Vocabulary:

WH - QUESTION WORDS IN ENGLISH

WHO WHERE WHEN
Ask about person: Asking place or position: Asking about time:
Who is that woman? Where do you live? When can I see you?
Where are my boots? When did you last see him?
WHY WHAT HOW
Asking for an Asking for a specific thing: Asking for a way, form:
explanation: What’s the matter? How does it work?
Why are you late? What time is it? How do you go to school?
Why was he late?
WHICH HOW MANY HOW MUCH
Asking about choice: Asking about quantity, used Asking about quantity, used
Which is better exercise with countable nouns: with uncountable nouns:
– swimming or tennis? How many people were How much Coke did you
there? drink?
HOW OFTEN WHOM WHOSE
Asking about frequency: Asking about person, but Asking about possession:
How often do you go not about the main subject: Whose is this jacket?
swimming? Whom are you going to
invite to the party?

Choose the correct question words:

1. _______________ do you live? - I live in London.

2. _______________ 's that girl? - She's my sister.
3. _______________ do you go to school? - By bus.
4. _______________ do banks open? - At eight O'clock.
5. _______________ are you wearing that coat? - Because it's hot!

Write question about the words in bold.

Example: He drank juice. - What did he drink?

6. They went to Spain.

__________________________________________________________________
7. He writes novels.
__________________________________________________________________
8. Lacy likes soccer.
__________________________________________________________________
9. The girls watched a serial.
__________________________________________________________________

He discovered the truth.

_____________________________________________________________________
 Vocabulary:
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

Always
Usually 100 %
Frequently
Often
Sometimes 50 %
Occasionally
Rarely
Seldom
Hardly ever 0%
Never

1. USEFUL LANGUAGE:

How often do you…?

A) …take your dog for a walk?
B) …listen to music?
C) …go to the cinema?
D) …drink mate?
E) …make phone calls?
F) …send e-mails?
G) …do exercise?
H) …visit your grandparents?
I) …mow the lawn?
J) …watch English movies without subtitles?
K) …get up late?
L) …read a magazine / newspaper?
M) …take the bus?
N) …use a computer?
O) …go to a bar?
 Vocabulary
CARDINAL NUMBERS

1. USEFUL LANGUAGE:
A) How old are you?
_________________________________________________________________

B) What’s the number of your cellphone?

__________________________________________________________________
C) How many days are in a week?
__________________________________________________________________
D) How many days are in a month?
__________________________________________________________________
E) How many days are in a year?
__________________________________________________________________
 ORDINAL NUMBERS

Dates in English:

General Dates: General Years: ON / IN:

We write: 17th June 1989. 1900: Nineteen hundred;
We say: The seventeenth of 1905: nineteen hundred five; ON: for days and dates:
June, nineteen eighty-nine. 1910: __________________; We write: He was born on 2nd
1945___________________; march 1960.
1996: __________________; We say: He was born on the
Decades: 2nd of march nineteen sixty.
2000: Two thousand;
…the (1960s) ‘60s – the
2003: __________________;
(nineteen) sixties IN: for months, seasons,
2012: __________________;
…the (2000) ’00s – the years, decades, centuries:
2029: __________________;
thousands or the noughties Ex.: My birthday is in January;
He was born in 1960.
 Vocabulary
What time is it?
• The hours in English can be accompanied by some expressions of time, for
example:

✓ Day Today Yesterday Tomorrow

✓ Morning Afternoon Evening Night
✓ Tonight Midday At noon Midnight
✓ At midnight The day before yesterday The day after tomorrow

1. USEFUL LANGUAGE:
What time is it?
What is the time?
Asking the time: Have you got the time?
Do you have the time?
Could you tell me the time?
How to speak the time in English: To say the time in English, use “it is” or “it's” and the
corresponding numbers (hour and minute).
The expression “o’clock” is used to indicate the 3:00 – It is three o’clock.
exact time: 9:00 – It is nine o’clock.
The expression “past” is used to indicate the 6:20 – It is six twenty or It is twenty past six.
minutes before 30: 8:10 – It is eight ten or It is ten past eight.
The expression “a quarter” is used to indicate a 3:15 – It is three fifteen or It is a quarter past three.
quarter of an hour (15 minutes): 8:15 – It is eight fifteen or It is a quarter past eight.
The expression “half” is used to indicate half an 8:30 – It is eight thirty or It is eight a half.
hour (30 minutes): 8:31 – It’s eight thirty-one or It’s twenty-nine to 9.
After 30 minutes, instead of the expression “past”, 8:45 – It is eight forty-five or It is a quarter to nine.
we use the “to”: 8:50 – It is eight fifty or It is ten to nine.
 Pay Attention!

➢ We use the expressions a.m. and p.m. to indicate when English time
occurs before or after noon.

9:00 - It’s nine a.m. or It’s nine o’clock in the morning.

a.m. - before noon (It's nine in the morning.)
p.m. - after noon 10:00 - It’s ten p.m. or It’s ten o’clock in the evening.

Let’s practice:

1. Write the time in two possible ways:

10:55
01:50
10:15
02:45
04:30
10:00
08:25
11:30
09:18
03:42
05:29
07:37
08:11
06:57
02:40

2. See the timetable in the image and answer the corresponding cities below:

New York
Los Angeles
Melbourne
Kathmandu
Tokyo
Johannesburg
 Vocabulary
Comparative vs. Superlative

Comparative Adjectives Superlative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare Superlative adjectives are used to describe an object
the differences between the two objects: that is at the top or bottom of a quality:
My house is larger than hers. My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
This box is smaller than the one I lost. This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog. Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.

Grammar time:
Now, we will see the rules and exceptions for comparative and superlative
adjectives:

Syllables Adjective Comparative -ER Superlative -EST

One syllable Fast / Young Faster / Younger The fastest / The youngest
One syllable, ending in -E Nice / Late Nicer / Later The nicest / The latest
One syllable, ending in CVC Big / Hot Bigger / Hotter The biggest / The hottest
Two syllables, ending in -Y Happy / Crazy Happier / Crazier The happiest / The craziest
Two or more syllables Famous / More Famous / The most famous /
Beautiful More Beautiful The most beautiful
Common exceptions Good / Bad Better / Worse The best / The worst

How to write sentences using comparatives and superlatives adjectives?

Comparative form > Subject+ verb + comparative adjective + than + noun
(object)
Ex.: Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
Superlative form > Subject + verb + the + superlative adjective + noun (object)
Ex.: Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
 Let’s practice!

3. Complete the spaces with the correct comparative adjective:

1. My city is (old) than yours.

2. Jane is (tall) than Melissa.
3. Dogs are usually (heavy) than cats.
4. Watching a film in DVD is (cheap) than going to the theatre.
5. This brand of pastry is (good) than the brand I usually buy.
6. The book I'm reading is much (interesting) than all the books I've read in the past.
7. Italian is an (easy) language to learn than German.
8. Jake is (young) than his sister.

4. Complete the spaces with the correct superlative adjective:

a. Meet the 9 CEOs with ___________ reputations. (Conheça os 9 CEOs com a pior
reputação.) (the worst / the badest)

b. What’s _________ car in the world? (Qual é o carro mais rápido do mundo?) (the
faster / the fastest)

c. Watch _________ videos on YouTube. (Assista os videos mais populares do

YouTube.) (the more popular / the most popular)

d. These are__________ smartphones of 2014. (Estes são os

melhores smartphones de 2014.) (the goodest / the best)

e. London was considered _____________city to live in the world. (Londres foi

considerada a cidade mais cara do mundo para se viver.) (the more expensive /
the most expensive)

f. What are _________mistakes managers make? (Quais são os maiores erros que
gerentes cometem?) (the biggest / the most big)

g. It’s simply ______________ book I had to read. (É simplesmente o livro mais

chato que tive que ler.) (the most boring / the borinest)

h. Buy _______________ airline tickets online! (Compre as passagens aéreas mais

baratas online!) (the cheaper / the cheapest)
 Vocabulary

Grammar time:
How to use Modal Verbs:
CAN: Ability, request Ex.: Julie can swim.
Can I come with you?
COULD: Past ability, suggestion, future Ex.: Could I use your phone, please?
possibility Julie could swim when she was 13.
MUST / HAVE TO: Necessity, obligation Ex.: You must have an identify proof to
enter in the room.
SHOULD: Advice, uncertain prediction Ex.: You should check it again.
He should give her a call.
WOULD: Request, invitation, make Ex.: Would you pass the pizza?
arrangements Would you prefer coffee or tea?
WILL: Willingness, certain prediction or Ex.: I will go to New York.
promise It will rain today.
SHALL: Offer or suggestion Ex.: Shall I help you?
Shall I call her?

Let’s practice:
1. Choose the alternative that correctly fills each of the sentences below:
1) I did everything that I ______, but we 2) You ______ take this job. It’s perfect for
lost the match. you!
a) can a) should
b) can’t b) can’t
c) may c) can
d) could d) shouldn’t
3) I wish I ______ buy this new car, but it’s 4) If I had your number, I _____ call you
only a distant dream. tomorrow.
a) might a) can
b) shall b) should
c) can c) would
d) could d) can’t
 2. Choose the best alternative for each of the questions below:
How would you talk to your friend to ask for help with homework?

1. a)Could you help me with my homework?

2. b)Can you help me with my homework?
3. c)Should you help me with my homework?
4. d)Would you help me with my homework?

Imagine that you are in class and need to ask to go to the bathroom. What is the best
option?

1. a)Can I go to the toilet, please?

2. b)Could I go to the toilet, please?
3. c)May I go to the toilet, please?
4. d)Would I go to the toilet, please?

Vocabulary:
HAVE YOU EVER…?
1. Look at the pictures bellow and talk to your teacher:

Have you ever had an informal Have you ever argued with Have you ever been trained by
conversation with your boss? your boss? your boss?

Possible answers:

I’ve already had an informal I’ve already argued with my I've already been trained by
conversation with my boss. boss. my boss.
I've never had an informal I've never argued with my I've never been trained by
conversation with my boss. boss. my boss.

Have you ever been abroad? _____________________________________________

Have you ever been to Bahia? ____________________________________________

Have you ever talked to some English native? ________________________________

Have you ever broken a leg? ______________________________________________

Have you ever seen horror movies? ________________________________________

Have you ever eaten Japanese Food? ______________________________________

 Vocabulary
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense expresses the completion of the action or task of the present.

Subject + have/has + verb (3rd column)

Affirmative form He has written an essay.

Subject + have/has + NOT + verb (3rd column)

Negative form He has not written an essay.

Have/has + subject + verb ((3rd column)

Question form Has he written an essay?

USAGE EXAMPLE
How long: I’ve been at work for six hours.
The work that has recently completed: He has just cooked the meal.
Time period that has not finished: She has drunk two cups of tea today.
To describe the specific moment of time: We have lived in this house since 2015.

Let’s practice:
1. Make the positive present perfect:
A. I / study / French.
_____________________________________________________________________
B. She / eat / octopus.
_____________________________________________________________________
C. They / go / to Scotland.
_____________________________________________________________________
D. We / read / that book.
_____________________________________________________________________
E. He / live / here / for three years.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Make the negative present perfect:
A. We / not / go / to Paris.
_____________________________________________________________________
B. She / not / see / The Lord of the Rings.
_____________________________________________________________________
C. He / not / meet / my mother.
_____________________________________________________________________
D. They / not / visit / St. Paul’s.
_____________________________________________________________________
 E. I / not / know / him for three months.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Make present perfect ‘yes / no’ or ‘wh’ questions:
A. You / read / War and Peace?
_____________________________________________________________________
B. She / be / late for a meeting?
_____________________________________________________________________
C. He / meet / your family yet?
_____________________________________________________________________
D. They / live / here as long as we have?
_____________________________________________________________________
E. You / go / to Australia?
_____________________________________________________________________

Vocabulary
Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous (also called present perfect progressive) is a verb
tense which is used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to
the present moment.
Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing
Affirmative form He has been walking.

Subject + have/has + NOT + been + verb-ing

Negative form He has not been walking.

Have/has + subject + been + verb-ing

Question form Has he been walking?

USAGE EXAMPLE
I've been living in London for two years.
How long (unfinished): Use with: since 2010, since July, for ten years, for three
days.
I've been going to the gym a lot recently.
Temporary situations (unfinished): Use with: recently

I've been working (that's why I'm tired).

Present result (finished):
Let’s practice:

3. Make the positive present perfect continuous:

A. She ________________________ (work) here for five years.
B. I ________________________ (study) all day.
C. You ________________________ (eat) a lot recently.
D. We ________________________ (live) in London for six months.
E. He ________________________ (play) football, so he’s tired.
F. They ________________________ (learn) English for two years.
G. I ________________________ (cook) so I’m really hot.
H. She ________________________ (go) to the cinema every weekend for years.
I. It ________________________ (rain) the pavement is wet.
4. Make the negative present perfect continuous:
A. I ________________________ (not / work) today.
B. You ________________________ (not / eat) well recently.
C. We ________________________ (not / exercise) enough.
D. She ________________________ (not / study).
E. They ________________________ (not / live) here for very long.
F. It ________________________ (not / snow).
G. He ________________________ (not / play) football for five years.
H. We ________________________ (not drink) enough water – that’s why we feel bad.
I. I ________________________ (not / sleep) I was reading.

5. Make the interrogative present perfect continuous:

A. ________________________ (she / run) much recently?
B. ________________________ (it / rain)?
C. ________________________ (he / work) today?
D. ________________________ (I / talk) a lot?
E. ________________________ (we / eat) too much?
F. ________________________ (they / live) for a long time?
G. ________________________ (I / do) too much recently.
H. ________________________ (we / go out) with each other for three years already?
I. How long ________________________ (you / study) Japanese?