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Introduction To HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web pages. HTML uses elements to describe the structure of a web page and tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <img> for images to tell browsers how to display content. A basic HTML document structure includes <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags, with visible content between the <body> tags.

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13 views

Introduction To HTML

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web pages. HTML uses elements to describe the structure of a web page and tags like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, and <img> for images to tell browsers how to display content. A basic HTML document structure includes <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> tags, with visible content between the <body> tags.

Uploaded by

goddeshaylee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is HTML?

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language


• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph",
"this is a link", etc.

A Simple HTML Document


Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

• The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
• The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
• The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
• The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's
title bar or in the page's tab)
• The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
• The <h1> element defines a large heading
• The <p> element defines a paragraph
• What is an HTML Element?
• An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
• <tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>
• The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
• <h1>My First Heading</h1>
• <p>My first paragraph.</p>

HTML Documents

All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.

The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.

The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web
pages correctly.

It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.

The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:

<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

Example
<h1>This is heading 1</h1>
<h2>This is heading 2</h2>
<h3>This is heading 3</h3>

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:

Example
<a href="https://www.facebook.com">This is a link</a>

The link's destination is specified in the href attribute.

Attributes are used to provide additional information about HTML elements.

You will learn more about attributes in a later chapter.

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:

Example
<img src="photos.jpg" alt="Pictures.com" width="104" height="142">

HTML Elements

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

Examples of some HTML elements:

<h1>My First Heading</h1>


<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Never Skip the End Tag

Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:

Example
<html>
<body>

<p>This is a paragraph
<p>This is a paragraph

</body>
</html>

Empty HTML Elements

HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.

The <br> tag defines a line break, and is an empty element without a closing tag:

Example
<p>This is a <br> paragraph with a line break.</p>

HTML is Not Case Sensitive

HTML tags are not case sensitive: <P> means the same as <p>.

The HTML standard does not require lowercase tags, but it is recommended that you
use lowercase in HTML, and lowercase for stricter document types like XHTML.

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