Presidents
Presidents
Presidents
Emilio Aguinaldo led the First Philippine Republic against Spanish colonization and then
fought against American occupation, marking the start of Philippine independence efforts.
3. Jose P. Laurel served during World War II under Japanese occupation, establishing
policies aimed at promoting Filipino nationalism despite constraints.
4. Sergio Osmeña took over the presidency after Manuel L. Quezon's death
and focused on rebuilding the country after World War II.
8. Carlos P. Garcia promoted the "Filipino First Policy" to prioritize Filipino businesses and
worked on agricultural self-sufficiency programs.
9. Diosdado Macapagal initiated land reforms and shifted Independence Day celebrations
from July 4 to June 12 to honor the Philippine Declaration of Independence.
10. Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law, which led to widespread human rights
abuses, but also initiated infrastructure projects and economic reforms initially.
11. Corazon Aquino led the People Power Revolution, restoring democracy in
the Philippines, and prioritized agrarian reform and human rights during her
presidency.
13. Joseph Estrada prioritized poverty alleviation and social justice but was
impeached and ousted due to corruption allegations.