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AME 60617 Bayesian Data Assimilation Homework 3: 1 Problem 1: Standard Kalman Filtering For A Linear Problem

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AME 60617 Bayesian Data Assimilation

Homework 3
Instructor: Dr. Jian-Xun Wang
Assistant Professor, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering

Note: Please upload your solution to each problem in your homework assignment as a single
PDF file to the appropriate assignment section. Use the following file naming convention: DA-
Lastname-FirstName-HW3.pdf. Source codes should also be attached.

1 Problem 1: Standard Kalman filtering for a linear problem


Let’s do the example that was showed in the class: object tracking problem. We track an object
moving in a 2D space with a sensor, which only monitor the object’s position in a Cartesian
coordinate x and y. For this system, the state will include position (x, y), velocity (ẋ, ẏ), and
acceleration (ẍ, ÿ). The forward model is a linear one with Gaussian noise,

xk = Axk−1 + q,

q ∼ N (0, Q)
where A and Q is given as,

 1 5 1 4 1 3 
20 ∆t 0 8 ∆t 0 6 ∆t 0
 0 1 5 1 4 1 3
1 4 20 ∆t 0 8 ∆t 0 6 ∆t 
 ∆t 1 3 1 2
8 0 3 ∆t 0 2 ∆t 0 
Q=
 0 1 4 1 3 1

2
 8 ∆t 0 3 ∆t 0 2 ∆t 
 1 ∆t3 0 1 2
6 2 ∆t 0 ∆t 0 
1 3 1 2
0 6 ∆t 0 2 ∆t 0 ∆t

1
where ∆t = 0.5 and q = 1.

1. Please generate synthetic data by using the forward model given above with the “ground
(T ruth)
truth” of x0 = [0, 0, 1, 0.6, 0.4, 0.8]T (corrupted with some Gaussian measurement noise.)

2. Use the synthetic data to perform Kalman fitering

3. Play with the measurement noise as we did in class.

Note: (1) you can start from x0 = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]T with state covariance P0 = diag([0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5]).
(2) Please show plots of filtered results compared with synthetic observation and ground truth.

2 Problem 2: Derive non-additive EKF


Please derive the Extended Kalman filter (non-additive form) algorithm (page 30 in Chapter5-1),
as what we did in class.

3 Problem 3: Extended Kalman filtering for a nonlinear problem


Let’s do another example I showed in the class: considering to track a simple nonlinear dynamic
system, a random sine signal (θ), where the angular velocity (ω) and the amplitude (a) can very
over time. So the state is x = (θk , ωk , ak )T . The evolution of the angle θ is modeled with a
discretized Wiener velocity model, which can be discretized as,

where q1 = 0.2, q2 = 0.1, and ∆t = 0.01


The nonlinearity is from the measurement model,

yk = h(xk , k) + rk = ak sin(θk ) + rk

and rk is a scalar Gaussian RV.

1. Please generate synthetic data by using the forward model given above with the “ground
(T ruth)
truth” of x0 = [0, 10, 1]T . (corrupted with some Gaussian measurement noise.)

2. Derive EKF for this problem (explicitly write out Jacobi, forecase, and update ...)

3. Use the synthetic data to perform Extended Kalman fitering

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4. Play with the measurement noise.

5. Play with q1 and q2 and see what happens.

Note: (1) you can start from x0 = [0, 10, 1]T with state covariance P0 = diag([3, 3, 3]). (2) Please
show plots of filtered results compared with synthetic observation and ground truth.

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