JNC 8 Hypertension Guideline Algorithm
JNC 8 Hypertension Guideline Algorithm
JNC 8 Hypertension Guideline Algorithm
Strategy Description
Age ≥ 60 years Age < 60 years All Ages All Ages and Races Start one drug, titrate to maximum
Diabetes present CKD present with or
A
dose, and then add a second drug.
No CKD without diabetes
BP Goal BP Goal B Start one drug, then add a second
< 150/90 < 140/90 drug before achieving max dose of
BP Goal BP Goal first
< 140/90 < 140/90
C Begin 2 drugs at same time, as
separate pills or combination pill.
Initiate ACEI or ARB, Initial combination therapy is
Nonblack Black
alone or combo recommended if BP is greater than
w/another class 20/10mm Hg above goal
Initiate thiazide, ACEI, ARB, Initiate thiazide or CCB,
or CCB, alone or in combo alone or combo
Lifestyle changes:
Yes • Smoking Cessation
At blood pressure goal?
• Control blood glucose and lipids
No
• Diet
Reinforce lifestyle and adherence Eat healthy (i.e., DASH diet)
Titrate medications to maximum doses or consider adding another medication (ACEI, ARB, CCB, Thiazide) Moderate alcohol consumption
Reduce sodium intake to no
Yes more than 2,400 mg/day
At blood pressure goal?
• Physical activity
No
Moderate-to-vigorous activity
Reinforce lifestyle and adherence 3-4 days a week averaging 40
Add a medication class not already selected (i.e. beta blocker, aldosterone antagonist, others) and titrate min per session.
above medications to max (see back of card)
Yes
At blood pressure goal? Continue tx and monitoring
No
Reference: James PA, Ortiz E, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management
Reinforce lifestyle and adherence of high blood pressure in adults: (JNC8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20
Titrate meds to maximum doses, add another med and/or refer to hypertension specialist
Card developed by Cole Glenn, Pharm.D. & James L Taylor, Pharm.D.
Compelling Indications
Hypertension Treatment
Indication Treatment Choice
Heart Failure ACEI/ARB + BB + diuretic + spironolactone
X CCB
Post –MI/Clinical CAD ACEI/ARB AND BB C
CAD ACEI, BB, diuretic, CCB B Beta-1 Selective Beta-blockers – possibly safer in patients
with COPD, asthma, diabetes, and peripheral vascular
Diabetes ACEI/ARB, CCB, diuretic disease:
• metoprolol
CKD ACEI/ARB • bisoprolol
Recurrent stroke prevention ACEI, diuretic • betaxolol
• acebutolol
Pregnancy labetolol (first line), nifedipine, methyldopa
terazosin 1-5mg, doxazosin 1-4mg given at bedtime Alpha-blockers may cause orthostatic hypotension
Centrally-acting clonidine 0.1-0.2mg twice daily, methyldopa 250-500mg twice daily Clonidine available in weekly patch formulation for
Agents resistant hypertension
guanfacine 1-3mg
ANALISIS
ABSTRAK
ipertensi merupakan salah satu pen akit an palin umum ditemukan dalam kedokteran primer. Komplikasi hipertensi dapat men enai
berba ai or an tar et seperti antun otak in al mata dan arteri peri er. Kerusakan or an-or an tersebut ber antun pada seberapa
tin i tekanan darah dan seberapa lama tekanan darah tin i tersebut tidak terkontrol dan tidak diobati. Studi menun ukkan bahwa
penurunan rerata tekanan darah sistolik dapat menurunkan risiko mortalitas akibat pen akit antun iskemik atau stroke. Salah satu guideline
terbaru an dapat di adikan acuan di Indonesia adalah guideline Joint National Committee JNC tahun 2014. ekomendasi JNC dibuat
berdasarkan bukti-bukti dari berba ai studi acak terkontrol. Dua poin baru an pentin dalam guideline JNC ini adalah perubahan
tar et tekanan darah sistolik pada pasien berusia 60 tahun ke atas men adi 150 mm dan tar et tekanan darah pada pasien dewasa
den an diabetes atau pen akit in al kronik berubah men adi 140/90 mm . odi kasi a a hidup meskipun tidak di elaskan secara
detail u a tetap masuk dalam al oritma JNC ini.
ABSTRACT
pertension is one o the most common diseases ound in primar medical service. Complications o h pertension ma mani est in
various tar et or ans such as heart brain kidne s e es and also ma include peripheral arteries. Dama e to these or ans depends
on the severit and duration o uncontrolled and untreated h pertension. Studies show that avera e s stolic blood pressure reduction can
reduce the risk o mortalit caused b ischemic heart disease or stroke. ne o the latest uidelines which can be used as a re erence in
the treatment o h pertension in Indonesia is he Joint National Committee JNC uideline published in 2014. JNC used evidence
available rom randomi ed controlled studies. wo new important points in this new uideline are the modi cation o s stolic blood
pressure tar et in patient who is 60 ears o a e revised to 150 mm and blood pressure tar et in patient with diabetes or
chronic kidne disease revised to 140/90 mm . ven thou h it is not explained in detail li est le modi ication is still a part o JNC
al orithm. Muhadi. JNC 8: Evidence-based Guideline for Management of Adult Hypertension.
Epidemiologi Hipertensi ada ra k 1 terlihat prevalensi hipertensi bertambahn a mas arakat an sudah
ipertensi merupakan salah satu pen akit berdasarkan pen ukuran men unakan memeriksakan diri ke tena a kesehatan.
an palin umum ditemukan dalam kriteria hipertensi JNC II cenderun turun revalensi hipertensi lebih tin i di
praktik kedokteran primer. enurut N I dari 31 persen pada tahun 200 men adi kelompok lan ut usia.3
(National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) 25 persen tahun 2013. Dalam laporan
1 dari 3 pasien menderita hipertensi. ISK SD S 2013 diasumsikan bahwa Komplikasi hipertensi dapat men enai
ipertensi u a merupakan aktor risiko penurunan diperkirakan ter adi karena i berba ai or an tar et seperti antun
in ark miokard stroke a al in al akut dan perbedaan alat ukur - an di unakan pen akit antun iskemik hipertro i
u a kematian.1 tahun 200 tidak diproduksi la i pada ventrikel kiri a al antun otak stroke
tahun 2013 ii kesadaran mas arakat akan in al a al in al mata retinopati
iset Kesehatan Dasar/ ISK SD S tahun kesehatan an makin membaik pada tahun u a arteri peri er klaudikasio intermiten .
2013 menun ukkan bahwa prevalensi 2013. sumsi ii terlihat pada ra k 2 bahwa Kerusakan or an-or an tersebut ber-
hipertensi di Indonesia adalah sebesar prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan dia nosis antun pada tin in a tekanan darah
26 5 .2 atau e ala menin kat. al ini menun ukkan pasien dan berapa lama tekanan darah
Tabel 2. erbandin an guideline JNC den an guideline lainn a.5 Keterbatasan JNC 85
Evidence-based guideline untuk penan anan
hipertensi pada pasien dewasa ini tidak
komprehensi dan terbatas karena review
bukti di okuskan untuk men awab 3
pertan aan kunci di atas. Dokter serin
memberikan la anan untuk berba ai
komorbiditas atau den an isu pentin
lainn a terkait hipertensi tetapi keputusan
untuk ber okus pada 3 pertan aan dian ap
relevan untuk keban akan dokter dan pasien.
Kepatuhan terhadap perawatan dan bia a
perawatan tidak dibahas tetapi panel JNC
men akui pentin n a kedua hal ini.
pasien dewasa den an pen akit pen erta Simpulan tekanan darah pada pasien dewasa de-
diabetes atau pen akit in al kronik an • ekomendasi JNC dibuat berdasarkan n an diabetes atau pen akit in al kronik
direkomendasikan guideline JNC ini bukti-bukti berba ai studi acak terkontrol men adi 140/90 mm dalam guideline
merupakan tar et an lebih achievable lebih sederhana dan akan berman aat JNC .
dibandin kan guideline sebelumn a membantu klinisi dalam menan ani pasien • ntuk semua pasien hipertensi diet
den an demikian penilaian keberhasilan hipertensi di Indonesia. sehat kontrol berat badan dan olahra a
terapi anti-hipertensi akan men adi lebih • erdapat perubahan tar et tekanan teratur berpotensi memperbaiki kontrol
baik sehin a menin katkan moral dokter darah sistolik pada pasien berusia 60 tahun tekanan darah dan bahkan men uran i
ataupun pasien hipertensi. ke atas men adi 150 mm dan tar et kebutuhan akan obat.
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