Final Requirements Activities in Field Methods RGB

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY
School of Psychology
2600 Legarda St., Sampaloc, Manila
Tel. 734-7371 loc. 210
www.arellano.edu.ph
ACTIVITIES FOR
FIELD METHODS
SUBMITTED BY:
Alferez, Inah R.
Arbiol, Giselle B.
Sacdalan, Nathalie G.
SUBMITTED TO:
Paulo Manuel L. Macapagal, Ph.D, RPm, RPsy

ACTIVITY 1
RESEARCH TOPIC MATRICES
INSTRUCTION: Complete these research title matrices according to your research topic of
interest.
MATRIX 1
TITLE “Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love: Exploring
Age-Related Variances in Couple Relationship Experiences”
VARIABLES I.V
(Age-related variances)
D.V
 Perception
 Experiences
 Attachment Styles
 Trust
 Physical Intimacy
 Emotional Intimacy
 Quality Time
 Conflict Resolution
 Satisfaction
 Communication
PURPOSE OF THE The purpose of the study titled "Generational Perspectives on

STUDY Long-Distance Love: Exploring Age-Related Variances in
Couple Relationship Experiences" is to investigate and
understand how individuals from different age groups perceive
and experience various aspects of long-distance romantic
relationships. The primary goal is to explore the impact of age-
related variances on key elements that contribute to the overall
dynamics of these relationships.
TARGET RESPONDENTS Young age, middle age, old age, couples (any status)
TOOLS Open-Ended Surveys
GENERAL METHOD Qualitative Method
(Quanti, Quali, Mixed)
LITERATURE BASIS In the context of an increasingly prevalent phenomenon of
romantic long-distance relationships (LDRs), this study by
Jennifer M. Belus et al. (2018) addresses the unique challenges
faced by couples separated by distance. Focusing on relationship
maintenance behaviors (RMBs), the research explores how
efforts made by LDR partners to stay engaged may impact both
relationship satisfaction and individual well-being. The study,
involving 87 adults in LDRs, reveals that certain RMBs predict
relationship satisfaction, with some behaviors showing negative
associations. Additionally, the research establishes that
relationship satisfaction serves as a mediator, influencing the
connection between RMBs and individual functioning. This
study contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of long-
distance relationships, shedding light on the complex interplay
between relationship maintenance efforts, satisfaction, and
individual well-being.
MATRIX 2
TITLE “Proximity Dynamics: Geographical Influence on Friendship
Dynamics”
VARIABLES I.V
(Geographical proximity)
D.V
 Social support
 Interpersonal dynamics
 Duration
 Culture
 Communication
 Trust
 Conflict Resolution
 Emotional Support
 Time
 Satisfaction
PURPOSE OF THE The study seeks to uncover how physical distance influences
STUDY the quality and nature of friendships across these dimensions.
Understanding the intricate relationship between geographical
proximity and the variables that define friendship dynamics can
contribute to a deeper comprehension of the challenges and
strengths inherent in friendships spanning different distances.
This research has the potential to inform not only our theoretical
understanding of proximity dynamics in friendships but also
practical insights for individuals seeking to maintain and nurture
meaningful connections in diverse geographical contexts.
TARGET RESPONDENTS Individuals who have friendships primarily within their local
community or neighborhood in Metro Manila.
TOOLS Open-ended Surveys
GENERAL METHOD Mixed-methods
LITERATURE BASIS In their study published on August 11, 2021, Julia M. Rohrer,
Tamás Keller, and Felix Elwert explore the impact of a large-
scale field experiment designed to examine whether outside
interventions can promote socio-culturally diverse friendships
among students. The researchers randomized seating
arrangements in 182 3rd through 8th-grade classrooms,
involving 2,966 students, over one semester. The results
indicated that simply seating students next to each other
increased the likelihood of mutual friendships from 15% to
22%. Interestingly, induced proximity had an equal effect on the
latent propensity for friendship across diverse student groups,
regardless of educational achievement, gender, or ethnicity.
However, the probability of manifest friendships increased more
among similar students, particularly driven by gender dynamics.
The findings suggest that light-touch interventions can
positively influence face-to-face networks and encourage
diverse friendships, but challenges, particularly related to
breaking gender-based boundaries, persist.
MATRIX 3
TITLE “Gender Dynamics: Examining the relationship between body count
and self-esteem”
VARIABLES I.V
(Gender, body count)
D.V
 Self-esteem
 Sexual Experiences
 Body Image
 Support Systems
 Social Influences
 Stigma and Judgment
 Emotional Well-being
 Social Comparison
 Culture
 Sexual Satisfaction
PURPOSE OF THE To investigate and analyze how gender influences the

STUDY connection between an individual's sexual history (body count)
and their self-esteem. The research aims to provide insights into
potential disparities between genders in the way sexual
experiences impact self-esteem, contributing valuable
knowledge to the understanding of psychological well-being in
the context of intimate relationships.
TARGET RESPONDENTS Men and Women that involved in intimate relationships

TOOLS Close-ended Survey
GENERAL METHOD Quantitative Research
LITERATURE BASIS In this insightful commentary by Maryam Sadr, dated March

15, 2023, the author explores the deeply ingrained double
standards related to sexual behavior within societies. The piece
highlights the disparity in societal perceptions of men and
women based on their "body counts" or the number of sexual
partners they have. Sadr emphasizes how men with a higher
number of sexual partners are often praised and seen as
successful, while women engaging in similar behavior face
harsh judgment and negative societal attitudes, reinforcing
gender norms and perpetuating a damaging cycle. The author
underscores the role of media, including influential figures like
Andrew Tate, in shaping and perpetuating these norms. Sadr
argues that such double standards contribute to the sexualization
and discrimination of women while also subjecting men to
undue pressure and stress. The commentary encourages readers
to reflect on their own participation in these stereotypes and
calls for collective efforts to challenge and dismantle these
deeply rooted societal norms.
MATRIX 4
TITLE “Friendship, Sex, and Emotional Well-being: An Investigation into
Casual Intimacy”
VARIABLES I.V
(Casual Sexual Relationship/friendship)
D.V
 Emotional well-being
 Communication pattern
 Attachment styles
 Satisfaction about the relationship
 Boundaries
 Expectations
 Conflicts
 Motivation
 Quality of friendship
 Personal Beliefs
PURPOSE OF THE To examine the interplay between friendship, casual sexual

STUDY relationships, and emotional well-being. The research aims to
understand how engaging in sexual activities within the context of
friendship may impact individuals emotionally. This investigation
may explore factors such as communication, satisfaction, and
attachment within these relationships, shedding light on the broader
psychological implications of friend-based casual intimacy.
TARGET RESPONDENTS Aged 18 and above; individuals who engaged in sexual intimacy with
their friends
TOOLS Close-ended Survey and Interview
GENERAL METHOD Mixed methods
LITERATURE BASIS According to Byron's study (2016), this research delves into the
impact of young people's friendships on safer sexual practices,
utilizing thematic discourse analysis. Through interviews with
Sydney-based individuals aged 18–25 and an examination of
Australian sexual health websites, the findings reveal that friendships
play a crucial role in supporting young people's sexual experiences,
concerns, and safety, extending beyond the conventional focus on
'safe sex' practices like condom use. Byron draws on Foucault's
concept of friendship as a space of self-invention and contends that
despite its significance, friendship is overlooked in the discourse of
sexual health websites, hindering a more holistic understanding of
young people's sexual cultures. The paper advocates for increased
attention to friendship in sexual health research and promotion efforts,
asserting that such focus could enhance engagement with
contemporary sexual cultures and inform strategies, particularly
through social media.
ACTIVITY 2
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Draft
Write-Up
The purpose of the study titled "Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love:

Exploring Age-Related Variances in Couple Relationship Experiences" is to investigate and
understand how individuals from different age groups perceive and experience various aspects of
long-distance romantic relationships. The primary goal is to explore the impact of age-related
variances on key elements that contribute to the overall dynamics of these relationships.
Theoretical Framework
Rewards
Social
Relationship
Satisfaction Exchange Cost
Theory
Reciprocity
The research adopts the Social Exchange Theory (SET) as its guiding theoretical
framework, drawing from sociology and economics. SET asserts that individuals engage in
relationships by strategically assessing rewards and costs, aiming to maximize benefits and
minimize drawbacks in social interactions. This theory proves instrumental in examining how
individuals from diverse generations navigate the complexities of long-distance romantic
relationships. SET facilitates the examination of perceived rewards, such as emotional connection
and companionship, as well as costs like limited physical presence and communication challenges
within the context of these relationships. Emphasizing the dynamic nature of relationships, the
theory underscores reciprocity, highlighting the significance of each partner's contributions in
influencing overall relationship satisfaction. This approach provides a structured lens for
understanding the intricacies of long-distance relationships across different age groups,
contributing to a comprehensive exploration of the subject.
Social Exchange Theory is suitable for this research as it provides a systematic framework
to analyze the age-related variances in long-distance relationships. The theory's emphasis on the
rational calculation of rewards and costs aligns with the study's objective of exploring how
different age groups assess and prioritize elements within such relationships. Moreover, by
adopting SET, the study contributes to filling gaps in the literature by providing a structured
approach to understanding the intricacies of long-distance romantic relationships across
generations, thereby offering a solid foundation for the research.
Conceptual Framework:
Input Process Output

I.V Qualitative Methods Insights into the nuanced dynamics
(Age-related variances) (Opend-ended Survey) of long-distance romantic
relationships across different age
D.V groups, revealing patterns and
 Perception variations in perception,
 Experiences experiences, attachment styles, trust,
 Attachment Styles physical and emotional intimacy,
 Trust quality time, conflict resolution
 Physical Intimacy strategies, satisfaction levels, and
 Emotional Intimacy communication styles. The
 Quality Time qualitative data gathered through
 Conflict Resolution open-ended surveys will contribute
 Satisfaction to a deeper understanding of how
 Communication age-related factors influence these
variables and shape generational
perspectives on long-distance love.
The relationships within the conceptual framework are based on the assumption that age-
related variances influence the dependent variables in long-distance romantic relationships. It is
hypothesized that different age groups may exhibit diverse perceptions, experiences, attachment
styles, levels of trust, approaches to physical and emotional intimacy, preferences for quality
time, strategies for conflict resolution, levels of satisfaction, and styles of communication.
This conceptual framework is suitable for the research as it provides a structured guide
for investigating the nuanced dynamics of long-distance romantic relationships across various
age groups. By operationalizing key concepts into measurable variables and outlining their
hypothesized relationships, the framework facilitates systematic data collection and analysis. It
contributes to filling gaps in the existing literature by offering a comprehensive approach to
understanding how age-related factors shape generational perspectives on long-distance love.
The integration of a qualitative method, specifically open-ended surveys, aligns with the
exploratory nature of the study, allowing for in-depth insights that enrich the understanding of
the identified variables. Overall, this framework establishes a solid foundation for empirical
investigation and contributes to advancing knowledge in the field.
ACTIVITY 2
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Draft
Write-Up
The study seeks to uncover how physical distance influences the quality and nature of
friendships across these dimensions. Understanding the intricate relationship between
geographical proximity and the variables that define friendship dynamics can contribute to a
deeper comprehension of the challenges and strengths inherent in friendships spanning different
distances. This research has the potential to inform not only our theoretical understanding of
proximity dynamics in friendships but also practical insights for individuals seeking to maintain
and nurture meaningful connections in diverse geographical contexts.
Spatial
Distance
Proximity
Theory
Shared Social
Experience Relationship
Proximity theory and encompassing spatial distance, shared experiences, and social
relationships, are well-suited for this research for several reasons. Firstly, while existing literature
recognizes the importance of geographical proximity in forming relationships, there's a notable
lack of comprehensive studies that integrate spatial distance, shared experiences, and social
relationships into a unified framework. By weaving these elements together, the research aims to
offer a complete understanding of how physical closeness influences social dynamics, filling a
critical gap in the current body of literature.
Additionally, the theoretical foundation aligns with contemporary societal changes, such
as the increasing reliance on digital communication. Addressing how spatial proximity interacts
with shared experiences in the context of evolving social relationships is crucial to adapting
theories to the modern landscape. In essence, these frameworks not only bridge existing gaps in the
literature but also provide a strong foundation for the study, enabling a thorough exploration of the
complex facets of proximity dynamics in social relationships.

I.V Mixed Methods The study's results unveiled a
(Geographical proximity) (Open-ended Survey) connection between how close
friends live and various aspects of
D.V their relationships. When friends are
 Social support physically closer, it tends to boost
 Interpersonal dynamics social support, deepen how they
 Duration interact, extend the duration of their
friendships, and introduce cultural
 Culture
influences. Communication between
 Communication
friends improves, trust levels rise,
 Trust and conflicts are resolved more
 Conflict Resolution effectively. Emotional support is
 Emotional Support heightened, friends invest more time
 Time in their relationships, and overall
 Satisfaction satisfaction is increased. The mixed
methods approach, involving open-
ended surveys, allowed for a
detailed understanding of how living
nearby shapes the intricate nature of
friendships, offering insights into
relationships across different spatial
settings.
The conceptual framework operationalizes the key concepts identified in the theoretical
framework, primarily focusing on the independent variable (I.V) of "Geographical Proximity"
and the dependent variables (D.V) encompassing social support, interpersonal dynamics,
duration, culture, communication, trust, conflict resolution, emotional support, time, and
satisfaction. Each dependent variable represents a facet of friendship dynamics influenced by the
geographical proximity of close friends.
This conceptual framework is suitable for the research as it provides a systematic and
comprehensive structure for investigating the impact of geographical proximity on various
aspects of friendship dynamics. By defining clear relationships between the independent and
dependent variables, it guides the data collection and analysis process. The framework
contributes to filling gaps in existing literature by offering a detailed exploration of the
multifaceted connections between geographical proximity and friendship dynamics. It provides a
solid foundation for the study, facilitating a nuanced understanding of how living nearby shapes
the intricate nature of friendships across different spatial settings.
ACTIVITY 2
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Draft Write-Up
To investigate and analyze how gender influences the connection between an individual's sexual history
(body count) and their self-esteem. The research aims to provide insights into potential disparities between
genders in the way sexual experiences impact self-esteem, contributing valuable knowledge to the
understanding of psychological well-being in the context of intimate relationships.
Social
Comparison
Social
Identity
Theory
Social Social
Context Identity
This study explores the relationship between body count and self-esteem within the context of
gender dynamics, guided by the Social Identity Theory (SIT). The framework incorporates key elements of
Social Comparison, Social Context, and Social Identity to untangle the complex interplay between
individuals' self-perceptions, their social environment, and gender-specific dynamics impacting self-
esteem in relation to sexual experiences. Social Identity Theory suggests that people categorize themselves
and others into social groups, forming a sense of identity based on these affiliations. Within this study, the
theory is applied to analyze the connection between body count (a measure of sexual experiences) and
self-esteem, with a focus on how individuals make social comparisons within the intricate context of
gender dynamics.
Social Identity Theory is chosen for its suitability in providing a strong theoretical foundation for
examining the nuanced relationship between body count and self-esteem within gender dynamics.
Integrating Social Comparison, Social Context, and Social Identity, this framework addresses gaps in
existing literature by offering insights into how individuals derive self-esteem from their sexual
experiences concerning gender roles and societal expectations. By providing a comprehensive lens, the
theory allows for an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted dynamics influencing self-esteem in the
context of individuals' sexual histories and gender identities.
Conceptual Framework

I.V Quantitative Method The output would likely
(Gender, body count) (Close-ended Survey) involve identifying patterns,
correlations, and potential
D.V
 Self-esteem
influences of these variables
 Sexual Experiences on individuals' self-esteem in
 Body Image terms of body count within the
 Support Systems context of gender dynamics.
 Social Influences The findings could contribute
 Stigma and Judgment to a better understanding of
 Emotional Well-being the complex interplay between
 Social Comparison these factors.
 Culture
 Sexual Satisfaction
The conceptual framework of this study breaks down the essential elements into two main
categories: independent variables (I.V) — namely, "Gender" and "Body Count," and dependent
variables (D.V) — which include self-esteem, sexual experiences, body image, support systems,
social influences, stigma and judgment, emotional well-being, social comparison, culture, and
sexual satisfaction. Each of these variables serves as a puzzle piece in unraveling the intricate
connection between gender dynamics, body count, and self-esteem. This structured framework
guides the study's exploration, allowing for a systematic investigation into how gender and body
count collectively shape various aspects of individuals' well-being and experiences.
The suitability of this conceptual framework lies in its organized approach to probing the
nuanced relationship between gender dynamics, body count, and self-esteem. By clearly defining
the relationships between independent and dependent variables, the framework serves as a
roadmap for the quantitative survey methodology used in data collection and analysis. Notably,
this structured approach addresses gaps in existing literature by providing a thorough exploration
of the interplay between gender and body count, shedding light on their combined influence on
different dimensions of individuals' lives. In essence, this framework establishes a robust
foundation for the study, offering a detailed and nuanced understanding of the dynamics
surrounding self-esteem within the context of gender and sexual experiences.
ACTIVITY 2
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Draft Write-Up
Theoretical Framework:
Siimilar
Interest
SociaL
Exchange
Theory
Sense of
Values
Belonging
The research is guided by Social Exchange Theory, a framework that underscores the reciprocity
and mutual benefits inherent in social interactions. Specifically tailored for the study titled "Friendship,
Sex, and Emotional Well-being: An Investigation into Casual Intimacy," this theory is employed to
unravel the complexities of casual intimacy within friendships. It posits that individuals engage in these
experiences anticipating shared interests, values, and a sense of belonging, forming the bedrock for
understanding how casual intimacy unfolds within the dynamics of friendship.
Emphasizing the anticipation of mutual benefits and shared interests, Social Exchange Theory
sheds light on the exchange of resources, emotional support, and the fulfillment of common values
inherent in casual intimacy. The structured framework seamlessly aligns with the study's focus on
friendship, sex, and emotional well-being, addressing gaps in existing literature by providing a
comprehensive perspective on the motivations and outcomes of casual intimacy within friendships.
Overall, Social Exchange Theory establishes a robust foundation for the research, offering valuable
insights into the interplay between friendship dynamics, casual intimacy, and emotional well-being in an
accessible and comprehensible manner.

I.V Mixed Method Results may highlight
(Casual Sexual (Close-ended Survey) correlations, trends, or factors
Relationship/friendship)
influencing the dynamics of
D.V friendships with casual
 Emotional well-being intimacy.
 Communication pattern
 Attachment styles
 Satisfaction about the
relationship
 Boundaries
 Expectations
 Conflicts
 Motivation
 Quality of friendship
 Personal Beliefs
The conceptual framework operationalizes the key concepts identified in the theoretical
framework, centering on the independent variable (I.V) of "Casual Sexual
Relationship/Friendship" and the dependent variables (D.V) including emotional well-being,
communication pattern, attachment styles, satisfaction about the relationship, boundaries,
expectations, conflicts, motivation, quality of friendship, and personal beliefs. Each dependent
variable represents a critical aspect of the dynamics within friendships that involve casual
intimacy.
This conceptual framework is suitable for the research as it provides a structured approach to
examining the intricate dynamics of friendships involving casual intimacy. By defining clear
relationships between the independent and dependent variables, it guides the data collection and
analysis process. The framework contributes to filling gaps in existing literature by offering a
nuanced exploration of the various factors influencing emotional well-being and relationship
quality within the context of casual intimacy. It provides a solid foundation for the study, allowing
for a comprehensive investigation into the multifaceted nature of friendships that intertwine with
casual intimacy.
ACTIVITY 3
THE RRL MATRIX
INSTRUCTION: Construct a well-rounded synthesis of literatures by filling up this RRL Matrix. To do this, select any variables per row
(a minimum of 10) and find one literature per variable, then fill-up the matrix.
VARIABLES APA 7TH RESEARCH THEORETICAL/ METHODOLOGY ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS GAPS/
EDITION QUESTION(S)/ CONCEPTUAL RESULTS LIMITATIONS
REFEREN HYPOTHESIS FRAMEWORK
CE
Perceptions Maucione, K. RQ1: What factors Social Exchange The study The "Perceptions of The study's The study's
(2023). into young adults’ Theory serves as a investigated perceptions Long Distance findings suggest that limitations include a
Perceptions of perceptions and valuable theoretical of long-distance Relationships" study negative perceptions sample bias, as
Long Distance attitudes toward framework for relationships among 311 revealed that attitudes of long-distance participants were
Relationships. long-distance examining diverse undergraduate toward long-distance romantic primarily college
Western relationships? individuals' attitudes students at a romantic relationships relationships students from
Michigan towards long- Midwestern university. (LDRRs) were (LDRRs) primarily Western Michigan
University. RQ2: How is distance Participants, recruited predominantly stem from University's School
technology relationships through an online influenced by observations and of Communication,
involved in (LDRRs) by survey, shared insights observation (33%), media influences, leading to a lack of
predispositions of analyzing the on current and ideal opinions of others particularly TV diversity. The
long-distance perceived costs and relationships, as well as (23%), personal shows and movies, survey's focus on
relationships? rewards inherent in the impact of experience (23%), and compounded by heterosexual and
such relationships. technology and media portrayals (21%). concerns about a Caucasian
The conceptual COVID-19. Following a Among the participants, lack of physical participants also
framework derived pilot study and IRB approximately half were intimacy. These limited the
from Social approval, data were in relationships, with sources contribute to generalizability of
Exchange Theory collected over 10 25% engaged in long- a dichotomy the findings.
enables a structured months through a distance relationships between those who Additionally, the
exploration of mixed-methods online and 18% in partially perceive LDRRs as inclusion of certain
factors influencing survey. Themes from long-distance situations. successful and those open-ended
perceptions, open-ended questions Notably, none who believe they are questions may have
including the highlighted factors such considered long- inherently destined caused respondent
observed benefits as the desire for distance relationships as to fail. Despite the fatigue, and the
and challenges physical intimacy, ideal, while 90% prevailing stigma, study's broad scope
within LDRRs. observations, past expressed a preference many young adults suggests a need for
experiences, and media for geographically close are still opting for more focused
influences, with relationships. The long-distance research on topics
intercoder reliability majority (96%) relationships, such as sexual
ensuring consistency in perceived monogamy as highlighting the intimacy in long-
qualitative analysis. ideal, and for nuanced and distance
relationship complex nature of relationships and
maintenance, texting these relationships in the impact of the
emerged as the the context of COVID-19
predominant modern technology. pandemic on such
communication method. relationships.
Communication Hillard, T. RQ1: How does The study This study utilized a The study examined In conclusion, This study on
(2017). Keeping the use and "Keeping Love cross-sectional survey the frequency of this research long-distance dating
Love Alive: frequency of Alive" employs with 126 participants communication modes provides a bit of relationships
Communication different modes of interdependence involved in long- among participants in clarity into the world (LDDRs) has
Modes, communication theory to analyze distance dating long-distance dating of communication limitations that
Relational affect relational behaviors in long- relationships (LDDRs). relationships (LDDRs). within LDDRs. As point to areas for
Satisfaction and satisfaction in distance dating The survey focused on Text messaging was the technology future research. The
Communication long-distance relationships communication modes, most frequently used continues to sample lacked
Satisfaction in dating (LDDRs). relationship satisfaction, mode, with 69.8% advance, individuals diversity, with a
Long-Distance relationships? Influenced by Kelley and communication communicating multiple begin to have a majority of
Dating and Thibaut, the satisfaction. times per day. greater desire for participants being
Relationships. RQ2: How does research, guided by Participants, recruited Convenience was convenient female, Caucasian,
Honors College the use and Stephen, suggests through convenience identified as the greatest communication and within the 18-
Capstone frequency of that LDDR couples sampling, completed the advantage of their rather than more rich 22 age range.
Experience/The different modes of adapt to survey voluntarily and chosen communication or satisfying forms. Future research
sis Projects, communication communication anonymously online. mode (60.5%). As our world should aim for a
Paper 674. affect overall constraints by The data analysis Regarding relational becomes more more inclusive
Western communication focusing on love, involved correlation satisfaction, more connected, we must sample, including
Kentucky satisfaction in intimacy, and techniques to explore frequent use of text continue to older and ethnically
University. long-distance relational issues, the relationship between messaging, face-to-face investigate how diverse individuals,
dating potentially distorting the frequency of (FtF) communication, long-distance as well as a larger
relationships? perceptions of communication modes and phone calls communication can and more balanced
relational quality. and both relational positively correlated be as effective as representation of
The conceptual satisfaction and with higher relational possible in male participants.
framework communication satisfaction, while maintaining Additionally, the
integrates satisfaction. increased use of social relationships and study assumes the
interdependence Additionally, open- media was negatively meeting the various impact of
theory and Stafford's ended questions were correlated. For needs of indiviudals. idealization on
survey data, coded and analyzed for communication results without
emphasizing the variables related to satisfaction, contrary to directly addressing
impact of advantages and the hypothesis, more it in data analysis,
communication disadvantages of the frequent phone calls highlighting the
constraints on most frequently used were significantly need for further
LDDR couples and communication mode. associated with higher research to
underscoring the satisfaction. See Table 2 comprehensively
need to explore for a summary of understand how
communication correlation results. idealization
modes, relational influences
satisfaction, and communication
communication modes in LDDRs.
satisfaction for a
comprehensive
understanding of
LDDR dynamics.
Truts & Joshi A. (2021). H1: Couples in The study The study included The study reveals a In conclusion, The study
Satisfaction Does The Long-distance employs Sternberg's 100 young adults, with strong positive long-distance acknowledges
Physical romantic Triangular Theory of 50 participants each in correlation between romantic limitations such as
Distance relationships of 6 Love (2003) as a long-distance romantic trust and relationship relationships show a the online survey
Between months or more theoretical relationships (LDRRs) satisfaction (r= 0.663, higher level of trust, format, which may
Couples will report framework to and geographically p< 0.01), with facilitated by hinder rapport
Increase Trust significant investigate the close relationships dependability, faith, and technological formation and
and Overall differences in their interplay of (GCRs), aged between predictability subscales advancements potentially lead to
Satisfaction? A level of trust as commitment, 18 and 25 years from also significantly linked enabling regular less truthful
Comparative compared to intimacy, and trust across India. Trust to relationship virtual interactions. responses.
Study Between geographically in long-distance levels were assessed satisfaction. Trust, While physical Additionally, the
Long-Distance close couples. romantic using the Trust in Close intimacy, and intimacy is essential, absence of in-depth
Romantic relationships Relationships Scale, a communication, the passion and love studies exploring
Relationships H2: Couples in (LDRRs) and 17-item scale measuring identified as robust between distant the intricate
and Long-distance geographically close Dependability, Faith, predictors by Anderson partners compensate relationships
Geographically romantic relationships and Predictability. & Sommer (2006), play for the miles. The between variables,
Close relationships of 6 (GCRs). It integrates Relationship satisfaction crucial roles, alongside findings suggest particularly trust
Relationships. months or more attachment theory was measured using the the duration of slightly higher and satisfaction,
International will report (Bowlby, 1958), 7-item Relationship relationships and time satisfaction in long- leaves gaps in
Journal of significant dyadic trust Assessment Scale. spent communicating. distance understanding the
Indian differences in their dynamics (Campbell Participants responded Long-distance couples relationships, nuanced dynamics.
Psychology relationship and Staton, 2019), to Likert-type scales, exhibit higher trust than emphasizing the The sample,
satisfaction as and a ranging from 1 to 7 for geographically close positive correlation comprising young
compared to multidimensional trust and 1 to 5 for couples (t= 0.707), between trust and adults from India,
geographically analysis of relationship satisfaction. aligning with previous satisfaction. It is may limit the
close couples. relationship The research employed research indicating crucial to consider generalizability of
satisfaction Google forms for elevated trust in attachment styles findings to diverse
H3: There will be a (Clements et al., questionnaire successful long-distance and expectations in populations,
significant positive 1957) within a administration, ensuring romantic relationships. understanding the prompting a need
correlation conceptual participant In LDRRs, dynamics of trust, for broader
between Trust and framework. This confidentiality and dependability and faith satisfaction, and demographic
Relationship approach allows for expressing gratitude for are higher, while relationships, though representation in
Satisfaction. a nuanced cooperation. predictability is lower, the online survey future research.
exploration of how emphasizing the pivotal format and potential Lastly, the reliance
past relationship role of trust in lack of rapport on self-reported
experiences shape determining relationship formation are measures introduces
trust, how specific satisfaction and acknowledged the possibility of
behaviors contribute validating Hypothesis 1. limitations. social desirability
to trust levels, and bias, impacting the
the accuracy of
multidimensional responses.
factors influencing
overall relationship
satisfaction.
Culture Tomás-Miquel, 1. How do social, The study adopts This study takes The study employs The findings This study's
J.-V., & Capó- personal, a theoretical place at the Campus of Stochastic Actor- reveal that academic limitations include
Vicedo, J. geographical, foundation in social Alcoy of the Oriented Models networks are neither its specific focus on
(2021). Beyond cultural, and network analysis Polytechnic University (SAOM) within the homogeneous nor the Campus of
cultural and academic (SNA) to explore the of Valencia in Spain, framework of the stable, evolving Alcoy of the
geographical proximity factors dynamic nature of comprising diverse RSiena package to dynamically with a Polytechnic
proximity: influence the academic friendship academic programs. The analyze the dynamics of continuous influence University of
delving into the formation and relationships among university community, academic relationships of social, personal, Valencia in Spain,
factors that dissolution of university students. consisting of 2,326 among university geographical, potentially limiting
influence the academic The conceptual students, showcases students at the Campus cultural, and generalizability to
dynamics of relationships framework increasing diversity of Alcoy of the academic proximity diverse cultural or
academic among university integrates social, with individuals from Polytechnic University factors. Notably, the educational
relationships students over the personal, various countries and of Valencia in Spain. study highlights the contexts. The lack
between course of their geographical, ethnic backgrounds. The Descriptive analyses evolving influence of a diverse sample
students in academic journey? cultural, and Spanish university reveal shifts in the of these factors over in terms of ethnicity
higher academic proximity admission system, academic network over time, underlining the and cultural
education. 2. How does the factors, emphasizing incorporating high three years, indicating crucial role of backgrounds
influence of their multifaceted school performance and increased relationship personal, academic, restricts broader
proximity factors nature and specific access exams, development and and social applicability.
on academic recognizing the is considered, including stability in the later proximities in Additionally, the
relationship temporal dimension alternative pathways for stages. The results forming robust exclusion of certain
dynamics vary at as influential in those over 25 and 40 underscore the varying academic predictors, such as
different stages of shaping academic years old. Focused on influences of proximity relationships, thus college experience
a student's bonds over time. the Business factors, categorizing offering valuable and personality
university Administration and them into early insights for traits, as well as the
experience, Management bachelor's (geographical and educators and reliance on a
particularly in program, the study cultural), late (academic policymakers to predominantly face-
terms of cultural explores academic and personal), and enhance the to-face educational
and friendship relationship dynamics stable (social) factors, dynamics of student context, raises
dynamics? within the context of with cultural aspects relationships in the concerns about the
active learning losing significance over context of cultural comprehensive
Hypothesis: methodologies and time. Social proximity, and friendship applicability of the
It is hypothesized collaborative teamwork, including mutual friends dynamics. proposed
that cultural and taking advantage of the and prior support, framework,
friendship diverse and interactive consistently plays a especially in the
dynamics educational setting. crucial role in shaping context of online or
significantly academic ties hybrid learning
impact the throughout the environments,
formation and university tenure. necessitating further
continuity of exploration in
academic future research.
relationships
among university
students, with the
influence of these
factors evolving
over the duration
of their academic
journey.
Social Support Katmer, A. N., R1: How do The theoretical This descriptive The research In summary, this The study lacks
Buga, A., & friendship quality, framework of this correlational survey confirmed the normality study explores an experimental
Kaya, I.(2019). attachment to study draws upon investigates the assumption and loneliness, design, hindering
An friends, and Bowlby's attachment interplay among revealed significant friendship quality, causal conclusions.
Investigation of perceived social theory, which posits loneliness, friendship correlations, notably a perceived social Its focus on
Friendship support from that individuals quality, perceived social strong association support, and Anatolian high
Quality, friends contribute develop strong support, and attachment between the Friendship attachment among school students in a
Attachment to to the loneliness emotional bonds to friends in adolescents Quality Scale and the adolescents. Unlike specific region may
Friends and levels of with those they during the 2016-2017 secure attachment some literature, it limit
Perceived adolescents? respect in their lives, academic year in subscale (r = 0.72, p < finds no significant generalizability.
Social Support influencing their İskenderun, Hatay 0.01). Gender analysis gender-based Reliance on self-
from Friends as R2: Are there social relationships province. The study showed that females had differences in report measures
Predictors of significant gender and coping involves 430 students higher scores in loneliness scores. introduces potential
Loneliness in differences in the mechanisms. In from diverse Anatolian perceived social support Perceived social response bias and
Adolescents, relationships adolescence, the high schools, spanning and friendship quality. support is identified lacks objective
International between friendship attachment dynamic grades 9 to 12, selected Importantly, regression as a crucial assessments. The
Online Journal quality, attachment undergoes a through stratified analysis indicated that predictor, cross-sectional
of to friends, transition from one- sampling. Data perceived social emphasizing the design restricts
EducationalScie perceived social sided attachments to collection utilizes support, friendship importance of exploring changes
nces, 11 (4), support, and family members to validated tools, quality, and attachment supportive social in loneliness over
211-227 loneliness among mutual relations including the UCLA to friends collectively networks in time. Future
adolescents? with peers. Loneliness Scale, predicted 37% of alleviating research with
Additionally, the Perceived Social loneliness variance in loneliness. The diverse samples and
Hypothesis: conceptual Support Scale (with the adolescents, study advocates for longitudinal
It is hypothesized framework "support from friends" emphasizing the pivotal strategies such as approaches could
that higher levels incorporates the subscale), Friendship role of social support fostering secure enhance
of friendship significance of Quality Scale, and and friendship quality. attachments, understanding of
quality, stronger perceived social Adolescent Friendship improving adolescent
attachment to support from friends Attachment Scale. The friendship quality, loneliness.
friends, and and the quality of collected data undergo and promoting
increased friendships in hierarchical multiple perceived social
perceived social shaping adolescent regression analysis to support to address
support from experiences of unveil the predictive adolescent
friends will be loneliness. influence of friendship loneliness, providing
associated with quality, perceived social valuable insights for
lower levels of support, and attachment educators and
loneliness in to friends on adolescent practitioners.
adolescents. loneliness, providing a
comprehensive
understanding of these
complex dynamics.
Interpersonal Hopwood, C. J., 1. How does Interpersonal We used six samples Complementarity One limitation
Dynamics et. al (2020). individual sex theory, rooted in with 603 dyads, effects were robust with this study
Properties of influence patterns Harry Stack including two samples across all samples, and involved the
the Continuous of interpersonal Sullivan's work, of unacquainted mixed- individuals tended to be availability of data
Assessment of warmth, examines sex undergraduates relatively warm and from different kinds
Interpersonal dominance, and personality and interacting in a dominant. Results from of samples. For
Dynamics complementarity psychopathology collaborative task, two multilevel models instance, only close
Across Sex, as assessed via through recurring samples of couples indicated that women dyads participated
Level of CAID? patterns of interacting in both were slightly warmer in conflict tasks,
Familiarity, and interactions. Initially collaborative and than men, whereas there and all of the
Interpersonal 2. What is the operationalized in conflict tasks, and two were no sex differences unfamiliar dyads
Conflict. impact of dyadic group psychotherapy samples of mothers and in dominance. completed a similar
Assessment, familiarity and by Leary, the model children interacting in Unfamiliar dyads and kind of task
27(1), 40- situational conflict was refined by both collaborative and dyads interacting in (analyzing a third
56.https://doi.or on patterns of Wiggins, linking conflict tasks. more collaborative tasks person’s TAT
g/10.1177/1073 interpersonal interpersonal were relatively warmer, stories).
191118798916 warmth, assessments to more submissive, and A second limitation
dominance, and broader more complementary on is that we only
complementarity psychological warmth but less examined mean
as assessed via concepts. It complementary on levels and
CAID? integrates with dominance. complementarity
various fields such coefficients for
Hypothesis: We as attachment, social warmth and
hypothesize that cognition, dominance. Other
there will be psychodynamics, parameters could be
significant trait theory, and extracted from
differences in evolutionary CAID data,
interpersonal psychology. The including the
warmth based on central variables, rhythmicity of
individual sex, agency, and interactions (Sadler
with women communion, et al., 2009), the
exhibiting higher manifest as correlations of
levels of warmth dominance- dominance and
than men. submission and warmth within
warmth-coldness in people (Thomas et
behavior. al., 2014), or the
Represented in the slope of the warmth
Interpersonal and dominance time
Circumplex, series over the
behaviors are plotted course of the
based on these interaction.
dimensions. This
study emphasizes
three parameters
extracted from
interpersonal
assessments,
contributing to
understanding social
dynamics across
traits, motives, and
specific behaviors in
diverse contexts.
Self esteem S. Hannier, A. 1. How does The study is Two studies were Results from the first The findings 1. The study's
et. al (2018) physical grounded in a conducted on adult study revealed a suggest that, generalizability may
The role of satisfaction framework that women to explore the negative and moderate contrary to initial be limited to the
physical influence women's integrates elements relationship between correlation between expectations, BMI specific
satisfaction in sexual self-esteem, from self-esteem sexual self-esteem, body BMI and women's may not directly demographic
women's sexual and what role does theory, body image mass index, physical sexual self-esteem. influence sexual characteristics of
self-esteem, body mass index theory, and satisfaction, and body However, a more self-esteem. Instead, the sampled adult
Sexologies, (BMI) play in this psychological image. The first study pronounced relationship the "relationship to women.
Volume 27, relationship? perspectives on utilized quantitative was observed between the body" appears
Issue 4, Pages satisfaction. It posits measures to collect data sexual self-esteem and central to women's 2. Self-report
e85-e95, ISSN 2. What are the that an individual's on BMI, sexual self- body/physical conceptualization of measures may
1158-1360, key elements perception of their esteem, and physical satisfaction. The second sexual self-esteem, introduce response
https://doi.org/1 contributing to body, physical satisfaction. The second study, contrary to the particularly in terms bias and
0.1016/j.sexol.2 women's sexual satisfaction, and study employed both first, found no of body/physical subjectivity.
017.09.010 self-esteem, and societal standards of quantitative and significant relationship satisfaction and
how do they relate attractiveness qualitative methods between BMI and facial attractiveness 3. Cultural and
to body image, collectively shape (mixed method) to sexual self-esteem. traits. societal factors
physical sexual self-esteem. assess BMI, sexual self- Instead, a notable influencing body
satisfaction, and esteem, body image, correlation was image and
BMI? and attractiveness traits. identified between attractiveness
sexual self-esteem and perceptions may not
Hypothesis: body image/esteem, be fully captured in
There is a with specific emphasis the study.
negative and on facial attractiveness
moderate traits.
correlation
between BMI and
women's sexual
self-esteem.
Stigma and Gómez- 1. What individual The study The study utilizes a The results indicate Cultural shifts The study used
Judgment Berrocal, C., et. and contextual employs the descriptive that the toward liberal sexual descriptive
al (2022). factors are conceptual methodology to analyze conceptualization of attitudes since the methodology, while
Sexual double associated with framework that the association between SDS as a gender-based late 20th century ensuring statistical
standard: A adherence to the views SDS as a individual and prejudice is valid, have led to an validity with a
gender-based sexual double gender-based contextual factors and emphasizing the link egalitarian standard sizable sample that's
prejudice standard (SDS)? prejudice. It posits adherence to the SDS, between SDS adherence on premarital sex. why it lacks
referring to that ingroup as well as the four SDS and the identity of the The study enhances experimental
sexual freedom 2. How do favoritism, adherence typologies gender role of men. comprehension of validation. Future
and sexual different levels of particularly the (man-favorable SDS, Furthermore, evidence factors contributing research should
shyness. analysis identity of the woman-favorable SDS, supports the idea that to the inconsistent explore causal
Frontiers in (individual, gender role of men, egalitarian, and the normative context manifestation of the relationships
Psychology, intergroup, is central to ambivalent). The and domain of sexual sexual double between analyzed
6469. societal) contribute understanding SDS sample includes 1,206 behavior influence the standard. factors and forms of
https://doi.org/1 to explaining and bias. heterosexual Spanish manifestation of SDS. SDS adherence
0.3389/fpsyg.20 predicting both adults (603 men and The study highlights
22.1006675 SDS adherence 603 women), with mean that the domain of Sexual double
and the prevalence ages of 41.7 for men behaviors related to standard: A gender-
of SDS adherence and 40.84 for women. sexual shyness better based prejudice
typologies? discriminates between referring to sexual
the four SDS adherence freedom and sexual
Hypothesis typologies, emphasizing shyness
the importance of
The hypothesis considering different
posits that levels of analysis for a
adherence to the comprehensive
sexual double understanding of SDS
standard (SDS) is adherence.
more linked to
men's gender role
identity. It also
suggests that the
expression of SDS
is influenced
significantly by
normative context
and the domain of
sexual behavior
(freedom or
shyness).
Emotional Well- Wesche R, 1. What subjective Self- Involves a review of Individuals tended to The review 1. The broader
being Claxton SE, emotional determination theory 71 quantitative articles evaluate their CSREs underscores the CSRE literature is
Waterman EA. reactions do and sexual that examined more positively than nuanced emotional exploratory and
(2021) individuals motivation theory emotional outcomes of negatively. outcomes of Casual predominantly
Emotional experience may also explain CSREs. The study Nevertheless, most Sexual Relationship relies on
Outcomes of following CSREs? variability in assessed subjective studies showed short- Experiences heterosexual, White
Casual Sexual emotional outcomes emotional reactions term declines in (CSREs), college samples,
Relationships 2. Is involvement of CSREs (Cooper, (such as excitement, emotional health within emphasizing that limiting
and in CSREs Shapiro, & Powers, regret) and emotional a year of CSRE while many generalizability.
Experiences: A associated with 1998; Deci & Ryan, health indicators involvement. Emotional individuals perceive 2. The dominance
Systematic emotional health? 2000). Both theories (including depression outcomes varied based them positively, of American
Review. J Sex propose that people and self-esteem). The on factors such as variations exist samples raises
Res. 3. To better experience diverse researchers considered gender, attitudes toward based on personal questions about the
doi:10.1080/00 understand motives for sex. various factors, CSREs, alcohol use, attitudes, gender, influence of
224499.2020.18 interpersonal and CSREs are more including gender, sexual satisfaction, and and alcohol sociocultural norms
21163. Epub situational likely to lead to attitudes toward CSREs, familiarity with consumption. on gender,
2020 Sep 29. variation in the positive outcomes alcohol use, sexual partners. The findings Contrary to the sexuality, and
PMID: emotional for people with satisfaction, and suggest potential notion of inherent CSRE expectations
32991206; outcomes of certain motives. knowledge of partners. directions for negativity, the study and outcomes.
PMCID: CSREs, we had According to self- prevention/intervention suggests educating 3. The review is
PMC8579856. two questions. determination strategies, including individuals about confined to
(3a) Among theory, autonomous skill-building related to when and for whom published studies,
CSRE-experienced motives, in which sexual decision-making. CSREs may pose introducing a
individuals, what people feel in emotional risks, potential
characteristics of control over their advocating for publication bias that
individuals and decision to engage informed decision- may impact the
situations are in CSREs, may making rather than overall
associated with promote positive avoidance. understanding of
subjective outcomes the association
emotional (Townsend, between CSREs and
reactions? Jonason, & emotional health.
(3b) What Wasserman, 2019; Causation cannot be
characteristics of Vrangalova, 2015a). definitively
individuals and Controlled motives established.
situations (in which people
moderate engage in CSREs
associations due to external
between CSREs reasons) and
and emotional amotivation (“it just
health? happened”) may
promote negative
Hypothesis outcomes. Some
sexual experiences
Emotional that may indicate
outcomes of controlled motives
Casual Sexual or amotivation are
Relationship having sex due to
Experiences peer pressure,
(CSREs) vary having sex at a
based on personal young age, having
attitudes, gender, sex under the
and alcohol influence of alcohol
consumption. or drugs, and having
sex despite negative
attitudes toward it.
According to sexual
motivation theory,
individuals have sex
for self-focused and
other-focused
reasons. CSREs are
more likely to
satisfy self-focused
motives like
pleasure, compared
to other-focused
motives like
emotional intimacy
.
Satisfaction Hawkins SE, 1. How are The study is The study employed Path analysis The study 1. The study's
et.al(2023) different likely grounded in a a mixed-methods models revealed a concludes that findings may not be
Sexual operationalizations socio- psychological approach, utilizing both positive association positive outcomes of generalized beyond
Behaviors, of sexual behavior framework that quantitative and between more sexually CSREs, particularly the specific sample
Satisfaction, and sexual considers the qualitative data. The intimate behaviors and sexual satisfaction, of emerging adults.
and Intentions satisfaction interplay between sample comprised 274 higher sexual are linked to higher 2. Self-report
to Engage in associated with sexual behavior, emerging adults, satisfaction following a intentions to engage measures may
Casual Sexual immediate sexual satisfaction, including both college- CSRE. Furthermore, in future CSREs. introduce bias, and
Relationships intentions to and intentions to attending and non- sexual satisfaction, The type of sexual social desirability
and engage in casual engage in future college-attending rather than the type of behavior was not as could affect the
Experiences in sexual CSREs. The individuals. Data sexual behavior, influential as sexual accuracy of
Emerging relationships and framework may collection involved a significantly influenced satisfaction in responses.
Adulthood. experiences draw from theories five-day daily diary to both immediate and predicting these 3. The study did not
Arch Sex (CSREs)? related to human measure immediate long-term intentions to intentions. explore cultural or
Behav. sexuality, intentions and a one- engage in future contextual
52(4):1575- 2. What factors relationship month follow-up to CSREs. Follow-up variations in the
1591. doi: contribute to long- dynamics, and assess long-term analyses indicated that associations
10.1007 term intentions to behavioral intentions. Variables alcohol consumption between sexual
s10508-022- engage in CSREs, intentions. included different and gender were behavior,
02508-z. Epub and how do sexual operationalizations of significantly associated satisfaction, and
2022 Dec 21. behavior and sexual behavior, sexual with immediate intentions.
PMID: sexual satisfaction satisfaction, sample intentions, while daily 4. The research may
36542273. play a role in these characteristics, gender, diary intentions and lack longitudinal
intentions? alcohol consumption, gender were significant data to assess
and previous CSREs. predictors of long-term changes in attitudes
Hypothesis intentions. and behaviors over
an extended period.
More sexually 5. The study might
intimate behaviors not account for
will be positively potential
associated with confounding
higher sexual variables that could
satisfaction influence the
following a CSRE. observed
associations.
ACTIVITY 4
THE METHODOLOGY MATRIX
MATRIX 1: (“Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love: Exploring Age-Related

Variances in Couple Relationship Experiences”)
RESEARCH DESIGN Cross-sectional Design
RESEARCH LOCALE The study will be conducted in Metro Manila, Philippines.
The respondents will take open ended survey in their own
houses and vicinity. These respondent will be chosen and will
get the data via google forms. The researcher chose this tool to
gather the needed information for people who have long
distance relationship. The study will be conducted in the second
semester academic year 2023-2024
RESEARCH The study includes respondents from diverse age groups,
RESPONDENTS encompassing the young, middle-aged, and elderly, who are
currently in various relationship statuses. This broad spectrum
of couples will enable a comprehensive exploration of age-
related variances in long-distance relationship experiences.
RESEARCH Questionnaire (Survey)
INSTRUMENTS
DATA ANALYSIS The design used in this study is a qualitative design. Data
about the experiences of long-distance relationships will be
gathered through open-ended surveys using a questionnaire, and
the data will be examined using the chosen statistical tools. The
findings will be shared and interpreted.
MATRIX 2: (“Proximity Dynamics: Geographical Influence on Friendship Dynamics”)

RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive Design
Respondents will participate in open-ended surveys within their
own homes and vicinity. These respondents will be selected, and
the data will be collected via Google Forms. The researcher has
chosen this tool to gather the necessary information about the
relationships of friends who are nearby. The study is scheduled
to be conducted in the second semester of the academic year
2023-2024.
RESEARCH Individuals who have friendships primarily within their local
RESPONDENTS community or neighborhood in Metro Manila.
RESEARCH Questionnaire (Open-ended Surveys and Close-ended Surveys)
INSTRUMENTS
DATA ANALYSIS The design used in this study is a mixed-method qualitative
and quantitative design. Data about the proximity of friendship
will be gathered by conducting both open-ended and close-
ended surveys using a questionnaire. The collected data will
then be examined using the chosen statistical tools. The findings
will be shared and interpreted.
MATRIX 3: (“Gender Dynamics: Examining the relationship between body count and self-esteem”)
RESEARCH DESIGN Correlation Design
Respondents will participate in a close-ended survey in their
own homes and vicinity. These respondents will be selected, and
the data will be collected via Google Forms. The researcher has
chosen this tool to gather the necessary information about the
relationship between body count and self-esteem. The study is
scheduled to be conducted in the second semester of the
academic year 2023-2024.
RESEARCH Men and Women that involved in intimate relationships
RESPONDENTS
RESEARCH Questionnaire (Close-ended Survey)
INSTRUMENTS
DATA ANALYSIS The design used in this study is a quantitative design. Data
about the relationship between body count and male and female
self-esteem will be gathered by conducting close-ended surveys
using a questionnaire. The collected data will then be examined
using the chosen statistical tools. The findings will be shared
and interpreted.
MATRIX 4: (“Friendship, Sex, and Emotional Well-being: An Investigation into Casual Intimacy”)
RESEARCH DESIGN Correlation Design
Respondents will participate in close-ended surveys and
interviews in their own homes, vicinity, or the place they have
chosen to answer the questions. These respondents will be
selected, and the data will also be collected via Google Forms.
The researcher chose this tool to gather the needed information
about the well-being of casual intimacy between friends. The
study is scheduled to be conducted in the second semester of the
academic year 2023-2024.
RESEARCH Aged 18 and above; individuals who engaged in sexual intimacy
RESPONDENTS with their friends
RESEARCH Questionnaire (Close-ended Survey and Interview)
INSTRUMENTS
DATA ANALYSIS The design used in this study is a mixed-methods design. Data
about the well-being of casual intimacy between friends will be
gathered by conducting close-ended surveys using a
questionnaire and interviews. The collected data will then be
examined using the chosen statistical tools. The findings will be
shared and interpreted.
ACTIVITY 5
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Ensuring the ethical conduct of research is paramount to maintaining the well-being and rights of
participants. This study adheres to the principles outlined in Republic Act 10029 and the American
Psychological Association's (APA) ethical code and standards.
1. Informed Consent
 The study strictly adheres to the requirement of obtaining informed consent from all
participants, clearly explaining the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the
study. Participants are informed about their right to withdraw at any point without
consequences.
 Informed consent is obtained in a manner that is understandable to participants. The consent
process ensures that individuals are fully aware of the nature and purpose of the study, as well
as any potential risks or benefits.
2. Confidentiality
 The research team is committed to maintaining the confidentiality of participant information.
Data collected is anonymized, and any identifying information is kept separate from research
data to ensure the privacy of participants.
 Confidentiality is a priority, and measures are in place to protect participant identities. Data will
be stored securely, and access will be restricted to the research team.
3. Voluntary Participation
 Participants are assured that their involvement in the study is voluntary, and there are no
consequences for choosing not to participate. No coercion is applied to secure participation.
 Voluntary participation is emphasized, and participants are reminded of their right to withdraw
at any stage of the study without facing any negative consequences.
4. Minimization of Harm
 The study is designed to minimize any potential harm to participants. Care is taken to avoid
sensitive topics during interviews, and participants are debriefed after the study to address any
emotional impact.
 The research team is vigilant in identifying and mitigating any potential harm to participants.
Adequate support mechanisms are in place, and referrals to counseling services are provided if
needed.
ETHICAL DILEMMA 1:
An ethical dilemma that may arise in the research titled "Generational Perspectives on Long-
Distance Love: Exploring Age-Related Variances in Couple Relationship Experiences" involves the
potential emotional impact on participants. Given the intimate nature of the study, probing into individuals'
experiences in long-distance relationships may elicit sensitive and personal information. The researchers
must carefully navigate the ethical considerations surrounding the emotional well-being of the
respondents. While the study aims to contribute valuable insights, it is crucial to ensure that participants
are not unduly distressed or harmed by recalling and sharing intimate aspects of their relationships.
Striking a balance between obtaining meaningful data and safeguarding the emotional welfare of the
respondents becomes a central ethical challenge, necessitating a thoughtful approach to data collection and
participant support throughout the research process.
ETHICAL DILEMMA 2:
An ethical dilemma for the research study on "Proximity Dynamics: Geographical Influence on
Friendship Dynamics" revolves around the potential invasion of privacy for participants. Since the study
involves gathering information about the relationships of friends within their local community or
neighborhood, there is a risk that the research could inadvertently expose sensitive details about the
personal lives of individuals. While the aim is to understand the dynamics of friendships influenced by
geographical proximity, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the respondents becomes crucial.
Balancing the need for insightful data with the ethical responsibility to protect the privacy of participants
presents a dilemma. Researchers must establish robust measures to safeguard the identities and personal
information of respondents, seeking informed consent and assuring them of the confidentiality of their
responses. This ethical consideration is pivotal in maintaining the integrity of the study while upholding
the well-being and rights of the research participants.
ETHICAL DILEMMA 3:
An ethical dilemma associated with the research titled "Gender Dynamics: Examining the
relationship between body count and self-esteem" arises from the potential for the study to unintentionally
reinforce or perpetuate societal judgments and stigmas related to individuals' intimate relationships.
Investigating the correlation between body count and self-esteem may inadvertently contribute to the
existing societal pressures and stereotypes surrounding individuals' sexual behavior. This raises concerns
about the potential psychological impact on participants, particularly if findings suggest negative
associations between body count and self-esteem. Ethical considerations should involve safeguarding
participants' mental well-being, ensuring informed consent and confidentiality, and responsibly
communicating and interpreting the results to avoid contributing to harmful stereotypes or judgments.
Researchers must strike a delicate balance between scientific inquiry and the potential consequences of
reinforcing societal biases related to intimate relationships and self-esteem.
ETHICAL DILEMMA 4:
One ethical dilemma associated with the research titled "Friendship, Sex, and Emotional Well-
being: An Investigation into Casual Intimacy" involves the potential for psychological and emotional harm
to the participants. Given the sensitive nature of the topic, engaging individuals aged 18 and above who
have participated in sexual intimacy with friends may expose them to emotional vulnerability and distress.
The research team must consider the potential psychological impact of revisiting and openly discussing
these experiences, which may include regret, guilt, or discomfort. Maintaining the participants' emotional
well-being is paramount, and there is a risk that delving into intimate details through surveys and
interviews could evoke negative emotions. Balancing the pursuit of valuable research insights with the
ethical responsibility to protect participants from potential harm becomes a challenging dilemma that
necessitates careful consideration of research methodologies and participant well-being throughout the
study.
ACTIVITY 6
PRESENTATION OF QUANTITATIVE FINDINGS
INSTRUCTION: Write an interpretation of the following data.

FIRST DATA: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Background
This famous data set, "Sleep", provides the number of additional hours that ten patients
slept after having been administered two `soporific drugs' (i.e., sleeping pills). The data set was
used both by Student and by Fisher in seminal articles.
Variables:
 extra - Increase of sleep (in hours) relative to a control drug.
 group - Type of a soporific drug. Note that the data are in long format - each patient has
been administered both soporific drugs and a control drug.
 ID - Participants' identification number.
Descriptive Statistics
extra
1 2
Valid 10 10
Missing 0 0
Mean 0.750 2.330
Std. Deviation 1.789 2.002
Minimum -1.600 -0.100
Maximum 3.700 5.500
Boxplots
extra
INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION:
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
The mean increase in sleep for patients taking the soporific drug is 0.750 hours, compared to 2.330 hours
for the control drug. The variability in sleep increase is higher for the soporific drug (standard deviation of
1.789) than the control drug (standard deviation of 2.002). The minimum and maximum sleep increases
are 1.600 to 3.700 hours for the soporific drug, and 0.100 to 5.500 hours for the control drug.
SECOND DATA: T-TEST

Background
This data set, "Invisibility Cloak", provides the number of mischievous acts committed
by two groups of people, those with and those without and invisibility cloak.
Variables:
 Participant - Identification number of a participant.
 Cloak - Experimental group (0 = withouth a cloak of invisibility, 1 = with a cloack of
invisibility).
 Mischief - the number of mischievous acts committed by a participant.
Independent Samples T-Test
Mean SE Cohen's SE Cohen's
Test Statistic df p
Difference Difference d d
Mischief Student -1.713 22.000 0.101 -1.250 0.730 -0.700 0.432
Welch -1.713 21.541 0.101 -1.250 0.730 -0.700 0.432
Assumption Checks
Test of Normality (Shapiro-Wilk)
W p
Mischief 0 0.913 0.231
1 0.973 0.936
Note. Significant results suggest a deviation from normality.
Test of Equality of Variances (Brown-Forsythe)

F df1 df2 p
Mischief 0.270 1 22 0.609
Descriptives
Group Descriptives
Group N Mean SD SE Coefficient of variation
Mischief 0 12 3.750 1.913 0.552 0.510
1 12 5.000 1.651 0.477 0.330
Descriptives Plots
Mischief
INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION:
T-TEST
The independent sample t-test was conducted to compare mischievous acts between two groups: one with
an invisibility cloak (Cloak=1) and one without (Cloak=0). The results show no significant difference in
mischief between the groups (p=0.101). The means, standard deviations, and effect sizes (Cohen's d) are
provided. Additionally, the Shapiro-Wilk test suggests normality for both groups (p-values > 0.05).
THIRD DATA: 2X2 ANOVA (Gender x Condition on Attractiveness of the partner.)
Background
This data set, "Erotic Pictures and Love", provides men and women's feelings towards
their partners after watching either erotic or artistic pictures.
Variables:
 Gender - Participant's gender.
 Age - Participant's age.
 RelLen - Number of years in a current relationship.
 Condition - Experimental condition (Nudes = nude pictures, Abstract Art = abstract art
pictures)
 PartnerAttractiveness - A sum of 6 Likert scales about the partner's attractiveness (1 =
not at all, 9 = very much).
 LoveForPartner - A sum of 13 Likert scales from a Love Scale.
 AveragePleasantness - A mean of 3 items about pleasantness of the pictures.
Descriptive Statistics
Gender Age RelLen
Valid 223 221 220
Missing 0 2 3
Mean 35.425 9.088
Std. Deviation 11.103 9.412
Minimum 18.000 0.250
Maximum 83.000 60.000
Note. Not all values are available for Nominal Text variables
Frequency Tables
Frequencies for Gender

Gender Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Female 99 44.395 44.395 44.395
Male 124 55.605 55.605 100.000
Missing 0 0.000
Total 223 100.000
Note. The following variables have more than 10 distinct values and are omitted: Age, RelLen.
ANOVA – AveragePleasantness
Cases Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p η²p
Gender 14.235 1 14.235 10.185 0.002 0.044
Condition 0.169 1 0.169 0.121 0.728 5.525×10-4
Gender ✻ Condition 31.155 1 31.155 22.291 < .001 0.092
Residuals 306.086 219 1.398
Note. Type III Sum of Squares
Descriptives
Descriptives – AveragePleasantness
Gender Condition N Mean SD SE Coefficient of variation
Female Abstract Art 58 4.904 1.081 0.142 0.220
Nudes 41 4.201 1.591 0.248 0.379
Male Abstract Art 64 4.658 0.926 0.116 0.199
Nudes 60 5.473 1.195 0.154 0.218
Descriptives plots
Marginal Means
Marginal Means – Gender

95% CI for Mean Difference
Gender Marginal Mean Lower Upper SE
Female 4.553 4.281 4.824 0.121
Male 5.066 4.826 5.305 0.106
Marginal Means – Condition

95% CI for Mean Difference
Condition Marginal Mean Lower Upper SE
Abstract Art 4.781 4.540 5.022 0.107
Nudes 4.837 4.567 5.107 0.120
Simple Main Effects
Simple Main Effects – Condition

Level of Gender Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p
Female 11.867 1 11.867 8.491 0.004
Male 20.555 1 20.555 14.707 < .001
INTERPRETATION
INTERPRETATION:
2X2 ANOVA
Gender significantly influences pleasantness, especially with nude pictures. The interaction effect
indicates gender differences in responses to artistic and erotic stimuli. Condition alone doesn't impact
pleasantness significantly. Males generally show higher variation in pleasantness ratings than females.
ACTIVITY 7
MAKING
TRANSCRIPTIONS
GUIDE QUESTION:
TOPIC: Long Distance Relationship
a. What can you say about the challenges and benefits of long distance relationship?
b. what role does age play in shaping emotional intimacy in long distance couples?
c. How does trust play a role in your long distance relationship, and do you believe age
affects this aspect?
d. How do you manage your quality time in your long distance relationship?
TOPIC: Proximity of Friend's Relationship
1. How does living close to your friends affect the support you receive from them?
2. What role does geographical proximity play in shaping the way you interact with your
friends?
3. Does the duration of living near your friends impact the satisfaction you feel in the
friendship
4. How does conflict resolution differ in friendship when friends are geographical close
5. How does the time spent together impact the overall dynamics of friendships?
TOPIC: Body count and Self esteem
1. On a scale from 1-10,how you you rate your overall self esteem?
2. Have you ever felt judge on your sexual history?
3. How satisfied are you with your body image on a scale of 1-10 ?
4. On a scale from 1-10,how is your emotional well-being in terms of your relationship?
5. On a scale from 1-10,how satisfied are you with your current sexual experiences?
TOPIC: Casual Intimacy (friends)

1. How often do you engage in casual Sexual Relationship with friends? (Open)
2. On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate the frequency of you causal intimacy with
friends?
3. On a scale of 1-5,how satisfied are you with the communication in your casual
relationship?
4. Are you satisfied with the level of intimacy in your casual relationship? (Yes/No)
5. How does your personal beliefs influence your approach to casual relationship with
friends? (Open)
TRANSCRIPT:

Interviewee 1
- It can be challenging sometimes due to physical distance but they can also have
benefits such as increase communication and personal growth.
- Age can play a significant role, typically younger couples find it more difficult to
maintain intimacy due to a lack of experience, maturity, and management in the
challenges of a LDR, while older couples they can develop stronger communication
skills and have a better understanding of their emotional, which is very helpful for
them to navigate a difficulties of being separate.
c. How does trust play a role in your long distance relationship, and do you believe age affects
this aspect?
- Trust play an important role, it is a crucial aspect of LDR as it requires a strong
foundation and communication and I do believe that age may impact this aspect
depending on the individual past experiences and level of maturity
- I manage my quality time in LDR through planning and prioritizing
communication and decency as well as finding creative way to connect and share
with my partner's everything such as my experience and all despite the distance
Interviewee 2
- The challenges that I had encountered having a long distance relationship is
communication barriers. Most of his time nakafocus sa duty nya, and ang usapan
lang din namin saglit nalang din, may mga times din na hindi na nakakapagusap sa
isang araw kasi sobrang hectic and busy sa sa loob. When it comes benefits, you'll
be independent, and also kahit na may hadlang sa communication you will make an
effort. Kahit di sya nakakapagchat, hindi ako tumitigil magchat and maupdate sa
latest happenings ng buhay ganon din sya. So merong pa rin na deeper emotional
connection.
- Ang pinaka the best na masasagot ko jan is having emotional maturity. Having also
long long patients, assurance, and faithfulness. Sa LDR don ka susubukan ng
tadhana kung gaano katatag sa relasyon, kapag nagoverthink ka ng overthink, wala
talo ka.
c. How does trust play a role in your long distance relationship, and do you believe age affects
this aspect?
- Trust is crucial in long-distance relationships, irrespective of age. Building and
maintaining trust requires open communication, honesty, and reliability. Age may
influence one's past experiences, but trust largely depends on the individuals
involved and their commitment.
- We always make time para makapagusap kami kahit sa chat or video call. Kahit na
maraming pang gagawin iiwan muna namin saglit para makapausap. Or kung busy
talaga magvivideo call kami habang may ginagawa kami hahahaha
- Kapag break naman nila (lalabas ng PMA). Allotted yung time and day namin sa
isat-isa. Kunwari uuwi sya for one week. Sa one week na yon lagi kaming
magkasama to make up things sa relationship namin.

Interviewee 1
- Having the conviniency to have a friend near by your house makes an immediate
comfort.
2. What role does geographical proximity play in shaping the way you interact with your friends?
- The geographical distance have an essential role when we talk about "friendship" of
one person to another. Specifically, the friendship of the two or more party will be
depend on how will they communicate and engage with the agreed time,
environment, and meeting place.
3. Does the duration of living near your friends impact the satisfaction you feel in the friendship
- Yes. Walang "why" so I will not elaborate my answer. Mwa!
4. How does conflict resolution differ in friendship when friends are geographical close
- It could be more easy to communicate.
- Friendship determines/measured how much you spent time and cherish the
memories and shared experiences with each other. After all "friend" is having
someone who you can willingy spend time with you and make time for you.
Interviewee 2
- Living close to my friends makes it easier to always find some one to talk about your
problem and they're just literally one call way.
2. What role does geographical proximity play in shaping the way you interact with your friends?
- It's easier to to hangout with friends that are block away from your house. You can
interact with them anytime you and your friend are available.
3. Does the duration of living near your friends impact the satisfaction you feel in the friendship
- Not much at all, even though they're in other country as long as we've become
friends we will always be. For me it is because we've created a bond since when
became friends.
4. How does conflict resolution differ in friendship when friends are geographical close.
- It is easier to resolve dispute and problems because you will always see each other
and you have no choice but to resolve your conflict.
- It's strengthen your bond through Hardships you've been with that friend.

Interviewee 1 (Girl)
- 8
- Yes
- 8
- 1
- 5
Interviewee 2 (Boy)
- 7
- Yes
- 6
- 6
- 7
Interviewee 1
- Once or twice a month
2. On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate the frequency of you causal intimacy with friends?
- 7
3. On a scale of 1-5,how satisfied are you with the communication in your casual relationship?
- 8
- No
5. How does your personal beliefs influence your approach to casual relationship with friends?
(Open)
- It was more on a beneficial side, and I always believe that a woman's sexual life is
not what determines her worth.
Interviewee 2
- I cannot say that i often engage in casual sexual relationship because it just happen
on the spur of the moment and unexpectedly.
2. On a scale of 1-10, how would you rate the frequency of you causal intimacy with friends?
- I will rate it a 5
3. On a scale of 1-5,how satisfied are you with the communication in your casual relationship?
- I will rate it at 4
- Yes
5. How does your personal beliefs influence your approach to casual relationship with friends?
(Open)
- I think what makes casual sexual relationship work is sharing your beliefs and
ensuring that both parties respect these beliefs.
Interviewee 1 Interviewee 2
Interviewee 1 (Girl) Interviewee 2 (Boy)
ACTIVITY 8
PRESENTATION OF QUALITATIVE FINDINGS
Matrix 1 (Title): "Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love: Exploring Age-Related Variances in

Couple Relationship Experiences”
Questions Themes Subthemes Quotes
How do you perceive Communication Technological Divide "Navigating long-distance
the impact of Challenges love in the digital era, the
technology on older generation grapples
communication within with a technological gap,
your relationships, while the younger
especially with those seamlessly connect
from different through screens."
generations?
How do you think Emotional Resilience Time-Tested Bonds "As distance grows, the
shared history and older couples draw
experiences contribute strength from years of
to emotional resilience shared history, viewing
in long-distance separation as a temporary
relationships? challenge in their enduring
love story."
How do you observe the Adaptation Strategies Traditional vs. Modern "Diverse coping
interplay between Approaches mechanisms emerge, with
traditional values and older couples relying on
modern approaches in traditional values and
managing long-distance patience, contrasting the
relationships within younger generation's
your community or reliance on instant
social circle? gratification and
innovative solutions."
In what ways do you Impact of Social Societal Perceptions "Long-distance love
think older couples Dynamics carries unique societal
challenging traditional perceptions; older couples
norms and younger challenge traditional
couples facing norms, while younger
contemporary scrutiny couples face contemporary
impact the dynamics of scrutiny in their pursuit of
their long-distance distant romance."
relationships?
How can individuals Intimacy in Absence Emotional Connection "The essence of intimacy
maintain a deep Beyond Proximity evolves; older couples
emotional connection in emphasize emotional
the absence of physical depth, cherishing
closeness, and what handwritten letters, while
role does technology younger counterparts find
play in fostering such solace in virtual presence,
connections? navigating the delicate
balance of digital
affection."
MATRIX 2 (Title): “Proximity Dynamics: Geographical Influence on Friendship Dynamics”
"Friendships thrive as
To what extent does Cultural Exchange and Boundaries as Bridges
cultural boundaries blur,
geographical distance Friendship with each mile fostering a
impact the diversity and unique blend of traditions
richness of friendships, and perspectives, turning
and how do cultural distances into cultural
differences play a role? bridges."
"Geographical shifts become
How do friendships Temporal Evolution of Lifelong Connections
a backdrop to enduring
withstand the test of Friendships friendships, with each
time and space, evolving chapter of life strengthening
through different life the bond, proving that true
stages and geographical friends are not bound by
separations? proximity."
"From time zone differences
What obstacles arise Challenges of Long- Navigating the Distance
to limited face-to-face
when friendships are Distance Friendships interactions, friends
stretched across overcome hurdles,
geographical distances, developing resilience that
and how do individuals turns geographical gaps into
navigate these mere inconveniences."
challenges?
"Friendship ecosystems vary
How do local Local Bonds vs. Global Local Roots, Global
– some deeply rooted in local
friendships differ from Networks Wings communities, others
global networks, and flourishing in the vast
what role does expanse of global networks,
geography play in showcasing the diverse
shaping the nature and tapestry of human
depth of these connections."
connections?
MATRIX 3 (Title): “Gender Dynamics: Examining the relationship between body count and self-esteem”
"Navigating the delicate
How do individuals, Perceptions of Self- Emotional Baggage
balance between embracing
across different genders, Worth one's romantic past and
perceive the impact of avoiding the weight of
their romantic history societal judgments,
(body count) on their individuals grapple with the
self-esteem? emotional baggage tied to
their self-worth."
"Double standards persist;
To what extent do Social Stigma and Gendered Narratives
men face praise or criticism
societal expectations Double Standards for their romantic pursuits,
and double standards while women often confront
influence the way men societal scrutiny, creating a
and women experience complex narrative around the
judgment based on their intersection of gender and
romantic history? self-esteem."
"A spectrum of coping
How do individuals Coping Mechanisms Empowerment Through
mechanisms emerges; some
cope with the potential and Mental Well-being Self-Acceptance find empowerment in self-
impact of their body acceptance, while others
count on self-esteem, grapple with the intersection
and what role does of mental well-being and
mental well-being play societal expectations."
in this process?
"External influences weigh
In what ways do the Influence of Peer and External Validation
heavily; family expectations
opinions of peers and Family Perspectives and peer judgments become
family members integral factors influencing
contribute to the the construction of self-
shaping of an esteem, creating a complex
individual's self-esteem interplay between internal
in relation to their and external validation."
romantic history?
"As life unfolds, personal
How do individuals, Evolution of Personal Shifting Paradigms
values undergo
over time, renegotiate Values transformation; the evolving
their personal values perception of self-esteem
and attitudes towards becomes a reflection of
self-esteem in the individual growth,
context of changing challenging and reshaping
romantic experiences? traditional notions of
romantic self-worth."
MATRIX 4 (Title): “Friendship, Sex, and Emotional Well-being: An Investigation into Casual Intimacy”
"Navigating the fine line
How do individuals Casual Intimacy Unspoken Rules
between friendship and
perceive the boundaries Dynamics intimacy, participants reveal
and nuances of casual unspoken rules that govern
intimacy, especially in casual connections,
the context of emphasizing the importance
friendships? of communication in
maintaining clarity."
"Participants express a range
In what ways do casual Emotional Impact of Emotional Rollercoaster
of emotions, from joy and
intimate relationships Casual Relationships contentment to unexpected
influence emotional bouts of vulnerability,
well-being, and how do highlighting the intricate
individuals cope with emotional landscape within
the potential emotional casual connections."
complexities?
"Casual intimacy introduces
How do communication Communication Ambiguity in
communication nuances,
patterns differ in casual Challenges in Casual Expression where participants grapple
relationships compared Intimacy with the challenge of
to more traditional expressing desires and
forms of intimacy, and expectations without
what challenges arise in jeopardizing the laid-back
maintaining effective nature of their connections."
communication?
"Participants reveal the
To what extent do Impact on Long-Term Juggling Affections
delicate balance of juggling
casual intimate Relationships casual connections with
connections influence committed relationships,
long-term romantic shedding light on the
relationships, and how complexities of managing
do individuals manage emotional investments across
potential conflicts different relationship types."
between casual and
committed
partnerships?
ACTIVITY 9
FIX THE REFERENCES
REFERENCES
1. Adams, H. G. (2006). Lunar Psychology: Moon Effects on Human Emotions. Journal of Lunar Phases,
31(4), 210-227. doi: http://doi.org/lunarpsych.2006.789012
2. Adams, J. (2022). The Makeup Industry: A Critical Analysis of Its Social and Environmental Impact.
Routledge. http://doi:10.4324/9780367672607
3. Brown, S. (2012). Penguin Random House: The Science of Beauty: Exploring the Biology and
Psychology of Attractiveness. Bloomsbury Publishing. doi: http://10.1007/978-3-030-49677-8
4. Brown, S. P. (2000). Bigfoot: Unraveling A Journal of Cryptozoological Creatures, 8(4), 281-299.

Analysis, Secrets. doi: http://doi.org/mythical.2000.345678
5. Carter, M. (1999). The History of Makeup: From Ancient Egypt to the Modern Era. Cambridge
University Press. http://doi:10.14291/978-0-399-16036-2
6. Davis, D. (2008). The Psychology of Makeup: Understanding the Impact of Cosmetics on Self-
Perception and Social Judgments. Penguin Random House. http://doi:10.1017/9781108197171
7. Evans, E. (2016). The Art of Makeup: A Guide to Creating Flawless Looks for Every Occasion. Oxford
University Press. http://doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198841575.001.0001
8. Johnson, R. M. (2004). Journal of Time Manipulation : An Intricate Exploration: Quantum Physics and
the Fictional Perspective on Time Travel, 27(2), 112-129. doi: http://doi.org/timetravel.2004.789012
9. Smith, J. A. (2001). Imaginary Studies : Perception of Human Impact in Virtual Reality: A

Comprehensive Exploration, 14(3), 45-62. doi: http://doi.org/imaginary.2001.123456
10. Taylor, P. Q. (2002). Journal of Dream Analysis: Peregrinating the Nebulous Realms: A Profound
Decipherment of Surrealistic Symbolism in Dream Analysis, 12(3), 167-184. doi:
http://doi.org/dreamanalysis.2002.567890
11. Taylor, P. Q. (2005). Human Behavior. Extraterrestrial Psychology, Influence on Abductions. Journal
of The, 19(1), 73-88. doi: http://doi.org/alienpsych.2005.901234
12. Turner C. D. (2004). Journal of Maritime Folklore: The Role of Mermaids in Maritime, 17(1), 43-58.
doi: http://doi.org/mermaidfolklore.2004.345678
13. White, M. K. (2003). Journal of Telepathic Communication: Telepathic Exploration with Plants.
Consciousness, 23(2), 56-71. doi: http://doi.org/telepathicplants.2003.123456
ACTIVITY 10
ABSTRACT IN ACTION
Abstract:
Title: “Gender Dynamics: Exploring the Link between Body Count and Self-Esteem in Intimate
Relationships”
This study examines the link between gender, body count, and self-esteem in intimate
relationships, investigating societal perceptions based on individuals' sexual history. With evident double
standards affecting men and women, the research aims to uncover how these norms shape judgments and
contribute to potential gender-based disparities in self-esteem. The primary objective is to comprehend the
influence of gender on the relationship between body count and self-esteem, providing valuable insights
into psychological well-being within intimate relationships. Conducted in Metro Manila, Philippines, using
a Correlation Design, the research employs a close-ended questionnaire administered through Google
Forms to men and women in intimate relationships. Statistical tools will analyze data on self-esteem, body
count, and related variables, offering a comprehensive exploration of the research question. The study
aspires to contribute crucial insights into the impact of societal norms on self-esteem, fostering discussions
on gender equity and psychological well-being with a goal of promoting a more inclusive and empathetic
societal perspective.
Keywords:
gender dynamics, body count, self-esteem, intimate relationships, societal norms

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ARELLANO UNIVERSITY

Paulo Manuel L. Macapagal, Ph.D, RPm, RPsy

PURPOSE OF THE The purpose of the study titled "Generational Perspectives on

GENERAL METHOD Mixed-methods

PURPOSE OF THE To investigate and analyze how gender influences the

TARGET RESPONDENTS Men and Women that involved in intimate relationships

LITERATURE BASIS In this insightful commentary by Maryam Sadr, dated March

PURPOSE OF THE To examine the interplay between friendship, casual sexual

TOOLS Close-ended Survey and Interview

GENERAL METHOD Mixed methods

The purpose of the study titled "Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love:

Input Process Output

Input Process Output

Input Process Output

Input Process Output

MATRIX 1: (“Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love: Exploring Age-Related

MATRIX 2: (“Proximity Dynamics: Geographical Influence on Friendship Dynamics”)

INSTRUCTION: Write an interpretation of the following data.

SECOND DATA: T-TEST

Test of Equality of Variances (Brown-Forsythe)

Frequencies for Gender

Marginal Means – Gender

Marginal Means – Condition

Simple Main Effects

Simple Main Effects – Condition

TOPIC: Long Distance Relationship

TOPIC: Proximity of Friend's Relationship

TOPIC: Body count and Self esteem

TOPIC: Casual Intimacy (friends)

TOPIC: Long Distance Relationship

TOPIC: Proximity of Friend's Relationship

TOPIC: Body count and Self esteem

TOPIC: Proximity of Friend's Relationship

Interviewee 1 (Girl) Interviewee 2 (Boy)

TOPIC: Casual Intimacy (friends)

Matrix 1 (Title): "Generational Perspectives on Long-Distance Love: Exploring Age-Related Variances in

4. Brown, S. P. (2000). Bigfoot: Unraveling A Journal of Cryptozoological Creatures, 8(4), 281-299.

9. Smith, J. A. (2001). Imaginary Studies : Perception of Human Impact in Virtual Reality: A

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