Flashcards - 1.3 Transport in Cells - AQA Biology GCSE

AQA Biology GCSE
1.3 - Transport in Cells

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What is diffusion?
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an

area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
What three main factors affect the rate of
diffusion?
What three main factors affect the rate of
diffusion?
● Concentration gradient - larger gradient, faster
diffusion.
● Temperature - higher temperature, faster diffusion.
● Surface area - larger surface area, faster diffusion.
Give examples of substances transported by
diffusion in the lungs and the kidney
Give examples of substances transported by diffusion in
the lungs and the kidney
● Lungs: oxygen diffuses into the blood from the lungs
and carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs from the
blood, both down their concentration gradient.
● Kidney: urea diffuses from cells into blood plasma so
it can be excreted in urine.
How are single-celled organisms adapted for
diffusion?
How are single-celled organisms adapted for
diffusion?
They have a large surface area to volume
ratio - maximises the rate of diffusion of
molecules to meet the organism’s needs.
How is surface area to volume
calculated?
How is surface area to volume ratio calculated?
Surface Area = Number of Sides x (Side

Length x Side Width)
Volume = Length x Width x Depth
Ratio = Surface Area:Volume
What four factors increase the effectiveness of a
gas exchange surface?
What four factors increase the effectiveness of a
gas exchange surface?
● Large surface area
● Thin membrane (short diffusion path)
● Efficient blood supply (animals)
● Ventilation (animals)
What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from a dilute solution

to a concentrated solution through a partially
permeable membrane.
What is meant when a solution is isotonic to a
cell?
What is meant when a solution is isotonic to a cell?
The concentrations of the external and

internal (inside cell) solutions are the same.
What is meant when a solution is hypertonic to a
cell?
What is meant when a solution is hypertonic to a
cell?
The concentration of the external solution is
higher than that of the internal solution (inside
cell).
What is meant when a solution is
hypotonic to a cell?
What is meant when a solution is hypotonic to a
cell?
The concentration of the external solution is
lower than that of internal solution (inside
cell).
What may happen when an animal cell is placed
in a hypotonic solution?
in a very hypotonic solution?
Water moves into the cell, causing it to burst.
in a very hypertonic solution?
in a very hypertonic solution?
Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrivel
up.
How do plant leaves and stems remain rigid?
How do plant leaves and stems remain rigid?
Turgor pressure - water moves in by osmosis,

causing the vacuole to swell and the cytoplasm
to press against the cell wall.
What may happen when a plant cell is placed in a
very hypertonic solution?
What may happen when a plant cell is placed in a
very hypertonic solution?
Water moves out of the cell by osmosis and the
vacuole and cytoplasm decrease in size. The cell
membrane may pull away from the cell wall,
causing the cell to become plasmolysed.
What is active transport?
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules from a more

dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
against a concentration gradient, using energy
from respiration.
How do plant root hair cells use active transport?
How do plant root hair cells use active transport?
Root hair cells use active transport to take

up mineral ions from a more dilute solution in
soils. Ions such as magnesium and nitrates
are required for healthy growth.
How is active transport used to absorb the
products of digestion?
How is active transport used to absorb the
products of digestion?
Active transport is used to transport glucose from a
lower concentration in the gut to a higher
concentration in the blood. Glucose is then
transported to the tissues where it can be used in
respiration.

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AQA Biology GCSE

1.3 - Transport in Cells

PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc

The net movement of particles from an

Surface Area = Number of Sides x (Side

The movement of water from a dilute solution

The concentrations of the external and

Turgor pressure - water moves in by osmosis,

The movement of molecules from a more

Root hair cells use active transport to take

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