The K To 12 English Curriculum Philosophy, Framework and Rationale - 20240318 - 195526 - 0000

The K to 12 English
Curriculum Philosophy,
Framework and
Rationale
K to 12 Curriculum
Republic Act 10533
Enhanching the Philippines
Basic Education System
What made
human
civilization
possible ?
Language
Rules of a language refer to
the principles that govern
word formation, syntax,
pronunciation, and several
other features of the
language.
As language is used by
people to convey everyday
ideas, it also carries with it the
culture of the people using it.
Guessabi (2017) points out
that “ culture is a language
itself”
This view establish language
as the “ foundation of human
relationship” from which we
draw meaning in life
The following principles guide
the K to 12 English Curriculum:
All languages are interrelated and
independent
Language acquisition and learning
Learning requires meaning
Use it effectively
viewing, listening, reading and
writing
Involves recognizing, accepting,
valuing, and building on learners’
existing language competence.
Framework of the K to 12 English Curriculum
Creating Cohesion and
Clarifying Relationships
Cohesion refers to the flow and connectedness of ideas within a text.
It ensures that your writing is coherent and that readers can easily
follow the progression of your thoughts. Here's why creating cohesion
is important:
Cohesion ensures a smooth flow of ideas, guiding readers through

your text, while clarifying relationships enhances understanding and
supports coherence. By paying attention to these elements, you can
create clear, engaging, and coherent written pieces.
Importance of
Creating Cohesion
Enhancing Comprehension:
When your writing is cohesive, it becomes easier for readers to understand
your ideas. They can follow the logical flow of your arguments and make
connections between different parts of the text.
Guiding the Reader:

Cohesion acts as a guide for readers, leading them from one point to
another smoothly. It provides signposts and markers that help readers
navigate through your writing.
Importance of
Clarifying Relationships
Enhancing Understanding:
By clarifying relationships between ideas, you help readers develop a
deeper understanding of the subject matter. Explicitly highlighting
connections and associations allows readers to understand the text.
Facilitating Critical Thinking:

Clarifying relationships invites readers to engage in critical thinking. By
explicitly presenting the connections between ideas, you encourage
readers to analyze, evaluate, and draw conclusions.
Importance of Using
Appropriate Transitions
Transitions are words, phrases, or sentences that connect
ideas, sentences, and paragraphs, helping to establish
relationships and create a smooth flow of information
within a text.
Appropriate and varied transitions enhance the flow of

information and make the text more engaging and
readable. They signal shifts, additions, comparisons, cause
and effect relationships, and other connections between
different parts of the text.
Sample Transitions
Addition:
Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition to, Not only... but also,
Example: Not only does regular exercise improve physical health, but it
also has significant benefits for mental well-being.
Contrast:
However, On the other hand, Nevertheless, In contrast, Conversely,
Example: The research supports the idea that technology can enhance
learning; however, it is important to find a balance to avoid
overreliance on digital resources.
Sample Transitions
Cause and Effect:
As a result, Consequently, Therefore, Thus, Due to
Example: The increase in global temperatures has led to more frequent

weather events. Consequently, communities need to adapt
and implement strategies for climate resilience.
Time:
First, Next, Meanwhile, Afterward, Finally
Example: First, we will discuss the historical context of the novel. Next,
we will analyze the main characters, and finally, we will
examine the themes and symbolism present in the text.
Formal Style and
Objective Tone
Formal Style
Formal style refers to a specific way of writing that adheres to the
conventions and expectations of academic or professional communication.
In formal writing, the language is structured, controlled, and precise.
Objective Tone
An objective tone in writing conveys information and presents ideas
without personal bias or emotional influence. It emphasizes neutrality and
focuses on presenting facts, evidence, and logical arguments.
Features of Formal Style
Proper Grammar Third-Person Point of View
Formal writing follows standard grammar The third-person point of view is commonly
rules and sentence structures. It avoids used. This means referring to individuals or
slang, colloquialisms, and overly casual entities as "he," "she," "it," or by their names
expressions. rather than using "I" or "we."
Complete Sentence Avoidance of Personal Pronouns

Formal writing typically uses complete Formal writing often avoids the use of
sentences with subject-verb agreement and personal pronouns like "I" or "you" and instead
appropriate punctuation. focuses on the subject matter objectively.
Features of Objective Tone
Absence of Personal Opinion Third-Person Point of View
An objective tone avoids personal opinions, An objective tone relies on logical reasoning
emotions, or subjective judgments. It aims to and evidence-based arguments. It
present information objectively, relying on emphasizes the use of facts, data, research
facts and evidence. findings, and expert opinions.
Use of Impersonal Language Balanced Presentation

Objective writing uses impersonal language, Objective writing provides a balanced and
avoiding words and phrases that express fair presentation of different viewpoints or
personal emotions or perspectives. arguments.
Providing a Concluding
Statement or Section
A concluding statement or section serves as the final component of your
informative/explanatory text. It provides closure and reinforces the main points and key
ideas presented throughout the text. A well-crafted conclusion leaves a lasting impression
on the reader and leaves them with a sense of fulfillment and understanding.
Use the concluding statement or section to articulate the broader implications or

significance of the topic. Reflect on the information or explanation presented and discuss
how it connects to larger concepts, real-life applications, or future developments. Consider
the impact or relevance of the topic and encourage readers to think critically about its
implications.
Thank you for
attentive listening!
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The K to 12 English

Cohesion ensures a smooth flow of ideas, guiding readers through

Guiding the Reader:

Facilitating Critical Thinking:

Appropriate and varied transitions enhance the flow of

Example: The increase in global temperatures has led to more frequent

Complete Sentence Avoidance of Personal Pronouns

Use of Impersonal Language Balanced Presentation

Use the concluding statement or section to articulate the broader implications or

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