Staircase 7.31.23-1

STAIRCASE
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION II
Lecture No.1
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INTRODUCTION
 A stair is a series of steps with

or without landings or platforms
which is installed between two or
more floors of a building to
bridge a large vertical gap or
distance.
 Stairs is a set of steps which

give access from floor to floor.
The room or enclosure of the

building, in which stair is
located is known as staircase.
Contd…
-Can also be
referred as stairway,
stair well , staircase,
flight of stairs
-Alternative to
stairs:
-Ladder, Ramp, Lift,
Escalators , moving
walkways or ramps.
Contd…
Staircase provide access &
communication between floors
in multi-storey buildings and
also act as an Escape Route
Therefore it must be enclosed

by fire resisting walls, floors,
ceilings and doors.
It must be designed to carry

certain loads, which are similar to
those used for design of the floors.
Stairs may be constructed of

Timber, Bricks, Stone,
Steel or Reinforced Cement
Concrete.
TECHNICAL TERMS
TECHNICAL TERMS
STEP:- It is a portion of stair which
permits
Ascent(climb) or descent(downward).A
stair is composed of a set of steps.
TREAD:- It is a upper horizontal portion

of a step upon which foot is placed while
ascending or descending.
RISER:- It is a vertical portion of a step

providing support to the tread.
LANDING:- It is level platform at the

top or bottom of a flight between the
floors.
FLIGHT:- This is an unbroken series of

steps between landing.
TECHNICAL TERMS
RISE:- It is a vertical distance

between two successive tread faces.
GOING:- It is a horizontal
distance between two successive
riser faces.
NOSING:- It is the projecting part

of the tread beyond the face of riser.
SCOTIA:- It is a moulding
provided under the nosing to
provide strength to nosing.
SOFFIT:- it is the underside of a

stair.
PITCH OR SLOPE:- It is the angle
which the line of nosing of the stair makes
with the horizontal.
STRINGS OR STRINGERS:- These are
the slopping members which support the
steps in a stair.
NEWEL POST:- Newel post is a vertical
member which is placed at the ends of
flight to connects the ends of strings and
hand rail.
BALUSTER:- It is vertical member of
wood or metal, supporting the hand rail.
HEAD ROOM:- It is the clear
vertical distance between the tread
and overload structure
WINDERS are tapering steps which

are provided for changing the
direction of a stair. They are angular
or radiating steps and are provided to
change the direction in the stairs.
REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD
STAIRCASE
1. LOCATION
a)They should be located near the main entrance to
the building.
(b)There should be easy access from all the rooms
without disturbing the privacy of the rooms.
(c)There should be spacious approach.
(d)Good light and ventilation should be available
2. WIDTH OF STAIR
(a)It should be wide enough to carry the user
without much crowd on inconvenience.
(b)In Residential building, a 900 MM wide stair is
sufficient while in public 1500 to 1800 MM width may
required.
3. LENGTH OF FLIGHT
(a)The number of steps should not be more than 12
& less than 3 from comfort point of view.
STAIRCASE
4. PITCH OF STAIR
(a)Pitch should be limited to 30deg. to 45deg.
5. HEAD ROOM
(a)Height of head room should not be less than 2100
to 2300 m.
6. BALUSTRADE
(a)Stair should always provided with balustrade.
STAIRCASE
5. STEP DIMENSION
(a)The rise and going should be of such dimensions
as to provide comfort to users.
(b)The going should not be less than 250mm, though
300 mm going is quite comfortable.
(c)The rise should be between 150 to 175 mm.
(d)The width of landing should not be less than
width of stair.
6. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
(a)The material should have fire resistance and
sufficient strong.
STAIRCASE
5. STEP DIMENSION
(a)The rise and going should be of such dimensions
as to provide comfort to users.
(b)The going should not be less than 25 cm, though
30 cm going is quite comfortable.
(c)The rise should be between 10 to 15 cm.
(d)The width of landing should not be less than
width of stair.
6. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
(a)The material should have fire resistance and
sufficient strong.
STAIRCASE
THUMB RULES FOR

DIMENSIONS OF STEP
(a) (2 X Rise in cm) + (Going in cm) = 60
(b) (Rise in cm) + (Going in cm) = 40 to 45
(c) (Rise in cm) X (Going in cm) = 400 to 450
TYPES OF STEPS
(a) Flier
Flier is an ordinary step of uniform
width and rectangular shape
(b) Bull Nose
Bullnose step is generally provided at
the bottom of the flight. It usually
projects in front of the newel post and it
ends near the newel forming the
quadrant of a circle as shown in figure.
TYPES OF STEPS
.
Round ended step is similar to the bull nose step the
only difference is it has semi-circular end which project
out of the stringer
TYPES OF STEPS
(d) Splayed step is also
provided at the beginning of
the flight with its end near the
newel post
(e) Commode is also

provided at the beginning
of the flight, it has curved
tread and riser
(f) Dancing steps are those which do not radiate
from a common centre
(g) Winders are tapering

steps which radiates from a
point usually situated at
the centre of newel
CLASSIFICATION OF STAIRCASE
Straight Staircase
Turning Staircase
(a)Quarter Turn
(b)Half Turn (Dog-Legged & Open well Staircase)
(c)Three-Quarter Turn Staircase
(d)Bifurcated Staircase
Continuous Staircase
(a)Circular Staircase
(b)Spiral Staircase
(c)Helical Staircase
CLASSIFICATION OF
STAIRCASE
STRAIGHT STAIRCASE
If the space available for stair case is narrow
and long - straight stairs may be provided.
all steps are in one direction.
 They may be provided in

single flight or in two flights
with landing between the
two flights.
commonly used as
emergency exits to cinema halls, public
buildings etc.
TURNING STAIRCASE
QUARTER TURN
Quarter turn staircase is provided when
the direction of flight is to be changed by
90 degrees to connect two different levels.
 can either be obtained by introducing

quarter space landing or by providing
winders
 The landing can be provided at various Newel Quarter Turn

positions like base, top, midway, etc. to
create a different configuration of the
stairs
 These stairs are also called as L
shaped stairs.
 A quarter turn staircase is often
supported by one or two walls
 L shaped stairs are quite convenient
and elegant in appearance. Geometrical Quarter Turn
TURNING STAIRCASE
QUARTER TURN
TURNING STAIRCASE
DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE
•It consists of two straight
flights with 180° turn
•between the two.
• Most commonly used
staircase to give access from
floor to floor.
• The dog-legged stair is so
named because the slope of
the staircase is similar to the
dog's leg.
• When the available space is
equal to twice the width of
the stairs, the dog-legged
staircase is used.
• the advantage of this
staircase lies in its compact
layout and better circulation.
OPEN WELL STAIRCASE
 It differs from dog legged
stairs such that in this
case there is 1.0 m gap between
the two
adjacent flights.
 The open newel stair is a
convenient type of stair and is
generally used in public
buildings.
OPEN WELL STAIRCASE
This type of stair consists of two or more
flights arranging a well or opening
between the backward and forward flights.
 When all the steps are difficult to arrange

in two flights, a short third flight of 3 to 5
steps may be provided
GEOMETRICAL
STAIRCASE
• This type of stair is

similar to the open newel
stair except that well
formed between the two
adjacent flights is
curved.
• The hand rail provided
is continuous.
BIFURCATED STAIRCASE
• Split Stairs are also known as bifurcated

stairs
• a wide set of stairs starting at the bottom
that ends at a landing partway up the flight.
• The stairs split at the landing into two
narrower sets of stairs leading in opposite
directions.
•
CIRCULAR STAIRCASE
STONE STAIRS
TIMBER STAIRCASE
TIMBER STAIRCASE
1. Calculate Rise and Run

2. Cut Stringers
3. Install Treads And
Risers

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STAIRCASE

 A stair is a series of steps with

 Stairs is a set of steps which

The room or enclosure of the

Therefore it must be enclosed

It must be designed to carry

Stairs may be constructed of

TREAD:- It is a upper horizontal portion

RISER:- It is a vertical portion of a step

LANDING:- It is level platform at the

FLIGHT:- This is an unbroken series of

RISE:- It is a vertical distance

NOSING:- It is the projecting part

SOFFIT:- it is the underside of a

WINDERS are tapering steps which

THUMB RULES FOR

(e) Commode is also

(g) Winders are tapering

all steps are in one direction.

 They may be provided in

 can either be obtained by introducing

 The landing can be provided at various Newel Quarter Turn

 When all the steps are difficult to arrange

• This type of stair is

• Split Stairs are also known as bifurcated

1. Calculate Rise and Run

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