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Python Casting

Python allows type conversion or type casting between different data types. There are two types of casting - implicit and explicit. Implicit casting is done automatically by Python and avoids data loss, while explicit casting requires built-in functions and may result in data loss. The main built-in functions for explicit casting are int(), float(), complex(), bool(), and str() to convert between integer, float, complex, boolean, and string data types respectively.

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19 views

Python Casting

Python allows type conversion or type casting between different data types. There are two types of casting - implicit and explicit. Implicit casting is done automatically by Python and avoids data loss, while explicit casting requires built-in functions and may result in data loss. The main built-in functions for explicit casting are int(), float(), complex(), bool(), and str() to convert between integer, float, complex, boolean, and string data types respectively.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Casting: Type Conversion

and Type Casting


In Python, we can convert one type of variable to another type. This
conversion is called type casting or type conversion.

In casting, we convert variables declared in specific data types to the different


data types.

Python performs the following two types of casting.

• Implicit casting: The Python interpreter automatically performs an


implicit Type conversion, which avoids loss of data.
• Explicit casting: The explicit type conversion is performed by the
user using built-in functions.
o performs a type casting, we are going to use the following built-in functions

1. int(): convert any type variable to the integer type.


2. float(): convert any type variable to the float type.
3. complex(): convert any type variable to the complex type.
4. bool(): convert any type variable to the bool type.
5. str(): convert any type variable to the string type.

In type casting, data loss may occur because we enforce the object to a
specific data type.

Int type conversion


In int type conversion, we use the int() function to convert variables of other
types to int type. Variable can be of any type such as float, string, bool.

While performing int type conversion, we need to remember the following


points.

1. When converting string type to int type, a string must contain


integral value only and should be base-10.
2. We can convert any type to int type, but we cannot
perform complex to int type.

Casting float value to an integer

pi = 3.14 # float number


print(type(pi))
# Output class 'float'

# converting float integer


num = int(pi)
print("Integer number:", num)
# Output 3
print(type(num))
# Output class 'int'

Casting Boolean value to an integer


AD

flag_true = True
flag_false = False
print(type(flag_true))
# Output class 'bool'

# converting boolean to integer


num1 = int(flag_true)
num2 = int(flag_false)

print("Integer number 1:", num1)


# Output 1
print(type(num1))
# Output class 'int'

print("Integer number 2:", num2)


# 0
print(type(num2))
# class 'int'

Casting a string to an integer

string_num = "225"
print(type(string_num))
# Output class 'str'

# converting str to integer


num1 = int(string_num)

print("Integer number 1:", num1)


# Output 225
print(type(num1))
# Output class 'int'

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When converting string type to int type, a string must contain integral value
only and should be base-10. If you try to convert

Example

string_num = 'Score is 25'


print(type(string_num))
# Output class 'str'

# ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'Score is 25'
num = int(string_num)
print(num)

Float type conversion


In float type conversion we use a built-in function float() . This function
converts variables of other types to float types.

Casting integer to float

num = 725
print(type(num))
# Output class 'int'

# converting float to integer


num1 = float(num)

print("Float number:", num1)


# Output 725.0
print(type(num1))
# Output class 'float'

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Casting Boolean to float

flag_true = True
flag_false = False
print(type(flag_true))
# Output class 'bool'

# converting boolean to float


num1 = float(flag_true)
num2 = float(flag_false)

print("Float number 1:", num1)


# Output 1.0
print(type(num1))
# class 'float'

print("Float number 2:", num2)


# Output 0.0
print(type(num2))
# class 'float'

Casting string to float

string_num = "725.535"
print(type(string_num))
# Output class 'str'

# converting str to float


num1 = float(string_num)

print("Float number:", num1)


# Output 725.535
print(type(num1))
# class 'float'

AD

While performing float type conversion, we need to remember some points.

1. We can convert any type to float type, but we cannot


cast complex to float type.
2. While converting string type to float type, a string must contain
an integer/decimal value of base-10.
Complex type conversion
In complex type conversion, we use the built-in function complex() to convert
values from other types to the complex type. Value can be any type including
of int, float, bool, str.

The complex function has the following two forms for conversion.

• complex(x): To convert a value x into a complex type. In this form, the


real value is x, and the imaginary value is 0.
• complex(x, y):To convert the value x and y into a complex type. In
this form, the real value is x, and the imaginary is y.

Casting integer type to complex type

r_num = 135
print(type(r_num)) # class 'int'

# converting int to complex(x)


c_num = complex(r_num)

print("Complex number:", c_num)


# Output (135+0j)
print(type(c_num))
# class 'complex'

# converting int to complex(x, y)


r_num, i_num2 = 135, 235
c_num = complex(r_num, i_num2)

print("Complex number:", c_num)


# Output (135+235j)
print(type(c_num)) # class 'complex'

AD

Casting float type to complex type

r_num = 53.250
print(type(r_num)) # class 'float'

# converting float to complex(x)


c_num = complex(r_num)

print("Complex number:", c_num)


# Output (53.25+0j)
print(type(c_num))
# class 'complex'

# converting float to complex(x, y)


r_num, i_num2 = 53.250, 350.750
c_num = complex(r_num, i_num2)

print("Complex number:", c_num)


# Output (53.25+350.75j)
print(type(c_num))
# class 'complex'

AD

Casting Boolean type to complex type

boolean_true = True
print(type(boolean_true)) # class 'bool'

# converting boolean to complex(x)


c_num = complex(boolean_true)

print("Complex number:", c_num)


# Output (1+0j)
print(type(c_num))
# class 'complex'

# converting boolean to complex(x, y)


r_bool, i_bool = False, True
c_num = complex(r_bool, i_bool)

print("Complex number:", c_num)


# Output 1j
print(type(c_num))
# class 'complex'

AD

Bool type conversion


We use the built-in function bool() to convert values of other types
to bool types. This function returns two values, either True or False.
• We can convert any type of values to bool type, and the output for
all values will be True, Except 0, which is False.
• If you convert an empty string to a boolean it will be converted to
boolean False.
The bool True is 1 and False is 0. Every non-zero value is treated as True.

Casting integer to Boolean type

num1 = 10
num2 = 0
print(type(num1)) # class 'int'

# Convert into to bool


b1 = bool(num1)
b2 = bool(num2)

print(b1)
# Output True
print(b2)
# Output False

print(type(b1))
# class 'bool'

AD

Casting float to Boolean type

f_num1 = 25.35
f_num2 = 0.0
print(type(f_num1)) # class 'float'

# Convert float into to bool


b1 = bool(f_num1)
b2 = bool(f_num2)

print(b1)
# Output True

print(b2)
# Output False

print(type(b1))
# Output class 'bool'

AD
Casting string to Boolean type

s1 = "False"
s2 = "True"
s3 = "812"
s4 = ""
print(type(s1)) # class 'str'

# Convert string into to bool


b1 = bool(s1)
b2 = bool(s2)
b3 = bool(s3)
b4 = bool(s4)

print(b1) # True
print(b2) # True
print(b3) # True
print(b4) # False
print(type(b1)) # class 'bool'

AD

Casting complex type to Boolean type

c1 = 33 + 9j
c2 = 0 + 0j
print(type(c1)) # class 'complex'

# Convert complex value into to bool


b1 = bool(c1)
b2 = bool(c2)

print(b1) # True
print(b2) # False
print(type(b1)) # class 'bool'

String type conversion


In str type conversion, we use the built-in function str() to convert converts
variables of other types to a string type. This function returns the string type of
object (value).
Casting int to str type

num = 15
print(type(num)) # class 'int'

# converting int to str type


s1 = str(num)
print(s1)
# Output '15'
print(type(s1))
# Output class 'str'

AD

Casting float type to str type

num = 75.35
print(type(num)) # class 'float'

# converting float to str type


s1 = str(num)
print(s1)
# Output '75.35'
print(type(s1))
# Output class 'str'

Casting complex type to str type

complex_num = 15 + 5j
print(type(complex_num)) # class 'complex'

# converting complex to str type


s1 = str(complex_num)
print(s1)
# Output '(15+5j)'

print(type(s1))
# class 'str'
Casting bool type to str type
AD

b1 = True
b2 = False
print(type(b1)) # class 'bool'

# converting bool to str type


s1 = str(b1)
s2 = str(b2)
print(s1)
# Output 'True'
print(s2)
# Output 'False'
print(type(s1)) # class 'str'

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