HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

FACULTY OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

Course

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Chapter
Time domain
3

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. Email: tttnguyen@hcmus.edu.vn

 Outline

1. Discrete-time systems
2. Convolution
3. Correlation

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 2
 1. Discrete-time systems
❖A system converts input to output:

x[n] DT System y[n]

❖E.g. Moving Average (MA):

1/M
x[n]
z-1 1/M
x[n-1] + y[n]
z-1 1/M
x[n-2] (M = 3)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 3
 Moving Average (MA)

x[n] A
1/M
x[n]
z-1
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
1/M x[n-1]
x[n-1] + y[n]
z-1 1/M
x[n-2] -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
x[n-2]

-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n

y[n]

-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 4
 MA Smoother
❖MA smoothes out rapid variations (e.g. “12 month moving
average”)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 5
 Accumulator

❖Output accumulates all past inputs:

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 6
 Accumulator

x[n] A
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
y[n-1]
x[n] + y[n]
z-1 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
y[n-1]
y[n]

-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 7
 Classes of DT systems

◼ Linear systems obey superposition:

x[n] DT system y[n]

◼ if input x1[n] → output y1[n], x2 → y2 ...

◼ given a linear combination of inputs:
x[n] = a x1[n] + b x2 [n]
◼ then output y[n] = a y1[n] + b y2 [n]
for all a, b, x1, x2
i.e. same linear combination of outputs

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 8
 Linearity: Example 1

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 9
 Linearity Example 2:

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 10
 Linearity Example 3:

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 11
 Property: Shift (time) invariance

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 12
 Shift-invariance counterexample

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 13
 Another counterexample

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 14
 Linear Shift Invariant (LSI)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 15
 Causality

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 16
 Causality example

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 17
 Impulse response (IR)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 18
 Impulse response example

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 19
 2. Convolution

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 20
 Convolution sum

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 21
 Convolution properties

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 22
 Interpreting convolution

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 23
 Convolution interpretation 1

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 24
 Convolution interpretation 2

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 25
 Matrix interpretation

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 26
 Convolution notes

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 27
 Convolution in MATLAB

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 28
 Connected systems

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 29
 Inverse systems

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 30
 Inverse systems

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 31
 Inverse system example

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 32
 Parallel connection

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 33
 3. Correlation

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 34
 Correlation and convolution

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 35
 Autocorrelation

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 36
 AC of a periodic sequence

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 37
 AC of a periodic sequence

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 38
 What correlations look like

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 39
 What correlation looks like

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 40
 QA

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D.

Ho Chi Minh City University of Science
Faculty of Electronics and Communications
Department of Telecommunication and Networks
Email: tttnguyen@hcmus.edu.vn