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    SEE211 Energy, Climate Change and Sustainability

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    The document discusses emissions from industrial sectors like iron and steel. It notes that the industrial sector contributes over 30% of global emissions. Within industries, steel production alone contributes around 7% of global emissions. The document outlines challenges to decarbonizing heavy industry like the need for collaboration across complex supply chains and development of common low-emission standards. It analyzes levers to reduce industrial emissions like optimizing demand, decarbonizing processes, lowering energy consumption, and developing frameworks to track industry transformation progress.

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    SEE211 Energy, Climate Change and Sustainability

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    pm020202pm
    16 views20 pages
    The document discusses emissions from industrial sectors like iron and steel. It notes that the industrial sector contributes over 30% of global emissions. Within industries, steel production alone contributes around 7% of global emissions. The document outlines challenges to decarbonizing heavy industry like the need for collaboration across complex supply chains and development of common low-emission standards. It analyzes levers to reduce industrial emissions like optimizing demand, decarbonizing processes, lowering energy consumption, and developing frameworks to track industry transformation progress.

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    The document discusses emissions from industrial sectors like iron and steel. It notes that the industrial sector contributes over 30% of global emissions. Within industries, steel production alone contributes around 7% of global emissions. The document outlines challenges to decarbonizing heavy industry like the need for collaboration across complex supply chains and development of common low-emission standards. It analyzes levers to reduce industrial emissions like optimizing demand, decarbonizing processes, lowering energy consumption, and developing frameworks to track industry transformation progress.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views20 pages

    SEE211 Energy, Climate Change and Sustainability

    Uploaded by

    pm020202pm
    The document discusses emissions from industrial sectors like iron and steel. It notes that the industrial sector contributes over 30% of global emissions. Within industries, steel production alone contributes around 7% of global emissions. The document outlines challenges to decarbonizing heavy industry like the need for collaboration across complex supply chains and development of common low-emission standards. It analyzes levers to reduce industrial emissions like optimizing demand, decarbonizing processes, lowering energy consumption, and developing frameworks to track industry transformation progress.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Lecture 10

    SEE211
    Energy, Climate Change and Sustainability
    Industrial Emissions and
    Reductions for Decarbonization
    Emissions (sector wise)
    Ø Industrial sector is the biggest
    emitter

    • Iron & steel industry alone


    contributes to > 7% of world
    emission (higher for India)

    • Chemical and Cement next biggest


    emitters
    GHG emissions (sector wise)

    IEA: CO2 Emissions in 2022


    Emissions: Categorization

    • Scope 1 and 2
    are often counted

    • Scope 3 remains
    unreported or is
    not very
    transparent
    GHG emissions sector wise

    ※ Industrial sector > 30% of emission (scope 1 and 2)


    ※ Manufacturing based industries primarily emits through Scope 1 and 2
    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum
    India’s GHG emissions

    Decarbonising India: Charting a pathway for sustainable growth, McKinsey 2022


    Steel Industry
    Steel Industry
    § Steel sector accounts for around 7% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 11% of
    global CO2 emissions .

    § In 2019:
    § The sector accounted for 2.6 gigatons (GT) of direct CO2 emissions globally,
    representing about one-quarter of industrial CO2 emissions
    § 7% of total energy sector CO2 emissions
    § More than the CO2 emissions from all road freight that year.

    § Steel sector emissions are primarily due to its reliance on coal. Metallurgical coal meets 75%
    of the sector’s energy needs .

    § In primary steel production route (70% of current world volume) – metallurgical coal, also
    called coking coal or met coal, serves as a reducing agent, a source of energy and a source
    of carbon.

    § For one tonne of steel produced through this route, between 1.5 and 3 tons of CO2 are
    released into the atmosphere .
    Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap (IEA, 2020)
    Challenges for Industries
    • Require complex multistakeholder collaboration:
    o Diverse set of issues and supply chain in different industries
    o NZE require collaboration in customers, suppliers, CO2
    mitigation bodies, companies, government, financial institution
    etc

    • Common standards for “low-emission” production thresholds need


    to be established for industrial companies to calibrate the
    transformation of their key production processes.

    • Technologies developed (or under development), however, pace of


    demonstration projects need to be increased
    Challenges for Industries
    • End customer demand needs to be strengthened

    • Heavily Capex dependent


    o Favorable taxonomies and public funding in the form of grants,
    low-interest and concessional loans, etc. needed to reduce
    companies’ risk exposure
    o Pace of investment needs to be increased drastically

    • Policy frameworks are necessary to level the playing field for first
    movers willing to invest in higher-cost, low-emission production.
    Framework for net-zero industry performance

    Tracking four drivers of industry net


    greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Levers to reduce emissions

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Optimize demand and production
    • Demand for industrial products expected
    to grow significantly by 2050
    o population, urbanization and
    economic growth

    • Significant demand-side efficiency gains


    needed to optimize production volumes.

    • Tasks :
    o design regulations
    o incentives to promote longer lifetimes
    o circularity measures to improve
    recycling
    o demand management
    o substitutes

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Optimize demand and production

    • Wide range of end uses


    • Large scale production
    o Difficulty in substitution

    • Net-zero transformation of
    cities (buildings and structures)
    critical
    o Future demand for cement
    and steel.

    • Agriculture to NetZero à
    Fertilizers and ammonia.
    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum
    Decarbonize industrial process

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Decarbonizing industry : primary vs secondary processes
    Maximum potential emission intensity Maximum potential
    § At different technological maturity and
    reduction: primary production
    commercial readiness, new low-emission emission intensity
    production routes have been identified reduction: secondary
    production
    § Recycling steel and aluminium
    (secondary production) generates
    significantly fewer emissions than
    primary production.

    § Secondary steel and aluminium


    production could reach near-zero
    emissions if fully powered by renewable
    electricity.

    § Around 85% of steel and 75% of


    aluminium are recycled at the end of
    their useful lifecycle.

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Decarbonize: Lower energy consumption
    Energy consumption by sector (exajoules § Currently, all sectors rely on fossil fuels as
    (EJ)) energy sources, feedstock or reducing agents.

    § Further energy efficiency gains can be realized


    o Nature of certain production processes
    may eventually cap progress.

    § Fossil fuel emissions can be mitigated through


    substitution with low-carbon energy sources
    (e.g. switching from coal to biomass from
    agricultural waste)

    § Electrification of plants and equipment


    wherever possible and greening the grid can
    also eliminate significant emissions from fossil
    fuels.

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Decarbonize: Lower energy consumption
    § Secondary Al production (33% of total
    production) and a high share of
    hydropower in primary Al production (25%)
    § 65% of global Al production today is
    already below IEA 2030 emission
    intensity threshold.

    § Secondary steel production (22% of total


    production)
    § 19% of global steel production today is
    already below IEA 2030 emission
    intensity threshold.

    § Development of blue and green ammonia,


    and carbon capture, utilization and storage
    (CCUS) in cement: Optimistic yet
    challenging

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum


    Framework for industry readiness

    Five enabling
    dimensions of
    industry net-
    zero
    transformation

    Net-Zero Industry Tracker 2022 Edition – World Economic Forum

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