Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
Pangasinan National High School
Lingayen, Pangasinan

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person

The Meaning and Method of Philosophy

Quarter 1 - Week 3– Module 2

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Distinguish Opinion from Truth

PPT11/12-Ic-2.1

Realize that the methods of Philosophy lead to wisdom

and truth
PPT11/12-d-2.2

Prepared by:

Maria Eliza R. Pioquinto, MT-I

Antonio Teodoro J. Sajonas II, T-II
Ark Daniel Quibuyen, T-II
Lesson 1: Distinguish Opinion from Truth and how Philosophy leads to
Wisdom

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Distinguish Opinion from Truth
2. Realize that the methods of Philosophy lead to wisdom and truth

What I Know
INSTRUCTION: Write your answer in the space provided below.

What is your understanding of Truth as opposed to Opinion?

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What’s In
In the last module, the meaning and process of doing philosophy, emphasizing the importance of
holism, as well as leaning to construct philosophical essays were introduced. This module shall demonstrate
the various ways of doing philosophy. In search for wisdom, the learner, must evaluate arguments and ways
of expressing one’s belief, emotions and opinions.

What’s New

Title of the Activity: Truth or not…

Directions: Write True if the statement is a fact and Not if the statement is an opinion.

______ 1. The Philippines is an archipelagic state.

______ 2. Rainy season is more fun than dry season.
______ 3. The cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world.
______ 4. GMA is a better network than ABS-CBN ABC 5.
______ 5. It is better to stay single than get married.
______ 6. Engineering course is more difficult than accounting course.
______ 7. There are 3 branches of the government in the Philippines.
______ 8. President Duterte has the option to run again for presidency in the future.
______ 9. Going to sleep while your hair is wet can cause blindness.
______10. The Earth is the only planet in the solar system that can sustain life.
Guide Questions:

1. Based on the activity, can you immediately discern what a fact from opinion is?
2. Do you think there are still things to do so you prove which is a fact and which is not?

What is It (Discussion)

We are living in an era where information can be easily accessed. Just a simple click and all the
necessary information you are looking for instantly are presented before your eyes. The
challenge for every one of us is to determine whether these information are true (fact) or just
opinion.

What is a Truth?

A truth generally refers to something that is true and can be verified as such. That is, a fact is
something that can be proven to be true.

What is an Opinion?

An opinion refers to a personal belief. It relates to how someone feels about something.
Others may agree or disagree with an opinion, but they cannot prove or disprove it. This is
what defines it as opinion.

Why Are Fact and Opinion So Important?

The ability to distinguish between truth and opinion helps students develop their critical and
analytical skills in both their reading and their listening. Truth and opinion are often woven
together in texts and speeches. It is therefore imperative that students are able to unravel the
threads of what is true from what is mere belief if they are to successfully navigate the deluge
of media they will encounter in their lifetimes.

Whether on the news, in advertising, or a history book, distinguishing between what is truth
and what is opinion is crucial to becoming an autonomous person with the critical abilities
necessary to avoid being manipulated easily.

The facts that form the bases of a conclusion may not be disputed but the conclusion itself could
still be contested or questioned. To judge the truthfulness of belief, we must also consider things
such a person’s experiences and views.

Facts are statements that are observed to be real or truthful. Claims are statements that require
further examination to determine their truthfulness. Some arguments may contain fallacies. We
must be aware of the various kinds of fallacies as these affect the validity of arguments.

Opinions are often influenced by bias. We must be aware of bias so that we can objectively and
critically examine points of view. Opinion is something intermediary between knowledge and
ignorance. While Public opinion is the intermediate faculty which seizes the things that float
between the two extremes (Plato).

Opinion applies to what, being true or false, may be other than it is: in fact, opinion is the
apprehension of an immediate and unnecessary premise (Aristotle)

Opinion, founded in the probable, perhaps also the name of knowledge (Leibniz)

Opinion is a belief that is conscious of being insufficient both subjectively and objectively (Kant)
An opinion gives for truth something that has been said, although sometimes they are absurd
words, which mean nothing, impossible to understand (Hobbes)

Public opinion is the convergence of the opinions of the greatest number of people in a
community, so that they form a common and dominant feeling, exerting diffuse pressure
(Freund).

What’s More (Enrichment Activity)

Title of the Activity: Fact or Bluff

Directions: Write five things that you know are true (it could be about animals, being a student, technology
etc.). Beside each answer that you gave, give an opinion about it.

TRUTH OPINION
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What I Have Learned (Generalization)

Title of the Activity: This is what I can say…

Directions: Read the quote below and be able to give your take side about it.
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What I Can Do (Application)

Title of the Activity: Analyze Me…

Directions: Look at the picture and give 3 instances of truth and opinion about it.

TRUTH OPINION
1.

2.

3.

Assessment

Title of the Activity: Differentiate Us..

Directions: Give 5 differences of Truth from Opinion.

TRUTH VS OPINION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Rubrics:
I. Essay

CATEGORY 5 3 1
Content The content is The content is The topic is irrelevant,
relevant, complete relevant, and unsubstantial and
and substantial substantial yet incomplete
incomplete
Readability of Text All texts are Some texts are Most of the texts are
readable and legibly readable and not not readable and not
written legibly written legibly written

Spelling and Grammar No errors in 2-3 errors in grammar More than 5 errors in
grammar and and spelling grammar and spelling
spelling

References:
A. Books

Christine Carmela R. Ramos, PhD, (2016) Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human
Person

B. Online and Other Sources

1. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Alternative Delivery Mode, Quarter 1-
Module 2: Methods of Philosophizing, First edition 2020
2. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person, Grade 12, Alternative Delivery Mode,
Quarter 1- Module 2: Methods of Philosophizing, First edition 2020
3. https://www.diversityinsport.com/understanding-our-differences/2018/7/3/how-well-can-people-
discern-fact-from-opinion
4. https://www.literacyideas.com/teaching-fact-and-opinion
5. https://teachingcommons.lakeheadu.ca/fact-vs-opinion-resource
6. https://www.google.com/search?q=abs+cbn+shutdown+logo&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjB87Hsi
OnrAhVjzIsBHfTDCtUQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=abs+cbn+shut&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADI
CCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADoECCMQJzoFCAAQsQM6BAgAEEM6BwgAEL
EDEENQ6coKWOLfCmCy8gpoAHAAeACAAYcBiAGXCZIBAzguNJgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy
13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=pppfX8GINOOYr7wP9IerqA0&bih=748&biw=1707&saf
e=active
7. https://www.facebook.com/TheBenShapiroShow/photos/there-is-no-such-thing-as-your-
truth/1904729496290506/