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‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪4‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﯽ‬

‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺨﭽﻪﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺩ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﺩ)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪.(4.1‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺎﯾﯿﺪﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‪/‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻋﻨﮑﺒﻮﺗﯿﻪ ‪ -‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ "ﺭﻋﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ"‬

‫ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺩﺭ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﯾﯽﺷﺨﺼﯽ "ﻟﮕﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﺵ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ"‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺘﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻋﻨﮑﺒﻮﺗﯿﻪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺭﮊﺍﻧﺲﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺏ ﻋﻨﮑﺒﻮﺗﯿﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﭘﺎﺭﮔﯽ ﺁﻧﻮﺭﯾﺴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﻧﻮﺭﯾﺴﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﯿﻪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼﺍﯾﺴﮑﻤﯿﮏ ﻗﻠﺒﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺳﯿﮕﺎﺭ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻥ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺭﮒ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻮﺭﯾﺴﻢﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﭘﻠﯽ ﮐﯿﺴﺘﯿﮏ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽﺁﻧﻮﺭﯾﺴﻢ ﻣﻐﺰﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼﺯﯾﺮ ﻋﻨﮑﺒﻮﺗﯿﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫© ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﯼ ‪Nature Switzerland AG 2023‬‬

‫‪Springer‬‬
‫ﮎ‪.‬ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﺎﻧﯽ‪،‬ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺨﭽﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ‪،‬‬
‫‪https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29897-4_4‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ .4‬ﻋﺼﺒﯽ‬ ‫‪36‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ 4.1‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﯾﺪ‬
‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﻋﺮﻭﻗﯽ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺧﻮﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻨﮋﯾﺖ‪/‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼ‪/‬‬
‫ﺁﺭﺗﺮﯾﺖﮔﻠﻮﮐﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺴﻔﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺏﻋﻨﮑﺒﻮﺗﯿﻪ‬
‫)ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﻭﯾﺮﻭﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﺮﯾﺰﯼ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﯾﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻔﻮﻻﻧﺰﺍﻭ ﮐﻮﻭﯾﺪ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﻔﯿﻒ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ(‬

‫‪.2‬ﻣﻨﻨﮋﯾﺖ ‪ -‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﻐﺰ )ﻣﻨﻨﮋﻫﺎ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﻓﻮﺑﯿﺎ)ﻧﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ( ﻭ ﺳﻔﺘﯽ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻨﻨﮋﯾﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﯾﺴﺮﯾﺎ ﻣﻨﻨﮋﯾﺘﯿﺪﯾﺲ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ "ﺳﭙﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺳﻤﯽﻣﻨﻨﮕﻮﮐﻮﮐﯽ" ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺜﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺳﻔﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻨﮋﯾﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻨﮋﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏﻫﺎﯼ ‪ IV‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺁﻧﺴﻔﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻐﺰﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺐ ﻭ ﮔﯿﺠﯽ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺍﻭﺭﮊﺍﻧﺲ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.4‬ﮔﻠﻮﮐﻮﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺘﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉﮔﻠﻮﮐﻮﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ -‬ﮔﻠﻮﮐﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﮐﻮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﯾﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻡﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺩﻧﺎﮎ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﯾﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺩﯾﺪﻥ ﻫﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﮑﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.5‬ﺁﺭﺗﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﮑﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺷﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﺳﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮﯾﺎﻥ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ‬
‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺁﺭﺗﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ "ﻟﻨﮕﺶ ﻓﮏ" ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻓﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺭﺗﺮﯾﺖﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﺰﺩﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻟﮋﯼ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻤﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﯽ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺩ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻟﮕﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺭﺗﺮﯾﺖﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻭﺋﯿﺪﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪AL Grawany‬‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ‬

‫‪.6‬ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻧﮑﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺧﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼﻣﮑﺮﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺰﻣﻦ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪(4.2‬‬

‫ﻟﯿﺎﯾﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ‪ 45‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﭘﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻟﮋﯼ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻮﮎ ﺷﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﻧﯽ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺩﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺸﻢ ﭼﭗ ﻭ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ‪ A+E‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﺗﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﻤﭙﻮﺭﺍﻝ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺴﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻮﮎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺﭘﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻟﮋﯾﺎ ﺭﻭﺁﻣﺘﯿﮑﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ًﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﯾﮏ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖﺗﻬﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻓﺘﻮﻓﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﮏ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺑﮑﺸﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﺼﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﯾﺪﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺯﯾﮕﺰﺍﮒ‬
‫‪-‬ﻟﻤﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫)ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺹﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺳﮑﺘﻪ ﻣﻐﺰﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ 4.2‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺷﺎﯾﻊ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﺗﻨﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥ‬

‫ﺑﯽﺩﺭﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﯼ‬

‫ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻀﺎ‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪ .4‬ﻋﺼﺒﯽ‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﯿﺰﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫– ﺍﻟﮑﻞ‬
‫‪-‬ﭘﻨﯿﺮ‬
‫‪-‬ﺷﮑﻼﺕ‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫‪-‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪﮔﯽ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﯿﮕﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 2‬ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪﯾﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﯼ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﻋﻮﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺲﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻋﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻓﻪﻭ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﯼﺍﺷﮑﯽ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺏ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﯾﻨﻪ‪،‬ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺳﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﮑﻮﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪.3‬ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﺸﯽ ‪ -‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﯼﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.4‬ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺑﯽ ﺩﺭﺩﯼ ‪ -‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺸﯽ‪،‬ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺪﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺷﺖﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪.5‬ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻀﺎ‪ :‬ﺿﺎﯾﻌﻪ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺰﯼﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺪﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺐ ﺑﯿﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﺼﺮﯼ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﻫﺎﯼﻗﺮﻣﺰﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺩﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻣﻦﭘﺮﺳﯿﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻤﺠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪AL Grawany‬‬