Electricity and Circuits

Electricity and Circuits
By Jocelyn Pern, Shakaani Nasankar,

and Danielle Aguiar
I don’t get electricity jokes. Watts so
funny about them?
“... the set of physical phenomena associated

with the presence and motion of electric charge”
(Wikipedia)
Electricity In other words…
A form of energy caused by charged particles

What does a light bulb eat for fresh
breath?
The Energy The Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be

created or destroyed, only altered from one form to another.
Theory
Fila-mint!
Positive vs. Positive charge = lose electrons
Negative Negative charge = gain electrons
Charge
Static - particles stay together

Static vs. Dynamic - particles move in same direction
Dynamic
Voltage voltage - measure of energy between two points
● supplied by a battery/power supply

● measured in Volts (V)
● can be measured using a voltmeter
vs.
Current
current - direction of the flow of charged particles
● flows from positive to negative potentials

● measured in Ampere (amp)
Direct and
Alternating
Currents
What’s an electrician’s favorite ice
cream flavor?
circuit- a closed path where electricity flows

Circuits where a battery is energy source
Shock-a-late
❏ shows the layout of a circuit
❏ uses symbols for the electrical
components instead of realistic pictures
❏
Schematic Diagram shows current, voltage, and resistance
❏ I = current
❏ V = voltage
❏ R = resistance
● parts of a circuit
● loads (such as resistors, capacitors, and
Circuit Components inductors)
Resistors resistors - controls the current flowing through a circuit
❏ less resistance = more current

❏ measured in Ohms (Ω)
❏ Related to Ohm’s Law (V=IR)
❏ color strips around resistor tell the amount of resistance
Capacitors capacitors - two charged plates (positive and negative) that
resist sudden shifts in the Voltage
❏ when fully charged, the current stops because it

becomes an open circuit
❏ stores energy in an electric field
Inductors inductors - a coil that stores energy in the form of a magnetic
field and resists sudden changes in the current
Switches switch- a component that opens and closes
● can be used to open and close a circuit

● light switch- when you turn the light on, you close the
circuit, vice versa
What kind of car does a electrician drive?
Circuit Properties
Volts-Wagon!!!
Open Circuit ● Open circuits do not allow an electrical current to flow
through the circuit.
○ Air is not a good conductor, therefore the electricity cannot
flow through to the next component or wire.
vs.
Closed ● Closed circuits are complete and allows electricity to

Circuit flow through.
● In a series circuit, the electrical components share a
Series current flow and have common nodes.
vs.
Parallel ● In a parallel circuit, the electrical current splits paths and

comes back to the negative terminal of the power
source.
❏ German physicist who created laws to
calculate currents, voltages, and more
Kirchhoff’s Laws ❏ also extended the theory of Georg Ohm
Kirchhoff’s
Current Law
(KCL)
❏ the sum of all currents entering a node is equal to the
sum of those leaving
❏ based on conservation of charge
❏ also referred to as the junction rule
❏ can be used to solve for I, V, and R in a circuit with
unknown quantities
Kirchhoff’s
Voltage Law
(KVL) ❏ the sum of all voltage changes around a complete path
is equal to 0
❏ based on the conservation of energy
❏ similar to displacement
❏ can be used to solve for I, V, and R in a circuit with
unknown quantities
❏ also referred to as the loop rule
What do you call a detective electrician?
M re About Circuits
Sherlock Ohms!
A short circuit is when you connect a wire directly from the
positive end to the negative end of the power supply. DO NOT
DO THIS! This can cause explosions.
What is a
Short
Circuit?
Circuits are incorporated into our lives in many
Circuits and Our ways. They are used in nearly every type of
item that uses electricity, from a phone to a
Lives lamp.
What did the baby light bulb say to the

momma light bulb? I love you watts and watts!
Example of
a Circuit
Another example of a circuit is a device I built with a
few of my classmates at school for a competition. It will
alert the guardian of an child if it is too hot inside the
car for the child via a buzzer and LED lights. This
device uses a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor,
and the alert system. It uses a battery as the power
Another source.
Example of
a Circuit
Thank You!
Shoutout to Aixa, Catherine, Cynthia, and Dora for being wonderful coordinators
and teachers, teaching us about computer science and engineering!

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Electricity and Circuits

By Jocelyn Pern, Shakaani Nasankar,

“... the set of physical phenomena associated

Electricity In other words…

A form of energy caused by charged particles

The Energy The Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be

Negative Negative charge = gain electrons

Static - particles stay together

● supplied by a battery/power supply

● flows from positive to negative potentials

circuit- a closed path where electricity flows

❏ less resistance = more current

❏ when fully charged, the current stops because it

● can be used to open and close a circuit

Closed ● Closed circuits are complete and allows electricity to

Parallel ● In a parallel circuit, the electrical current splits paths and

What did the baby light bulb say to the

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