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    Thinking Errors

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    Anna
    The document discusses 11 common thinking errors: 1) all-or-nothing thinking, 2) catastrophizing, 3) discounting positives, 4) emotional reasoning, 5) labeling, 6) magnification/minimization, 7) mental filtering, 8) mind reading, 9) overgeneralization, 10) personalization, and 11) "should" statements. These errors involve making judgments and conclusions that are untrue or have only a grain of truth, such as viewing things in extremes, predicting the worst possible outcome, dismissing positive qualities or experiences, making decisions based on emotions rather than facts, using global negative labels, focusing only on negatives while ignoring positives, assuming you know what others are thinking without evidence, making

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    Thinking Errors

    Uploaded by

    Anna
    25 views2 pages
    The document discusses 11 common thinking errors: 1) all-or-nothing thinking, 2) catastrophizing, 3) discounting positives, 4) emotional reasoning, 5) labeling, 6) magnification/minimization, 7) mental filtering, 8) mind reading, 9) overgeneralization, 10) personalization, and 11) "should" statements. These errors involve making judgments and conclusions that are untrue or have only a grain of truth, such as viewing things in extremes, predicting the worst possible outcome, dismissing positive qualities or experiences, making decisions based on emotions rather than facts, using global negative labels, focusing only on negatives while ignoring positives, assuming you know what others are thinking without evidence, making

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    Thinking errors

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    Thinking errors

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    The document discusses 11 common thinking errors: 1) all-or-nothing thinking, 2) catastrophizing, 3) discounting positives, 4) emotional reasoning, 5) labeling, 6) magnification/minimization, 7) mental filtering, 8) mind reading, 9) overgeneralization, 10) personalization, and 11) "should" statements. These errors involve making judgments and conclusions that are untrue or have only a grain of truth, such as viewing things in extremes, predicting the worst possible outcome, dismissing positive qualities or experiences, making decisions based on emotions rather than facts, using global negative labels, focusing only on negatives while ignoring positives, assuming you know what others are thinking without evidence, making

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views2 pages

    Thinking Errors

    Uploaded by

    Anna
    The document discusses 11 common thinking errors: 1) all-or-nothing thinking, 2) catastrophizing, 3) discounting positives, 4) emotional reasoning, 5) labeling, 6) magnification/minimization, 7) mental filtering, 8) mind reading, 9) overgeneralization, 10) personalization, and 11) "should" statements. These errors involve making judgments and conclusions that are untrue or have only a grain of truth, such as viewing things in extremes, predicting the worst possible outcome, dismissing positive qualities or experiences, making decisions based on emotions rather than facts, using global negative labels, focusing only on negatives while ignoring positives, assuming you know what others are thinking without evidence, making

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Thinking errors

    Although some automatic thoughts are true,


    many are either untrue or have just a grain of
    truth. Typical mistakes in thinking include:

    1. All-or-nothing thinking (also called black-and-white, polarized, or dichotomous


    thinking): You view a situation in only two categories instead of on a
    continuum. Example: “If I’m not a total success, I’m a failure.”

    2. Catastrophizing (also called fortune-telling): You predict the future negatively


    without considering other, more likely outcomes. Example: “I’ll be so upset, I
    won’t be able to function at all.”

    3. Disqualifying or discounting the positive: You unreasonably tell yourself that


    positive experiences, deeds, or qualities do not count. Example: “I did that
    project well, but that doesn’t mean I’m competent; I just got lucky.”

    4. Emotional reasoning: You think something must be true because you “feel”
    (actually believe) it so strongly, ignoring or discounting evidence to the
    contrary. Example: “I know I do a lot of things okay at work, but I still feel like
    I’m a failure.”

    5. Labeling: You put a fixed, global label on yourself or others without considering
    that the evidence might more reasonably lead to a less disastrous
    conclusion. Example: “I’m a loser. He’s no good.”

    6. Magnification/minimization: When you evaluate yourself, another person, or a


    situation, you unreasonably magnify the negative and/or minimize the
    positive. Example: “Getting a mediocre evaluation proves how inadequate I
    am. Getting high marks doesn’t mean I’m smart.”

    7. Mental filter (also called selective abstraction): You pay undue attention to one
    negative detail instead of seeing the whole picture. Example: “Because I got
    one low rating on my evaluation [which also contained several high ratings] it
    means I’m doing a lousy job.”

    8. Mind reading: You believe you know what others are thinking, failing to
    consider other, more likely possibilities. Example: “He thinks that I don’t
    know the first thing about this project.”

    9. Overgeneralization: You make a sweeping negative conclusion that goes far


    beyond the current situation. Example: “[Because I felt uncomfortable at the
    meeting] I don’t have what it takes to make friends.”

    10. Personalization: You believe others are behaving negatively because of you,
    without considering more plausible explanations for their behavior. Example:
    “The repairman was curt to me because I did something wrong.”

    11. “Should” and “must” statements (also called imperatives): You have a precise,
    fixed idea of how you or others should behave, and you overestimate how
    bad it is that these expectations are not met. Example: “It’s terrible that I
    made a mistake. I should always do my best.”

    12. Tunnel vision: You only see the negative aspects of a situation. Example: “my
    son’s teacher can’t do anything right. He’s critical and insensitive and lousy
    at teaching.”

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