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INTRODUCTION TO C PROGRAMMING (22ES14A)

UNIT IV
Functions
(User Defined Functions)
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FUNCTIONS

A function in C language is a block of code that performs a specific task.

It has a name and it is reusable i.e. it can be executed from as many different parts in
a C Program as required.

It also optionally returns a value to the calling program.

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Properties of C Functions:
Every function has a unique name. This name is used to call function from “main()” function.
A function can be called from within another function.
A function is independent and it can perform its task without intervention from or interfering
with other parts of the program.
A function performs a specific task. A task is a distinct job that your program must perform as
a part of its overall operation, such as adding two or more integer, sorting an array into
numerical order, or calculating a cube root etc.
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Properties of C Functions:

A function returns a value to the calling program.

This is optional and depends upon the task your function is going to accomplish.

Suppose you want to just show few lines through function then it is not necessary to return a
value.

But if you are calculating area of rectangle and wanted to use result somewhere in program then
you have to send back (return) value to the calling function.
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Types of functions in C

1. void function(void)

2. void function(int)

3. int function(void)

4. int function(int)
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Type-1

void function(void)
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Type-1: void function(void)

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Type-1: void function(void)

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void); //function declaration
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce(); //function call
getch();
}
void rvce(void) //function definition
{
printf(”rvce");
}
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Output:
Rvce

We can call a function for more than once in main.

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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void);

void main()
{
clrscr();

rvce();
rvce();
getch();
}
void rvce(void)
{
printf(”rvce");
}
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Type-1: void function(void)

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void); //function declaration
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce(); //function call
getch();
}
void rvce(void) //function definition
{
printf(”rvce");
}
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Output:
rvce rvce

We can build/call more than one functions in our program.

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#include<stdio.h>
void rvce(void);
void college(void);
void main()
{
clrscr();
rvce();
college();
}
void rvce(void)
{
printf(”rvce");
}
void college (void)
{
printf(“college is rvce");
}
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Output
rvce
college is rvce
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Type-2

void function(int)
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

void square(int);

void main()
{
clrscr();

square(5);

getch();
}

void square(int x)
{
printf("Square is %d",x*x);
}
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 Output
Square is 25

19
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

void table(int);

void main()
{
clrscr();

table(5);

getch();
}

void table(int x)
{
for(int a=1;a<=10;a++)
printf("%d*%d=%d\n",a,x,a*x);
}
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Output

1*5=5
2*5=10
3*5=15
4*5=20 We can pass more than one arguments to a function, each
5*5=25
6*5=30 can have different type/same type.
7*5=35
8*5=40
9*5=45
10*5=50
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

void add(int, int);

void main()
{
clrscr();

add(5, 7);

getch();
}

void add(int x, int y)

{
printf(“Addition is %d",x+y);
}
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Output

Addition is 12
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Write a program to generate a loop between two numbers.(Use functions to achieve the task)
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

Void makeloop(int, int);

void main()
{
clrscr();

makeloop (2, 15);

getch();
}

void makeloop (int x, int y)

{
for(int a=x; a<=y; a++)
printf(“%d,”, a);
}
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Output

2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
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Edit same program, get two numbers input from user, then
make a loop between these numbers.

Ex:
Please input two numbers: 5 20

5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

Void makeloop(int, int);

void main()
{
clrscr();
int start, end

printf(“Plzz input two numbers:”);

scanf(“%d%d”, start, end);

makeloop (start, end);

getch();
}

void makeloop (int x, int y)

{
for(int a=x; a<=y; a++)
printf(“%d,”, a);
}
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Type-3

int function(void)
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int sum(void);

void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;

a=sum();
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();
}
int sum(void)
{
int x=2, y=3, z;
z=x+y;

return(z);
}
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int sum(void);

void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;

a=sum();
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();

int sum(void)
{
int x=2, y=3, z;
z=x+y;

return(z);
}
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Return Keyword
In functions, where we return any value, we usually use a keyword
“return”, and the value, which is to be returned is written inside braces,
shown after return.
Example: return(z);
The above statement will pass the value of z to the left side variable of
calling function.
ie: a=sum();
Hence the value in z, which is 5 in our program is passed to a.
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Type-4
Returns a value.

int function(int)

Passes the argument(s).

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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int sum(int, int);

void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;

a=sum(2,3);
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();

int sum(int x, int y)

{

z=x+y;

return(z);
}
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#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int sum(int, int);

void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;

a=sum(2,3);
printf(“Sum is %d”, a);
getch();

int sum(int x, int y)

{

z=x+y;
return(z);
}
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End of the Chapter