Q1. The diagram shows a boat using an echo sounder.

It sends a pulse of sound waves which

is reflected from the sea bottom. The reflected sound waves are detected by a sensitive
microphone.

The time between sending and receiving the pulse is 0.005 s. The device calculates the depth
of the sea, using the speed of sound in sea water, which is 1500 m/s.

(a) Calculate the depth of the sea. Show your working.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks

(b) The boat moves into very deep water. Explain why the reflected pulse is too weak to
be detected.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The boat’s ‘echo sounder’ could not be used in an aeroplane to measure its height
above the ground unless it had been modified.

Explain why the device will not give correct heights above the ground.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q2. The diagram below shows three trolleys.
Peter put a bar magnet on each trolley.

(a) He pushed trolleys A, B and C together.

• Magnet B attracted magnet A.

• Magnet B repelled magnet C.

On the diagram above, label the north and south poles of

magnets A and C.
Use the letters N and S.
2 marks

(b) Peter turned trolley B around. Trolleys A and C were not turned around.

What would happen now when Peter pushed them all together?
Use either attract or repel to complete each sentence below.

Magnet B would .................................... magnet A.

Magnet B would .................................... magnet C.

1 mark

(c) Peter held two trolleys close together and then let go.

The magnets repelled each other.

Draw an arrow on both magnets to show which way they would move.
1 mark
 (d) Peter took a magnet, a steel bar and an aluminium bar.

He put them on three trolleys as shown below.

(i) What happens to the steel bar as he moves it closer to the magnet?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) What happens to the aluminium bar as he moves it closer to the magnet?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q3. (a) The diagram below shows a fish tank.

The surface of the water acts like a mirror.

The fish can see the snail reflected in the surface of the water.

Draw a ray of light which passes from the snail, and reflects from the surface, to
show how the fish can see the snail. Use a ruler.

Put arrows on the ray of light.

3 marks
(b) Andrew is looking at the snail.

When a ray of light passes from water to air it changes direction.

(i) Draw a ray of light from the snail to Andrew to show how Andrew can see
the snail. Use a ruler.

Put arrows on the ray of light.

2 marks

(ii) What is the name given to this change in the direction of a ray of light?

.............................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q4. Jenny is doing her homework.

(a) When Jenny writes, the pencil exerts a force of 5N on the paper.

not to scale

The area of the pencil in contact with the paper is 0.5 mm2.

Calculate the pressure of the pencil on the paper.

Give the unit.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) Jenny puts a book on her desk.
She lifts the cover up with her finger, using a force of 0.5 N.
The cover is 10 cm wide.

Calculate the turning moment on the cover of the book.

Give the unit.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks

(c) Jenny’s book has an area of 200 cm2.

It exerts a pressure of 0.05 N/cm2 on the desk.

What is the weight of the book?

Use the space below to show your working.

_______ N

2 marks
maximum 6 marks
M1. (a) distance travelled by pulse = 7.5m
accept ‘time to sea bed = 0.0025s’
1

depth of sea = 3.75m

the unit is required for the mark consequential marking applies
accept half the distance travelled by the pulse accept the correct
answer with no working for both marks
1

(b) any one from

• the energy spreads out

accept ‘it or the signal spreads out’

• the energy is absorbed by the water

accept ‘it or the signal is absorbed by the water’
accept ‘it is drowned out by noise’
accept ‘the echo sounder or the signal made by
the echo sounder is not powerful enough’
do not accept ‘the signal is not powerful enough’
1

(c) because the speed of sound in air is different from that in water
accept ‘the speed of sound in air is less’
accept ‘the speed of sound in air is 330m/s’
1
[4]

M2. marks may be awarded for part (a) if the magnets are correctly
labelled in part (b) and no answer is given in part (a)

(a) • Magnet A

both poles are required for the mark

1 (L4)

• Magnet C
 both poles are required for the mark
1 (L4)

(b) • repel

• attract
answers must be in the correct order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L4)

(c) •

both arrows are required for the mark

1 (L4)

(d) • it is attracted
accept ‘it gets faster’
1 (L4)

• nothing
accept ‘it is not attracted or repelled’
accept ‘it is not attracted’
accept ‘it is not repelled’
‘they stick together’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘it repels’
1 (L4)
[6]

M3. (a) • a straight line from the snail to the surface and
from the surface to the fish
the line must reach the fish within the tolerance
shown below the ray must be continuous
ignore an incident ray towards the snail
ignore rays refracted at the surface
1 (L5)

• the angle of incidence should be approximately

equal to the angle of reflection
the line must reach the surface of the
water within the tolerance shown below
1 (L6)
 • arrow pointing towards the fish or away from the snail
accept a single arrow in the correct direction
on either the incident or the reflected ray
if two arrows are drawn, they must both be
in the correct direction

1 (L5)

(b) (i) • a ray from the snail to Andrew’s eye bending at the surface
both parts of the ray must be straight and
must slope upwards and to the right
the ray must be continuous
ignore any incident rays drawn towards the snail
the ray must bend further away from the normal
at the surface as it goes from water to air
1 (L6)

• an arrow pointing towards Andrew on any part of the ray

if two arrows are drawn, they must both be in the
correct direction

1 (L6)

(ii) • refraction
1 (L6)
[6]
##

(a) • 10

accept ‘ ’ if the answer is not evaluated

1 (L7)

• N/mm2
accept, for two marks, ‘107 Pa’
‘107’ is insufficient
accept ‘Nmm-2’
do not accept ‘n’ for ‘N’
1 (L7)

(b) • 5
accept ‘10 × 0.5’ if the answer is not evaluated
1 (L7)

• N cm
accept ‘cm N’
do not accept ‘n’ for ‘N’
accept, for two marks, ‘0.05 Nm’
‘0.05’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

(c) • (weight = 200 × 0.05 =) 10

accept ‘(force = area × pressure =) 10’
accept, for one mark, ‘0.05 × 200’ if not evaluated or evaluated
incorrectly
award two marks for the correct numerical
answer, whether or not correct working has been shown
if the answer is incorrect, award one mark for a rearranged
equation showing explicitly how to calculate weight or force e.g.
‘force or weight = area × pressure’
2 (L7)
[6]