Patient Safety in Psychiatric Inpatient Care: A Literature Review

When it comes to understanding and improving patient safety in psychiatric inpatient care, delving
into existing literature is crucial. However, crafting a comprehensive literature review on this topic
can be a daunting task. It requires extensive research, critical analysis, and synthesis of various
sources to provide a comprehensive overview.

The complexity of psychiatric care, coupled with the multifaceted nature of patient safety issues,
adds another layer of difficulty to the process. Researchers must navigate through a vast array of
studies, guidelines, and expert opinions to identify key themes, trends, and gaps in knowledge.

Moreover, the evolving nature of healthcare practices and the constant influx of new research
findings mean that literature reviews must be continuously updated to remain relevant and
informative.

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A semi-structured interview for 3 focus groups followed by a content analysis for the responses was
applied. Conclusion: There are other factors rather than Organizational culture affects patient safety
as patients, physical environment, and care provider factors. Between 2013 and 2014 there were
68,683 physical assaults on NHS staff and almost 70% of these happened in the mental health
sector. It was launched in 2016 as part of a four-year plan that began with implementation on all
mental health inpatient wards statewide, including a 12-week trial period. As yet, there is no
available evidence about other applications, so interventions may not be transferable. Descriptive
and inferential analyses were performed. The Strategy Unit (2019) Exploring Mental Health
Inpatient Capacity. TSU. Thibaut B et al (2019) Patient safety in inpatient mental health settings: a
systematic review. The sample consisted of 20 nurses who were involved in a focus group discussion
for 70 minutes. Method: Research data was collected using focus group interviews with nurses
working inmale and female psychiatric wards. Nurses who perceived more supervisor or manager
expectations, feedback and communications about errors, teamwork across hospital u. It was
conducted at 6 psychiatric inpatient hospitals located in cities in Egypt, involving 350 psychiatric
nurses. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. International Journal of Mental
Health Systems; 12: 1. Safewards was implemented in phases to embed staff learning and allow the
monitoring of the impact of individual interventions; to help with this, the team appointed a staff
champion for each intervention. Women and men can be retraumatised by restraint that parallels past
physical or sexual abuse, which can be heightened depending on the gender of the staff member
doing the restraining. Results: thematic analysis identified three main themes that reflect psychiatric
nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing issues, patient issues, and hospital issues. This
research found 5 themes that included events almost causing harm to the patients during shifts,
obstacles related to reporting events, information about events that should be reported, primary
concerns regarding patient safety and habits done to reduce the risk of making mistakes. A cross-
sectional exploratory research design was adopted to carry out this study. They showed these
placements are not usually driven by clinical need, yet they are expensive, inefficient, distressing for
patients and may increase risk, for example of self-harm. The purpose of this study was to explore
the nurses' perceptions of the implementation of patient safety in the inpatient ward of a teaching
hospital. All staff (including catering and administrative staff) have received training, and residents
have been involved through newsletters and a competition to design a logo. A number of sub-themes
were identified under each theme. This article discusses the need for a physical and psychosocial
environment in which staff, patients and visitors feel recognised and valued. As a result of this
increased knowledge, mental health nurses are more aware of physical health conditions and the
need to carry out baseline and routine physical observations and to refer patients for specialist
investigations or treatment when required (Green et al, 2018). This conclusion was derived from four
main themes: understanding the context of the psychiatric ward; continuous monitoring; cognitive
assessments; and involving others. When the culture of blame and other factors exist, patient safety
management efforts and the adaptability of the system can be affected. The inclusion criteria were:
have a previous work experience in Middle Eastern countries; working in the current hospital setting
for not less than a year; have participation in patient safety management practices and can speak
English.The main results were that nurses’ perspectives for factors shap. The unit introduced
Safewards in 2014 and over the following six months saw a 23% decrease in the use of physical
interventions, including a 42% reduction in prone restraint (DH, 2015). The study concludedthat the
studied nurses have sufficient knowledge, and competent skills yet a negative attitude was detected
towards the safety of psychiatric patients. An evaluation by the Centre for Psychiatric Nursing at the
University of Melbourne showed consistent use of the model in the first year, improvement in patient
and staff safety, and a 36% reduction in seclusion use (Fletcher et al, 2017).
The aimwasto assess the nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and skills towards psychiatric patient safety.
Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 23: 1. Gilburt H (2019) Securing Money to Improve Mental
Health Care. Final considerations: This study should provoke the reflection of managers and future
nurses regarding the working conditions in a psychiatric hospital and possible psychosocial risks to
whic. All staff (including catering and administrative staff) have received training, and residents
have been involved through newsletters and a competition to design a logo. Patient safety culture
was assessed by using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture among 414 registered nurses
working in four major governmental hospitals in Oman. The study concludedthat the studied nurses
have sufficient knowledge, and competent skills yet a negative attitude was detected towards the
safety of psychiatric patients. To suit the patient group, nursing staff decided to adapt the Safewards
model to take into account the impact of patients’ cognitive impairment and the higher level of
involvement of relatives and carers. It was conducted at 6 psychiatric inpatient hospitals located in
cities in Egypt, involving 350 psychiatric nurses. A semi-structured interview for 3 focus groups
followed by a content analysis for the responses was applied. You can download the paper by
clicking the button above. Results: The results showed psychosocial risks related to the work of
psychiatric nurses, such as: insufficient academic training; lack of preparation and maintenance of
equipment; poor relationship with colleagues; shortage of human resources and lack of capacity
building; conflict between the demands of the home and work, as well as strategies for managing
psychosocial risks such as family, cinema, music, reading, among others. Conclusion: The result of
safety culture was below the recommended, indicating the need for strengthening this construct in
m. Download Free PDF View PDF Nursing Inquiry Safety in psychiatric inpatient care: The impact
of risk management culture on mental health nursing practice Vicky Bungay Download Free PDF
View PDF Factors Shaping Patient Safety Management in the Middle East Hospitals from Nursing
Perspective: A Focus Group Study Hanan Alkorashy Middle East hospitals make all the efforts to
manage patient safety in an effective and efficient manner. The inclusion criteria were: have a
previous work experience in Middle Eastern countries; working in the current hospital setting for not
less than a year; have participation in patient safety management practices and can speak English.The
main results were that nurses’ perspectives for factors shap. Descriptive and inferential analyses were
performed. The Strategy Unit (2019) Exploring Mental Health Inpatient Capacity. TSU. Thibaut B et
al (2019) Patient safety in inpatient mental health settings: a systematic review. The study highlights
the significance of education for all mental health staff and provision of appropriate information to
all patients and their companions about psychiatric disorders and the side effects of prescribed
medications. It has also meant that the number of patients detained under the Mental Health Act
1983 has increased, rising by 40% between 2005-06 and 2015-16 (Care Quality Commission,
2018a). They showed these placements are not usually driven by clinical need, yet they are
expensive, inefficient, distressing for patients and may increase risk, for example of self-harm. The
team also reported many incidents in which using Safewards interventions resulted in qualitative
benefits, including the following examples. A varietyoffactorshave been reported to directly affect
patient safety; institutions, healthcare professionals, and patients are significant factors.Aim: The aim
of this study is to explore psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety at one hospital in Saudi
Arabia. As an example, wards on which there were many aggressive incidents also saw high levels of
self-harm and absconding. This research found 5 themes that included events almost causing harm to
the patients during shifts, obstacles related to reporting events, information about events that should
be reported, primary concerns regarding patient safety and habits done to reduce the risk of making
mistakes. It was conducted at 6 psychiatric inpatient hospitals located in cities in Egypt, involving
350 psychiatric nurses. This article looks at these, including the increased role of a risk-management
culture, which promotes restrictive practices that provide short-term solutions to violence and
aggression but may lead to an overall reduction in physical and emotional safety. Sample: All nurses
worked at the studied hospitals. The study concludedthat the studied nurses have sufficient
knowledge, and competent skills yet a negative attitude was detected towards the safety of
psychiatric patients. A cross-sectional exploratory research design was adopted to carry out this study.
Method: Research data was collected using focus group interviews with nurses working inmale and
female psychiatric wards.
This article discusses the need for a physical and psychosocial environment in which staff, patients
and visitors feel recognised and valued. Results: thematic analysis identified three main themes that
reflect psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing issues, patient issues, and
hospital issues. The Care Quality Commission (2018b) noted a 12% fall in the number of mental
health nurses between 2010 and 2017, and The King’s Fund highlighted an increased reliance on
bank and agency staff, meaning the level of experience of trained nurses on acute wards has fallen
due to the high staff turnover rate (Gilburt, 2019). As early as 2002, there was considerable concern
among ward nurses about the supply and use of both illegal drugs and unauthorised prescription
medication, as well as the potential this caused for disturbed and violent behaviour (Bowers et al,
2002). Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry,
preview is currently unavailable. But No Staff to Spend It On. kingsfund.org, 22 October. Green S et
al (2018) Implementing guidelines on physical health in the acute mental health setting: a quality
improvement approach. An ongoing theme relates to the use of restraint and seclusion, with an
emphasis on the retraumatising effects of these practices (Slade et al, 2014). Descriptive and
inferential analyses were performed. Download Free PDF View PDF Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes,
andSkills towardsPsychiatric Patients' Safety IOSR Journals Psychiatric nurses are responsible for
working with large numbers of patients who suffer from serious mental health conditions in ways
that promote recovery and ensure safety from harm by access useful information about the health
and safety of each person. A varietyoffactorshave been reported to directly affect patient safety;
institutions, healthcare professionals, and patients are significant factors.Aim: The aim of this study
is to explore psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety at one hospital in Saudi Arabia.
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing; 25: 4, 355-366. Results: The results showed
psychosocial risks related to the work of psychiatric nurses, such as: insufficient academic training;
lack of preparation and maintenance of equipment; poor relationship with colleagues; shortage of
human resources and lack of capacity building; conflict between the demands of the home and work,
as well as strategies for managing psychosocial risks such as family, cinema, music, reading, among
others. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; 21: 6, 499-508. International Journal of
Mental Health Systems; 12: 1. Women and men can be retraumatised by restraint that parallels past
physical or sexual abuse, which can be heightened depending on the gender of the staff member
doing the restraining. It was conducted at 6 psychiatric inpatient hospitals located in cities in Egypt,
involving 350 psychiatric nurses. Instead of holding weekly mutual-help meetings, a more individual
approach was used, and carers were consulted to promote their support and active participation. The
statutory professionals and those with longer professional experience obtained better scores in the
perception of safety culture. It has led, they argued, to the current situation, in which recognition of
the potential harm caused by the healthcare setting is often overshadowed by concern about the harm
a patient may cause in that setting. Sample: All nurses worked at the studied hospitals. In this
qualitative exploratory descriptive design study, 16 nurses working in inpatient psychiatric units were
recruited through purposive sampling. As yet, there is no available evidence about other applications,
so interventions may not be transferable. The aimwasto assess the nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and
skills towards psychiatric patient safety. Conclusion: There are other factors rather than
Organizational culture affects patient safety as patients, physical environment, and care provider
factors. Based on the results, a number of recommendations were madetoenhance the culture of
patient safety. Galante JR et al (2019) Out-of-area placements in acute mental health care: the
outcomes. Case studies demonstrate the model’s benefits which is also being adapted for other
settings. Descriptive statistics and general linear regression were employed to assess the association
between patient safety culture and demographic variables. Links may be included in your comments
but HTML is not permitted. The data was analyzed using content analysis as guided by Collaizi.
There were positive relationships between nurses' attitudes, knowledge, and skills regarding patients'
safety.The findings support that nursing staff needs more meetings and conferences to provide them
with up-to-date information, to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and skills on how to deal with
psychiatric patient safety. When the culture of blame and other factors exist, patient safety
management efforts and the adaptability of the system can be affected. This manuscript embraced a
qualitative exploration of Factors Shaping Patient Safety Management in the Middle East Hospitals
from Nursing Perspective. Final considerations: This study should provoke the reflection of managers
and future nurses regarding the working conditions in a psychiatric hospital and possible
psychosocial risks to whic. Nurses play a vital role in maintaining and promoting patient safety due
to the nature of their work. Conclusion: There are other factors rather than Organizational culture
affects patient safety as patients, physical environment, and care provider factors. Sample: All nurses
worked at the studied hospitals. The domain that reached the highest score was Job satisfaction (80
points) and the lowest was Working conditions (57 points). Socio-demographic characteristics sheet,
psychiatric patient safety skills scale, and patient safety attitudes, skills and knowledge scale.This
study results revealed that while79.7% of the studied nurses had sufficient knowledge.53.4% of the
s studied nurses stated that they had competent skillstowards the psychiatric patients' safety. Journal
of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; 9: 4, 427-433. It was conducted at 6 psychiatric inpatient
hospitals located in cities in Egypt, involving 350 psychiatric nurses. International Journal of Mental
Health Nursing; 26: 5, 461-471. Slemon A et al (2017) Safety in psychiatric inpatient care: the impact
of risk management culture on mental health nursing practice. International Journal of Mental Health
Systems; 12: 1. The results showed that wards using Safewards reduced conflict by 15% and
containment by 24%, compared with controls. Results: thematic analysis identified three main
themes that reflect psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing issues, patient
issues, and hospital issues. Tools: two tools were used, WHO Medical School Curricular Guide for
Patient Safety and Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument. Results: One-hundred and three
professionals participated in the study, with female predominance (64.1%) and time of performance
equal to or greater than 21 years (32.4%). The nursing professionals of technical level and with
statutory work regime were the most participative, 54.4% and 52% respectively. As a result of this
increased knowledge, mental health nurses are more aware of physical health conditions and the
need to carry out baseline and routine physical observations and to refer patients for specialist
investigations or treatment when required (Green et al, 2018). Results: thematic analysis identified
three main themes that reflect psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing
issues, patient issues, and hospital issues. The lack of bed availability has also caused increased
patient turnover, although this has been offset by delayed transfers of care due mainly to
accommodation issues (Gilburt, 2019). Method: Research data was collected using focus group
interviews with nurses working inmale and female psychiatric wards. Galante JR et al (2019) Out-of-
area placements in acute mental health care: the outcomes. The aimwasto assess the nurses'
knowledge, attitudes, and skills towards psychiatric patient safety. Methods: Qualitative, in which
25 nurses from a psychiatric hospital participated using semi-structured interviews from November
2014 to January 2015. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely,
please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Other campaigning groups have also formed,
such as the Restraint Reduction Network (restraintreductionnetwork.org), which provides training
and develops standards. Nurses who perceived more supervisor or manager expectations, feedback
and communications about errors, teamwork across hospital u. The successful introduction of a
modified form of Safewards on older adult wards suggests the original model’s principles are also
relevant outside of acute mental health wards; recent applications in medical wards, emergency
departments, children’s services and offender units are awaiting evaluation. The implementation of
patient safety still needs to be improved due to the lack of perception among the nurses.
Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is
currently unavailable. That guidance was followed up with Mind’s (2015) Restraint in Mental Health
Services: What the Guidance Says, which identified 9,600 uses of restraint in mental health trusts
and independent provider services over one month (August 2015), along with 1,671 incidents of
seclusion. The team also reported many incidents in which using Safewards interventions resulted in
qualitative benefits, including the following examples. As a result of this increased knowledge,
mental health nurses are more aware of physical health conditions and the need to carry out baseline
and routine physical observations and to refer patients for specialist investigations or treatment when
required (Green et al, 2018). Conclusion: There are other factors rather than Organizational culture
affects patient safety as patients, physical environment, and care provider factors. In late 2019, The
Independent published an article online highlighting the increase in illicit drug use in all NHS
inpatient settings, singling out mental health wards as particular hotspots (Lintern, 2019). Other
campaigning groups have also formed, such as the Restraint Reduction Network
(restraintreductionnetwork.org), which provides training and develops standards. It has led, they
argued, to the current situation, in which recognition of the potential harm caused by the healthcare
setting is often overshadowed by concern about the harm a patient may cause in that setting. As yet,
there is no available evidence about other applications, so interventions may not be transferable.
Bowers L et al (2002) Safety and security policies on psychiatric acute admission wards: results from
a London-wide survey. The unit introduced Safewards in 2014 and over the following six months
saw a 23% decrease in the use of physical interventions, including a 42% reduction in prone restraint
(DH, 2015). Based on the results, a number of recommendations were madetoenhance the culture of
patient safety. As early as 2002, there was considerable concern among ward nurses about the supply
and use of both illegal drugs and unauthorised prescription medication, as well as the potential this
caused for disturbed and violent behaviour (Bowers et al, 2002). This research found 5 themes that
included events almost causing harm to the patients during shifts, obstacles related to reporting
events, information about events that should be reported, primary concerns regarding patient safety
and habits done to reduce the risk of making mistakes. A cross-sectional exploratory research design
was adopted to carry out this study. Patient safety culture was assessed by using the Hospital Survey
on Patient Safety Culture among 414 registered nurses working in four major governmental hospitals
in Oman. International Journal of Mental Health Systems; 12: 1. This trend has resulted in a risk
management culture in mental healthcare, in which restrictive practices are often seen as the first
response; in fact, this creates additional risks, including feelings of distress and dehumanisation for
patients and of cognitive dissonance for nurses. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; 9:
4, 427-433. The purpose of this study was to explore the nurses' perceptions of the implementation
of patient safety in the inpatient ward of a teaching hospital. Nurses who perceived more supervisor
or manager expectations, feedback and communications about errors, teamwork across hospital u.
Final considerations: This study should provoke the reflection of managers and future nurses
regarding the working conditions in a psychiatric hospital and possible psychosocial risks to whic.
The successful introduction of a modified form of Safewards on older adult wards suggests the
original model’s principles are also relevant outside of acute mental health wards; recent applications
in medical wards, emergency departments, children’s services and offender units are awaiting
evaluation. The adaptation is needed because, although its service users display similar conflict
behaviours to those identified in the Safewards model, the nature of containment strategies used is
different. Results: thematic analysis identified three main themes that reflect psychiatric nurses’
perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing issues, patient issues, and hospital issues. In addition,
however, there are unsafe behaviours associated with serious mental health problems, including
violence and self-harm; the measures taken to address these, such as restraint or seclusion, may result
in further risks to patient safety (Thibaut et al, 2019). An ongoing theme relates to the use of
restraint and seclusion, with an emphasis on the retraumatising effects of these practices (Slade et al,
2014). Sample: All nurses worked at the studied hospitals. This article looks at these, including the
increased role of a risk-management culture, which promotes restrictive practices that provide short-
term solutions to violence and aggression but may lead to an overall reduction in physical and
emotional safety. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with health professionals in a mental
hospital, by applying the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ).
The implementation of patient safety still needs to be improved due to the lack of perception among
the nurses. Download Free PDF View PDF Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, andSkills
towardsPsychiatric Patients' Safety IOSR Journals Psychiatric nurses are responsible for working
with large numbers of patients who suffer from serious mental health conditions in ways that
promote recovery and ensure safety from harm by access useful information about the health and
safety of each person. The unit introduced Safewards in 2014 and over the following six months saw
a 23% decrease in the use of physical interventions, including a 42% reduction in prone restraint
(DH, 2015). Results: One-hundred and three professionals participated in the study, with female
predominance (64.1%) and time of performance equal to or greater than 21 years (32.4%). The
nursing professionals of technical level and with statutory work regime were the most participative,
54.4% and 52% respectively. Nurses who perceived more supervisor or manager expectations,
feedback and communications about errors, teamwork across hospital u. As an example, wards on
which there were many aggressive incidents also saw high levels of self-harm and absconding.
Whatever the outcome, it appears the 10 interventions have struck a chord far outside their
immediate context and are, therefore likely to be of interest, and use, to nurses in a range of
healthcare settings. Patient safety culture was assessed by using the Hospital Survey on Patient
Safety Culture among 414 registered nurses working in four major governmental hospitals in Oman.
Case studies demonstrate the model’s benefits which is also being adapted for other settings. Based
on the results, a number of recommendations were madetoenhance the culture of patient safety.
Sample: All nurses worked at the studied hospitals. Results: thematic analysis identified three main
themes that reflect psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing issues, patient
issues, and hospital issues. The Care Quality Commission (2018b) noted a 12% fall in the number of
mental health nurses between 2010 and 2017, and The King’s Fund highlighted an increased reliance
on bank and agency staff, meaning the level of experience of trained nurses on acute wards has
fallen due to the high staff turnover rate (Gilburt, 2019). It has led, they argued, to the current
situation, in which recognition of the potential harm caused by the healthcare setting is often
overshadowed by concern about the harm a patient may cause in that setting. In late 2019, The
Independent published an article online highlighting the increase in illicit drug use in all NHS
inpatient settings, singling out mental health wards as particular hotspots (Lintern, 2019). But No
Staff to Spend It On. kingsfund.org, 22 October. Green S et al (2018) Implementing guidelines on
physical health in the acute mental health setting: a quality improvement approach. To browse
Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade
your browser. Renwick et al (2016) examined incidents in which nursing staff had been injured in
English mental health trusts, as reported under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations 2013, and found that 27% had happened while staff were restraining
patients. This trend has resulted in a risk management culture in mental healthcare, in which
restrictive practices are often seen as the first response; in fact, this creates additional risks, including
feelings of distress and dehumanisation for patients and of cognitive dissonance for nurses. An
evaluation by the Centre for Psychiatric Nursing at the University of Melbourne showed consistent
use of the model in the first year, improvement in patient and staff safety, and a 36% reduction in
seclusion use (Fletcher et al, 2017). The successful introduction of a modified form of Safewards on
older adult wards suggests the original model’s principles are also relevant outside of acute mental
health wards; recent applications in medical wards, emergency departments, children’s services and
offender units are awaiting evaluation. In addition, however, there are unsafe behaviours associated
with serious mental health problems, including violence and self-harm; the measures taken to address
these, such as restraint or seclusion, may result in further risks to patient safety (Thibaut et al, 2019).
This manuscript embraced a qualitative exploration of Factors Shaping Patient Safety Management in
the Middle East Hospitals from Nursing Perspective. The reduction in bed availability has resulted in
stricter criteria for hospital admission, meaning most inpatients are acutely unwell. Conclusion: There
are other factors rather than Organizational culture affects patient safety as patients, physical
environment, and care provider factors. Links may be included in your comments but HTML is not
permitted. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing; 25: 4, 355-366. Progress in Neurology
and Psychiatry. 23: 1. Gilburt H (2019) Securing Money to Improve Mental Health Care. You can
download the paper by clicking the button above.
To suit the patient group, nursing staff decided to adapt the Safewards model to take into account the
impact of patients’ cognitive impairment and the higher level of involvement of relatives and carers.
It was developed on the basis of research that showed a huge variation (up to tenfold) in incidents of
violence, restraint and seclusion between different acute mental health wards with similar patient
populations. The results showed that wards using Safewards reduced conflict by 15% and
containment by 24%, compared with controls. Patients’ involvement was also encouraged; for
example, the older adults wards’ art group designed and produced a tree displaying discharge
messages from former patients. The aimwasto assess the nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and skills
towards psychiatric patient safety. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more
securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Nurses who perceived more supervisor
or manager expectations, feedback and communications about errors, teamwork across hospital u.
The adaptation is needed because, although its service users display similar conflict behaviours to
those identified in the Safewards model, the nature of containment strategies used is different. The
domain that reached the highest score was Job satisfaction (80 points) and the lowest was Working
conditions (57 points). In addition, however, there are unsafe behaviours associated with serious
mental health problems, including violence and self-harm; the measures taken to address these, such
as restraint or seclusion, may result in further risks to patient safety (Thibaut et al, 2019). They
showed these placements are not usually driven by clinical need, yet they are expensive, inefficient,
distressing for patients and may increase risk, for example of self-harm. Patient safety culture was
assessed by using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture among 414 registered nurses
working in four major governmental hospitals in Oman. An evaluation by the Centre for Psychiatric
Nursing at the University of Melbourne showed consistent use of the model in the first year,
improvement in patient and staff safety, and a 36% reduction in seclusion use (Fletcher et al, 2017).
Method: Research data was collected using focus group interviews with nurses working inmale and
female psychiatric wards. It has also meant that the number of patients detained under the Mental
Health Act 1983 has increased, rising by 40% between 2005-06 and 2015-16 (Care Quality
Commission, 2018a). There were positive relationships between nurses' attitudes, knowledge, and
skills regarding patients' safety.The findings support that nursing staff needs more meetings and
conferences to provide them with up-to-date information, to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and
skills on how to deal with psychiatric patient safety. In this qualitative exploratory descriptive design
study, 16 nurses working in inpatient psychiatric units were recruited through purposive sampling.
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing; 9: 4, 427-433. A number of sub-themes were
identified under each theme. Results: thematic analysis identified three main themes that reflect
psychiatric nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture: staffing issues, patient issues, and hospital
issues. That guidance was followed up with Mind’s (2015) Restraint in Mental Health Services:
What the Guidance Says, which identified 9,600 uses of restraint in mental health trusts and
independent provider services over one month (August 2015), along with 1,671 incidents of
seclusion. As a result of this increased knowledge, mental health nurses are more aware of physical
health conditions and the need to carry out baseline and routine physical observations and to refer
patients for specialist investigations or treatment when required (Green et al, 2018). Based on the
results, a number of recommendations were madetoenhance the culture of patient safety. Other
campaigning groups have also formed, such as the Restraint Reduction Network
(restraintreductionnetwork.org), which provides training and develops standards. The lack of bed
availability has also caused increased patient turnover, although this has been offset by delayed
transfers of care due mainly to accommodation issues (Gilburt, 2019). Socio-demographic
characteristics sheet, psychiatric patient safety skills scale, and patient safety attitudes, skills and
knowledge scale.This study results revealed that while79.7% of the studied nurses had sufficient
knowledge.53.4% of the s studied nurses stated that they had competent skillstowards the
psychiatric patients' safety. Download Free PDF View PDF Nursing Inquiry Safety in psychiatric
inpatient care: The impact of risk management culture on mental health nursing practice Vicky
Bungay Download Free PDF View PDF Factors Shaping Patient Safety Management in the Middle
East Hospitals from Nursing Perspective: A Focus Group Study Hanan Alkorashy Middle East
hospitals make all the efforts to manage patient safety in an effective and efficient manner. The unit
introduced Safewards in 2014 and over the following six months saw a 23% decrease in the use of
physical interventions, including a 42% reduction in prone restraint (DH, 2015). The successful
introduction of a modified form of Safewards on older adult wards suggests the original model’s
principles are also relevant outside of acute mental health wards; recent applications in medical
wards, emergency departments, children’s services and offender units are awaiting evaluation. This
trend has resulted in a risk management culture in mental healthcare, in which restrictive practices
are often seen as the first response; in fact, this creates additional risks, including feelings of distress
and dehumanisation for patients and of cognitive dissonance for nurses.