Iso 22688-2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22688
First edition
2020-04
Brazing — Quality requirements for

brazing of metallic materials
Brasage fort — Exigences de qualité en brasage fort des matériaux
métalliques
Reference number
ISO 22688:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
ISO 2 2 688: 2 02 0(E)
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© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... v
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ vi
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 General ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
5 Selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements .................................................................................... 4
6 Comprehensive quality requirements ........................................................................................................................................... 4
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
6.2 Review o f requirements and technical review ............................................................................................................ 5
6.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
6.2.2 Review o f requirements ............................................................................................................................................ 5
6.2.3 Technical review .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
6.3 Sub-contracting ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.4 Brazing personnel ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
6.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.4.2 Brazers and brazing operators ............................................................................................................................ 6
6.4.3 Brazing coordination personnel ......................................................................................................................... 7
6.5 Inspection and testing personnel ........................................................................................................................................... 7
6.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.5.2 Non-destructive testing personnel................................................................................................................... 7
6.6 Equipment................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.6.1 Production and testing equipment .................................................................................................................. 7
6.6.2 Description o f equipment ........................................................................................................................................ 7
6.6.3 Suitability o f equipment ............................................................................................................................................ 8
6.6.4 New and re furbished equipment....................................................................................................................... 8
6.6.5 Equipment maintenance ........................................................................................................................................... 8
6.7 Brazing and related activities ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.7.1 Production planning ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.7.2 Brazing procedure specifications ...................................................................................................................... 9
6.7.3 Qualification o f the brazing procedures ...................................................................................................... 9
6.7.4 Work instructions ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.7.5 Procedures for preparation and control o f documents .................................................................. 9
6.8 Brazing consumables ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.8.1 Storage and handling ................................................................................................................................................ 10
6.8.2 Batch testing ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.9 Storage o f parent materials ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.10 Brazing and post-brazing heat treatment..................................................................................................................... 10
6.11 Inspection and testing ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.11.1 General................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
6.11.2 Inspection and testing be fore brazing........................................................................................................ 10
6.11.3 Inspection and testing during brazing ....................................................................................................... 11
6.11.4 Inspection and testing after brazing ............................................................................................................ 11
6.11.5 Inspection and test status ..................................................................................................................................... 11
6.12 Acceptance criteria ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11
6.13 Non-conformance and corrective actions ..................................................................................................................... 11
6.14 Calibration and validation o f measuring, inspection and testing equipment................................ 12
6.15 Identification and traceability ................................................................................................................................................ 12
6.16 Quality records ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
7 Elementary quality requirements ................................................................................................................................................... 13
7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
7.2 Review o f requirements and technical review ......................................................................................................... 13
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
ISO 22688:2020(E)
7.2 .1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
General 13
7.2 .2 Review o f requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 13
7.2 .3 Technical review ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
7.3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
S ub - co ntracting 14
7.4 B razing p ers o nnel ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
7 . 4. 1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
General 14
7 . 4. 2 B razers and b razing o p erato rs ......................................................................................................................... 14
7.5 I ns p ectio n and tes ting p ers o nnel ........................................................................................................................................ 14
7.5 .1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
General 14
7.5 .2 N o n- des tructive tes ting p ers o nnel ................................................................................................................ 15
7.6 ................................................................................................................................................................................................
E quip ment 15
7.7 B razing and related activities .................................................................................................................................................. 15
7.7.1 B razing wo rk ins tructio ns .................................................................................................................................... 15
7.7.2 B razing p ro cedure s p ecificatio ns ................................................................................................................... 15
7.7.3 f
Qualificatio n o the b razing p ro cedures ................................................................................................... 15
7.8 B razing co ns umab les ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15
7.9 I ns p ectio n and tes ting ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
7.9.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
General 15
7.9.2 f
I ns p ectio n and tes ting b e o re b razing ........................................................................................................ 15
7.9.3 I ns p ectio n and tes ting during b razing ....................................................................................................... 16
7.9.4 f
I ns p ectio n and tes ting a ter b razing ............................................................................................................ 16
7.1 0 f N o n- co n o rmance and co rrective actio ns ..................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 1 .....................................................................................................................................................................................
Quality reco rds 16
8 Documents required to claim compliance to these quality requirements ........................................... 17

8.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................
General 17
8.2 f
D eclaratio n o ..........................................................................................................................................................
co mp liance 17
Annex A f (in o rmative) Criteria to assist in the selection of the appropriate quality
requirements ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Annex B f (in o rmative) Corresponding national standards ........................................................................................................ 20
Annex C f (in o rmative) Elements to be considered for a quality management system to
complement these requirements ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
Annex D f (in o rmative) Information and requirements for the workshop and/or installation site 25
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation o f national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the di fferent approval criteria needed for the
di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
editorial rules o f the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list o f patent declarations received (see www.iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation o f the voluntary nature o f standards, the meaning o f ISO specific terms and
expressions related to con formity assessment, as well as in formation about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by IIW, the International Institute ofWelding, jointly with Commission XVII,
Brazing, soldering and diffusion bonding, and Commission XVIII, Quality management in welding and
allied processes.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing o f these bodies can be found at www.iso .org/members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Introduction
B raz ing pro ces s es are widely us ed to manu fac ture many pro duc ts from s imple to complex. I n some
comp anies , braz ing i s the key fabrication pro ces s . E xamples include s everal indus tr y fields , s uch as
automotive, aero s p ace, heat exchangers , re frigeration, air- conditioni ng, turbomachiner y and other items .
T he s e pro ce s s e s e xer t a pro fou nd i n fluence on the co s t o f ma nu fac ture a nd qua l ity o f the pro duc t. I t i s
i mp or tant, there fore, to en s u re th at the s e pro ce s s e s are c arrie d out i n the mo s t e ffe c tive way a nd that
appropriate control i s exerci s e d over a l l as p e c ts o f the op eration .
T h i s do c ument i s s i m i lar i n s cop e a nd pu r p o s e to the I S O 3 8 3 4 s erie s a nd ha s b e en adap te d for bra z i ng
qua l ity ma nagement s ys tem s . T h i s do c ument c a n b e a u s e fu l to ol when a qua l ity ma nagement s ys tem
(e . g. I S O 9 0 01) i s appl ie d by manu fac tu rers .
Sp e ci fic ation o f qua l ity re qu i rements for bra z i ng pro ce s s e s i s i mp or tant b e c au s e the qua l ity o f the s e
pro ce s s e s c a nno t b e re ad i ly veri fie d . T here fore, they are con s idere d to b e s p e c ia l pro ce s s e s a s no te d b y
ISO 90 0 0.
Qua l ity c a nno t b e i n s p e c te d i nto a pro duc t, it ne e d s to be bu i lt i n . E ven the mo s t ex ten s ive and
s oph i s tic ate d non- de s tr uc tive te s ti ng do e s no t i mprove the as -pro duce d qua l ity o f the pro duc t. T he u s e
o f non- de s truc tive te s ti ng pro ce s s e s s uch as rad io graphy, fluore s cent p ene tra nts and u ltra s on ic s help s
i n renderi ng a de c i s ion as to the qua l ity o f the bra z e d j oi nt.
For pro duc ts to b e fre e from s erious problem s i n pro duc tion and i n s er vice, it i s ne ce s s ar y to provide
control s , from the de s ign ph as e, th rough materi a l s ele c tion, i nto manu fac tu re a nd s ub s e quent
i n s p e c tion . For example, p o or de s ign c a n c re ate s eriou s and co s tly d i ffic u ltie s i n the works hop, on s ite,
or i n s er vice . I ncorre c t materi a l s ele c tion c an re s u lt i n problem s , s uch as fai lu re o f bra z e d j oi nts .
To en s ure s ound and e ffe c tive manu fac tu ri ng , ma nagement ne e d s to u nders tand and appre ci ate the
s ou rce s o f p o tentia l trouble and to i mplement appropri ate pro ce du re s for thei r control .
T h i s do c u ment identi fie s me a s u re s th at are appl ic able for d i fferent s ituation s . Typic a l ly, they c an b e
appl ie d i n the fol lowi ng c i rc u m s tance s:
— i n contrac tua l s ituation s: s p e ci fic ation o f bra z i ng qua l ity re qu i rements;
— b y manu fac tu rers: e s tabl i s h ment and ma i ntenance o f bra z i ng qua l ity re qu i rements;
— b y com m itte e s d ra fti ng ma nu fac turi ng co de s or appl ic ation s tandard s: s p e ci fic ation o f bra z i ng
qua l ity re qu i rements;
— by orga ni z ation s a s s e s s i ng bra z i ng qua l ity p er forma nce (e . g. th i rd p a r tie s , c u s tomers or
manu fac tu rers) .
T h i s do c ument may b e adop te d i n fu l l or p ar tia l ly b y the ma nu fac tu rer dep end i ng on the a s s embly
concerne d . T h i s do c ument provide s a fle xible framework for the control o f bra z i ng i n the fol lowi ng
appl ic ation s .
— C as e 1 : To provide s p e ci fic re qu i rements for s p e c i fic ation s wh ich re qu i re the manu fac tu rer to h ave
a qua l ity management s ys tem (e . g. I S O 9 0 01) .
— C as e 2 : To provide s p e c i fic gu ida nce for a manu fac tu rer developi ng a qua l ity management s ys tem
for bra z i ng.
— C as e 3 : To provide de tai le d re qu i rements for s p e ci fic ation s , re gu l ation s or pro duc t s ta ndard s that
re qui re control o f bra z i ng ac tivitie s .
T h i s do c u ment c an b e u s e d by i nterna l a nd e xterna l organ i z ation s , i nclud i ng cer ti fic ation b o d ie s , to
as s e s s the manu fac tu rer's abi l ity to me e t c u s tomer, regu lator y or the manu fac tu rer's own re qu i rements .
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 2 2 688: 2 02 0(E)
A similar series o f documents, the ISO 3834 series, was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44,
Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Quality management in the field o f welding.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved vii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22688:2020(E)
Brazing — Quality requirements for brazing of metallic

materials
1 Scope
T h i s do c u ment defi ne s two level s o f qua l ity re qu i rements a nd s ele c tion criteria for bra z i ng o f me ta l l ic
materi a l s . I t appl ie s to manu fac tu ri ng , b o th i n workshop s a nd at i n s ta l lation s ite s .
NO TE 1 T h i s do c u ment i s app l ic ab le to b ra z i n g i ndu s tr y qu a l ity m a n agement s ys tem s , s i m i l a r i n s cop e a nd
pu r p o s e to the I S O 3 8 3 4 s er ie s . T h i s do c u ment pro vide s comp le te s e ts o f qu a l ity re qu i rements for pro ce s s
co ntro l rel ate d to a l l l i s te d bra z i n g pro ce s s e s (fo r e ach p ro ce s s s ep a ratel y o r i n co mb i n atio n a s s p e c i fie d) a nd
l i s ts the do c u ments with wh ich it i s ne ce s s a r y to con for m to the s e re qu i rements . T he re qu i rements i n th i s
s ta nd a rd m ay b e adop te d fo r o ther bra z i n g p ro ce s s e s , with or without adj u s tments , u nder the re s p on s ib i l ity o f
the m a nu fac tu rer.
NO TE 2 T he s e re qu i rements c a n b e u s e d o n thei r own b y a m a nu fac tu rer or i n co nj u nc tion with a qu a l ity
m a n agement s ys tem (e . g. I S O 9 0 01) .
2 Normative references
T he fol lowi ng do c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content
con s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s do c u ment. For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d appl ie s . For
u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d do c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s .
Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 2: Soldering and brazing processes and
I S O 8 5 7-2 ,
related terms
ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
I S O 9 71 2 , Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
Brazing for aerospace applications — Qualification test for brazers and brazing operators —
I S O 11745 ,
Brazing of metallic components

ISO 13585, Brazing — Qualification test o f brazers and brazing operators
Welding — Calibration, verification and validation of equipment used for welding, including
I S O 176 62 ,
ancillary activities
I S O 176 6 3 , Welding — Quality requirements for heat treatment in connection with welding and allied
processes
I S O 1 82 79, Brazing — Imperfections in brazed joints
3 Terms and definitions

For the pu rp o s e s o f th i s do c u ment, the term s and defi n ition s given i n I S O 8 5 7-2 and I S O 9 0 0 0 and the
fol lowi ng apply.
I S O and I E C mai nta i n term i nolo gic a l datab a s e s for u s e i n s tanda rd i z ation at the fol lowi ng add re s s e s:
— I S O O n l i ne brows i ng pl at form: avai l able at https://www.iso .org/obp

— I E C E le c trop e d ia: avai lable at http://www .org/
. ele c trop e d i a
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 22688:2020(E)
3.1
application standard
standard applicable to a specific sector or type o f product
EXAMPLE Standards specific to pressure vessels, process piping, structural fabrication or storage tanks.
Note 1 to entry: Application standards can be based on generic standards, in whole or partly, but provide
additional, fewer or di fferent requirements.
3.2
brazing coordination personnel
person or group o f persons who coordinate manu facturing operations for all brazing and brazing-
related activities
Note 1 to entry: Di fferent personnel may be appointed by the manufacturer (3.5 ) or di fferent brazing and
f
related tasks.
3.3
brazing operator
person who controls or adjusts any brazing parameter for mechanized brazing or automatic brazing
3.4
competent personnel
personnel with the demonstrated ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve the intended results
Note 1 to entry: A qualification test may be required for specific tasks and responsibilities.
3.5
manufacturer
organization responsible for brazing production
3.6
specification
requirements for products specified by customers or by the manufacturer (3.5 ) in anticipation o f
customer requirements or other documents
Note 1 to entry: The requirements for products and in some cases associated processes can be contained in,
for example, technical specifications, product standards, process standards, contractual agreements or other
documents.
3.7
sub-contractor
supplier o f products, services and/or activities to the manufacturer (3.5 ) in a contractual situation
[SOURCE: ISO 3834-1:2005, 3.5]
4 General
This document specifies quality requirements suitable for the following listed brazing processes:
a) brazing with local heating, including:
— in frared brazing;
— flame brazing (torch brazing, USA);
— laser beam brazing;
— electron beam brazing;
— induction brazing;
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

ISO 2 2 688: 2 02 0(E)
— resistance brazing;
— di ffusion brazing; and
b) brazing with global heating, including:
— furnace brazing;
— vacuum brazing;
— dip-bath brazing;
— salt-bath brazing;
— flux-bath brazing;
— immersion brazing
— di ffusion brazing; and
c) weld brazing (braze welding, USA), including:
— gas weld brazing (gas braze welding, USA);
— arc weld brazing (arc braze welding, USA);
— gas metal arc weld brazing (gas metal arc braze welding, USA);
— gas tungsten arc weld brazing (gas tungsten arc braze welding, USA);
— plasma arc weld brazing (plasma arc braze welding, USA);
— laser weld brazing (laser braze welding, USA);
— electron beam weld brazing (electron beam braze welding, USA).
NOTE Controlled Atmosphere Brazing (CAB) is considered furnace brazing.
The requirements contained within this document may be adopted for other brazing processes.
These requirements relate only to those aspects o f the quality o f the products that can be influenced by
the brazing process, without being assigned to any specific product group.
There fore, this document provides a method to demonstrate the capability o f a manu facturer to
produce products o f the specified quality.
These requirements:
a) are independent o f the type o f assembly manu factured;
b) define quality requirements for brazing in workshops and/or at installation sites;
c) provide guidance for describing a manu facturer's capability to produce assemblies to meet
specified requirements;
d) provide a basis for assessing a manu facturer’s brazing capability.
These requirements are appropriate when demonstration o f a manu facturer's capability to produce
brazed assemblies, fulfilling specified quality requirements, is specified in one or more o f the following:
— a specification;
— a product standard;
— contracts or other documents.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
5 Selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements

The selection o f the comprehensive quality requirements (see Clause 6) or the elementary quality
requirements (see Clause 7) shall consider the product standard, specification, contract or other
documents.
To fulfil the comprehensive quality requirements, the manu facturer is required to comply with the
requirements o f the relevant documents cited in Clause 6. To fulfil the elementary quality requirements,
the manu facturer is required to comply with the requirements o f the relevant documents cited in
Clause 7.
The requirements o f this document can be applied in a variety o f situations. The manu facturer shall
also consider the comprehensive quality requirements, or the elementary quality requirements, based
on the following criteria related to products:
— the extent and significance o f sa fety-critical products;
— the extent and significance o f product per formance;
— the complexity o f manu facture;
— the range o f products manu factured;
— the range o f di fferent materials used;
— the extent to which metallurgical problems, such as erosion, liquation, overaging, resolutionizing,
etc., can a ffect product per formance;
— the extent to which manu facturing imper fections (e.g. misalignment, distortion or brazed joint
imper fections such as macroporosity, lack o f braze coverage, lack o f bonding, etc.) can a ffect product
per formance.
NOTE 1 Because these requirements can be used in a variety o f situations and for di fferent applications,
definitive rules on the level o f quality requirements to be adopted in individual circumstances are not given in
this clause.
A manu facturer that demonstrates compliance with the comprehensive quality requirements is
considered to have established compliance with the elementary quality requirements without further
demonstration.
NOTE 2 Table A.1 lists criteria that assists in the selection o f the appropriate quality level, using Clauses 6 and
7 o f these requirements.
6 Comprehensive quality requirements
6.1 General
This clause defines comprehensive quality requirements for brazing, both in workshops and at
installation sites.
In certain situations, where particular operations such as heat treatment are not undertaken, the
requirements related to that operation detailed in this clause may be selectively amended or deleted.
Otherwise, the requirements contained within this clause shall be adopted in full.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.2 Review of requirements and technical review
6.2.1 General
The manu facturer shall review the contractual requirements and any other requirements, together
with any technical data provided by the purchaser or in-house data when the assembly is designed
by the manu facturer. The manu facturer shall establish that all in formation necessary to carry out
the manu facturing operations is complete and available prior to the commencement o f the work. The
manu facturer shall a ffirm its capability to meet all requirements and shall ensure adequate planning o f
all quality-related activities.
The review o f requirements is carried out by the manu facturer to veri fy that the work content is within
its capability to per form, that su fficient resources are available to achieve delivery schedules and that
documentation is clear and unambiguous.
The manu facturer shall ensure that any variations from the original requirements are identified and
the purchaser notified o f any programme, cost or engineering changes that can result.
When a contract does not exist (e.g. items made for stock), the manu facturer shall take into consideration
the requirements o f 6.2.2 while carrying out the technical review (see 6.2.3).
NOTE 1 Items in 6.2.2 are typically considered at or be fore the time o f the review o f requirements. Items in
6.2.3 usually form part o f the technical review and are considered during the initial planning stage.
NOTE 2 Annex D lists criteria to be provided and agreed on.
6.2.2 Review of requirements
Aspects to be considered shall include the following:

a) the product standard to be used, together with any supplementary requirements;
b) contractual requirements or other documents;
c) any additional requirements determined by the manu facturer or purchaser;
d) the capability o f the manu facturer to meet the prescribed requirements.
6.2.3 Technical review
Technical requirements to be considered shall include the following:

a) parent material(s), braze metal and/or flux specification and brazed joint properties;
b) quality and acceptance requirements for brazed joints;
c) location, accessibility and sequence o f joints, including accessibility for inspection and for non-
destructive testing;
d) the preparation o f work instructions;
e) the specification o f brazing procedures (including cleaning), non-destructive testing procedures
and heat-treatment procedures, when required;
f ) the approach to be used for the qualification o f brazing procedures;
g) the qualification o f personnel;
h) selection, identification and/or traceability (e.g. for materials, brazed joints);
i) quality control arrangements, including any involvement o f an independent inspection body;

ISO 22688:2020(E)
j) inspection and testing;

k) sub-contracting;
l) post-braze heat treatment;
m) other brazing requirements (e.g. batch testing o f consumables, ageing, use o f peening, sur face
finish, brazed joint profile);
n) use o f special methods (e.g. to achieve full penetration/bonding/complete coverage);
o) dimensions and details o f joint preparation and completed brazed joint;
p) where joining processes will be carried out (workshop or installation site);
q) environmental conditions relevant to the application o f the process (e.g. very low temperature
ambient conditions, prevention o f condensation, any necessity to provide protection against
adverse weather conditions, and proper temperature in the place where brazing consumables such
as paste/powder are stored);
r) requirements o f manu facturing steps related to brazing (e.g. short time frame between cleaning o f
parent material and brazing process);
s) handling o f non-con formances.
6.3 Sub-contracting
When a manu facturer intends to use sub-contracted services or activities (e.g. brazing, inspection,
destructive testing, non- destructive testing, heat treatment), in formation necessary to meet applicable
requirements shall be supplied by the manu facturer to the sub-contractor.
The in formation to be provided by the manu facturer to the sub-contractor shall include all relevant
data from the review o f requirements (see 6.2.2 ) and the technical review (see 6.2.3 ). Additional
requirements may be specified as necessary to ensure sub-contractor compliance with technical
requirements.
A sub-contractor shall work under the order and responsibility o f the manu facturer and shall fully
comply with the relevant requirements o f this clause. The manu facturer shall ensure that the sub-
contractor can comply with the quality requirements as specified.
The sub-contractor shall provide such records and documentation o f its work as may be specified by
the manu facturer.
6.4 Brazing personnel

6.4.1 General
The manu facturer shall have at its disposal su fficient and competent personnel for the planning,
per forming and supervising o f the brazing production according to specified requirements.
6.4.2 Brazers and brazing operators

Brazers and brazing operators shall be qualified by an appropriate test.
Brazers and brazing operators for brazing processes listed in Clause 4 shall be qualified in accordance
with ISO 13585 or ISO 11745, as applicable.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.4.3 Brazing coordination personnel

T he manu fac tu rer s ha l l have at its d i s p o s a l appropri ate bra z i ng co ord i nation p ers onnel . Such p ers on s
havi ng re s p on s ibi l ity for qua l ity ac tivitie s s ha l l h ave s u ffic ient authority to enable any ne ce s s ar y ac tion
to b e ta ken . T he tas ks and re s p on s ibi l itie s o f s uch p ers on s s ha l l b e cle a rly defi ne d .
NO TE I S O 147 3 1 c a n b e u s e d a s a g u ide for b ra z i ng co o rd i n ation p ers on nel .
6.5 Inspection and testing personnel

6.5.1 General
T he manu fac tu rer sha l l have at its disposal s u ffic ient a nd comp e tent p ers on nel for plan n i ng ,
p er form i ng , and s up er vi s i ng the i n s p e c tion and te s ti ng o f the bra z i ng pro duc tion accord i ng to s p e ci fie d
re qu i rements .
For d i re c t, u naide d vi s ua l te s ti ng , a qua l i fic ation te s t may no t b e re qu i re d . When a qua l i fic ation te s t i s
no t re qu i re d, comp e tence sh a l l b e veri fie d by the ma nu fac turer.
6.5.2 Non-destructive testing personnel

Non- de s tr uc tive te s ti ng p ers onnel, i nclud i ng tho s e p er form i ng i nd i re c t or a ide d vi s ua l te s ti ng , s ha l l b e
qua l i fie d i n accorda nce with I S O 9 71 2 or e qu iva lent.
6.6 Equipment
6.6.1 Production and testing equipment
T he fol lowi ng e quipment s ha l l b e avai lable, when ne ce s s ar y:
a) p ower s ou rce s and o ther mach i ne s;
b) oven s , qu ivers , s ha kers , e tc . , u s e d for m i xi ng a nd tre atment o f bra z i ng con s u mable s;
c) e qu ipment for c utti ng , i nclud i ng therma l c utti ng , s u r face prep aration (mach i ni ng a nd cle an i ng)
a nd j oi n i ng;
d) e qu ipment for prehe ati ng and p o s t-he at tre atment i nclud i ng temp eratu re i nd ic ator;
e) e qu ipment for d i s p en s i ng bra z i ng materi a l s (e . g. p as te, flu xe s , fi l ler me ta l) ;
f) j igs a nd fi xture s;
g) c rane s a nd hand l i ng e qu ipment u s e d for the pro duc tion;
h) p ers ona l pro te c tive e qu ipment a nd o ther s a fe ty e qu ipment, d i re c tly as s o c iate d with the appl ic able
ma nu fac turi ng pro ce s s;
i) de s truc tive a nd non- de s tr uc tive te s ti ng fac i l itie s .
6.6.2 Description of equipment

T he ma nu fac tu rer sh a l l mai ntai n a l i s t o f e s s entia l e quipment u s e d for the pro duc tion . T h i s l i s t sh a l l
identi fy item s o f maj or e qu ipment, e s s enti a l for an eva luation o f works hop c ap acity and c ap abi l ity. T h i s
i nclude s , for example:
a) ma xi mu m c ap ac ity o f c rane(s) ;
b) s i z e o f comp onents that the works hop i s able to ha nd le;
c) c ap ac itie s o f rol l i ng , b end i ng , cle an i ng , mach i n i ng a nd c utti ng e qu ipment;

ISO 22688:2020(E)
d) capability o f mechanized or automatic brazing equipment;

e) dimensions and maximum temperature, vacuum levels, partial pressure and dew point levels o f
furnaces for brazing and post-braze heat treatment;
f ) capacities o f pressure applying equipment (e.g. for di ffusion brazing);

g) destructive and non-destructive testing equipment.
Other equipment needs to be specified only by approximate total numbers which cover each general
type (e.g. total number o f power sources for the di fferent processes).
6.6.3 Suitability of equipment
The equipment shall be adequate for the application concerned.

Brazing equipment shall be calibrated, verified and validated in accordance with the requirements o f
ISO 17662.
6.6.4 New and refurbished equipment
A fter installation o f new or re furbished equipment, appropriate tests o f the equipment shall be
per formed. The tests shall veri fy the correct function o f the equipment. The tests shall be carried out
and documented in accordance with appropriate standards, whenever relevant.
NOTE 1 Qualification o f the equipment can be per formed to veri fy the output o f the equipment.
NOTE 2 Requalification o f brazing and heating equipment, once qualified, is not normally required.
6.6.5 Equipment maintenance
The manu facturer shall have documented plans for the maintenance o f equipment. The plan shall
ensure maintenance checks o f those items that control variables listed in the relevant brazing procedure
specifications. The plans may be limited to those items that are essential for ensuring the quality o f the
product. De fective equipment shall not be used.
Examples o f these items are as follows:
a) condition o f guides in equipment for mechanised fixtures;
b) condition o f ammeters and voltmeters, flow meters used for the operation o f the brazing equipment;
c) condition o f cables, hoses, connectors;
d) condition o f control system in mechanised and/or automatic brazing unit;
e) condition o f temperature measurement instruments;
f ) condition o f wire feeders and conduits;
g) condition o f furnaces (e.g. cleanliness, contaminated hot zones, vacuum seals);
h) verification o f necessary vacuum level for brazing in vacuum furnaces;
i) verification o f furnace uni form temperatures.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.7 Brazing and related activities

6.7.1 Production planning
The manu facturer shall carry out adequate production planning. Items to be considered shall include,
as a minimum:
a) specification o f the sequence by which the assembly shall be manu factured (e.g. as single parts or
sub-assemblies, and the order o f subsequent final assembly);
b) identification o f the individual processes required to manu facture the assembly;
c) re ference to the appropriate procedure specifications for brazing and allied processes;
d) sequence in which the brazed joints are to be made;
e) order and timing in which the individual processes are to be per formed;
f ) environmental conditions (e.g. protection from wind and rain);
g) identification by batches, components or parts, as appropriate;
h) allocation o f qualified personnel;
i) arrangement for any production test;
j) specification for inspection and testing, including the involvement o f any independent
inspection body.
6.7.2 Brazing procedure specifications
The manu facturer shall prepare the brazing procedure specification(s) and shall ensure that these are
used correctly in production.
6.7.3 Qualification o f the brazing procedures
Brazing procedures shall be qualified prior to production. The method o f qualification shall be in
accordance with relevant product standards or as stated in the specification.
NOTE Qualification o f other procedures can be required in the relevant product standards and/or the
specification(s).
6.7.4 Work instructions

The manu facturer may use the brazing procedure specification directly for work instruction purposes.
Alternatively, dedicated work instructions may be used. Such dedicated work instructions shall be
prepared from a qualified brazing procedure specification and do not require separate qualification.
NOTE Work instructions can need re-qualification i f new in formation is added to the original brazing
procedure specification.
6.7.5 Procedures for preparation and control of documents

The manu facturer shall establish and maintain procedures for the preparation and control o f relevant
quality documents (e.g. brazing procedure specification, brazing procedure qualification record,
brazers and brazing-operators qualification certificates).

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.8 Brazing consumables

6.8.1 Storage and handling
The manu facturer shall prepare and implement procedures for storage, handling, identification and use
o f brazing consumables that avoid moisture pick-up, oxidation, damage, etc. The procedures shall be in
accordance with the supplier's recommendations.
6.8.2 Batch testing

Batch testing o f brazing consumables shall be required only i f specified in the contract documents or
product specifications.
6.9 Storage of parent materials

Storage shall be such that the material, including material supplied by the client, is not adversely
a ffected. Storage procedures shall be in accordance with the supplier's recommendations.
Identification shall be maintained during storage.
6.10 Brazing and post-brazing heat treatment

The manu facturer shall be fully responsible for the specification and the per formance o f any brazing and
post-brazing heat treatment. The procedure shall be compatible with the parent material, brazed joint
assembly, etc., and shall be in accordance with the product standard and/or specified requirements.
For the processes listed in Clause 4, post-brazing heat treatment, i f performed, shall be performed in
accordance with ISO 17663, as applicable.
A record o f the heat treatment shall be made during the process. The record shall demonstrate that the
specification has been followed and shall be traceable to the particular product.
6.11 Inspection and testing

6.11.1 General
Applicable inspections and tests shall be implemented at appropriate points in the manu facturing
process to ensure con formity with contract requirements or product standards. Location and frequency
o f such inspections and/or tests shall be determined based on the contract and/or product standard,
the brazing process and the type o f assembly (see 6.2.2 and 6.2.3).
NOTE The manu facturer can carry out additional inspections and tests without restriction. Reporting o f
such inspections and tests is not required.
6.11.2 Inspection and testing before brazing

Be fore brazing, the following shall be checked:
a) suitability and validity o f brazers’ and brazing operators’ qualification records;
b) suitability o f brazing procedure specification;
c) identification o f parent materials;
d) identification o f brazing consumables;
e) joint preparation (e.g. machining, shape and dimensions, cleaning, mechanical or chemical
pickling);
f ) fit-up, jigging and tacking;
ISO 22688:2020(E)
g) any special requirements in the brazing procedure specification (e.g. prevention o f distortion);
h) suitability o f working conditions for brazing, including environment.
6.11.3 Inspection and testing during brazing
During brazing, the following shall be checked at suitable intervals or by continuous monitoring:
a) essential brazing parameters (e.g. brazing temperature, brazing time, joint gap, and sur face
preparation);
b) cleaning, placement and shapes o f the brazing filler metal, especially i f the form o f the brazing filler
metal is foil, wire, pre forms, tape, etc.;
c) brazing sequence;
d) correct use and handling o f brazing consumables;
e) control o f distortion;
f ) any intermediate examination (e.g. checking o f dimensions).
6.11.4 Inspection and testing after brazing
A fter brazing, the compliance with relevant acceptance criteria shall be checked by the listed method(s),
as applicable:
a) direct, unaided visual inspection;
b) non-destructive testing, including indirect or aided visual testing;
c) destructive testing;
d) veri fying form, shape and dimensions o f the assembly;
e) analysing results and records o f post-brazing operations (e.g. diagrams o f thermal cycles o f post-
brazing heat treatments, solution, annealing, austenitizing, tempering, stress relieving, ageing).
6.11.5 Inspection and test status
Measures (e.g. by marking o f the item or use o f a routing card) shall be taken, as appropriate, to indicate
the status o f inspection and testing o f the brazed assembly.
6.12 Acceptance criteria
For brazing processes listed in Clause 4, brazed joints shall satis fy the requirements o f ISO 18279, as
applicable.
6.13 Non-conformance and corrective actions
Measures shall be implemented to recognize and control items or activities that do not con form to
specified requirements to prevent their inadvertent acceptance.
When repair and/or rectification is undertaken by the manu facturer, descriptions o f appropriate
procedures shall be available at all workstations where repair or rectification is per formed.
When repair is carried out, the items shall be re-inspected, tested and examined in accordance with the
original requirements.
Measures shall also be implemented to avoid recurrence o f non-con formances.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
6.14 Calibration and validation of measuring, inspection and testing equipment
The manu facturer shall be responsible for the appropriate calibration or validation o f measuring,
inspection and testing equipment. All equipment used to assess the quality o f the assembly shall be
suitably controlled and shall be calibrated or validated at specified intervals as recommended by the
equipment manu facturer or supplier.
Calibration and validation o f measuring, inspection and testing equipment shall be done in accordance
with ISO 17662.
6 . 1 5 I d e n ti fi c a ti o n a n d tra c e a b i l i ty
Identification and traceability shall be maintained throughout the manu facturing process, i f required.
Documented systems to ensure identification and traceability o f the brazing operations shall include, i f
required:
a) identification o f production plans;
b) identification o f routing cards;
c) identification o f brazed joint locations in the assembly;
d) identification o f non-destructive testing procedures and personnel;
e) identification o f brazing consumables (e.g. designation, trade name, manu facturer o f consumables
and batch or cast numbers);
f ) identification and/or traceability o f parent materials (e.g. type, cast number);
g) identification o f location o f repairs;
h) identification o f location o f temporary attachments;
i) traceability o f fully mechanised and automatic brazing units to specific brazed joints;
j) traceability o f brazer and brazing operators to specific brazed joints;
k) traceability o f brazing procedure specifications to specific brazed joints.
6.16 Quality records
Quality records shall include, when applicable:

a) record o f requirement/technical review;
b) production plan
c) material inspection documents;
d) brazing consumable inspection documents;
e) brazing procedure qualification records (BPQR);
f ) brazing procedure specifications (BPS);
g) brazer or brazing operator qualification certificates;
h) heat-treatment procedure specification and records;
i) dimensional reports;
j) non-destructive testing personnel certificates;

ISO 22688:2020(E)
k) non-destructive testing and destructive testing procedures and reports;

l) records o f repairs and non-con formance reports;
m) equipment maintenance records;
n) other documents, i f required.
Quality records shall be retained for a minimum period o f five years in the absence o f any other
specified requirements.
7 Elementary quality requirements
7.1 General
This clause defines elementary quality requirements for brazing, both in workshops and at
installation sites.
In certain situations, where particular operations such as heat treatment are not undertaken, the
requirements detailed in this clause related to that operation may be selectively amended or deleted.
Otherwise, the requirements contained within this clause shall be adopted in full.
7.2 Review of requirements and technical review
7.2.1 General
The manu facturer shall review the contractual requirements and any other requirements, together
with any technical data provided by the purchaser or in-house data when the assembly is designed
by the manu facturer. The manu facturer shall establish that all in formation necessary to carry
out the manu facturing operations is complete and available prior to the beginning o f the work. The
manu facturer shall a ffirm its capability to meet all requirements and shall ensure adequate planning o f
all quality-related activities.
The review o f requirements is carried out by the manu facturer to veri fy that the work content is within
its capability to per form, that su fficient resources are available to achieve delivery schedules and that
documentation is clear and unambiguous.
The manu facturer shall ensure that any variations from the original requirements are identified and
the purchaser notified o f any programme, cost or engineering changes that can result.
NOTE Annex D lists criteria to be provided and agreed on.
7.2.2 Review of requirements
Aspects to be considered shall include the following:

a) the product standard to be used, together with any supplementary requirements;
b) any additional requirements determined by the manu facturer or purchaser.
7.2.3 Technical review
Technical requirements to be considered shall include the following:

a) parent material(s) specification, braze metal and/or flux specification and brazed joint properties;
b) quality and acceptance criteria for brazed joints;

ISO 22688:2020(E)
c) location, accessibility and sequence o f joints, including accessibility for inspection and for non-
destructive testing;
d) the preparation o f work instructions;
e) the specification o f brazing procedures (including cleaning), non-destructive testing procedures
and heat-treatment procedures, when required;
f ) the approach to be used for the qualification o f brazing procedures, when qualification is required;
g) the qualification o f personnel;
h) inspection and testing;
i) sub-contracting;
j) dimensions and details o f joint preparation and completed brazed joint;
k) environmental conditions relevant to the application o f the process (e.g. very low temperature
ambient conditions, any necessity to provide protection against adverse weather conditions, and
proper temperature in the place where brazing consumables such as paste/powder are stored).
7.3 Sub-contracting
When a manu facturer intends to use sub-contracted services or activities (e.g. brazing, inspection, non-
destructive testing, heat treatment), in formation necessary to meet applicable requirements shall be
supplied by the manu facturer to the sub-contractor.
A sub-contractor shall work under the order and responsibility o f the manu facturer and shall fully
comply with the relevant requirements o f this clause. The manu facturer shall ensure that the sub-
contractor can comply with the quality requirements as specified.
The sub-contractor shall provide such records and documentation o f its work as may be specified by
the manu facturer.
7.4 Brazing personnel

7.4.1 General
The manu facturer shall have at its disposal su fficient and competent personnel for the planning,
per forming and supervising o f the brazing production according to specified requirements.
7.4.2 Brazers and brazing operators

Brazers and brazing operators shall be qualified by an appropriate test.
Brazers and brazing operators for brazing processes listed in Clause 4 shall be qualified in accordance
with the requirements o f ISO 13585 or ISO 11745, as applicable.
7.5 Inspection and testing personnel

7.5.1 General
The manu facturer shall have at its disposal su fficient and competent personnel for planning,
per forming, and supervising the inspection and testing o f the brazing production according to specified
requirements.
For direct, unaided visual testing, a qualification test may not be required. When a qualification test is
not required, competence shall be verified by the manu facturer.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
7.5.2 Non-destructive testing personnel

Non- de s tr uc tive te s ti ng p ers onnel, i nclud i ng tho s e p er form i ng i nd i re c t or a ide d vi s ua l te s ti ng , s ha l l b e
qua l i fie d i n accorda nce with I S O 9 71 2 or e qu iva lent.
7.6 Equipment
B ra z i ng e qu ipment s ha l l b e avai lable and ma i nta i ne d i n prop er worki ng order.
7.7 Brazing and related activities

7.7.1 Brazing work instructions
T he manu fac tu rer s ha l l prep are bra z i ng work i n s tr uc tion s and sh a l l en s u re th at the s e are used
corre c tly i n pro duc tion . T he ma nu fac tu rer may u s e the bra z i ng pro ce du re s p e c i fic ation d i re c tly for
work i n s truc tion pu r p o s e s .
7.7.2 Brazing procedure specifications

I f bra z i ng pro ce du re s p e c i fic ation s are re qu i re d, the ma nu fac tu rer sh a l l prep are the bra z i ng pro ce du re
s p e ci fic ation(s) and s ha l l en s u re th at the s e are u s e d corre c tly i n pro duc tion .
7.7.3 Qualification o f the brazing procedures

If u s e d, bra z i ng pro ce du re s p e c i fic ation s sh a l l be qua l i fie d prior to pro duc tion . T he me tho d of
qua l i fic ation sha l l b e i n accord ance with releva nt pro duc t s tandard s or as s tate d i n the s p e ci fic ation .
NO TE Qu a l i fic ation o f o ther p ro ce du re s can be re qu i re d in the rele va nt pro duc t s ta nd a rd s a nd/or the
s p e c i fic ation(s) .
7.8 Brazing consumables

T he manu fac tu rer sh a l l en s u re that appropri ate bra z i ng con s umab le s are s tore d and u s e d i n accordance
with the s uppl ier's re com mendation s .
7.9 Inspection and testing

7.9.1 General
I n s p e c tion s s ha l l be i mplemente d at appropri ate p oi nts in the manu fac tu ri ng pro ce s s to en s u re
con form ity with any appl ic able contrac t re qu i rements or pro duc t s tandard s . L o c ation a nd fre quenc y
o f s uch i n s p e c tion s s ha l l b e de term i ne d b a s e d on the contrac t a nd/or pro duc t s tandard, the bra z i ng
pro ce s s and the typ e o f a s s embly (s e e 7. 2 . 2 a nd 7. 2 . 3 ).

NO TE T he m a nu fac tu rer c a n c a r r y o ut add itio n a l te s ts witho ut re s tr ic tio n . Rep or ti ng o f s uch te s ts i s no t
re qu i re d .
7.9.2 Inspection and testing before brazing

B e fore bra z i ng , the fol lowi ng sh a l l b e che cke d:
a) s u itabi l ity and va l id ity o f bra z ers ’ a nd bra z i ng op erators ’ qua l i fic ation re cord s;
b) s u itabi l ity o f bra z i ng pro ce du re s p e ci fic ation, i f re qui re d;
c) identi fic ation o f p a rent materi a l s;
d) identi fic ation o f bra z i ng con s u mable s;

ISO 22688:2020(E)
e) joint preparation (e.g. cleaning, shape and dimensions);

f ) fit-up, jigging and tacking;
g) any special requirements in the brazing work instructions;
h) suitability o f working conditions for brazing, including environment.
7.9.3 Inspection and testing during brazing
During brazing, the following shall be checked at suitable intervals or by continuous monitoring:
a) essential brazing parameters (e.g. brazing temperature, brazing time, joint gap, joint clearance,
sur face preparation);
b) cleaning, placement and shapes o f the brazing filler metal, especially i f the form o f the brazing filler
metal is foil, wire, pre forms, tape, etc.;
c) correct use and handling o f brazing consumables;
d) brazing sequence.
7.9.4 Inspection and testing after brazing
A fter brazing, the compliance with relevant acceptance criteria shall be checked by the listed methods,
as applicable:
a) direct, unaided visual inspection;
b) veri fying form, shape and dimensions o f the assembly.
7.10 Non-conformance and corrective actions
Measures shall be implemented to recognize and control items or activities that do not con form to
specified requirements to prevent their inadvertent acceptance. Measures shall also be implemented to
ensure that conditions adverse to quality o f the assembly are promptly identified and corrected.
7.11 Quality records
Quality records shall include, when applicable:

a) record o f requirement/technical review;
b) parent material certificates;
c) brazing consumable certificates;
d) brazing procedure qualification records (BPQR), when required;
e) brazing procedure specifications (BPS), when required;
f ) brazing work instructions;
g) brazer or brazing operator qualification certificates;
h) heat-treatment procedure specification and records, when required;
i) non-destructive testing personnel certificates;
j) non-destructive testing and destructive testing procedures and reports, when required;
k) records o f repairs and non-con formance reports, when required;

ISO 22688:2020(E)
l) other documents, when required.

Quality records shall be retained for a minimum period o f five years in the absence o f any other
specified requirements.
8 Documents required to claim compliance to these quality requirements
8.1 General
Manu facturers may claim compliance with the quality requirements o f this document either by:
— adoption o f the ISO standards re ferenced in Clause 6 or Clause 7, as applicable; or
— adoption o f other standards or documents that provide technically equivalent conditions to the ISO
documents listed in Clause 6 or 7.
It is the responsibility o f the manu facturer to demonstrate that the standards or documents selected
provide technically equivalent conditions to those in the corresponding ISO standards.
Other standards that can be applied are listed in Annex B, Table B.1 to B.8 .
NOTE The contents of Tables B.1 to B.8 in Annex B do not establish that the standards listed are technically
equivalent, which remains the responsibility o f the manu facturer.
8.2 Declaration of compliance
A manu facturer claiming compliance with these requirements shall list the applicable supporting
standards or documents.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Annex A
(in fo rmative)
Criteria to assist in the selection of the appropriate quality

requirements
NO TE T he u s e o f “when re qu i re d” i nd ic ate s when re qu i re d b y a s p e c i fic atio n , pro duc t s ta nda rd , ap pl ic ation
s ta nd a rd , co ntrac t o r o ther do c u ment.
Table A.1 — Criteria to assist in the selection of the appropriate quality requirements
No. Element Comprehensive Elementary
1 Re view o f re qu i rements
re vie w re qu i re d (s e e 6.2.2 , 7. 2 . 2 )
qu a l ity re co rd re qu i re d [s e e 6 .16 a) , 7.1 1 a) ]
2 Te ch n ic a l revie w
re vie w re qu i re d (s e e 6.2.3 , 7. 2 . 3 )
qu a l ity re co rd re qu i re d [s e e 6 .16 a) , 7.1 1 a) ]
tre at l i ke a m a nu fac tu rer for the s p e c i fic s ub co ntrac te d p ro duc t, s er vice s
3 Sub - co ntrac ti n g a nd/or ac tivitie s , howe ver fi n a l re s p o n s ibi l ity for qu a l ity rem a i n s with the
m a nu fac tu rer (s e e 6.3 ), 7. 3
4 B ra z ers a nd bra z i n g
o p erators
qu a l i fic ation re qu i re d (s e e 6.4.2 , 7. 4. 2 )
5 B ra z i n g co ord i n ation
personnel re qu i re d (s e e 6.4.3) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
6 I n s p e c tion a nd te s ti n g
personnel qu a l i fic ation re qu i re d , e xcep t for d i re c t u n a ide d vi s u a l te s ti ng (s e e 6.5 , 7. 5 )

ade qu ate a nd ava i l ab le a s re qu i re d
for prep a ration , p ro ce s s e xe c ution ,
P ro duc tio n a nd te s ti ng te s ti ng , tra n s p o r t, l i fti ng i n comb i - b ra z i ng e qu ipment a s re qu i re d

7
e qu ipment n ation with s a fe ty e qu ip ment a nd (see ) 7. 6
p ers o n a l p ro te c tive e qu ipment
(see 6 . 6 .1 , 6.6.3 6.6.4)

,
8 do c u mente d p l a n s a nd re co rd s re - )
E qu ip ment m a i nten a nce
qu i re d [s e e 6.6.5 , 6 .16 k) ]
i n p rop er worki ng o rder (s e e 7. 6
9 D e s c r ip tion o f e qu ipment l i s t re qu i re d (s e e 6.6.2) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
re qu i re d (s e e 6 .7.1 )
10 P ro duc tion p l a n n i ng p l a n s a nd re cord s re qu i re d no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
[see 6 .16 b) ]
re qu i re d [ bra z i ng p ro ce du re s p e c i fi -
11 Work i n s tr uc tion s no t re qu i re d (s e e 6 .7. 4 ) c ation s m ay b e u s e d]
(see 7.7.1 )
B ra z i n g p ro ce du re
12 s p e c i fic ation s , i nclud i n g re qu i re d (s e e 6 .7. 2 ) i f re qu i re d (s e e 7.7. 2 )

cle a n i ng
13
Qu a l i fic atio n o f bra z i n g
procedures re qu i re d (s e e 6 .7. 3 ) i f re qu i re d (s e e 7.7. 3 )

14
B atc h te s ti n g o f c o n - i f re qu i re d (s e e 6.8.2) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
s u m ab l e s
p ro ce du re re qu i re d i n accord a nce
S to rage a nd h a nd l i ng o f i n acco rda nce with s upp l ier
15
b ra z i ng con s u m ab le s
with s upp l ier re com mend atio n s
(see 6 . 8 .1 ) re com mendation s (s e e 7. 8 )

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Table A.1 (continued)
No. Element Comprehensive Elementary

p ro te c tion re qu i re d i n accorda nce
with s upp l ier re com mendation s
16
S to rage o f p a rent
m ateri a l s
(see ) 6 .9 no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
identi fic ation m a i nta i ne d du r i n g
s torage (s e e 6 .9 )
s p e c i fic atio n a nd p er fo r m a nce i n
accord a nce with pro duc t s ta nda rd or
17
B ra z i n g a nd p o s t- bra z i n g s p e c i fie d re qu i rements (s e e 6 .10 ) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
he at tre atment p ro ce du re , re cord a nd trace ab i l ity
o f the re cord to the pro duc t a re re -

qu i re d [s e e 6 .10 , 6 .16 h) ]
I n s p e c tion a nd te s ti n g
18 b e fore , du ri n g a nd a fter re qu i re d (s e e 6 .1 1 , 7.9 )

b ra z i ng
N o n- con fo rm a nce a nd
me a s u re s to re co gn i z e a nd co ntro l i mp lemente d (s e e 6 .1 3 , 7.10 )
19 pro ce du re s for rep a i r a nd/o r
cor re c ti ve ac tion s
re c ti fic ation re qu i re d (s e e 6 .1 3 ) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
C a l ib ratio n o r va l idation
20 o f me a s u r i n g , i n s p e c tion re qu i re d (s e e 6 .14 ) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
a nd te s ti n g e qu ip ment
21
I denti fic ation du r i ng
process i f re qu i re d (s e e 6 .1 5 ) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
22 Trace ab i l ity i f re qu i re d (s e e 6 .1 5 ) no s p e c i fic re qu i rement
23 Qu a l ity re co rd s when app l ic ab le (s e e 6 .16 , 7.1 1 )

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Annex B
(informative)
Corresponding national standards
NOTE The contents of Tables B.1 to B.8 do not establish any technical equivalence between the standards
listed.
Tables B.1 to B.8 show the national standards corresponding to the ISO standard(s) re ferenced in this
document.
T a b l e B . 1 — F i l l e r m e t a l s a n d f l u x e s
ISO standard(s) referenced ISO 3677

in this document ISO 17672
Australia and New Zealand AS/NZS 1167.1
JB/T 6045
GB/T 6418
GB/T 10046
China
GB/T 10859
GB/T 13815
GB/T 18762
Europe EN 1045
JIS Z 3261
JIS Z 3262
JIS Z 3263
JIS Z 3264
Japan JIS Z 3265
JIS Z 3266
JIS Z 3267
JIS Z 3268
WES 5602
AWS A5.8/A5M
AWS A5.31
SAE AMS 2662
SAE AMS 2664
USA
SAE AMS 2665
SAE AMS 2675
SAE AMS 3410
SAE AMS 3412

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Table B.2 — Qualification o f brazing procedures

ISO standard(s) referenced
in this document
Australia and New Zealand AS/NZS 3992
China GB/T 11364
Europe EN 13134
Japan
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
United States of America
AWS B2.2/B2.2M
Table B.3 — Qualification o f brazing personnel

in this document
ISO 13585
China
Europe
JIS Z 3891
Japan
WES 8291
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
AWS B2.2/B2.2M

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Table B.4 — Production

in this document
Australia and New Zealand
China
Europe
Japan JIS Z 3621
AWS C3.3
AWS C3.4M/C3.4
AWS C3.5M/C3.5
AWS C3.6M/C3.6
AWS C3.7M/C3.7
AWS C3.9M/C3.9
AWS C3.13M/C3.13
SAE AMS 2670
SAE AMS 2672
SAE AMS 2678
Table B.5 — Inspection and testing

ISO standard(s) referenced
in this document
China GB/T 11363
EN 12797
Europe
EN 12799
JIS H 0321
JIS Z 3192
JIS Z 3900
JIS Z 3901
JIS Z 3902
Japan
JIS Z 3903
JIS Z 3904
JIS Z 3905
JIS Z 3906
LWS T 8801
United States of America AWS C3.8M/C3.8

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Table B.6 — Imperfections

in this document
China GB/T 33219
Europe
Japan
United States of America AWS C3.2M/C3.2
T a b l e B . 7 — Te r m s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s
ISO standard(s) referenced ISO 857-2

in this document ISO 9000
GB/T 5185
China
GB/T 33148
Europe
Japan JIS Z 3001-3
United States of America AWS A3.0M/A3.0
Table B.8 — Miscellaneous

in this document
China
Europe EN 14324
Japan JIS Z 3191
United States of America SAE J1147

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Annex C
(in fo rmative)
Elements to be considered for a quality management system to

complement these requirements
M any attribute s contribute to a qua l ity ma nagement s ys tem (QM S ) (e . g. ISO 9 0 01) . T his an ne x
identi fie s tho s e QM S elements th at the manu fac tu rer s hou ld con s ider i mp lementi ng to s upp or t the s e
re qu i rements .
a) control o f do c umente d i n formation (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 7. 5 , 7. 5 . 3 ) ;
b) le aders h ip (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , C laus e 5 ) ;
c) re s ou rce s (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 7.1) ;
d) comp e tence o f op erationa l p ers on nel (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 7. 2 ) ;
e) awarene s s o f op erationa l p ers on nel (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 7. 3 ) ;
f) op erationa l pla nn i ng and control (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 .1) ;
g) de term i nation o f the re qu i rements for pro duc ts a nd s er vice s (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 . 2 . 2 ) ;
h) review o f the re qu i rements for pro duc ts and s er vice s (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 . 2 . 3 ) ;
i) control o f ex terna l ly provide d pro ce s s e s , pro duc ts and s er vice s (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 .4) ;
j) control o f pro duc tion a nd s er vice provi s ion (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 . 5 .1) ;
k) prop er ty b elongi ng to c u s tomers or ex terna l providers (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 . 5 . 3 ) ;
l) i nterna l aud it (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 9. 2 ) ;
m) rele a s e o f pro duc ts and s er vice s (e . g. I S O 9 0 01 : 2 01 5 , 8 . 6) .
NO TE I S O 9 0 0 4 pro vide s gu id a nce to orga n i z ation s to s up p or t the ach ie vement o f s u s ta i ne d s ucce s s b y a
qu a l ity m a n agement ap pro ach . I t i s ap p l ic ab le to a ny orga n i z ation , re ga rd le s s o f s i z e , typ e a nd ac tivity.

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Annex D
(in fo rmative)
Information and requirements for the workshop and/or

installation site
T he fol lowi ng i n formation a nd re qu i rements shou ld b e agre e d a nd do c umente d, when appl ic able:
a) the appl ication s tandard s to b e u s e d, i f a ny, to ge ther with a ny s upplementa r y re qu i rements;
b) the bra z i ng pro ce du re s p e ci fic ation (B P S ) and/or work i n s tr uc tion s , i nclud i ng the bra z i ng pro ce s s
a nd the bra z i ng va ri able s;
c) the j oi nt de s ign for the te s t pie ce s to ge ther with releva nt tolerance s a nd the nu mb er o f te s t pie ce s
re qu i re d;
d) the s p e ci fic ation s o f the p arent m ateria l s;
e) the s p e ci fic ation s o f the bra z i ng con s u mable s;
f) the ha nd l i ng o f p a rent materi a l s and bra z i ng con s u mable s;
g) the de s ign a nd me tho d o f prep a ration o f the te s t s p e c i men s a nd, where appropriate, the nu mb er to
b e ta ken from a ny te s t pie ce;
h) the accep tance c riteri a;
i) the pri ncip le o f and pro ce du re for re te s ti ng o f a s erie s o f te s t pie ce s , i nclud i ng any add itiona l
re qu i rements with re gard to the nu mb er o f te s t pie ce s/te s t s p e ci men s a nd any re tra i n i ng and ti me
delay cond ition s prior to re a s s e s s ment;
j) the e xtent o f vi s ua l te s ti ng a nd add itiona l te s ti ng re qu i rements for the non- de s truc tive a nd/or
de s truc tive te s ts;
k) re cord s a nd do c umentation .

ISO 22688:2020(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 3677, Filler metal for soldering and brazing — Designation
[2] ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 1: Criteria for the
selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements
[3] ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive
quality requirements
[4] ISO 3438-3, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Standard
[5] ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary
[6] ISO 3834-5, Quality requirements for fusion welding o f metallic materials — Part 5: Documents
with which it is necessary to conform to claim conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2,
ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4
[7] ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
[8] ISO 5179, Investigation of brazeability using a varying gap test piece
[9] ISO 9004, Quality management — Quality ofan organization — Guidance to achieve sustained success
[10] ISO 9001:2015, Quality management systems — Requirements
[11] ISO 10018, Quality management — Guidelines on people involvement and competence
[12] ISO 14731, Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities
[13] ISO 17672, Brazing — Filler metals
[14] ISO/TR 3834-6, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 6: Guidelines
on implementing ISO 3834
[15] B oiler ASME and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX — Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications
[16] AS/NZS 1167-1, Welding and brazing — Filler metals, Part 1: Filler metal for brazing and braze
welding
[17] AS/NZS 2812, Welding, brazing and cutting of metals — Glossary of terms
[18] AS/NZS 3992, Pressure equipment — Welding and brazing qualification
[19] AWS A3.0M/A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions; Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding,
Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Cutting and Thermal Spraying
[20] AWS A5.8/A5M, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding
[21] AWS A5.31, Specification for Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding
[22] AWS B2.2/B2.2M, Standard for Brazing Procedure and Performance Qualification
[23] AWS BRH Brazing Handbook
[24] AWS C3.2M/C3.2, Standard Method for Evaluating the Strength of Brazed Joints
[25] AWS C3.3, Recommended Practices for the Design, Manufacture, and Examination ofCritical Brazed
Components

ISO 2 2 688: 2 02 0(E)
[26] AWS C3.4M/C3.4, Specification for Torch Brazing

[27] AWS C3.5M/C3.5, Specification for Induction Brazing
[28] AWS C3.6M/C3.6, Specification for Furnace Brazing
[29] AWS C3.7M/C3.7, Specification for Aluminum Brazing
[30] AWS C3.8M/C3.8, Specification for the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Examination of Brazed Joints
[31] AWS C3.9M/C3.9, Specification for Resistance Brazing
[32] AWS C3.13M/C3.13, Specification for Controlled Atmosphere Brazing (CAB) of Aluminum
[33] EN 1045, Brazing — Fluxes for brazing — Classification and technical delivery conditions
[34] EN 12797, Brazing — Destructive tests of brazed joints
[35] EN 12799, Brazing — Non-destructive examination of brazed joints
[36] EN 13134, Brazing — Procedure approval
[37] EN 14324, Brazing — Guidance on the application of brazed joints
[38] GB/T 5185, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
[39] GB/T 6418, Copper base brazing filler metals
[40] GB/T 10046, Silver brazing filler metals
[41] GB/T 10859, Nickel base brazing filler metals
[42] GB/T 11363, Test method of the strength for brazed and soldered joint
[43] GB/T 11364, Test method of wettability for brazing filler metals
[44] GB/T 13815, Aluminium base brazing filler metals
[45] GB/T 18762, Specification for filler brazing materials made of precious metal and their alloy
[46] GB/T 33148, Soldering and brazing terms
[47] GB/T 33219, Imperfections in brazed joint
[48] JB/T 6045, Fluxes for brazing
[49] JIS H 0321, General rules for inspection of non-ferrous metal materials
[50] JIS Z 3001-3, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Soldering and brazing
[51] JIS Z 3191, Method of wetting test for brazing filler metals
[52] JIS Z 3192, Method of tensile and shear tests for brazed joint
[53] JIS Z 3261, Silver brazing filler metals
[54] JIS Z 3262, Copper and copper alloy brazing filler metals
[55] JIS Z 3263, Aluminium alloy brazing filler metals and brazing sheets
[56] JIS Z 3264, Copper phosphorus brazing filler metals
[57] JIS Z 3265, Nickel brazing filler metals
[58] JIS Z 3266, Gold brazing filler metals

ISO 2 2 688: 2 02 0(E)
[59] JIS Z 3267, Palladium brazing filler metals

[60] JIS Z 3268, Precious brazing filler metals for vacuum service
[61] JIS Z 3621, Recommended practice for brazing
[62] JIS Z 3891, Standard qualification procedure for silver brazing technique
[63] JIS Z 3900, Methods for sampling of precious brazing filler metals
[64] JIS Z 3901, Methods for chemical analysis of silver brazing filler metals
[65] JIS Z 3902, Method for chemical analysis of brass brazing filler metals
[66] JIS Z 3903, Method for chemical analysis of copper and phosphorus brazing filler metals
[67] JIS Z 3904, Method for chemical analysis o f gold brazing filler metals
[68] JIS Z 3905, Method for chemical analysis of nickel brazing filler metals
[69] JIS Z 3906, Method for chemical analysis of palladium brazing filler metals
[70] LWS T 8801, Testing methods of brazing characteristics for aluminum brazing sheets
[71] SAE AMS 2662, Brazing, Gold-Nickel Alloy Filler Metal
[72] SAE AMS 2664, Brazing, Silver, for Use Up to 800 °F (427 °C)
[73] SAE AMS 2665, Brazing, Silver for Use Up to 400°F (204°C)
[74] SAE AMS 2670, Brazing, Copper
[75] SAE AMS 2672, Brazing, Aluminum Torch or Furnace
[76] SAE AMS 2675, Brazing, Nickel Alloy Filler Metal
[77] SAE AMS 2678, Furnace Brazing o f Parts in a Vacuum Atmosphere
[78] SAE AMS 3410, Flux, Silver Brazing
[79] SAE AMS 3412, Flux, Aluminum Brazing for Torch or Furnace Brazing
[80] SAE J1147, Welding, Brazing, and Soldering — Materials and Practices
[81] WES 5602, Fluxes for brazing
[82] WES 8291, Standard for certification of silver brazing welders

ISO 2 2 688: 2 02 0(E)
ICS 25.160.01
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INTERNATIONAL ISO

Brazing — Quality requirements for

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

7.2 .2 Review o f requirements ......................................................................................................................................... 13

7.2 .3 Technical review ........................................................................................................................................................... 13

7.4 B razing p ers o nnel ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14

7 . 4. 2 B razers and b razing o p erato rs ......................................................................................................................... 14

7.5 I ns p ectio n and tes ting p ers o nnel ........................................................................................................................................ 14

7.5 .2 N o n- des tructive tes ting p ers o nnel ................................................................................................................ 15

7.7 B razing and related activities .................................................................................................................................................. 15

7.7.1 B razing wo rk ins tructio ns .................................................................................................................................... 15

7.7.2 B razing p ro cedure s p ecificatio ns ................................................................................................................... 15

7.8 B razing co ns umab les ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.9 I ns p ectio n and tes ting ................................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.9.3 I ns p ectio n and tes ting during b razing ....................................................................................................... 16

7.1 0 f N o n- co n o rmance and co rrective actio ns ..................................................................................................................... 16

8 Documents required to claim compliance to these quality requirements ........................................... 17

iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v

appropriate control i s exerci s e d over a l l as p e c ts o f the op eration .

T h i s do c ument i s s i m i lar i n s cop e a nd pu r p o s e to the I S O 3 8 3 4 s erie s a nd ha s b e en adap te d for bra z i ng

(e . g. I S O 9 0 01) i s appl ie d by manu fac tu rers .

i n renderi ng a de c i s ion as to the qua l ity o f the bra z e d j oi nt.

appl ie d i n the fol lowi ng c i rc u m s tance s:

— i n contrac tua l s ituation s: s p e ci fic ation o f bra z i ng qua l ity re qu i rements;

qua l ity re qu i rements;

— by orga ni z ation s a s s e s s i ng bra z i ng qua l ity p er forma nce (e . g. th i rd p a r tie s , c u s tomers or

manu fac tu rers) .

a qua l ity management s ys tem (e . g. I S O 9 0 01) .

for bra z i ng.

re qui re control o f bra z i ng ac tivitie s .

T h i s do c u ment c an b e u s e d by i nterna l a nd e xterna l organ i z ation s , i nclud i ng cer ti fic ation b o d ie s , to

vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved vii

Brazing — Quality requirements for brazing of metallic

materi a l s . I t appl ie s to manu fac tu ri ng , b o th i n workshop s a nd at i n s ta l lation s ite s .

NO TE 1 T h i s do c u ment i s app l ic ab le to b ra z i n g i ndu s tr y qu a l ity m a n agement s ys tem s , s i m i l a r i n s cop e a nd

pu r p o s e to the I S O 3 8 3 4 s er ie s . T h i s do c u ment pro vide s comp le te s e ts o f qu a l ity re qu i rements for pro ce s s

l i s ts the do c u ments with wh ich it i s ne ce s s a r y to con for m to the s e re qu i rements . T he re qu i rements i n th i s

the m a nu fac tu rer.

NO TE 2 T he s e re qu i rements c a n b e u s e d o n thei r own b y a m a nu fac tu rer or i n co nj u nc tion with a qu a l ity

m a n agement s ys tem (e . g. I S O 9 0 01) .

Brazing of metallic components

3 Terms and definitions

fol lowi ng apply.

— I S O O n l i ne brows i ng pl at form: avai l able at https://www.iso .org/obp

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 1

2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 3

5 Selection of the appropriate level of quality requirements

6 Comprehensive quality requirements

4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

6.2 Review of requirements and technical review

6.2.2 Review of requirements

Aspects to be considered shall include the following:

Technical requirements to be considered shall include the following:

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved 5