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Create A Java Web Application Using Embedded Tomcat - Heroku Dev Center

This document provides instructions for creating a simple Java web application using embedded Tomcat. It includes steps to set up the project structure using Maven, add a launcher class to run the embedded Tomcat server, add a servlet class to handle requests, and deploy the application to Heroku. Sample code is available on GitHub for reference. The tutorial allows a user to build a basic Java web app from scratch using embedded Tomcat for local development and deployment.

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Create A Java Web Application Using Embedded Tomcat - Heroku Dev Center

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Create a Java Web Application Using Embedded

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D Last updated December 16, 2019

G Table of Contents
Prerequisites

Create your pom.xml

Add a launcher class

Add a Servlet

Add a JSP

Run your application

Deploy your application to Heroku

Create a Procfile

Deploy to Heroku

Clone the source

This tutorial will show you how to create a simple Java web application using embedded Tomcat.

Follow each step to build an app from scratch, or skip to the end get the source for this article.

t Sample code for the embedded Tomcat demo (https://github.com/heroku/devcenter-embedded-

tomcat) is available on GitHub.

Prerequisites
Basic Java knowledge, including an installed version of the JVM and Maven.

Basic Git knowledge, including an installed version of Git.

Create your pom.xml

Create a folder to hold your app and create a file called pom.xml in the root of that folder with the following
contents:

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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-insta

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.heroku.sample</groupId>
<artifactId>embeddedTomcatSample</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>embeddedTomcatSample Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<tomcat.version>8.5.23</tomcat.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jasper-el</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>embeddedTomcatSample</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>appassembler-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<assembleDirectory>target</assembleDirectory>
<programs>
<program>
<mainClass>launch.Main</mainClass>
<name>webapp</name>
</program>
</programs>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>assemble</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>

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</plugins>
</build>
</project>

This pom.xml defines the dependencies that you’ll need to run Tomcat in an embedded mode.

The last 3 entries are only required for applications that use JSP files. If you use this technique for an application
that doesn’t use JSPs then you can just include the first 3 dependencies.

There is also a single plugin defined. The appassembler plugin generates a launch script that automatically sets
up your classpath and calls your main method (created below) to launch your application.

Add a launcher class

Create a file called Main.java in your src/main/java/launch directory and put the following in it:

package launch;

import java.io.File;

import org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.DirResourceSet;
import org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

String webappDirLocation = "src/main/webapp/";

Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();

//The port that we should run on can be set into an environment variable
//Look for that variable and default to 8080 if it isn't there.
String webPort = System.getenv("PORT");
if(webPort == null || webPort.isEmpty()) {
webPort = "8080";
}

tomcat.setPort(Integer.valueOf(webPort));

StandardContext ctx = (StandardContext) tomcat.addWebapp("/", new File(webappDirLocation).ge

System.out.println("configuring app with basedir: " + new File("./" + webappDirLocation).get

// Declare an alternative location for your "WEB-INF/classes" dir

// Servlet 3.0 annotation will work
File additionWebInfClasses = new File("target/classes");
WebResourceRoot resources = new StandardRoot(ctx);
resources.addPreResources(new DirResourceSet(resources, "/WEB-INF/classes",
additionWebInfClasses.getAbsolutePath(), "/"));
ctx.setResources(resources);

tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}

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This does just what is enough to launch the server. The sample application contains a more complete version of
code that handles temp directories and other things.

Add a Servlet
Create a file called HelloServlet.java in the src/main/java/servlet directory and put the following into it:

package servlet;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@WebServlet(
name = "MyServlet",
urlPatterns = {"/hello"}
)
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
out.write("hello heroku".getBytes());
out.flush();
out.close();
}

This is simple Servlet that uses annotations to configure itself.

Add a JSP
Create a file called index.jsp in the src/main/webapp directory:

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello Heroku!</h2>
</body>
</html>

Run your application

To generate the start scripts simply run:

$ mvn package

And then simply run the script. On Mac and Linux, the command is:

$ sh target/bin/webapp

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On Windows the command is:

C:/> target/bin/webapp.bat

That’s it. Your application should start up on port 8080. You can see the JSP at http://localhost:8080 and the
servlet and http://localhost:8080/hello

Deploy your application to Heroku

Create a Procfile
You declare how you want your application executed in Procfile in the project root. Create this file with a
single line:

web: sh target/bin/webapp

Learn more about procfile (https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/procfile).

Deploy to Heroku
You can either deploy to Heroku by using the Heroku Maven plugin
(https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/deploying-java-applications-with-the-heroku-maven-plugin) or you can
deploy using Git. The latter is described in this article.

Commit your changes to Git:

$ git init
$ git add .
$ git commit -m "Ready to deploy"

Create the app:

$ heroku create
Creating high-lightning-129... done, stack is heroku-18
http://high-lightning-129.herokuapp.com/ | git@heroku.com:high-lightning-129.git
Git remote heroku added

Deploy your code:

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$ git push heroku master

Counting objects: 227, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (117/117), done.
Writing objects: 100% (227/227), 101.06 KiB, done.
Total 227 (delta 99), reused 220 (delta 98)

-----> Heroku receiving push

-----> Java app detected
...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 36.612s
[INFO] Finished at: Tue Aug 30 04:03:02 UTC 2011
[INFO] Final Memory: 19M/287M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----> Discovering process types
Procfile declares types -> web
-----> Compiled slug size is 62.7MB
-----> Launching... done, v5
http://pure-window-800.herokuapp.com deployed to Heroku

Congratulations! Your web app should now be up and running on Heroku. Open it in your browser with:

$ heroku open

This will show your your JSP and then you can navigate to /hello to see your servlet.