34 CBSE New Pattern ~ Mathematics XI (Term I)

03
Complex Numbers
Quick Revision
Imaginary Numbers Equality of Complex Numbers
The square root of a negative real number is called Two complex numbers z 1 = x 1 + iy 1 and
imaginary number, e.g. − 2 , − 5 etc. z 2 = x 2 + iy 2 are said to be equal, iff x 1 = x 2 and
y1 = y 2
The quantity − 1 is an imaginary unit and it is
i.e. Re (z 1 ) = Re (z 2 ) and Im (z 1 ) = Im (z 2 )
denoted by ‘i ’ called iota. Other relation ‘greater than’ and ‘less than’ are not
defined for complex number.
Integral Power of IOTA ( i )
Algebra of Complex Numbers
i = − 1, i 2 = − 1, i 3 = − i , i 4 = 1
Let z 1 = x 1 + iy 1 and z 2 = x 2 + iy 2 be any two
So, i 4n + 1 = i , i 4n + 2 = − 1, i 4n + 3 = − i , i 4n = 1 complex numbers.
(i) Addition of Complex Numbers
● For any two real numbers a and b, the result
z 1 + z 2 = ( x 1 + iy 1 ) + ( x 2 + iy 2 )
a × b = ab is true only, when atleast one of
= ( x 1 + x 2 ) + i ( y1 + y 2 )
the given numbers is either zero or positive.
Properties of addition
− a × − b ≠ ab So, i 2 = − 1 × − 1 ≠ 1
1 + z 2 is also a complex number.
● Closure z

● ‘ i ’ is neither positive, zero nor negative. ● Commutative z 1 + z 2 = z 2 + z 1

● i n + i n +1 + i n + 2 + i n + 3 = 0 ● Associative z 1 + (z 2 + z 3 ) = (z 1 + z 2 ) + z 3
Complex Numbers ● Existence of additive identity
A number of the form x + iy , where x and y are z +0=z =0+z
real numbers, is called a complex number. Here, x Here, 0 is additive identity.
is called real part and y is called imaginary part of ● Existence of Additive inverse

the complex number, i.e. Re (z ) = x and Im (z ) = y . z + ( −z ) = 0 = ( − z ) + z

Purely Real and Purely Imaginary Here, −z is additive inverse.
Complex Numbers
(ii) Subtraction of Complex Numbers
A complex number z = x + iy is a purely real if its
z 1 − z 2 = ( x 1 + iy 1 ) − ( x 2 + iy 2 )
imaginary part is 0, i.e. Im (z ) = 0 and purely
imaginary if its real part is 0 i.e. Re (z ) = 0. = ( x 1 − x 2 ) + i ( y1 − y 2 )
 (iii) Multiplication of Complex Numbers Modulus (Absolute Value) of a Complex
z 1 z 2 = ( x 1 + iy 1 ) ( x 2 + iy 2 ) Number
= ( x 1 x 2 − y1 y 2 ) + i ( x 1 y 2 + x 2 y1 ) Let z = x + iy be a complex number. Then, the
positive square root of the sum of square of real
Properties of multiplication
part and square of imaginary part is called
● Closure z z
1 2 is also a complex number. modulus (absolute values) of z and it is denoted
● Commutative z 1z 2 = z 2z 1 by | z | i.e. | z | = x 2 + y 2 .
● Associative z 1 (z 2z 3 ) = (z 1z 2 ) z 3 Properties of Modulus
● Existence of multiplicative identity (i) | z | ≥ 0
z ⋅1 = z = 1 ⋅ z (ii) If | z | = 0, then z = 0 i.e. Re (z ) = 0 = Im (z )
Here, 1 is multiplicative identity. (iii) − | z | ≤ Re (z ) ≤ | z | and − | z | ≤ IImz ) ≤ | z |
● Existence of multiplicative inverse For every
non-zero complex number z, there exists a (iv) | z | = | z | = | − z | = | − z |
complex number z 1 such that z ⋅ z 1 = 1 = z 1 ⋅ z (v) z ⋅ z = | z |2
● Distributive law z 1 (z 2 + z 3 ) = z 1z 2 + z 1 z 3
(vi) | z 1z 2 | = | z 1 | | z 2 |
(iv) Division of Complex Numbers
z1 | z1 |
z 1 x 1 + iy 1 ( x 1 x 2 + y 1 y 2 ) + i ( x 2 y 1 − x 1 y 2 ) (vii) = ,z ≠0
= = z2 |z2 | 2
z 2 x 2 + iy 2 x 22 + y 22
(viii) | z 1 + z 2 |2 = | z 1 |2 + | z 2 |2 + 2 Re (z 1z 2 )
where, z 2 ≠ 0
(ix) | z 1 − z 2 |2 = | z 1 |2 + | z 2 |2 − 2 Re (z 1 z 2 )
Conjugate of a Complex Number
Let z = x + iy , if ‘i ’ is replaced by ( − i ), then it is (x) | z 1 + z 2 | ≤ | z 1 | + | z 2 |
said to be conjugate of the complex number z and
(xi) | z 1 − z 2 | ≥ | z 1 | − | z 2 |
denoted by z , i.e. z = x − iy .
Properties of Conjugate Argand Plane
(i) (z ) = z A complex number z = a + ib can be represented
(ii) z + z = 2 Re (z ), z − z = 2i Im (z ) by a unique point P (a , b ) in the cartesian plane
referred to a pair of rectangular axes.
(iii) z = z , if z is purely real
A purely real number a, i.e. (a + 0 i ) is represented
(iv) z + z = 0 ⇔ z is purely imaginary
by the point (a , 0 ) on X-axis. Therefore, X-axis is
(v) z 1 + z 2 = z 1 + z 2 called real axis.
(vi) z 1 − z 2 = z 1 − z 2 A purely imaginary number ib i.e. (0 + i b ) is
(vii) z 1z 2 = z 1 ⋅ z 2 represented by the point (0, b ) on Y-axis.
Therefore, Y-axis is called imaginary axis. The
z  z intersection (common) of two axes is called zero
(viii)  1  = 1 , z 2 ≠ 0
z 2 z 2 complex number i.e. z = 0 + 0i .
(ix) z ⋅ z = {Re (z )} 2 + {Im (z )} 2 Similarly, the representation of complex numbers
(x) z 1z 2 + z 1 z 2 = 2 Re (z 1 z 2 ) = 2 Re (z 1z 2 ) as points in the plane is known as argand
diagram. The plane representing complex
(xi) If z = f (z 1 ), then z = f (z 1 )
numbers as points, is called complex plane or
(xii) (z )n = (z n ) argand plane or gaussian plane.
If two complex numbers z 1 and z 2 are represented Quadratic Equation
by the points P and Q in the complex plane, then An equation of the form ax 2 + bx + c , a ≠ 0 is
| z 1 − z 2 | = PQ = Distance between P and Q called quadratic equation in variable x, where a , b
Y and c are numbers (real or complex).
Imaginary Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation
axis P (z1 ) Q (z2 )
Real The roots of quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
axis a ≠ 0 are
X′
O
X −b + b 2 – 4 ac −b − b 2 – 4 ac
(0,0) α= and β = .
2a 2a
Now, if we look at these roots of quadratic
equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0; a ≠ 0, we observe that
Y′ the roots depend upon the value of the quantity
Representation of Conjugate of z b 2 − 4 ac . This quantity is known as the
on Argand Plane discriminant of the quadratic equation and
Geometrically, the mirror image of the complex denoted by D.
number z = a + ib (represented by the ordered pair There are following four cases arise :
(a , b ) about the X-axis is called conjugate of z Case I If b 2 − 4 ac = 0 i.e. D = 0,
which is represented by the ordered pair (a , − b ). b
then α =β = − .
If z = a + ib , then z = a − ib . 2a
Y Thus, if b 2 − 4 ac = 0, then the quadratic equation
P (a, b)
has real and equal roots and each equal to −b / 2a .
Case II If a , b and c are rational numbers and
X′ X b 2 − 4 ac > 0 and it is a perfect square, then
O
D = b 2 − 4 ac is a rational number and hence α
and β are rational and unequal.
Q (a , − b ) Case III If b 2 − 4 ac > 0 and it is not a perfect
Y′
square, then roots are irrational and unequal.
Representation of Modulus of z
Case IV If b 2 − 4 ac < 0, then the roots are complex
on Argand Plane
conjugate of each other.
Geometrically, the distance of the complex
number z = a + ib [represented by the ordered pair Quadratic Equations with Real
(a , b )] from origin, is called the modulus of z. Coefficients
∴ OP = (a − 0 )2 + (b − 0 )2 Let us consider the following quadratic equation
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 with real coefficients a , b , c and
= a 2 + b 2 = {Re(z )} 2 + {Im(z )} 2 = | a + ib | a ≠ 0. Also, let us assume that b 2 − 4 ac < 0. Now,
Y we can find the square root of negative real
P (a, b) numbers in the set of complex numbers.
Therefore, the solutions of the above equation are
available in the set of complex numbers which are
X′ X given by
(0, 0) O M
−b ± b 2 − 4 ac −b ± −(4 ac − b 2 )
x= =
2a 2a
−b ± 4 ac − b 2 i
Y′ =
2a
CBSE New Pattern ~ Mathematics XI (Term I) 37

Objective Questions
Multiple Choice Questions (a) 14 − 5i (b) 14 + 5i
(c) −14 + 5i (d) −14 − 5i
1. If 4x + i ( 3x − y ) = 3 + i ( −6 ), where x and
b
y are real numbers, then the values of x 10. If 3(7 + 7i ) + i (7 + 7i ) = a + ib then is
and y are a
3 33 equal to
(a) x = 3 , y = 4 (b) x = , y = (a) 2 (b) 1
4 4
(c) x = 4, y = 3 (d) x = 33 , y = 4 (c) 3 (d) −1

2. If (1 − i )x + (1 + i )y = 1 − 3i, then (x , y ) is (1 + i ) 2
11. If = x + iy then the value of x + y
equal to 2 −i
(a) (2, − 1) (b) (−2, 1) is
(c) (−2, − 1) (d) (2, 1) 1 2
(a) (b)
5 5
3. If i 103 = a + ib , then a + b is equal to 3 4
(c) (d)
(a) 1 (b) −1 5 5
(c) 0 (d) 2
12. If (1 − i )4 = a + ib, then the value of a
4. 1 + i 10
+i 20
+i 30
is a and b are respectively
(a) Real number (b) Complex number (a) −4, 0 (b) 0, − 4
(c) Natural number (d) None of these (c) 4, 0 (d) 0, 4
i 4 x +1 − i 4 x − 1 z1
5. The value of is equal to 13. If z 1 = 6 + 3i and z 2 = 2 − i , then is
2 z2
(a) i (b) −1 equal to
(c) −i (d) 0 1
(a) (9 + 12 i) (b) 9 + 12i
6. If z 1 = 2 + 3i and z 2 = 3 + 2i , then 5
1
z 1 + z 2 equals to (c) 3 + 2i (d) (12 + 9i)
5
(a) 5 + 5 i (b) 5 + 10i
3 + 5i
(c) 4 + 6 i (d) 6 + 4 i 14. The multiplicative inverse of is
4 − 3i
7. If z 1 = 2 + 3 i and z 2 = 3 − 2 i , then
equal to
z 1 − z 2 is equal to −3 29i 3 29i
(a) −1 + 5 i (b) 5 − i (a) − (b) +
34 34 34 34
(c) i + 5 (d) None of these 3 29i −1 29i
3 (c) − (d) −
−1
8. If ( −i )( 3i ) i  = a + ib then a is equal 34 34 34 34
6 
to
15. If Z 1 = 3 + 3i and Z 2 = 3 + i then
(a) 1 (b) 0 Z 
the quadrant in which  1  lies is
(c) −1 (d) 2  Z2 
9. If Z 1 = 2 + 3i and Z 2 = 1 − 4i then Z 1 Z 2 (a) First (b) Second
is equal to (c) Third (d) Fourth
16. If Z 1 = 1 + 2i and Z 2 = 2 + 3i , then sum 24. The modulus of the complex number
of Z 1 and additive inverse of Z 2 is 4 + 3i 7 is equal to
equal to (a) 5 (b) −5
(a) 1 + 2i (b) 3 + i (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) 3 + 5i (d) −1 − i
25. If Z 1 = 1 + 3i and Z 2 = 2 + 4i then
17. a + ib form of complex number | Z 2 − Z 1 | 2 is equal to
9 − i + 6 + i 3 − 9 + i 2 is given by (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 7 − 2i (b) 7 + 2i (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) −7 − 2i (d) −7 + 2i (1 + i )( 2 + i )
26. If Z = , then| Z | is equal to
18. If Z 1 = 3 + 2i and Z 2 = 2 − i then (3 + i )
Z 1 + Z 2 is given by (a) 1 (b) 0
(a) 5 − i (b) 5 + i (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) −5 + i (d) −5 − i
27. The modulus of the complex number
19. If Z 1 = 1 + i , Z 2 = 2 − i and (1 − i ) −2 + (1 + i ) −2 is equal to
Z 1 Z 2 = a + ib , then a + b is equal to (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 0
(c) 3 (d) 4
28. If Z 1 = 3 + 2i and Z 2 = 2 − 4i then the
2 −i
20. The conjugate of is equal to value of | z 1 + z 2 | 2 + | z 1 − z 2 | 2 is equal
(1 − 2i ) 2
to
−2 11 −2 11
(a) + i (b) − i (a) 11 (b) 22
25 25 25 25 (c) 66 (d) 55
2 11 2 11
(c) + i (d) − i
25 25 25 25 29. Roots of 9x 2 + 16 = 0 is given by
4   3
21. If Z 1 = 3 + 5i and Z 2 = 2 − 3i , then (a) ±  i (b) ±   i
3   4
 Z1   3  2
  is equal to (c) ±   i (d) ±   i
 Z2   2  3
9 19 9 19 30. Roots of x 2 + 2 = 0 are
(a) + i (b) − i
13 13 13 13
−9 19 −9 19 (a) ± 2i (b) 2
(c) − i (d) + i (c) 2i (d) None of these
13 13 13 13
22. Let Z 1 = 2 − i , Z 2 = − 2 + i and 31. Roots of x 2 + 3x + 9 = 0 are
Z1Z 2 −3 ± 3 3i 3 ± 3 3i
(a) (b)
= a + ib , then a is equal to 2 2
Z1 3 ± 3i −3 ± 3i
2 3 (c) (d)
(a) (b) 2 2
5 5
11 −2 32. Roots of x 2 + x + 1 = 0 are
(c) (d)
5 5 −1 ± 3i 1 ± 3i
(a) (b)
23. If Z = − 5i −15 − 6i −8 then Z is equal to 2 2
2 ± 3i −2 ± 3i
(a) −6 − 5i (b) −6 + 5i (c) (d)
(c) 6 − 5i (d) 6 + 5i 2 2
 33. Roots of 2x 2 + x + 2 = 0 is given by 39. Assertion (A) If Z 1 = 2 + 3i and
−1 ± i 7 −1 ± i 7 Z 2 = 3 − 2i , then Z 1 − Z 2 = − 1 + 5i .
(a) (b)
2 2 2 Reason (R) If Z 1 = a + ib and
(c)
1 ± 7i
(d) None of these
Z 2 = c + id , then
2 Z 1 − Z 2 = (a − c ) + i (b − d )
34. Roots of ( y + 1)( y − 3) + 7 = 0 is given by 40. Assertion (A) If (1 + i ) 6 = a + ib, then
(a) −1 ± 3i (b) 1 ± 3i b = − 8.
(c) 1 ± 2i (d) −1 ± 2i a
Reason(R) If (1 − i ) 3 = a + ib, then = 1.
35. If difference in roots of the equation b
x 2 − px + 8 = 0 is 2, then p is equal to 41. Assertion (A) If (1 + i )(x + iy ) = 2 − 5i,
(a) ± 6 (b) ± 2 −3 −7
(c) ± 1 (d) ± 5 then x = and y = .
2 2
Assertion-Reasoning MCQs Reason (R) If a + ib = c + id , then a = c
Directions (Q. Nos. 36-50) Each of these and b = d .
questions contains two statements 42. Assertion (A) Multiplicative inverse of
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Each of the 2 − 3i is 2 + 3i.
questions has four alternative choices, any Reason (R) If z = 3 + 4i , then
one of the which is the correct answer. You
Z = 3 − 4i .
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and
(d) given below. 43. Assertion (A)
(a) A is true, R is true; R is a correct ( 2 + 3i )[( 3 + 2i ) + ( 2 + i )] = 1 + 21i.
explanation of A. Reason (R) z 1 (z 2 + z 3 ) = z 1z 2 + z 1z 3 .
(b) A is true, R is true; R is not a correct
−3 
explanation of A. 44. Assertion (A) If z = 5i  i  , then z is
(c) A is true; R is false  5 
(d) A is false; R is true. equal to 3 + 0i.
36. Assertion (A) If i = −1, then i 4k
= 1, Reason (R) If z 1 = a + ib and z 2 = c + id ,
4k + 1 4k + 2 4k + 3
i = i, i = − 1 and i = − i. then z 1 + z 2 = (a + c ) + i (b + d ).
1 + 2i
Reason (R) 45. Assertion (A) If z = , then
i 4k + i 4k + 1 + i 4k +2
+ i 4k +3
= 1. 1 − 3i
1
|z | = .
37. Assertion (A) Simplest form of i −35 2
is −i. Reason (R) If z = a + ib , then
Reason (R) Additive inverse of (1 − i ) is |z | = a 2 + b 2 .
equal to −1 + i.
5 + 2i 46. Assertion (A) If x + 4iy = ix + y + 3,
38. Assertion (A) Simplest form of then x = 1 and y = 4.
1 − 2i
is 1 − 2 2i. Reason (R) The reciprocal of 3 + 7i is
Reason (R) The value of (1 + i ) (1 − i ) 5 5
3 7
is 32. equal to − i.
16 16
 100
47. Assertion (A) If z = i 9 + i 19 , then z is  1 −i 
(iii) If   = a + ib, then the values
equal to 0 + 0i. 1 + i 
Reason (R) The value of of a and b are respectively
1 + i 2 + i 4 + i 6 + .... + i 20 is equal to −1. (a) 1, 0 (b) 0, 1
(c) 1, 2 (d) 2, 1
48. Assertion (A) If x 2 + 1 = 0, then (1 + i ) 2
solution is ± i . (iv) If = x + iy, then the value of
2 −i
Reason (R) The value of i −1097 is equal x + y is
to i. 1 3 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
49. Assertion (A) If 3x + 4x + 2 = 0, then
2 5 5 5 5

equation has imaginary roots. (v) If (x + y ) + i (x − y ) = 4 + 6 i , then xy is

Reason (R) In a quadratic equation, equal to
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, if D = b 2 − 4ac is less (a) 5 (b) − 5

than zero, then the equation will have (c) 4 (d) −4

imaginary roots. 52. A complex number z is pure real if and
50. Assertion (A) Roots of quadratic only if z = z and is pure imaginary if
equation x + 3x + 5 = 0 is
2 and only if z = − z .
−3 ± i 11 Based on the above information,
x= . answer the following questions.
2
(i) If (1 + i )z = (1 − i )z , then − iz is
Reason (R) If x 2 − x + 2 = 0 is a
(a) − z (b) z
quadratic equation, then its roots are (c) z (d) z − 1
1±i 7
. (ii) z 1z 2 is
2
(a) z1 z2 (b) z1 + z2
Case Based MCQs z1 1
51. Two complex numbers Z 1 = a + ib and (c) (d)
z2 z1 z2
Z 2 = c + id are said to be equal, if a = c
and b = d . (iii) If x and y are real numbers and the
complex number
On the basis of above information,
answer the following questions. ( 2 + i )x − i (1 − i )y + 2i
+ is pure real,
(i) If ( 3a − 6 ) + 2ib = − 6b + (6 + a )i , then 4 +i 4i
the real values of a and b are the relation between x and y is
respectively (a) 8 x − 17y = 16 (b) 8 x + 17y = 16
(a) −2, 2 (b) 2,− 2 (c) 17x − 8 y = 16 (d) 17x − 8 y = − 16
(c) 3, − 3 (d) 4, 2 3 + 2i sin θ  π
(ii) If ( 2a + 2b ) + i (b − a ) = − 4i , then the (iv) If z =  0 < θ ≤  is pure
1 − 2i sin θ  2
real values of a and b are
respectively. imaginary, then θ is equal to
(a) 2, 3 (b) 2, −2 π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 6 3 12
(c) 3, 1 (d) − 2, 2
 2
(v) If z 1 and z 2 are complex numbers  19  1 25 
z −z2 (iv) The value of i +    is equal
such that 1 =1  i  
z1 + z 2 
to
z1
(a) is pure real (a) −4 (b) 4 (c) i (d) 1
z2 −39
z (v) If z = i , then simplest form of z is
(b) 1 is pure imaginary
z2 equal to
(c) z1 is pure real (a) 1 + 0i (b) 0 + i
(d) z1 and z2 are pure imaginary (c) 0 + 0i (d) 1 + i

53. We have, i = −1. So, we can write the 54. The conjugate of a complex number z ,
higher powers of i as follows is the complex number, obtained by
changing the sign of imaginary part of
(i) i 2 = − 1
z . It is denoted by z .
(ii) i 3 = i 2 ⋅ i = ( − 1) ⋅ i = − i The modulus (or absolute value) of a
(iii) i 4 = (i 2 ) 2 = ( − 1) 2 = 1 complex number, z = a + ib is defined
as the non-negative real number
(iv) i 5 = i 4 + 1 = i 4 ⋅ i = 1 ⋅ i = i a 2 + b 2 . It is denoted by | z |. i.e.
(v) i 6 = i 4 + 2 = i 4 ⋅ i 2 = 1 ⋅ i 2 = − 1 |z | = a 2 + b 2
M M M M z
In order to compute i n for n > 4, write Multiplicative inverse of z is . It is
|z |2
i n = i 4q + r for some q , r ∈ N and also called reciprocal of z .
4q
0 ≤ r ≤ 3. Then, i n
=i ⋅i r
zz =| z | 2 .
= (i ) ⋅ i = (1) ⋅ i = i .
4 q r q r r
On the basis of above information,
In general for any integer k, answer the following questions.
i 4k = 1, i 4k +1
= i , i 4k +2
= − 1 and (i) If (x − iy ) ( 3 + 5i ) is the conjugate of
4k + 3 − 6 − 24i, then the value of x + y is
i = − i.
equal to
On the basis of above information, (a) 0 (b) 1
answer the following questions. (c) 2 (d) 3
(i) The value of i 37 is equal to (ii) The value of (z + 3) (z + 3) is
(a) i (b) − i equivalent to
2
(c) 1 (d) − 1 (a) z + 3 (b) z − 3
−30 (c) z + 3
2
(d) None of these
(ii) The value of i is equal to
(a) i (b) 1 7 −z
(c) − 1 (d) − i (iii) If f (z ) = , where z = 1 + 2i ,
1−z 2
(iii) If z = i 9 +i 19 , then z is equal to then f (z ) is equal to
(a) 0 + 0i z
(b) 1 + 0i (a) (b) z
2
(c) 0+i
(c) 2 z (d) None of these
(d) 1 + 2i
 (iv) If z 1 = 1 − 3i and z 2 = − 2 + 4 i , then Case III If b 2 − 4ac > 0 and it is not a
| z 1 + z 2 | is equal to perfect square, then roots are irrational
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1 and unequal.
z +z Case IV If b 2 − 4ac < 0, then the roots
(v) If z = 3 + 4i , then is equal to
2 are complex conjugate of each other.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 Based on above information, answer
55. An equation of the form ax + bx + c , 2
the following questions
a ≠ 0 is called quadratic equation in (i) Roots of quadratic equation
variable x, where a, b and c are numbers 21
(real or complex). 2x 2 − 2 3x + = 0 are given by
8
The roots of quadratic equation 3 3 3 3
(a) ± i (b) − ± i
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 are 2 4 2 4
3 3 3 3
−b + b 2 – 4 ac (c) ± i (d) − ± i
α= 4 2 4 2
2a (ii) Roots of quadratic equation
−b − b 2 – 4 ac 25x 2 − 30x + 11 = 0 are given by
and β= .
2a 2 3 3 2
(a) ± i (b) ± i
Now, if we look at these roots of 5 5 5 5
quadratic equation 1 3 1 3
(c) ± i (d) − ± i
ax 2 + bx + c = 0; a ≠ 0, we observe that 2 2 2 2

the roots depend upon the value of the (iii) Roots of quadratic equation
quantity b 2 − 4ac . This quantity is 2x 2 + x + 1 = 0 are given by
known as the discriminant of the −1 ± 7 i 7±i
(a) (b)
quadratic equation and denoted by D. 4 4
3± 3i 3± 7 i
There are following cases : (c) (d)
4 4
Case I If b 2 − 4ac = 0 i.e. D = 0, then
(iv) Roots of quadratic equation
b − x 2 + x − 2 = 0 are given by
α =β = − .
2a
1± 7 i 1 ± 5i
Thus, if b − 4ac = 0, then the quadratic
2 (a) (b)
2 2
equation has real and equal roots and −1 ± 7 i 3 ± 2i
(c) (d)
each equal to −b / 2a. −2 4
Case II If a, b and c are rational (v) Roots of quadratic equation
numbers and b 2 − 4ac > 0 and it is a 20
3x 2 − 4x + = 0 are given by
3
perfect square, then D = b 2 − 4ac is a 2 4 4 2
(a) ± i (b) ± i
rational number and hence α and β are 3 3 3 3
rational and unequal. 3 5 3 5
(c) ± i (d) − ± i
4 4 4 4
 ANSWERS
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (a)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a)

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs
36. (c) 37. (d) 38. (d) 39. (a) 40. (b) 41. (a) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (a)
46. (d) 47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (b)

Case Based MCQs

51. (i) - (a); (ii) - (b); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (d); (v) - (b) 52. (i) - (b); (ii) - (a); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (c); (v) - (b)
53. (i) - (a); (ii) - (c); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (a); (v) - (b) 54. (i) - (a); (ii) - (a); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (a); (v) - (c)
55. (i) - (a); (ii) - (b); (iii) - (a); (iv) - (c); (v) - (a)

SOLUTIONS
1. We have, 4 x + i ( 3x − y ) = 3 + i ( −6 ) …(i) i2 −1 − 2
= = [Q i 2 = − 1]
Equating the real and the imaginary parts of 2i 2i
Eq. (i), we get −1 − i − i
= = 2 = =i [Q i 2 = − 1]
4 x = 3 , 3x − y = − 6 i i −1
which on solving simultaneously, give 6. z 1 + z 2 = ( x1 + x 2 ) + i ( y1 + y 2 ),
3 33
x = and y = . z 1 + z 2 = ( 2 + 3 i ) + ( 3 + 2i )
4 4
= ( 2 + 3) + i ( 3 + 2) = 5 + 5i
2. (1 − i ) x + (1 + i ) y = 1 − 3 i
7. Here, z 1 = 2 + 3 i , z 2 = 3 − 2i , then
( x + y ) + i( y − x ) = 1 − 3 i
z 1 − z 2 = 2 + 3 i − ( 3 − 2i )
Two complex numbers are equal, if their real
and imaginary parts are equal. = 2 + 3 i − 3 + 2i = − 1 + 5i
3
8. ( − i )( 3i )  − i  = ( − 3i 2 )  −
∴ x + y = 1 and y − x = − 3 1 1 3
i 
By simplification x = 2 , y = − 1  6   216 
Here, ( x , y ) is ( 2 , − 1 ).  1 
= ( − 3 × ( − 1))  − ( − i )
3. i 103 = i 25 × 4 + 3 = ( i 4 ) 25 . i 3  216 
= (1) 25 . ( −i ) = − i = 0 − i [Qi 2 = − 1 and i 3 = − i ]
0 − i = a + ib ⇒ a = 0, b = −1 1
=3× ×i
∴ a + b = 0 − 1 = −1 216
i 1
4. 1 + i 10 + i 20 + i 30 = 1 + ( i 4 ) 2 i 2 + ( i 4 ) 5 + ( i 4 )7 i 2 = =0+ i
72 72
= 1 − 1 + 1 −1 = 0
⇒ a =0
i 4x + 1 − i 4x − 1
5. Consider, 9. Z 1 = 2 + 3i , Z 2 = 1 − 4i
2
1 ∴ Z 1Z 2 = ( 2 + 3i )(1 − 4i )
i− = 2 − 8i + 3i + 12
i 4 x ⋅ i − i 4 x ⋅ i −1 i
= = [Qi 4 x = 1]
2 2 = 14 − 5i
10. We have, 3( 7 + 7i ) + i ( 7 + 7i ) 3(1 + i ) 3 −i
= ×
= 21 + 21i + 7i − 7 ( 3 + i) 3 −i
= 14 + 28i = a + ib [by rationalising the denominator]
⇒ a = 14 and b = 28 3(1 + i )( 3 − i )
=
∴
b 28
= =2 ( 3 )2 − (i )2
a 14 [Q( z 1 + z 2 )( z 1 − z 2 ) = z 12 − z 22 ]
(1 + i ) 2 1 + i 2 + 2i
11. = 3( 3 − i + i 3 − i 2 )
2−i 2−i =
3 − i2
2i 2 + i 4i − 2 2
= × = =
2−i 2+ i 4 +1 5 3( 3 + i ( 3 − 1) + 1)
=
12. (1 − i ) = ((1 − i ) ) = ((1) − 2(1)( i ) + ( i ) )
4 2 2 2 2 2 3+1
[Q i 2 = − 1]
[Q ( z 1 − z 2 ) 2 = z 12 − 2z 1 z 2 + z 22 ] 3
= (( 3 + 1) + i ( 3 − 1))
= (1 − 2 i − 1) 2 [Q i 2 = − 1] 4
3( 3 + 1) i 3( 3 − 1)
= ( − 2 i )2 = 4 i 2 = − 4 = − 4 + 0 i = +
4 4
which is in the form of a + ib .
which is represented by a point in first
∴ a = −4 and b = 0 quadrant.
13. We have, z 1 = 6 + 3 i and z 2 = 2 − i 16. z 1 = 1 + 2i ; z 2 = 2 + 3 i
z1 1 ( 6 + 3i )( 2 + i )
∴ = (6 + 3 i ) = Additive inverse of z 2 = − 2 − 3 i
z2 2−i ( 2 − i )( 2 + i )
z 1 + ( − z 2 ) = 1 + 2i − 2 − 3 i
2 1 = −1 − i
= (6 + 3 i )  + i 
5 5
17. Firstly, write each complex number in
(2 + i) standard form and then find its conjugate.
= (6 + 3 i )
5 9 − i + 6 + i3 − 9 + i2
1
= ( 9 + 12i ) = (9 + i ) + 6 − i − 9 − 1
5
[Qi 3 = − i and i 2 = − 1]
14. The multiplicative inverse of complex
3 + 5i 4 − 3i = (9 + i ) + (6 + i ) − 8
quantities =
4 − 3i 3 + 5i = 15 + 2 i − 8
Q multiplicative inverse of z = 1  = 7 + 2i
 z  18. Given, Z 1 = 3 + 2i , Z 2 = 2 − i
4 − 3i 3 − 5i Now, Z 1 + Z 2 = ( 3 + 2i ) + ( 2 − i ) = 5 + i
= ×
3 + 5i 3 − 5i
[Multiply numerator and denominator by the Z1 + Z 2 = 5 + i = 5 − i
conjugate of denominator i.e. ( 3 − 5i )] 19. Given, Z 1 = 1 + i ⇒ Z 1 = 1 − i
(12 − 15) + i ( −9 − 20 ) Z2 = 2 − i ⇒ Z2 = 2 + i
=
9 + 25 Now, Z 1 Z 2 = (1 − i )( 2 + i )
−3 + i ( −29 ) 3 29i
= =− − = 2 + i − 2i − i 2
34 34 34
= 2−i +1= 3−i
15. We have, z 1 = 3 + i 3 and z 2 = 3 + i .
Now, 3 − i = a + ib
z1 3(1 + i ) ⇒ a = 3, b = −1
∴ =
z2 3+i ∴ a + b = 3 −1 = 2
 2−i 2−i 23. Let z = − 5 i −15 − 6 i −8
20. Given that, z = =
(1 − 2i ) 2 1 + 4i 2 − 4i −5 6 −5 6
2−i 2−i = 15
− 8 = 4 3 3 − 4 2
= = i i (i ) ⋅ i (i )
1 − 4 − 4i −3 − 4i
[Q i 15 = i 4 × 3 + 3 ]
(2−i)  (2−i) (3− 4i)  −5
= =−  = −
6
[Qi 4 = 1 and i 3 = −i ]
−( 3 + 4i ) ( 3 + 4 i ) ( 3 − 4 i )  (1) 3 ⋅ ( −i ) (1) 2
 6 − 8 i − 3i + 4 i 2  −5 5
=−  = −6= −6
 9 + 16  −i i
( −11 i + 2) −1 5 − 6i (5 − 6i)i
=− = ( 2 − 11 i ) = =
25 25 i i ⋅i
1 [by rationalising the denominator]
⇒ z = ( −2 + 11 i )
25 5i − 6 i 2 5 i + 6
1 −2 11 = =
∴ z = ( −2 − 11 i ) = − i i2 −1
25 25 25
= − 6 − 5i [Q i 2 = −1]
21. Given, z 1 = 3 + 5i and z 2 = 2 − 3i
∴ z = − 6 + 5i
z1 3 + 5i 3 + 5i 2 + 3i
Now, = = × 24. We have, 4 + 3i 7 = 4 + 3( i 4 )( i 2 )i
z 2 2 − 3i 2 − 3i 2 + 3i
[by rationalising the denominator] = 4 + 3(1)( −1)i
6 + 9 i + 10 i + 15 i 2 6 + 19 i − 15 [Q i 4 = 1, i 2 = −1]
= =
4 − 9i2 4+9 = 4 − 3i
[Qi = − 1]
2 ∴ Modulus = |4 + 3i 7 | = |4 − 3i |
− 9 + 19 i − 9 19 = 4 2 + ( −3) 2 = 16 + 9 = 25 = 5
= = + i …(i)
13 13 13
25. Given, Z 1 = 1 + 3i , Z 2 = 2 + 4i
 z 1   −9 19  − 9 19
∴   = + i = − i ∴ Z 2 − Z 1 = ( 2 + 4i ) − (1 + 3i ) = 1 + i
 z 2   13 13  13 13
⇒ | Z 2 − Z 1 |2 = ( 12 + 12 ) 2
22. We have, z 1 = 2 − i and z 2 = − 2 + i
=1 + 1 = 2
Now,
z 1 z 2 ( 2 − i ) ( −2 + i ) − ( 2 − i ) ( 2 − i ) 26. Given that,
= = (2 + i) ( 2 + i + 2i + i 2 )
z1 (2 − i) 2+i (1 + i ) =
(3 + i) (3 + i)
(4 + i2 − 4i) (4 −1 − 4i)
=− =− 2 + 3i − 1
2+i 2+i =
3+ i
(3 − 4i) 2 − i
=− ×
2+i 2−i 1 + 3i (1 + 3i )( 3 − i )
= =
[by rationalising the denominator] 3+i ( 3 + i )( 3 − i )
(6 − 3 i − 8 i + 4 i 2 ) 3 + 9i − i − 3i 2
=− =
4 − i2 9 − i2
[Q ( z 1 + z 2 )( z 1 − z 2 ) = z 12 − z 22 ] 3 + 8i + 3 6 + 8i
= =
( 6 − 11 i − 4 ) 9+1 10
=− [Q i 2 = −1]
5
2 − 11 i −2 11 62 82
=− = + i = a + ib = +
5 5 5 100 100
2 36 + 64 100
⇒ a =− = = =1
5 100 100
27. Let z = (1 − i ) −2 + (1 + i ) −2 − 3 ± − 27 −3±i 27
⇒ x= ,x =
1 1 (1 + i ) + (1 − i )
2 2 2 ×1 2
= + = [Q − 1 = i ]
(1 − i ) 2 (1 + i ) 2 (1 − i ) 2 (1 + i ) 2
−3± i 9 × 3 − 3± i 3 3
1 + i 2 + 2i + 1 + i 2 − 2i = =
= 2 2
(1 − i 2 ) 2
1 −1 + 1 −1 0 32. x 2 + x + 1 = 0
= = [Q i = −1]
2
(1 + 1) 2 4 −b ± ( b 2 − 4ac )
Q x=
= 0 = 0 + 0i 2a
∴ |z | = 0 + 0 = 0 −1 ± 1 − 4
⇒ x=
2
28. We have, z 1 = 3 + 2i and z 2 = 2 − 4i
−1 ± i 3
| z 1 + z 2 |2 + | z 1 − z 2 |2 ⇒ x=
2
On substituting the values of z 1 and z 2 , we get −1 + i 3 −1 − i 3
|3 + 2i + 2 − 4i |2 + | 3 + 2i − 2 + 4i | ∴ x= ,
2 2
= |5 − 2i |2 + | 1 + 6i |2 33. Given, 2 x 2 + x + 2 = 0
= ( 5) + ( −2) + (1) + ( 6 )
2 2 2 2
On comparing the given equation with
[ if z = a + ib , then | z |2 = a 2 + b 2 ] ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
= 25 + 4 + 1 + 36 a = 2, b = 1, c = 2
∴ | z 1 + z 2 | 2 + | z 1 − z 2 | 2 = 66 ∴ D = b − 4ac = (1) 2 − 4 × 2 × 2
2

29. We have, 9 x 2 + 16 = 0 =1 − 4 × 2 =1 − 8 = − 7 < 0

⇒ 9 x 2 = − 16 − 1 ± −7
⇒ x=
16 2× 2
⇒ x2 = −
9 −1 ± i 7
⇒ x= [Q − 1 = i ]
16 2 2
⇒ x =± −
9 34. We have, ( y + 1) ( y − 3) + 7 = 0
[taking square root both sides]
⇒ y 2 − 2y − 3 + 7 = 0
 16 
⇒ x =± × −1 ⇒ y 2 − 2y + 4 = 0
 9 
On comparing with ay 2 + by + c = 0, we get
4 
∴ x = ±  i [Q −1 = i ] a = 1, b = − 2 and c = 4
3 
4 4 −b ± b 2 − 4ac
Hence, the roots are i and − i. Q y=
3 3 2a
30. x 2 + 2 = 0 2 ± ( −2) 2 − 4 × 1 × 4 2 ± 4 − 16
∴ y= =
⇒ x 2 = − 2 ⇒ x = ± −2 = ± 2i 2 ×1 2
∴ x = ± 2i 2± − 12 2±2 3i
= = =1 ± 3i
31. Given, x + 3x + 9 = 0
2 2 2
On comparing the given equation with [Q − 1 = i ]
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get ∴ y =1+ 3 i
a = 1, b = 3, c = 9 or y = 1 − 3 i
Now, D = b 2 − 4ac = ( 3) 2 − 4 × 1 × 9 Hence, the roots of the given equation are
= 9 − 36 = − 27 < 0 1 + 3 i and 1 − i 3.
35. Let α , β be the roots of the equation 40. Assertion We have,
x − px + 8 = 0.
2
(1 + i ) 6 = ((1 + i ) 2 ) 3
Therefore, α + β = p = (1 + i 2 + 2 i ) 3
and α ⋅β =8 [Q ( z 1 + z 2 ) 2 = z 12 + z 22 + 2z 1 z 2 ]
Now, α − β = ± ( α + β ) − 4αβ 2
= (1 − 1 + 2 i ) 3 [Q i 2 = − 1]
Therefore, 2 = ± P 2 − 32 ⇒ (1 + i ) 6 = ( 2 i ) 3 = 8 i 3 = − 8 i [Q i 3 = − 1]
⇒ P 2 − 32 = 4, i.e. P = ± 6 = a + ib
36. Assertion We know that, i = −1 ∴ b = −8
k Reason (1 − i ) 3 = 13 − i 3 − 3(1) 2 i + 3(1)( i ) 2
Q i 4 k = ( i 4 ) = 1k = 1
[Q ( z 1 − z 2 ) 3 = z 13 − 3z 12 z 2 + 3z 1 z 22 − z 23 ]
4k + 1
⇒ i =i 4k
⋅ i =1 × i = i
= 1 − ( − i ) − 3i − 3
4k + 2
⇒ i =i 4k
⋅ i 2 = 1 × −1 = −1 [Q i 3 = − i and i 2 = − 1]
⇒ i 4k + 3 = i 4k ⋅ i 3 = 1 × − i = − i ⇒ (1 − i ) 3 = − 2 − 2i
Reason i 4 k + i 4 k + 1 + i 4 k + 2 + i 4 k + 3 = a + ib
= i (1 + i + i + i )
4k 2 3 ⇒ a = − 2 and b = − 2
a −2
= i 4 k (1 + i − 1 − i ) = i 4 k 0 = 0 ∴ = =1
b −2
Hence, Assertion is true and Reason is false. Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true
37. Assertion and Reason is not the correct explanation of
1 1 1 i i Assertion.
i −35 = = = × = 2 =i
i 35 2 17
(i ) i −i i −i 41. Assertion We have,
Reason Additive inverse of z is −z . (1 + i )( x + iy ) = 2 − 5i
∴ Additive inverse of (1 − i ) is ⇒ x + iy + ix + i 2 y = 2 − 5i
−(1 − i ) = − 1 + i ⇒ x + i ( y + x ) − y = 2 − 5i [Q i 2 = −1]
Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true. ⇒ ( x − y ) + i ( x + y ) = 2 − 5i
38. Assertion We have, On equating real and imaginary parts from
5 + 2i 5 + 2i 1 + 2i both sides, we get
= ×
1 − 2i 1 − 2i 1 + 2i x −y=2 …(i)
5 + 5 2i + 2i − 2 and x + y = −5 …(ii)
= On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1 − ( 2i ) 2
x −y + x + y =2−5
3 + 6 2i 3 (1 + 2 2i )
= = ⇒ 2x = − 3
1+ 2 3 −3
⇒ x=
= 1 + 2 2i 2
Reason (1 + i ) 5 (1 − i ) 5 = (1 − i 2 ) 5 −3
On substituting x = in Eq. (ii), we get
2
= 25 = 32
−3
Hence Assertion is false and Reason is true. + y = −5
2
3 −10 + 3 −7
39. Assertion Given, Z 1 = 2 + 3i , Z 2 = 3 − 2i ⇒ y = −5+ = =
2 2 2
∴ Z 1 − Z 2 = ( 2 + 3i ) − ( 3 − 2i ) −3 −7
= ( 2 − 3) + i ( 3 − ( −2)) = − 1 + 5i ∴ x= and y =
2 2
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
42. Assertion Let z = 2 − 3i 1 + 5i − 6 − 5 + 5i − 1 + i
= = =
Then, z = 2 + 3i and | z | = 2 + ( −3) = 13
2 2 2 1+9 10 2
Therefore, the multiplicative inverse of 2 − 3i 1 1
⇒ z =− + i
is 2 2
z 2 + 3i 2 3
z −1 = = = + i 2 2
|z | 2
13 13 13  1  1
∴ | z | = −  +  
The above working can be reproduced in the  2  2
following manner also, [Q | a + ib | = a 2 + b 2 ]
1 2 + 3i
z −1 = = 1 1 2 1 1
2 − 3i ( 2 − 3i ) ( 2 + 3i ) = + = = =
4 4 4 2 2
2 + 3i 2 + 3i
= 2 = Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and
2 − ( 3i ) 2 13 Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
2 3 46. Assertion x + 4iy = ix + y + 3
=
+ i
13 13
⇒ x =y+3 …(i)
Reason If Z = a + ib , then conjugate of Z
⇒ 4y = x …(ii)
i.e. z = a − ib From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
∴ z = 3 + 4i 4y = y + 3
⇒ z = 3 − 4i ⇒ 3y = 3
Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true. ⇒ y =1
43. Assertion For any three complex numbers From Eq. (i), we get
z 1 , z 2 and z 3 , distributive law is x =1 + 3 = 4
z 1 ( z 2 + z 3 ) = z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3 and ( z 1 + z 2 ) z 3 Reason Let z = 3 + 7i
= z 1z 3 + z 2z 3. 1 1 3 − 7i
∴ ( 2 + 3i ) [( 3 + 2i ) + ( 2 + i )] ∴ = ×
z 3 + 7i 3 − 7i
= ( 2 + 3i ) ( 3 + 2i ) + ( 2 + 3 i ) ( 2 + i )
3 − 7i 3 7 $
[ Q z 1 ( z 2 + z 3) = z 1 z 2 + z 1 z 3] = = − i
9+7 16 16
= ( 6 − 6 ) + 13 i + ( 4 − 3) + 8 i
= 1 + 21i Hence, Assertion is false and Reason is true.
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and 47. Assertion i 9 + i 19 = i 9 (1 + i 10 ) = i 9 [1 + ( i 2 ) 5 ]
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. = i 9 [1 + ( −1) 5 ] = i 9 (1 − 1) = 0 = 0 + 0i
−3 −3
44. Assertion 5i  i  = 5 × i 2 Reason 1 + i 2 + i 4 + K i 20
 5  5
1 [( i 2 )11 − 1] 1( −1 − 1)
= − 3( −1) = 3 = 3 + 0i = = =1
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true (i )2 − 1 −1 − 1
and Reason is not the correct explanation of Hence, Assertion is true and Reason is false.
Assertion. 48. Assertion x 2 + 1 = 0
1 + 2i
45. Assertion Let z = x 2 = −1
1 − 3i
x = ± −1 ⇒ x = ± i
1 + 2i 1 + 3i 1 + 3i + 2i + 6i 2
∴ z= × = 1
1 − 3i 1 + 3i 12 − ( 3i ) 2 Reason i −1097 =
i 4 × 274 + 1
[Q ( a + b ) ( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2 ] 1 1 i i i
= = × = 2 = = −i
1 + 5i + 6 ( − 1) i i i i −1
= [Q i 2 = − 1] Hence, Assertion is true and Reason is false.
1 − 9i 2
49. Assertion On multiplying Eq. (iv) by 3 and then
3x + 4 x + 2 = 0, a = 3 , b = 4 , c = 2
2 adding with Eq. (iii), we get
3a + 6b + 3a − 6b = 6 − 18
D = b 2 − 4ac
⇒ 6a = − 12 ⇒ a = − 2
= 16 − 4( 3)( 2)
On substituting a = − 2 in Eq. (iv), we get
= 16 − 24
− 2 − 2b = − 6
= −8
−4
⇒ D<0 ⇒ − 2b = − 6 + 2 ⇒ b = =2
−2
Qb 2 − 4ac < 0, so above equation has
∴ a = − 2 and b = 2.
imaginary roots.
(ii) We have, ( 2a + 2b ) + i ( b − a ) = − 4i , which
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and
can be rewritten as
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
( 2a + 2b ) + i ( b − a ) = 0 − 4i
50. Assertion Given, x 2 + 3x + 5 = 0
On equating real and imaginary parts, we
On comparing the given equation with get
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get 2a + 2b = 0
a = 1, b = 3, c = 5 ⇒ a +b =0 [Q 2 ≠ 0 ] …(i)
Now, D = b 2 − 4ac = ( 3) 2 − 4 × 1 × 5 and b −a = − 4 …(ii)
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
= 9 − 20 = − 11 < 0
a + b + b −a = 0− 4
− 3 ± − 11
⇒ x= ⇒ 2b = − 4 ⇒ b = − 2
2 ×1
On substituting b = − 2 in Eq. (i), we get
− 3 ± i 11
∴ x= [Q − 1 = i ] a − 2 = 0 ⇒a = 2
2
∴ a = 2 and b = − 2
Reason Given, x 2 − x + 2 = 0 100
1 − i 
On comparing the given equation with (iii) Given that,   = a + ib
1 + i 
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
100
a = 1, b = − 1, c = 2  (1 − i ) (1 − i ) 
⇒  ⋅  = a + ib
Now, D = b 2 − 4ac = ( − 1) 2 − 4 × 1 × 2 (1 + i ) (1 − i ) 
100
=1 − 8 = − 7 < 0 1 + i 2 − 2i 
⇒   = a + ib
− ( − 1) ± −7  1−i2 
⇒ x=
2 ×1  −2i 
100
⇒   = a + ib [Q i 2 = −1]
1±i 7  2 
= [Q − 1 = i ]
2 ⇒ ( i 4 ) 25 = a + ib
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true ⇒ 1 = a + ib [Q i 4 = 1]
and Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion. On comparing real and imaginary parts
both sides, we get
51. (i) We have, ( 3a − 6 ) + 2 ib = − 6b + ( 6 + a )i
a = 1 and b = 0
On equating real and imaginary parts, ∴ ( a , b ) = (1, 0 )
we get
(1 + i ) 2
3a − 6 = − 6b …(i) (iv) Given that, = x + iy
2−i
and 2b = 6 + a …(ii)
(1 + i 2 + 2i )
Above equations can be rewritten as ⇒ = x + iy
2−i
3a + 6b = 6 …(iii)
2i
and a − 2b = − 6 …(iv) ⇒ = x + iy
2−i
 2i ( 2 + i ) Since, z is real ⇒ z = z
⇒ = x + iy
(2−i ) (2+ i) ⇒ Im z = 0
4i + 2i 2 2x − 4 y
⇒ = x + iy ⇒ − =0
4 −i2 17 4
4i − 2 ⇒ 8 x − 16 = 17 y ⇒ 8 x − 17 y = 16
⇒ = x + iy
4 +1 3 + 2i sin θ (1 + 2i sin θ )
(iv) z= ×
−2 4i 1 − 2i sin θ (1 + 2i sin θ )
⇒ + = x + iy
5 5
( 3 + 2i sin θ) (1 + 2i sin θ)
On comparing both sides, we get =
1 + 4 sin 2 θ
2 4
x = − and y =
5 5 ( 3 − 4 sin 2 θ) + i ( 8 sin θ)
=
−2 4 2 1 + 4 sin 2 θ
∴ x+y= + =
5 5 5 Since, z is pure imaginary.
(v) Given that, ( x + y ) + i ( x − y ) = 4 + 6 i
⇒ Re( z ) = 0
On comparing both sides, we get
3 − 4 sin 2 θ
x +y=4 …(i) ⇒ =0
1 + 4 sin 2 θ
and x − y =6 …(ii)
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 3 3
⇒ sin 2 θ = ⇒ sin θ = ±
2x = 10 4 2
⇒ x =5 π  π
⇒ θ=  since, 0 < θ ≤ 
3  2
∴ From Eq. (i), we get
5+ y =4 z1 − z 2
(v) We have, =1
⇒ y = 4 − 5 = −1 z1 + z 2
∴ xy = 5( − 1) = − 5 ⇒ | z1 − z 2 | = | z1 + z 2 |
52. (i) Since, (1 + i ) z = (1 − i ) z ⇒ | z1 − z 2 | 2 = | z1 + z 2 | 2
z 1 − i 1 − i (1 − i ) 2
⇒ = × = ⇒ ( z1 − z 2 ) ( z1 − z 2 ) = ( z1 + z 2 ) ( z1 + z 2 )
z 1 + i 1 − i 1 − i2
[Q | z | 2 = z z ]
1 + i 2 − 2i ⇒ 2 z 1z 2 = − 2 z 1z 2
= = −i
1+1
z1 z z 
⇒ z = −i z ⇒ = − 1 = −  1
z2 z2  z2
(ii) Q z 1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 z1
⇒ is pure imaginary.
( 2 + i ) x − i (1 − i ) y + 2i z2
(iii) Let z = +
4+i 4i 53. (i) We have, i 37 = ( i ) 36 + 1 = ( i ) 4 × 9 i
2x + ( x − 1)i y + ( 2 − y )i i
= + × = ( i 4 ) 9 ⋅ i = (1) 9 ⋅ i = i [Q i 4 = 1]
4+i 4i i
1
( 2x + ( x − 1)i ) ( 4 − i ) − iy + ( 2 − y ) (ii) We have, i −30 = 30
= + i
( 4 + i )( 4 − i ) 4
Now, i 30 = ( i ) 4 × 7 + 2
8 x + x − 1 + i ( 4 x − 4 − 2x )
= = ( i 4 ×7 ) i 2 = ( i 4 )7 ( −1) [Qi 2 = −1]
16 + 1
( 2 − y ) − iy = (1)7 ( − 1) = −1
+ [Qi 4 = 1 ]
4
9 x − 1 + i ( 2x − 4 ) 2 − y − iy ⇒ i −30 =
1
= −1
= +
17 4 ( −1)
 (iii) i 9 + i 19 = i 9 (1 + i 10 ) = i 9 [1 + ( i 2 ) 5 ] (ii) Given that, ( z + 3) ( z + 3)
9
[taking i common] Let z = x + iy
= i [(1 + ( −1) ] = i (1 − 1) = 0
9 5 9 ⇒ ( z + 3)( z + 3) = ( x + iy + 3)( x + 3 − iy )
[Q i = −1]
2
= ( x + 3) 2 − ( iy ) 2 = ( x + 3) 2 + y 2
= 0 + 0i = x + 3 + iy
2
= z +3
2

25 2
 1   4 ×4 + 3 1 
2
(iii) Let z = 1 + 2i
(iv) i 19 +    = i + 4×6+1
 i   i  ⇒ z = 1+ 4 = 5
2 2 7−z 7 − 1 − 2i
 1   1  Now, f ( z ) = =
= ( i 4 ) 4 ( i ) 3 + 4 6  = (1) 4 ( i ) 3 + 6  1−z 2
1 − (1 + 2i ) 2
 (i ) i   (1) i 
6 − 2i 6 − 2i
[Q i 4 = 1] = =
1 −1 − 4i2 − 4i 4 − 4i
2 2
 1  i 3−i ( 3 − i )( 2 + 2 i )
= − i +  = − i + 2 [Q i 3 = − i ] = =
 i   i  2 − 2i ( 2 − 2 i )( 2 + 2 i )

 i  
2
i 
2 6 − 2i + 6 i − 2i 2
= − i +  = − i +  [Q i = − 1]
2 =
 i × i  − 1 4 − 4i2
6 + 4i + 2
= ( − i − i ) 2 = ( −2i ) 2 = 4i 2 =
4+4
=−4 [Q i 2 = − 1]
8 + 4i 1
1 = =1 + i
−39
(v) i = 8 2
i 39 1
Multiplying and dividing by i, we get f (z ) =1 + i
2
i i i i
= 40 = 4 10 = 10 = = i [Q i 4 = 1] 1 4 +1
i (i ) (1) 1 ∴ f (z ) = 1 + =
4 4
=0+i
5 z
54. (i) We have, ( x − iy ) ( 3 + 5 i ) is the conjugate of = =
− 6 − 24 i. 2 2
⇒ ( x − iy )( 3 + 5 i ) = − 6 + 24 i (iv) Given, z 1 = 1 − 3i and z 2 = − 2 + 4 i
[Q conjugate of − 6 − 24 i = − 6 + 24 i] ∴ z 1 + z 2 = (1 − 3 i ) + ( − 2 + 4 i ) = − 1 + i
⇒ 3x − 3iy + 5 ix − 5i 2 y = − 6 + 24 i | z 1 + z 2 | = ( −1) 2 + (1) 2 = 1 + 1 = 2
⇒ ( 3x + 5y ) + i ( 5x − 3y ) = − 6 + 24 i (v) Given, z = 3 + 4 i
[Q i 2 = −1] ...(i) ∴ z = 3 − 4i
On equating real and imaginary parts both ⇒ z + z = (3+ 4i) + (3 − 4i) = 6
sides of Eq. (i), we get z +z 6
3x + 5y = − 6 ...(ii) Now, = =3
2 2
and 5x − 3y = 24 ...(iii) 21
On multiplying Eq. (i) by 3 and Eq. (ii) by 55. (i) We have, 2x 2 − 2 3 x + =0 …(i)
8
5, then adding the result, we get
On comparing Eq. (i) with ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
9 x + 15y + 25x − 15y = −18 + 120
we get
⇒ 34 x = 102 ⇒ x = 3 21
a = 2, b = − 2 3 and c =
On substituting x = 3 in Eq. (ii), we get 8
9 + 5y = −6 ⇒ 5y = −15 ⇒ y = −3 −b ± b 2 − 4ac
Now, x + y = 3 + ( −3) = 0 Q x=
2a
 21 Now, D = b 2 − 4ac = (1) 2 − 4 × 2 × 1
− ( −2 3 ) ± ( −2 3 ) 2 − 4 × 2 ×
∴x = 8 =1 − 8 = − 7 < 0
2×2 −1 ± − 7 −1 ± i 7
⇒ x= =
2 3 ± 12 − 21 2 3 ± −9 2×2 4
= =
4 4 [Q − 1 = i ]
2 3 ± 3i 3 3
= = ± i [Q − 1 = i ] (iv) Given, − x 2 + x − 2 = 0
4 2 4
On comparing the given equation with
3 3 3 3
Hence, the roots are + i and − i. ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
2 4 2 4
(ii) Given, 25x 2 − 30 x + 11 = 0 a = − 1, b = 1, c = − 2
…(i)
Now, D = b 2 − 4ac = (1) 2 − 4( − 1) ( − 2)
On comparing Eq. (i) with ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
we get =1 − 4 ×1 × 2
a = 25, b = − 30 and c = 11 =1 − 8 = − 7 < 0
− 1 ± −7 − 1 ± i 7
− b ± b 2 − 4ac ∴ x= =
Q x= 2 × ( − 1) −2
2a
[Q − 1 = i ]
30 ± ( −30 ) 2 − 4 × 25 × 11
∴ x= 20
2 × 25 (v) Given, 3x 2 − 4 x + =0
3
30 ± 900 − 1100
⇒ x= On comparing the given equation with
50
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
30 ± − 200
⇒ x= a = 3, b = − 4, c =
20
50 3
30 ± 10 i 2 20
⇒ x= [Q −1 = i ] ∴ D = b 2 − 4ac = ( − 4 ) 2 − 4 × 3 ×
50 3
3 2 = 16 − 80 = − 64 < 0
⇒ x= ± i
5 5 − ( − 4 ) ± − 64
∴ x=
3 2 3 2 2×3
Hence, the roots are + i and − i.
5 5 5 5 4 ± 8i
=
(iii) Given, 2x 2 + x + 1 = 0 2×3
On comparing the given equation with 2 ( 2 ± 4i )
=
2×3
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, we get
2 ± 4i 2 4
a = 2, b = 1, c = 1 = = ± i
3 3 3