UCSP

FORMS AND
FUNCTIONS OF
STATE AND NON-
STATE INSTITUTION
Lesson 6
State
A state is an organized political community acting under
a government and united by common set of laws.
It uses absolute power in directing the path of a society.
It also uses complete political coerciveness, which may
come in the form of armed forces personnel, stricter laws,
and rigid government policies in order to attain its societal
goals and objectives.
State
Market exchange is the primary form of economic
subsistence of a state wherein standardized currencies
are being used to exchange commodities.
States differ in sovereignty, governance, geography, and
interests.
It may be classified as sovereign if they are not
dependent on, or subject to, any other power or state.
Other states are subject to external sovereignty where
ultimate sovereignty lies another state.
State
The concept of the state is different from the concept of
government.
A government is the particular group of people that
controls the state at a given time.
In other words, governments are the means through which
the state power us employed like applying the rule of law.
State
The concept of the state is also different from the concept
of a nation, which refers to a large geographical area and
the people therein who perceives themselves as having a
common identity.
The state is a political geopolitical entity; the nation is a
cultural or ethnic entity.
State
As a state, it consists of actors with varying interests and
assertions, social rules are implemented in the forms of
laws.
These laws are created to manage the interaction among
individuals and between the individuals and the state.
As a citizen of a country, an individual is subjected to the
legal norms in the territory.
These norms may include paying taxes, rendering military
services, and contributing to the political life in the society.
State
The State intends to be a strong actor in the performance
of the three important political functions. The state, in full
form,
1. maintains control over violence in its domain
2. allocates resources and rewards at its discretion, and
3. stands as the major focus of identity for the large
majority of the people under its authority.
Elements of the States
1. Population. It is the people who make the state.
Population is essential for the state. Without population
there can be no State.
2. Territory. There can be no state without a fixed territory.
People need territory to live and organize themselves
socially and politically. It may be remembered that the
territory of the states includes land, water and airspace.
Elements of the States
3. Government. It is the organization or machinery or
agency of the State which makes, implements, enforces,
and adjudicates the laws of the state.
4. Sovereignty. It is the most exclusive elements of State.
Without sovereignty no state can exist. State has the
exclusive title and prerogative to exercise supreme power
over all its people and territory. It is the basis which the
State regulates all aspects of the life of the people living in
its territory.
Forms of States
States come in a variety of forms that vary on who holds
power, how positions of leadership are obtained, and how
authority is maintained. These are:
a. Authoritarian Government Authoritarian governments
differ in who holds power and in how control they assume
over those who govern. An example of this type is
Monarchy.
Forms of States
States come in a variety of forms that vary on who holds
power, how positions of leadership are obtained, and how
authority is maintained. These are:
b. Oligarchic Government An oligarchy is a form of
government in which power effectively rests with a small-
elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth,
family, military, or religious hegemony. An oligarchy does
not have one clear ruler, but several powerful people who
rule. One common example is theocracy.
Forms of States
States come in a variety of forms that vary on who holds
power, how positions of leadership are obtained, and how
authority is maintained. These are:
c. Democratic Government Democracy is a form of
government in which the right to governs is held by the
majority of citizens within a country or a state. The two
principles of democracy are that all citizens have equal
access to power and that all citizens enjoy universally
recognized freedoms and liberties.
Roles of the States
1. State provides security against external aggressions and
war. For this purpose, the state maintains an army.
2. State ensures security against internal disturbances
disorders and crimes. For this purpose, the state maintains
police.
3. State legally grants and guarantees the rights of the
people.
4. The state issues and regulates currency and coinage.
Roles of the States
5. State undertakes steps for the creation of necessary
conditions for the socio-economic-politico-cultural
development of the people.
6. State grants citizenship and protects their interests and
rights.
7. State conducts foreign relations, foreign trade and
economic relations.
8. State secures the goals of national interest in
international relations
Nonstate Institutions
Nonstate institutions are people and/ or organization that
participate in international affairs and relations but are not
affiliated with any state or nation.
These nonstate institutions include the following: bank and
corporations, cooperatives and trade unions, transnational
advocacy groups, and development agencies and
international organizations.
These nonstate institutions are equally capable of
influencing policy formation and implementation.
Nonstate Institutions
a. Banks Bank is a financial institution licensed to provide
several financial services to different types of customers.
Banks are in operation mainly for their deposits and
lending functions.
Nonstate Institutions
b. Corporations It is a form of business operation that
declares the business as a separate entity guided by a
group of officers known as the Board of Directors. They
were created by individuals, stockholders or shareholders,
with the purpose of operating for profit. They have all legal
rights of an individual, except for the right to vote and
certain limitations. They are given the right to exist by the
state that issues their charter.
Nonstate Institutions
c. Cooperatives Cooperatives are people-centers
enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their
members to realize their common economic, social, and
cultural needs and aspirations. Cooperatives are
businesses governed on the principle of one member, one
vote.
Nonstate Institutions
d. Trade Unions/Labor Unions. Trade Unions are
organizations formed by workers from related fields that
work for common interest of its members. They help
workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working
environment, hours of work and benefits. They represent a
cluster of workers and provide a link between the
management and workers.
Nonstate Institutions
e. Transnational Advocacy Groups Transnational Advocacy
Groups (TAGs) play an increasingly important role in
international and regional politics and have contributed to
changing policies of multilateral organizations and states.
They are particularly visible in contentious areas as human
rights, environmental issues, international peace, and
women’s rights.
Nonstate Institutions
f. Development Agencies Development Agencies have
been established to develop the cooperation between the
public sector, private sector, and civil society. These are
organizations with specific aims and goals. The common
denominator among these organizations is the term
development.
Nonstate Institutions
Types of Development Agencies
1. International Organization is an institution with membership
drawn from two or more countries. Its activities transcend
national boundaries as it facilitates cooperation among its
members in the performance of one or more tasks.
2. Non-government Organization is a non-profit group that
functions independently of any government. It serves the
social or political goals such as humanitarian and
environmental causes.
 Interrelationship of Government and
Non-state Institutions
Government rules society. This reflects how powerful
government institution can be. If nonstate institutions interfere
with the governing body, two possible things can happen:

1. Integration among these two institutions may take place to