Part One: Analytical Reasoning

Directions: The Analytical Reasoning (AR) part is

composed of items that measure your ability to make
inferences and draw conclusions based on
information provided. In this section, you are
expected to identify discrepancies, assumptions,
choose a statement that weaken/strengthen an
argument, evaluate an argument and reason out how
the argument is made.

Each of the following questions has four alternative

choices. Read the questions carefully and choose
the BEST ANSWER from the given alternatives.

Question:101/125

An English school teacher requested her students to try and write children’s
stories that are relevant to their everyday lives. The idea would be to give their
stories a quality of “real life”. One of the students decided to base her story
upon one of the fictional characters from her favorite novel.

101.Of the following criteria listed below, which would make the
most logical sense as criticism against the student’s choice for
her children’s story?

A.The writing techniques that are successful for one

writer are frequently unsuccessful for another.

B.The author of her favorite novel would not allow

the student permission to use their character.
C.Children’s story writing requires examination of the
self in order to develop innovative and original ideas.

D.A story based entirely on the writer’s knowledge of

characters from another novel is not likely to include
the writer’s personal feelings of real life.

Question:102/125

Music Industry executives have claimed that online file-sharing networks are
significantly hurting their business because potential consumers are getting
music for free that they would otherwise purchase. However, after file-sharing
networks started to become popular, CD sales actually increased.

Which of the following, if true, best explains the apparent contradictions

described above?

A.Many consumers have purchased music by artists

they discovered through file-sharing networks.

B.File-sharing networks carry a more complete variety

of music than most traditional music stories.

C.The few people using file-sharing networks already

purchased more music than most people.

D.Many people prefer to store their music as

computer files rather than maintain large CD
collections.

Question:103/125

Parents of high school students argue that poor attendance is the result of poor
motivation. If students' attitudes improve, regular attendance will result. The
administration, they believe, should concentrate less on making stricter
attendance policies and more on increasing students' learning.

Which of the following, if true, would most effectively weaken the parents'
argument?

A.Showing a student how to be motivated is

insufficient; the students must also accept
responsibility for his or her decisions.

B.Unmotivated students do not perform as well in

school as other students.

C.The degree of interest in learning that a student

develops is a direct result of the amount of time he
or she spends in the classroom.

D.Motivation to learn can be improved at home,

during time spent with parents.

Question:104/125

A study of children's television-watching habits by the Federal Democratic

Republic of Ethiopia: Ministry of Women, Children and Youth Affairs found that
children aged 7-10 who watched more than 25 hours of television per week
performed worse in school than children of the same age who watched fewer
than 25 hours of television per week. Therefore, parents of children aged 7-10
should not allow their children to watch more than 25 hours of television per
week.

Which of the following, if true, would best strengthen the argument above?

A. A separate study, by AAU-School of Psychology,

found that when parents prohibited their children
from watching any television, the children's
 reading scores increase rapidly and significantly
and stayed high indefinitely.

B.Children who watched more than 25 hours of

television per week also performed worse on
measures of physical fitness than children who
watched fewer than 25 hours per week.

C.The Ministry’s study gave appropriate weight to

diverse children’s backgrounds representative of
children nationwide.

D.The television shows that children aged 7-10 are

most likely to watch are saturated with
advertisements for products, such as toys and candy,
of little educational value.

Question:104/125
A study of children's television-watching habits by the Federal Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia: Ministry of Women, Children and Youth Affairs found that
children aged 7-10 who watched more than 25 hours of television per week
performed worse in school than children of the same age who watched fewer
than 25 hours of television per week. Therefore, parents of children aged 7-10
should not allow their children to watch more than 25 hours of television per
week.

Which of the following, if true, would best strengthen the argument above?

A.A separate study, by AAU-School of Psychology,

found that when parents prohibited their children from
watching any television, the children's reading scores
increase rapidly and significantly and stayed high
indefinitely.
B.Children who watched more than 25 hours of
television per week also performed worse on
measures of physical fitness than children who
watched fewer than 25 hours per week.

C.The Ministry’s study gave appropriate weight to

diverse children’s backgrounds representative of
children nationwide.

D.The television shows that children aged 7-10 are

most likely to watch are saturated with
advertisements for products, such as toys and candy,
of little educational value.

Question: 105/125
Well over half of all women imprisoned in the city were convicted of crimes
related to the use and distribution of illegal drugs. Legalizing marijuana would
significantly lower the rate of imprisonment and lower the cost of maintaining the
state's prisons dramatically.

What assumption does this argument make?

A.Marijuana is the most popular drug in this state.

B.The use of illegal drugs is not as dangerous as it

was once thought.

C.Most illegal drug crimes involve the use and

distribution of marijuana.

D.People are in favor of legalizing marijuana.

Question: 106/125
More and more research reports linked sports-related injuries to
psychological problems including depression, anxiety and attention
disorders. Nonetheless, participation in youth sports teams has never been
higher.

Which statement best explains this paradox?

A.Parents are more likely to seek treatment for

children's sports-related head injuries than they were
in the past.

B.Medical treatment for disorders such as depression

and anxiety is widely available, allowing those who
suffer from the conditions to lead typical lives.

C.Advanced safety equipment and revised rules for

physical contact have resulted in fewer sports-related
concussion injuries in recent years than in the past.

D.Because of recent controversies, parents are more

skeptical of research-based warnings and tend to
adhere to familiar practices

Question: 107/125
Attendance at five of seven theaters in Addis Ababa has increased
15% this season. The theaters that saw increased attendance
presented plays by Tsegaye Gebre Medhin as well as performances
by Roha Band Orchestra. To ensure continued growth, theaters
should continue to schedule performances that appeal to the faculty
and staff of the universities in Addis Ababa.

What assumption does this argument make?

A.It assumes that orchestra performances and the
plays of Tsegaye Gebre Medhin appeal to similar
audiences.

B.It assumes that attendance will continue to increase

if these strategies are followed.

C.It assumes that one must have a college degree to

enjoy these types of performances.

D.It assumes the audience at the theaters is made

up primarily of people associated with the universities
in Addis.

Question: 108/125
Digital books are more cost effective, use fewer natural resources to
produce, and are much easier to store and transport. With the
advent of digital reading applications for phones and tablets, it is
likely that paper books will be published less and less frequently and
eventually be completely replaced by their digital counterparts at
Addis Ababa University libraries.

Which statement, if true, threatens the author's conclusion?

A.Almost 50% of books are presented as gifts to

others, and most gift-givers report that they prefer
presenting a paper book rather than a certificate for
a digital book.

B.Digital books rely on some sort of power source,

which concerns some readers, who enjoy reading
outside university campuses, where no power is
available.
C.Most authors prefer to have their books published
on paper, then digitized for e-book readers.

D.Over half of all departments in Addis Ababa

university provide students with digital textbooks on
tablets.

Question: 109/125
The number one predictor of a job applicant's success in being
selected for a position is the applicant's self-confidence. Research
has shown that less qualified, but more confident applicants are
frequently chosen over those who are less confident, but more
qualified. To ensure all young people enter the job market with the
confidence they need to succeed, all universities should implement
mandatory physical education and personal wellness courses.

What assumption does this argument make, that, if false, would

weaken the argument?

A.Young people are more likely to suffer from a lack

of self-confidence.

B.Confident job applicants tend to be more successful

in all fields

C.A lack of self confidence can lead to long-term

unemployment or frequent job changes.

D.One's self confidence is based on one’s health and

physical fitness.

Question: 110/125
In a town at SNNPR, over 25% of residents live in poverty. The
vast majority of unemployed people surveyed reported that they are
actively seeking work. Recently, a newly opened Garment factory
attempted to hire 100 workers. Only 3% of residents living in poverty
applied for a position in the factory.

Which statement best explains this paradox?

A.The work at the factory was unpleasant or dirty.

B.People living in poverty are often reluctant to give

up government funded benefits.

C.Most people living in poverty cannot afford

transportation and were unable to take jobs at the
factory.

D.Most of those living in poverty are children or the

elderly.

Question: 111/125
In recent years, the number of accidents caused by drivers
while texting has increased exponentially in Addis Ababa. In
fact, traffic polices claim that texting-while-driving is just as
dangerous as driving drunk. In order to decrease the number of
car accidents caused by distracted drivers using their phones,
the City Administration should implement penalties equivalent to
those applied to drunk drivers, including heavy fines, and
increased jail time. If these penalties are put in place, the
number of accidents caused by texting will decrease.

What assumption is unstated, but central to this argument?

A.Texting while driving is dangerous.

B.The penalties in place for drunk driving are
effective in curbing the number of accidents.

C.All phones operate the same way and require the

same amount of attention for texting.

D.People arrested for driving while under the

influence are usually distracted.

Question: 112/125
The supervisor of an accounting firm often repeats the old proverb,
"A new broom sweeps clean, but the old brush knows all the
corners."

Based on this statement, one can conclude that...

A.the supervisor values some of his more experienced

employees, but doesn't hesitate to hire well-qualified
new workers.

B.the supervisor frequently hires new employees as

they tend to be more thorough than those who have
been in their positions for a long time.

C.the supervisor is often disappointed in his

employees as they seem to pay less attention to
detail than he expects.

D.the supervisor defends his value in the workplace

by disparaging newer employees' abilities to attend to
the fine details of the work.

Question: 113/125
Lake Tana was once the home of several types of fresh water fish,
and a popular tourist spot. Fishing tourists traveled from all over the
world to fish for different fish species. In the last ten years,
however, although tourism has continued to increase, the number of
fish in the lake has decreased. Just five years ago, nearly 75% of
all visiting fishermen reported landing at least one fish. This year,
only 40% were able to catch a fish. Just over the ridge from Lake
Tana big hotels are built and give service to tourists and local
residents. Obvious pollution from these hotels has reached the lake,
causing the drop off in the number of fish. Steps should be taken
immediately to limit the pollution caused by these hotels.

What alternative explanation does the argument ignore?

A.Workers from the tech park are fishing at the lake.

B.The number of people fishing from the lake has

increased.

C.People are less skilled at fishing than they once

were.

D.The fish have migrated via streams and rivers to a

less polluted lake.

The items 114-116 are based on the following

resolution: Resolution: “The legal voting age in many
countries should be lowered to eighteen”. Some of
the following statements are arguments for the
resolution, some are arguments against it, and some
are neither for nor against the resolution. Read each
of the following statements and select the convincing
argument.
114.In most countries it is legal to drive an automobile
by the age of eighteen.
A.It is an argument for the resolution

B.It is neither for nor against the resolution

C.It is an argument against the resolution

D.It is undecided

115. The ability to vote intelligently increases with age.

A.It is undecided B.It is an argument against the
resolution
C.It is neither for nor against the resolution

D.It is an argument for the resolution

Question: 116/125
The number of eighteen –year-old citizens in the countries is increasing
each year.

A.It is an argument against the resolution

B.It is an argument for the resolution

C.It is undecided

D.It is neither for nor against the resolution

Question: 117/125
Given: There are no dancers that aren't slim.

There are no singers that aren't dancers.

Which statement must be true?

A.All singers are slim.

B.Any slim person is also a singer.

C.There is not one slim person that isn't a dancer.

D.All dancers are slim singers.

118.In a restaurant's pantry there are seven kinds of fruits:
Strawberry, Banana, Avocado, Beles, Mango, Orange, and Papaya.
The restaurant's chef has to pick exactly four different kinds of fruits
out of the seven to make a fruit salad. The selected fruits must
meet the following conditions:

 Papaya can be selected only if Strawberry is selected.

 Strawberry can be selected only if Orange is selected.
 Either Mango or Orange must be selected but not both.
 Either Papaya or Avocado must be selected but not both.

Which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the fruits
from which the salad is made up?

A.Papaya, Mango, Banana, Avocado

B.Beles, Papaya, Strawberry, Mango

C.Mango, Orange, Strawberry, Papaya

D.Beles, Orange, Avocado, Banana

Question: 119/125
In the following question, which animal does NOT belong to the
other three animals?

A.Tiger B.Elephant C.Leopard D. Lion

Question: 120/125
In the following question, which pair of words is differently related?

A.Iron: Hard B.Ice: Cold C. Cotton: Soft D.

Purse: Money

Question: 121/125
In which of the following options is the given words arranged in a
meaningful sequence?

1. Infection
2. Consultation
3. Doctor
4. Treatment
5. Recovery

A.2, 3, 5, 1, 4 B.1, 3, 2, 5, 4 C.1, 2, 3, 4,

5 D.1, 3, 2, 4, 5

Question: 122/125
Dejene, Regassa, Mengistu, and Naol are brothers. Who is the heaviest?

I. Regassa is heavier than Dejene and Naol, but lighter than Mengistu

II. Dejene is lighter than Regassa and Mengistu, but heavier than Naol

A.Either statement I or II is sufficient.

B.Statement I alone is sufficient, but statement II

alone is not sufficient.

C.Data in both the statements together are not

sufficient.
D.Statement II alone is sufficient, but statement I
alone is not sufficient.

Question: 123/125
Below are given an assertion and a reason for the assertion. Examine both the
assertion and the given reason and choose the correct answer.

Assertion (A): Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would melt
the polar ice.

Reason (R): Increased levels of carbon dioxide would increase the

temperature.

A. A is true, but R is false.

B.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct

explanation of A.

C.Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.

D.A is false, but R is true.

Question: 124/125
The Department of Civics in Addis Ababa University wants
to appoint a new chairperson, based on seniority. Mr.
Gaddisa has less seniority than Mr. Mulugeta, but more
than Mrs. Buzuayehu. Mr. Reta has more seniority than Mr.
Gaddisa, but less than Mr. Mulugeta. Mr. Mulugeta doesn't
want the job. Who will be the new chairperson of the
department of Civics?

A.Mrs. Buzuyehu B.Mr. Mulugeta C.Mr. Reta

D.Mr. Gaddisa
Question: 125/125
In the following question two pairs of pictures are given. The first
pair is complete, and the second pair is incomplete. Out of the four
pictures given below select a picture that will complete the second
pair so that pictures in the second pair are related to each other in
the same way as the pictures in the first pair are related to each
other.

A. B. C. D.