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Final Report Maam Ency

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What Is a Social Enterprise?

A social enterprise or social business is defined as a business with specific social objectives that serve its
primary purpose. Social enterprises seek to maximize profits while maximizing benefits to society and
the environment, and the profits are principally used to fund social programs.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

A social enterprise is a business with social objectives.

Maximizing profits is not the primary goal of a social enterprise as is with a traditional business.

Unlike a charity, social enterprises pursue endeavors that generate revenues, which fund their social
causes.

Regarding employment, preference is given to job-seekers from at-risk communities.

Funding for a social enterprise is often obtained by selling services and goods.

Understanding Social Enterprises

The concept of a social enterprise was developed in the U.K. in the late 1970s to counter the traditional
commercial enterprise.

Social enterprises exist at the intersection of the private and volunteer sectors. They seek to balance
activities that provide financial benefits with social goals, such as housing for low-income families or job
training.

Funding is obtained primarily by selling goods and services to consumers, although some funding is
obtained through grants. Because profit-maximization is not the primary goal, a social enterprise
operates differently than a standard company.

While earning profits is not the primary motivation behind a social enterprise, revenue still plays an
essential role in the venture's sustainability. Sustainable revenue differentiates a social enterprise from a
traditional charity that relies on outside funding to fulfill its social mission. This goal does not mean
social enterprises cannot be profitable. Instead, it's simply that their priority is to reinvest profits into
their social mission rather than fund payouts to shareholders.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) identifies social enterprises as
being highly participatory, with stakeholders actively involved and a minimum number of paid
employees.

Social Enterprise vs. Social Entrepreneurship

A social enterprise is not to be confused with social entrepreneurship, which focuses on individuals who
develop solutions to social and environmental problems using existing business techniques and
strategies. Social entrepreneurs seek innovative ways to drive change, whereas social enterprises form
to fulfill a business purpose and solve societal needs through their commercial activities.

Examples of a Social Enterprise

Many social enterprises successfully maximize improvements in social well-being. For example, Warby
Parker is an American eyeglass retailer that donates a pair of glasses to someone in need for every pair
sold. TOMS, a California-based retailer, similarly has pledged to donate a pair of shoes or sunglasses for
every pair sold. Also, Radicle trains businesses and gives them software tools to track and cut their
greenhouse gas emissions.

One crucial group within the social enterprise ecosystem is the beneficiaries and customers who use the
services that social businesses and nonprofits provide. Customers are those who pay for a good or
service, while beneficiaries are those whom an organisation seeks to help. In some social enterprises
(for example, a low-cost grocery store located in a ‘food desert’), these two groups may be the same; in
other models, they may be different. However, both customers and beneficiaries provide crucial
feedback that shapes the ways in which social enterprises devise and refine their aims and models.

Governments are also an important part of the social enterprise ecosystem. Governments play a key
role in setting collective priorities for addressing social needs, and they provide funding and other
support for innovations and initiatives that meet those needs. Government policies may also expand or
limit the available options for social enterprise models – for example, by determining how certain types
of organisations are taxed and regulated. We will learn more about what the UK government has done
to promote social enterprise in the next step.
In addition to the government, other funding sources enable social enterprises to start up – and scale up
– their innovations. These funders include impact investors who seek both a financial and a social return,
as well as foundations and other traditional philanthropic organisations that provide grants to nonprofit
social enterprises. The availability, flexibility, and conditions of funding may determine which
organisations grow and thrive, and which fail to get past the initial idea phase.

Universities, independent research organisations, and other institutions can also support social
enterprise by evaluating the impact of different models and disseminating relevant research findings. In
this area, the role of enabling organisations, which open channels of communication and collaboration
among all of the key players discussed above, is especially important.

Finally, peer organisations also form a crucial part of the social enterprise ecosystem. Social enterprises
may compete for funding or customers with one another or with other nonprofits or businesses, but
they can also share information and best practices, collaborate, and support complementary initiatives.

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