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    Science-10 Q3 Lecture DNA and RNA

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    bruh669
    DNA stores and replicates genetic information in the form of a double-stranded helix made of nucleotides. It is located in the nucleus and mitochondria. DNA is more stable than RNA due to its deoxyribose sugar. RNA has a single strand and converts DNA's genetic code into a format to build proteins. It contains ribose and uracil instead of thymine. The three types of RNA are mRNA, which transports genetic code to ribosomes, tRNA which brings amino acids to ribosomes, and rRNA which makes up ribosomes.

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    Science-10 Q3 Lecture DNA and RNA

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    bruh669
    21 views2 pages
    DNA stores and replicates genetic information in the form of a double-stranded helix made of nucleotides. It is located in the nucleus and mitochondria. DNA is more stable than RNA due to its deoxyribose sugar. RNA has a single strand and converts DNA's genetic code into a format to build proteins. It contains ribose and uracil instead of thymine. The three types of RNA are mRNA, which transports genetic code to ribosomes, tRNA which brings amino acids to ribosomes, and rRNA which makes up ribosomes.

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    DNA stores and replicates genetic information in the form of a double-stranded helix made of nucleotides. It is located in the nucleus and mitochondria. DNA is more stable than RNA due to its deoxyribose sugar. RNA has a single strand and converts DNA's genetic code into a format to build proteins. It contains ribose and uracil instead of thymine. The three types of RNA are mRNA, which transports genetic code to ribosomes, tRNA which brings amino acids to ribosomes, and rRNA which makes up ribosomes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Science-10 Q3 Lecture DNA and RNA

    Uploaded by

    bruh669
    DNA stores and replicates genetic information in the form of a double-stranded helix made of nucleotides. It is located in the nucleus and mitochondria. DNA is more stable than RNA due to its deoxyribose sugar. RNA has a single strand and converts DNA's genetic code into a format to build proteins. It contains ribose and uracil instead of thymine. The three types of RNA are mRNA, which transports genetic code to ribosomes, tRNA which brings amino acids to ribosomes, and rRNA which makes up ribosomes.

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    DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)

    •DNA replicates and stores genetic information. It is a blueprint for all genetic information
    contained within an organism.
    •DNA is a storage device, a biological flash drive that allows the blueprint of life to be passed
    between generations.
    Structure:
    •DNA consists of two strands, arranged in a double helix. These strands are made up of
    subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar molecule
    and a nitrogenous base.
    •The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, which contains one less hydroxyl group than RNA’s
    ribose.
    •The bases in DNA are Adenine (‘A’), Thymine (‘T’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’).
    Location:
    •DNA is found in the nucleus, with a small amount of DNA also present in mitochondria.
    Reactivity:
    •Due to its deoxyribose sugar, which contains one less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group,
    DNA is a more stable molecule than RNA, which is useful for a molecule which has the task
    of keeping genetic information safe.
    RNA (RiboNucleic Acid)
    •RNA converts the genetic information contained within DNA to a format used to build
    proteins, and then moves it to ribosomal protein factories.
    •RNA functions as the reader that decodes the DNA. This reading process is multi-step and
    there are specialized RNAs for each of these steps.
    Structure:
    •RNA only has one strand, but like DNA, is made up of nucleotides. RNA strands are shorter
    than DNA strands.
    •RNA contains ribose sugar molecules, without the hydroxyl modifications of deoxyribose.
    •RNA shares Adenine (‘A’), Guanine (‘G’) and Cytosine (‘C’) with DNA, but contains Uracil
    (‘U’) rather than Thymine.

    Location:
    •RNA forms in the nucleolus, and then moves to specialized regions of the cytoplasm
    depending on the type of RNA formed.
    Reactivity:

    •RNA, containing a ribose sugar, is more reactive than DNA and is not stable in alkaline conditions.
    RNA’s larger helical grooves mean it is more easily subject to attack by enzymes.

    Types of RNA

    •Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies portions of genetic code, a process called transcription, and
    transports these copies to ribosomes, which are the cellular factories that facilitate the production of
    proteins from this code.

    •Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids, basic protein building blocks, to these
    protein factories, in response to the coded instructions introduced by the mRNA.

    •Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosome factory itself without which protein
    production would not occur.

    Three different types of RNA:

    •mRNA (messenger) used as template to make proteins

    •rRNA (ribosomal) makes up ribosomes

    •tRNA (transfer) matches amino acids to mRNA to help make proteins

    Chargaff’s rule

    •Chargaff’s rules (Erwin Chargaff) state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1
    ratio (Base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of
    guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine.

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