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Notes On Complex

1. If A ⊆ B, then f(A) ⊆ f(B) and f^-1(A) ⊆ f^-1(B). Additionally, f([A)) = [f(A)] and f^-1([A)) = [f^-1(A)]. However, only f^-1(\A) = \f^-1(A) and f^-1(Ac) = f^-1(A). 2. If f is continuous, f^-1(G) is open, f^-1(F) is closed, and f(K) is compact for open G, closed F, and compact K. 3. Every

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Rawan Madi
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25 views

Notes On Complex

1. If A ⊆ B, then f(A) ⊆ f(B) and f^-1(A) ⊆ f^-1(B). Additionally, f([A)) = [f(A)] and f^-1([A)) = [f^-1(A)]. However, only f^-1(\A) = \f^-1(A) and f^-1(Ac) = f^-1(A). 2. If f is continuous, f^-1(G) is open, f^-1(F) is closed, and f(K) is compact for open G, closed F, and compact K. 3. Every

Uploaded by

Rawan Madi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 219

Test Yourself

1. Let f : X ! Y be a given function. [ No continuity assumed]. Prove:


If A B, then f (A) f (B), and f 1 (A) f 1 (B). Also f ([A ) = [ f (A),
and f 1 ([A ) = [ f 1 (A). However, for the other set operations, only
c
f 1 (\A ) = \ f 1 (A ), f 1 (Ac ) = f 1 (A) :
2. Let f : X ! Y be a continuous function, G an open subset of Y , F is
a closed subset of Y , and K a compact subset of X. Prove that f 1 (G) is an
open subset of X,f 1 (F ) is a closed subset of X and f (K) is a compact subset
of Y .
3. If p is a limit point of a set E, prove that there is a sequence of points pn
in E, which converges to p.
4. If f : X ! R is continuous, prove that fx 2 X : f 2 (x) = f (x)g is a closed
set.
5. If f : X ! R is continuous, prove that fx 2 X : f 2 (x) f (x)g is a closed
set. What about the set fx P2 X : f 2 (x) > f (x)g. P
1 n
6. Consider the series n=1 an bn , and let An = j=1 aj . If An is bounded,
P1
and bn is monotone decreasing and limn!1 bn = 0, prove that n=1 an bn
converges.
7. Use problem 6 to discuss the possible convergence of the following series:
X1 X1
( 1)n 1 1 1 1 1
(a) ; (b) +p +p + +p sin nx:
n=1
n n=1
n 1 2 3 n

8. Recall how we proved in class that every monotonically increasing se-


quence which is bounded above is convergent. Now, let f : (a; b) ! R be a
monotonically decreasing function. If x 2 (a; b), prove that the set ff (t) : t <
x; t 2 (a; b)g is bounded above,and the set ff (t) : t > x; t 2 (a; b)g is bounded
below. Then prove that both limits f (x 0), and f (x + 0) exist, and that
f (x + 0) f (x) f (x 0).
9. Let E be a bounded subset of R which is not compact. (a) Prove that
there is at least one limit point of E which does not belong to E. Call such
a point x0 . (b) Use x0 to …nd a function f (x) which is continuous on E but
not bounded on E. (c) Let h(x) = 1+(x1 x0 )2 , prove that h is continuous and
bounded on E. (d) Show that supt2E h(t) = 1, but that there is no point c 2 E
where h(c) = 1.
10.Recall that the closure E of a set E, is de…ned as E = E [ E 0 . (a) E is a
closed set that contains E. That is E E. (b) If F is any other closed set that
contains E, prove that it also contains E. i.e. if E F , and F is closed, then
E F . (c) Prove that E = \ 2I F ; where the intersection is over all closed
sets containing E.
11. If f : X ! Y is continuous and E is any subset of X, prove that
f (E) f (E).
12. Let f : X ! Y be a uniformly continuous function [On X]. Let fxn g
be a Cauchy sequence in X. Prove that ff (xn )g is a Cauchy sequence in Y .

1
13. Prove that f (x) = x is not uniformly continuous on R. Prove that
f (x) = x1 is not uniformly continuous on (0; 1):
14. Let f : ( 1; 1) ! R be a continuous function. If limx! 1 f (x) = L,
and limx!+1 f (x) = M , both exist as …nite numbers, prove that f is uniformly
continuous on R.

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