(color: Colors.black, width: 3),
),
child: const Text("Hello! i am inside a container!", style:
TextStyle(fontSize: 20)),
),
),
);
}
}

Output:

2b) Implement different layout structures using Row, Column, and Stack widgets Row Widget

import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; void main()

{ runApp(MyApp()); } class MyApp extends

StatelessWidget {

@override

Widget build(BuildContext context) { return

MaterialApp( home: MyHomePage()

);

}
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {

@override

_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();

}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {

@override

Widget build(BuildContext context) { return

Scaffold( appBar: AppBar( title: Text("Flutter

Row Example"),

),

body: Row( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,

children:<Widget>[ Container( margin: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),

padding: EdgeInsets.all(8.0),

decoration:BoxDecoration( borderRadius:BorderRadius.circular(8),

color:Colors.green

), child:

Text("React.js",style: TextStyle(color:Colors.yellowAccent,fontSize:25),),

),

Container( margin:

EdgeInsets.all(15.0), padding:

EdgeInsets.all(8.0),

decoration:BoxDecoration( borderRadius

:BorderRadius.circular(8),

color:Colors.green

),
 child: Text("Flutter",style:
TextStyle(color:Colors.yellowAccent,fontSize:25),),

),

Container( margin: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),

padding: EdgeInsets.all(8.0), decoration:BoxDecoration(

borderRadius:BorderRadius.circular(8),

color:Colors.green

),

child: Text("MySQL",style:
TextStyle(color:Colors.yellowAccent,fontSize:25),),

),

);

}
Output:
Column Widget:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() { runApp(MyApp()); } class MyApp

extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp(
home: MyHomePage()
);
}
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text("Flutter Column Example"),
),
body: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
children:<Widget>[ Container( margin: EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
padding: EdgeInsets.all(12.0), decoration:BoxDecoration(
borderRadius:BorderRadius.circular(8),
color:Colors.red
 ),
child: Text("React.js",style:
TextStyle(color:Colors.yellowAccent,fontSize:20),),
),
Container( margin:
EdgeInsets.all(20.0), padding:
EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
decoration:BoxDecoration(
borderRadius:BorderRadius.circular(8),
color:Colors.red
),
child: Text("Flutter",style:
TextStyle(color:Colors.yellowAccent,fontSize:20),),
),
Container( margin:
EdgeInsets.all(20.0), padding:
EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
decoration:BoxDecoration(
borderRadius:BorderRadius.circular(8),
color:Colors.red
),
child: Text("MySQL",style:
TextStyle(color:Colors.yellowAccent,fontSize:20),),
)
]
),
);
} }
Output:

Stack Widget:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() { runApp(MaterialApp( home: Scaffold( appBar:
AppBar( title: Text('GeeksforGeeks'),
backgroundColor: Colors.greenAccent[400],
), //AppBar body: Center( child: SizedBox( width: 300,
height: 300, child: Center( child: Stack( children:
<Widget>[ Container( width: 300, height: 300, color:
Colors.red,
), //Container Container( width:
250, height: 250, color:
Colors.black,
), //Container
Container( height: 200, width:
200, color: Colors.purple,
), //Container
], //<Widget>[]
), //Stack
), //Center
), //SizedBox
) //Center
) //Scaffold
) //MaterialApp
);
}

Output:
 WEEK-2
EXPERIMENT NO: 3.

3. a) Design a responsive UI that adapts to different screen sizes.

Ans)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <title>Responsive UI
Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header class="jumbotron text-center">
<h1>Responsive UI Example</h1>
</header>

<main>
<section class="mb-4">
<h2>Section 1</h2>
<p>This is some content for section 1.</p> </section>

<section class="mb-4">
<h2>Section 2</h2>
<p>This is some content for section 2.</p>
</section>
</main>

<footer class="bg-dark text-light text-center py-3 mt-5">

&copy; 2024 Your Company Name
</footer>
</div>

<!-- Bootstrap JS and dependencies (jQuery) -->

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js"></script>
<script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.10.2/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></ script> <script
src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></ script> </body>
</html>

Output:

3 b) Implement media queries and breakpoints for responsiveness.

Ans) <!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
margin: 0; padding: 0;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}

header {
background-color: #333; color:
#fff; text-align: center;
padding: 1em;
}

main { max-width: 1200px;

margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
}

section {
margin-bottom: 20px;
} footer {

background-color: #333;

color: #fff; text-

align: center;

padding: 1em;

position: fixed;

bottom: 0;

width: 100%;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { main {

padding: 10px;
}

footer { position:
static;
}
}
</style>
<title>Responsive UI Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<header class="jumbotron text-center">
<h1>Responsive UI Example</h1>
</header>

<main>
<section class="mb-4">
<h2>Section 1</h2>
<p>This is some content for section 1.</p>
</section>
<section class="mb-4">
<h2>Section 2</h2>
<p>This is some content for section 2.</p>
</section>
</main>

<footer class="bg-dark text-light text-center py-3 mt-5">

&copy; 2024 Your Company Name
</footer>
</div>

<!-- Bootstrap JS and dependencies (jQuery) -->

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js"></script> <script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@popperjs/core@2.10.2/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></ script> <script
src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></ script> </body>
</html>

Output:

EXPERIMENT NO: 4.

4. a) Set up navigation between different screens using Navigator.

Ans)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Screen Navigation Example</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
margin: 0; padding: 0;
background-color: #f4f4f4;
}
 header {
background-color: #333; color:
#fff; text-align: center;
padding: 1em;
}
main { max-width: 1200px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 20px;
}

section { display:
none;
}

footer { background-color: #333;

color: #fff; text-align: center;
padding: 1em; position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
width: 100%;
}

.active { display: block;

}
</style> </head>
<body>
<header class="jumbotron text-center">
<h1>Screen Navigation Example</h1>
</header>

<main>
<section id="home" class="active">
<h2>Home Screen</h2>
<p>Welcome to the Home Screen.</p>
<button onclick="navigateTo('about')">Go to About</button> </section>

<section id="about">
<h2>About Screen</h2>
<p>This is the About Screen.</p>
<button onclick="navigateTo('home')">Go to Home</button>
</section>
</main>

<footer class="bg-dark text-light text-center py-3 mt-5"> &copy; 2024 Your Company Name
</footer>

<script>
function navigateTo(screenId) { // Hide
all sections
document.querySelectorAll('section').forEach(section => {
section.classList.remove('active');
 });

// Show the selected section

document.getElementById(screenId).classList.add('active');
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Output:

4b) Implement navigation with named routes.

Ans)
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main()
{ runApp(MyApp()); }

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
 Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp(
title: 'Named Routes Navigation Example',
initialRoute: '/', routes: {
'/': (context) => HomeScreen(),
'/about': (context) => AboutScreen(),
},
);
}
}

class HomeScreen extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Home Screen'),
),
body: Center( child:
Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'Welcome to the Home Screen.',
),
SizedBox(height: 20),
ElevatedButton( onPressed: () {
Navigator.pushNamed(context, '/about');
},
child: Text('Go to About'),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}

class AboutScreen extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('About Screen'),
),
body: Center( child:
Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'This is the About Screen.',
),
 SizedBox(height: 20),
ElevatedButton( onPressed: () {
Navigator.pop(context);
},
child: Text('Go back to Home'),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}
Output:
 Week 3
EXPERIMENT NO: 5.

5. a) Learn about stateful and stateless widgets. Ans)

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main()
{ runApp(MyApp()); }

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'Stateful and Stateless Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(),
);
}
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {

int counter = 0;

void incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
counter++;
}); }

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
 return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Stateful and Stateless Example'),
),
body: Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[ CounterDisplay(counter),
SizedBox(height: 20),
CounterButton(incrementCounter),
],
),
);
}
}

class CounterDisplay extends StatelessWidget { final int count;

CounterDisplay(this.count);

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Text(
'Counter Value: $count',
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20),
);
}
}

class CounterButton extends StatelessWidget { final VoidCallback

onPressed;

CounterButton(this.onPressed);

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
ElevatedButton( onPressed: onPressed,
child: Text('Increment Counter'),
);
}
}
Output:
5 b) Implement state management using set State and Provider.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import

'package:provider/provider.dart';

void main() { runApp(

ChangeNotifierProvider( create: (context) =>
CounterModel(), child: MyApp(),
),
);
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'State Management Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: CounterPage(),
);
}
}

class CounterModel extends ChangeNotifier { int _counter =

0; int get counter => _counter;

void incrementCounter() { _counter++;

notifyListeners();
}
}

class CounterPage extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { final counterModel =
Provider.of<CounterModel>(context);

return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(

title: Text('State Management Example'),
),
body: Center( child:
Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
Text(
'Counter Value: ${counterModel.counter}', style:
TextStyle(fontSize: 20),
),
SizedBox(height: 20),
ElevatedButton( onPressed:
counterModel.incrementCounter,
child: Text('Increment Counter'),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}

Output:

EXPERIMENT NO: 6

6. a) Create custom widgets for specific UI elements. Ans)

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
class CustomButton extends StatelessWidget {
final String text; final Function
onPressed; final Color buttonColor;
final Color textColor; CustomButton({
required this.text, required this.onPressed,
this.buttonColor = Colors.blue, this.textColor
= Colors.white, });
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return ElevatedButton( onPressed: () =>
onPressed(), style: ButtonStyle( backgroundColor:
MaterialStateProperty.all<Color>(buttonColor), foregroundColor:
MaterialStateProperty.all<Color>(textColor),
),
child: Text(text),
);
}
}

class CustomAlertDialog extends StatelessWidget { final String

title; final String message; final String positiveButtonText; final
String negativeButtonText; final Function onPositivePressed;
final Function onNegativePressed; CustomAlertDialog({
required this.title, required this.message,
required this.positiveButtonText, required
this.negativeButtonText, required
this.onPositivePressed,
required this.onNegativePressed,
});
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return AlertDialog( title: Text(title),
content: Text(message), actions:
<Widget>[ CustomButton( text:
negativeButtonText,
onPressed: () => onNegativePressed(),
),
CustomButton( text:
positiveButtonText,
onPressed: () => onPositivePressed(),
),
],
);
}
} void main()
{ runApp(MyApp()); }

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( home: Scaffold( appBar:
AppBar(
title: Text('Custom Button Example'),
),
body: Center( child:
CustomButton( text: 'Click Me',
onPressed: () { // Handle button
press
print('Button Pressed');
},
),
),
),
);
}
}

Output:

6b) Apply styling using themes and custom styles.

Ans)

import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import

'package:google_fonts/google_fonts.dart';

void main() { runApp(const MyApp());

}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { const

MyApp({super.key});

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { const appName =
'Custom Themes';
 return MaterialApp( title:
appName, theme: ThemeData(
useMaterial3: true,

// Define the default brightness and colors. colorScheme:

ColorScheme.fromSeed( seedColor: Colors.purple,
// TRY THIS: Change to "Brightness.light"
// and see that all colors change // to better
contrast a light background. brightness: Brightness.dark,
),

// Define the default `TextTheme`. Use this to specify the default // text styling
for headlines, titles, bodies of text, and more.
textTheme: TextTheme( displayLarge:
const TextStyle( fontSize: 72,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
),
// TRY THIS: Change one of the GoogleFonts // to
"lato", "poppins", or "lora".
// The title uses "titleLarge"
// and the middle text uses "bodyMedium".
titleLarge: GoogleFonts.oswald( fontSize: 30,
fontStyle: FontStyle.italic,
),
bodyMedium: GoogleFonts.merriweather(), displaySmall:
GoogleFonts.pacifico(),
),
),
home: const MyHomePage( title:
appName,
),
);
}
}

class MyHomePage extends StatelessWidget {

final String title; const MyHomePage({super.key, required

this.title});

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text(title,
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.titleLarge!.copyWith(
color: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.onSecondary,
)),
backgroundColor: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.secondary,
),
body: Center( child:
Container(
 padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(
horizontal: 12,
vertical: 12,
),
color: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.primary, child: Text(
'Text with a background color',
// TRY THIS: Change the Text value
// or change the Theme.of(context).textTheme // to
"displayLarge" or "displaySmall".
style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.bodyMedium!.copyWith(
color: Theme.of(context).colorScheme.onPrimary,
),
),
),
),
floatingActionButton: Theme( data:
Theme.of(context).copyWith(
// TRY THIS: Change the seedColor to "Colors.red" or
// "Colors.blue".
colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSeed( seedColor:
Colors.pink,
brightness: Brightness.dark,
),
),
child: FloatingActionButton( onPressed: () {},
child: const Icon(Icons.add),
),
),
);
}
}

Output:
 Week 4
EXPERIMENT NO: 7.

7. a) Design a form with various input fields.

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main()
{ runApp(MyApp()); }

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp(
title: 'Form Example', theme:
ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyForm(),
);
}
}

class MyForm extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyFormState createState() => _MyFormState();
}

class _MyFormState extends State<MyForm> { final

_formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();
TextEditingController _nameController = TextEditingController(); TextEditingController
_emailController = TextEditingController();
TextEditingController _passwordController = TextEditingController();

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Form Example'),
),
body: Padding( padding:
EdgeInsets.all(16.0), child:
Form( key: _formKey, child:
Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
children: <Widget>[ TextFormField(
controller: _nameController, decoration:
InputDecoration( labelText: 'Name',
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
),
validator: (value) { if (value == null ||
value.isEmpty) {
return 'Please enter your name';
} return
null;
},
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
TextFormField( controller: _emailController,
keyboardType: TextInputType.emailAddress,
decoration: InputDecoration( labelText:
'Email',
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
),
validator: (value) { if (value == null ||
value.isEmpty) { return 'Please enter your
email';
} else if (!RegExp(r'^[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)*@[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)+$')
.hasMatch(value)) {
 return 'Please enter a valid email address';
} return
null;
},
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
TextFormField( controller:
_passwordController, obscureText: true,
decoration: InputDecoration( labelText:
'Password',
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
),
validator: (value) { if (value == null ||
value.isEmpty) { return 'Please enter your
password'; } else if (value.length < 6) {
return 'Password must be at least 6 characters long';
} return
null;
},
),
SizedBox(height: 16), ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () { if (_formKey.currentState!.validate())
{ // Form is valid, process the data
print('Name: ${_nameController.text}');
print('Email: ${_emailController.text}');
print('Password: ${_passwordController.text}');
}
},
child: Text('Submit'),
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}

Output:
7 b) Implement form validation and error handling.

Ans)
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() { runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'Form Validation Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyForm(),
);
}
}

class MyForm extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyFormState createState() => _MyFormState();
}

class _MyFormState extends State<MyForm> { final _formKey =

GlobalKey<FormState>();
TextEditingController _nameController = TextEditingController();
TextEditingController _emailController = TextEditingController();
TextEditingController _passwordController = TextEditingController(); @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Form Validation Example'),
),
body: Padding( padding:
EdgeInsets.all(16.0), child: Form( key:
_formKey, child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.stretch,
children: <Widget>[ TextFormField(
controller: _nameController, decoration:
InputDecoration( labelText: 'Name',
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
),
validator: (value) { if (value == null ||
value.isEmpty) {
return 'Please enter your name';
}
return null;
},
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
TextFormField( controller: _emailController,
keyboardType: TextInputType.emailAddress,
decoration: InputDecoration( labelText:
'Email',
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
),
validator: (value) { if (value == null ||
value.isEmpty) { return 'Please enter your email';
} else if (!RegExp(r'^[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)*@[\w-]+(\.[\w-]+)+$')
.hasMatch(value)) {
return 'Please enter a valid email address';
}
return null;
},
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
TextFormField( controller:
_passwordController, obscureText: true,
decoration: InputDecoration( labelText:
'Password',
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
),
validator: (value) { if (value == null ||
value.isEmpty) { return 'Please enter your
password'; } else if (value.length < 6) {
return 'Password must be at least 6 characters long';
} return null;
},
),
SizedBox(height: 16),
ElevatedButton( onPressed: () { if
(_formKey.currentState!.validate()) { // Form is valid,
process the data print('Name: ${_nameController.text}');
print('Email: ${_emailController.text}');
print('Password: ${_passwordController.text}');
 }
},
child: Text('Submit'),
),
],
),
),
),
);
}
}

Output:

EXPERIMENT NO: 8.

8. a) Add animations to UI elements using Flutter's animation framework.

Ans)
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() { runApp(MyApp());

}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'Animation Example',
theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
 ),
home: MyAnimatedWidget(),
);
}
}

class MyAnimatedWidget extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyAnimatedWidgetState createState() => _MyAnimatedWidgetState();
} class _MyAnimatedWidgetState extends State<MyAnimatedWidget> with

SingleTickerProviderStateMixin { late AnimationController _animationController;

late Animation<double> _opacityAnimation;

@override void initState() {

super.initState();

// Create an AnimationController with a duration of 1 second

_animationController = AnimationController( vsync: this,
duration: Duration(seconds: 1),
);

// Create a Tween to animate opacity from 0.0 to 1.0

_opacityAnimation = Tween<double>(begin: 0.0, end: 1.0).animate(
CurvedAnimation( parent:
_animationController,
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
),
);

// Start the animation

_animationController.forward(); }

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Animation Example'),
),
body: Center( child: FadeTransition(
opacity: _opacityAnimation, child:
Container( width: 200, height:
200, color: Colors.blue, child:
Center( child: Text( 'Animated
Widget', style:
TextStyle( color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 20,
),
),
 ),
),
),
),
);
}

@override void dispose() {

_animationController.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}

Output:

8 b) Experiment with different types of animations (fade, slide, etc.).

Ans)
import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'Fade Animation Example',
theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: FadeAnimationWidget(),
);
}
}

class FadeAnimationWidget extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_FadeAnimationWidgetState createState() => _FadeAnimationWidgetState();
}

class _FadeAnimationWidgetState extends State<FadeAnimationWidget>

with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin { late
AnimationController _animationController; late
Animation<double> _opacityAnimation;

@override void initState() {

super.initState();

_animationController = AnimationController( vsync: this,

duration: Duration(seconds: 10),
);

_opacityAnimation = Tween<double>(begin: 0.0, end: 1.0).animate(

CurvedAnimation( parent:
_animationController,
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
), );

_animationController.forward(); }

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Fade Animation Example'),
),
body: Center( child: FadeTransition(
opacity: _opacityAnimation, child:
Container( width: 200, height:
200, color: Colors.blue, child:
Center( child: Text( 'Fade
Animation', style: TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 20,
),
),
),
),
 ),
),
); }

@override void dispose()

{ _animationController.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}

Output:

Fade Animation

Slide Animation:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() { runApp(MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'Slide Animation Example',
theme: ThemeData( primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: SlideAnimationWidget(),
);
}
}

class SlideAnimationWidget extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_SlideAnimationWidgetState createState() => _SlideAnimationWidgetState();
}

class _SlideAnimationWidgetState extends State<SlideAnimationWidget>

with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin { late
AnimationController _animationController; late
Animation<Offset> _slideAnimation;

@override
void initState() { super.initState();

_animationController = AnimationController( vsync: this,

duration: Duration(seconds: 2),
);

_slideAnimation = Tween<Offset>( begin:

Offset(-1.0, 0.0), end: Offset(0.0,
0.0), ).animate( CurvedAnimation( parent:
_animationController,
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
), );

_animationController.forward();
}

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Slide Animation Example'),
),
body: SlideTransition( position:
_slideAnimation, child: Container(
width: 200, height: 200, color:
Colors.blue, child:
Center( child: Text( 'Slide
Animation', style: TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 20,
),
),
),
),
),
);
}
@override void dispose()
{ _animationController.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}
Output:

Slide Animation

Scale Animation:

import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; void main() {

runApp(MyApp()); }
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget { @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'Scale Animation Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: ScaleAnimationWidget(),
);
}
}
class ScaleAnimationWidget extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_ScaleAnimationWidgetState createState() => _ScaleAnimationWidgetState();
}

class _ScaleAnimationWidgetState extends State<ScaleAnimationWidget>

with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin { late
AnimationController _animationController; late
Animation<double> _scaleAnimation;

@override void initState() {

super.initState();

_animationController = AnimationController( vsync: this,

duration: Duration(seconds: 2),
);
 _scaleAnimation = Tween<double>(begin: 0.5, end: 1.0).animate(
CurvedAnimation( parent:
_animationController,
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
), );

_animationController.forward();
}

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('Scale Animation Example'),
),
body: ScaleTransition( scale:
_scaleAnimation, child: Container(
width: 200, height: 200, color:
Colors.blue, child:
Center( child: Text( 'Scale
Animation', style: TextStyle(
color: Colors.white, fontSize: 20,
),
),
),
),
),
); }

@override void dispose()

{ _animationController.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}

Output:
 Week 5
EXPERIMENT NO: 9.

9.a) Fetch data from a REST API. Ans)

import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import

'package:http/http.dart' as http; import 'dart:convert';

void main() { runApp(MyApp()); }

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'API Fetch Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyApiFetchWidget(),
);
}
}

class MyApiFetchWidget extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyApiFetchWidgetState createState() => _MyApiFetchWidgetState();
}

class _MyApiFetchWidgetState extends State<MyApiFetchWidget> { late

Future<List<Post>> _posts;

@override void initState()

{ super.initState(); _posts =
fetchPosts();
}

Future<List<Post>> fetchPosts() async {

final response = await
http.get(Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'));

if (response.statusCode == 200) { // If the server returns

a 200 OK response, // parse the JSON and return a list of
posts.
List<dynamic> data = json.decode(response.body);
List<Post> posts = data.map((post) => Post.fromJson(post)).toList(); return posts;
} else {
// If the server did not return a 200 OK response, // throw an
exception. throw Exception('Failed to load posts');
}
}
 @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('API Fetch Example'),
),
body: FutureBuilder<List<Post>>( future:
_posts, builder: (context, snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
return CircularProgressIndicator(); } else if
(snapshot.hasError) { return Text('Error: $
{snapshot.error}');
} else {
return ListView.builder( itemCount:
snapshot.data!.length, itemBuilder: (context,
index) {
return ListTile( title: Text(snapshot.data!
[index].title),
subtitle: Text(snapshot.data![index].body),
);
},
);
}
},
),
);
}
}

class Post { final int userId;

final int id; final String title;
final String body;

Post({ required this.userId,

required this.id, required this.title,
required this.body,
});

factory Post.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) { return Post(

userId: json['userId'],
id: json['id'], title:
json['title'],
body: json['body'],
);
}
}

Output:
9 b) Display the fetched data in a meaningful way in the UI.

Ans)
import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; import
'package:http/http.dart' as http; import 'dart:convert';

void main() { runApp(MyApp());

}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
MaterialApp( title: 'API Fetch Example',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyApiFetchWidget(),
);
}
}

class MyApiFetchWidget extends StatefulWidget {

@override
_MyApiFetchWidgetState createState() => _MyApiFetchWidgetState();
}

class _MyApiFetchWidgetState extends State<MyApiFetchWidget> { late

Future<List<Post>> _posts;

@override void initState()

{ super.initState(); _posts =
fetchPosts();
}
 Future<List<Post>> fetchPosts() async {
final response = await
http.get(Uri.parse('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts'));

if (response.statusCode == 200) {
List<dynamic> data = json.decode(response.body);
List<Post> posts = data.map((post) => Post.fromJson(post)).toList(); return posts;
} else {
throw Exception('Failed to load posts');
}
}

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('API Fetch Example'),
),
body: FutureBuilder<List<Post>>( future: _posts, builder: (context,
snapshot) { if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
return Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
} else if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Center(child: Text('Error: ${snapshot.error}'));
} else {
return PostList(posts: snapshot.data!);
}
},
),
);
}
}

class PostList extends StatelessWidget { final List<Post>

posts;

PostList({required this.posts});

@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return
ListView.builder( itemCount: posts.length,
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
return PostItem(post: posts[index]);
},
);
}
}

class PostItem extends StatelessWidget { final Post post;

PostItem({required this.post});
 @override
Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Card(
margin: EdgeInsets.all(10),
elevation: 3, child:
Padding( padding: EdgeInsets.all(15),
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start, children:
[ Text( post.title, style:
TextStyle( fontSize: 18,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
),
),
SizedBox(height: 10),
Text( post.body,
style: TextStyle(fontSize: 16),
),
],
),
),
);
}
}

class Post { final int userId;

final int id; final String title;
final String body;

Post({ required this.userId,

required this.id, required this.title,
required this.body,
});

factory Post.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {

return Post( userId:
json['userId'], id: json['id'],
title: json['title'],
body: json['body'],
);
}
}
Output:

EXPERIMENT NO: 10.

10. a) Write unit tests for UI components.

Ans) Unit tests are handy for verifying the behavior of a single function, method, or class. The test
package provides the core framework for writing unit tests, and the flutter_test package provides
additional utilities for testing widgets.

This recipe demonstrates the core features provided by the test package using the following steps:

Add the test or flutter_test dependency.

Create a test file.
Create a class to test.
Write a test for our class.
Combine multiple tests in a group.
Run the tests.
For more information about the test package, see the test package documentation.

1. Add the test dependency

The test package provides the core functionality for writing tests in Dart. This is the best approach when
writing packages consumed by web, server, and Flutter apps.

To add the test package as a dev dependency, run flutter pub add:

content_copy flutter pub add dev:test

2. Create a test file
In this example, create two files: counter.dart and counter_test.dart.
The counter.dart file contains a class that you want to test and resides in the lib folder.
The counter_test.dart file contains the tests themselves and lives inside the test folder.
In general, test files should reside inside a test folder located at the root of your Flutter application or
package. Test files should always end with _test.dart, this is the convention used by the test runner when
searching for tests. When you’re finished, the folder structure should look like this:

content_copy
counter_app/
lib/ counter.dart
test/
counter_test.dart 3. Create a class
to test
Next, you need a “unit” to test. Remember: “unit” is another name for a function, method, or class. For
this example, create a Counter class inside the lib/counter.dart file. It is responsible for incrementing and
decrementing a value starting at 0.

content_copy class Counter { int value = 0;

void increment() => value++;

void decrement() => value--;

}
Note: For simplicity, this tutorial does not follow the “Test Driven Development” approach. If you’re
more comfortable with that style of development, you can always go that route.

4. Write a test for our class

Inside the counter_test.dart file, write the first unit test. Tests are defined using the top-level test function,
and you can check if the results are correct by using the toplevel expect function. Both of these functions
come from the test package.

content_copy
// Import the test package and Counter class import
'package:counter_app/counter.dart'; import
'package:test/test.dart';

void main() {
test('Counter value should be incremented', () { final counter
= Counter(); counter.increment();
expect(counter.value, 1);
});
}
5. Combine multiple tests in a group
If you want to run a series of related tests, use the flutter_test package group function to categorize the
tests. Once put into a group, you can call flutter test on all tests in that group with one command.

content_copy
import 'package:counter_app/counter.dart'; import
'package:test/test.dart';
void main() {
group('Test start, increment, decrement', () {
test('value should start at 0', () {
expect(Counter().value, 0);
});

test('value should be incremented', () { final counter =

Counter(); counter.increment();

expect(counter.value, 1);
});

test('value should be decremented', () { final counter =

Counter(); counter.decrement();

expect(counter.value, -1);
});
});
}
6. Run the tests
Now that you have a Counter class with tests in place, you can run the tests.

Run tests using IntelliJ or VSCode

The Flutter plugins for IntelliJ and VSCode support running tests. This is often the best option while
writing tests because it provides the fastest feedback loop as well as the ability to set breakpoints.

IntelliJ

Open the counter_test.dart file

Go to Run > Run ‘tests in counter_test.dart’. You can also press the appropriate keyboard shortcut for
your platform.
VSCode

Open the counter_test.dart file

Go to Run > Start Debugging. You can also press the appropriate keyboard shortcut for your platform.
Run tests in a terminal
To run the all tests from the terminal, run the following command from the root of the project:

content_copy
flutter test test/counter_test.dart
To run all tests you put into one group, run the following command from the root of the project:

content_copy flutter test --plain-name "Test start, increment, decrement"

This example uses the group created in section 5.

To learn more about unit tests, you can execute this command:
10.b) Use Flutter's debugging tools to identify and fix issues.

Ans) Flutter provides a set of debugging tools that can help you identify and fix issues in your app. Here's
a step-by-step guide on how to use these tools:

1. Flutter DevTools:
Run your app with the flutter run command.
Open DevTools by running the following command in your terminal: bash

flutter pub global activate devtools flutter pub global

run devtools

Open your app in a Chrome browser and connect it to DevTools by clicking on the "Open DevTools"
button in the terminal or by navigating to http://127.0.0.1:9100/. DevTools provides tabs like Inspector,
Timeline, Memory, and more.

2. Flutter Inspector:
Use the Flutter Inspector in your integrated development environment (IDE) like Android Studio or
Visual Studio Code.
Toggle the Inspector in Android Studio with the shortcut Alt + Shift + D (Windows/Linux) or Option +
Shift + D (Mac).
Inspect the widget tree, modify widget properties, and observe widget relationships.
3. Hot Reload:
Leverage Hot Reload to see the immediate effect of code changes without restarting the entire app.
Press R in the terminal or use the "Hot Reload" button in your IDE.

4. Debugging with Breakpoints:

Set breakpoints in your code to pause execution and inspect variables.
Use the debugger in your IDE to step through code and identify issues.

5. Logging:
Utilize the print function to log messages to the console.

print('Debugging message');
View logs in the terminal or the "Logs" tab in DevTools.

6. Debug Paint:
Enable debug paint to visualize the layout and rendering of widgets. Use the
debugPaintSizeEnabled and debugPaintBaselinesEnabled flags.

void main() {
debugPaintSizeEnabled = true; // Shows bounding boxes of widgets
runApp(MyApp()); }

7. Memory Profiling:
Use the "Memory" tab in DevTools to analyze memory usage and identify potential memory leaks.
Monitor object allocations and deallocations.

8. Performance Profiling (Timeline):

Analyze app performance using the "Timeline" tab in DevTools. Identify UI jank, slow
frames, and performance bottlenecks.

9. Flutter Driver Tests:

Write automated UI tests using Flutter Driver.
Simulate user interactions and validate the correctness of your UI.