Chapter 1

Problem and Its Settings

Background of the Study

Parenting is a subject of professional expertise, and activity in which

adults are increasingly expected to be emotionally absorbed and become

personally fulfilled. By focusing the significance of parenting as a form of

relationship and as mediated by family relationships across time and space, the

book explores the points of accommodation and points of tension between

parenting as defined by professionals, and those experienced by parents

themselves. Specific themes include the ways in which the moral context for

parenting is negotiated and sustained, the structural constraints to ‘good’

parenting (particularly in cases of immigration or reproductive technologies), the

relationship between intimate family life and broader cultural trends, parenting

culture, policy making and nationhood parenting and/as adult ‘identity-work’.

Including contributions on parenting from a range of ethnographic locales –

from Europe, Canada and the US, to non-Euro-American settings such as

Turkey, Chile and Brazil, this volume presents a uniquely critical and

international perspective, which positions parenting as a global ideology that

intersects in a variety of ways with the political, social, cultural, and economic

positions of parents and families. Each child is vulnerable and can either be

molded to be successful or made to fail in life. According to the Child and Youth

Welfare Code of the Philippines, the child is one of the most important assets of

the nation, the promotion and enhancement of the child's life and welfare is

1
also anchored on the moral supervision and support given by his parents or

guardians. In order for a child to succeed, parents exert a lot of influence on

their child's cognitive development in the early years and thus, the contact

between home and school should be maintained, especially during the primary

school years. Although family background appears to be a powerful

determinant of parental involvement, most parents, if duly encouraged, are able

to devote extra time and effort to assisting with their children’s education.

Being a parent is not always an easy task and every parent has their

moments of self-doubt. How can individuals’ needs be met fairly within the

family dynamic? How can we give our children the skills they need to flourish?

How can we provide clear and consistent discipline? How can we manage our

children’s’ moods along with our own responses? There are so many questions

that parents have to face and they are often left not knowing which way to turn.

Parental guidance is offered independently or alongside child psychotherapy. It

involves giving help and support to parents regarding issues such as,

Difficulties encountered by the child whether they be emotional, social,

physical, behavioral or educational, Disciplinary difficulties such as problems of

parental authority, difficulties encountered by a single parent, Ongoing family

crisis such as separation, divorce, disclosure of a family secret, family

restructuring, Events external to the family such as abuse of a child, Events

internal to the family such as bereavement, mental illness, adoption, academic

failings, sibling rivalry, disability, high intelligence.

We conduct this study because we all know that the Parental guidance is

so vital with the reasons that it starts children on the path to developing their

own sense of morality and responsibility. Also, Parental guidance helps to

2
provide better support to the child and their difficulties and enable them to

flourish, evolve in our role as parent, evolve in our educational role.

Statement of the Problem

The study sought to determine the Inadequate Parental Guidance on

Adolescent Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the

year 2023-2024.

Research Question

To answer the above cited problem, an answer to the following will be

sought.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of age, gender,

education, socio-economic status?

2) What is the effect of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental

Health?

3.) What are the causes of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent

Mental Health?

4. Is there any significant relationship between the Inadequate Parental

Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health?

3
Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents

and the study of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in

Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024.

There is no significant relationship between the profile of the

respondents and the study of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent

Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-

2024

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused on Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent

Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-

2024.

This study was defined purok 1 and purok 2 of Barangay Awitan

Paracale Camarines Norte.

Delimitation

The respondents in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte in purok 1

are Thirty-nine (39) and from purok 2 are forty (40) with the total number of

seventy-nine (79) respondents.

4
Significance of the Study

The study focused on Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent

Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-

2024.

Moreover, the result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

Respondents . The respondents will have an absence on the negative impact

of poor parental guidance.

Adolescent . The results of the study will help the adolescent to provide

encouragement to do the right things.

Parents . The result of the study will help the parents and the respondents to

guide their children to the right path due to the parental guidance.

St. Helena Caretech Institute, Inc. . the result of the study will help the school

to inform them about the parental guidance that they need to their students.

Researcher . The information about the findings will help or guide them for the

appropriate Parental Guidance.

Future Researcher . The findings of the study will serve as a reference

material and a guide for future researcher who wish to conduct the same

5
experimental study or and study related to the negative impact of Poor Parental

Guidance.

Definition of Terms

Guidance – advice or information or resolving a problem especially as given by

someone in authority.

Parents - A parson who aware or bring forth offspring especially the natural

parents of a child born of their marriage.

Parental Guidance - Giving help and support by the parents.

Adolescence - the phase of life between childhood and adulthood, from ages

10 to 19.

Mental health - it includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being.

It affects how we think, feel, and act.

Behavior - the way in which one sets conduct oneself especially toward the

others.

Personality - the Combination of characteristics or quality that form an

individual definition character.

Companionship - State of spending time with someone or having someone to

spend the time with.

Education - Transmission knowledge, skill and character traits.

6
 REFERENCES

Alvarez, E., Roces, N., & Garcia, S. (2012). Parental influences on student’s

achievement: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.

Psychology in the Schools, 34(3), 267-277.Ary, Y. (2019). Effects of parental

involvement.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012064

The Sociological Quarterly, 69(5), 126-141.

Barnes, A. (2010). Parental

involvement .https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1156936 Journal Pendidikan,

20(11), 83-94.

Barrera, L., & Li, O. (2016). Effects on family

involvement

.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00131881.2021.1988672 Gender

and Society, 18(3), 309-327.Okpala, C.O., Okpala, A.O., & Smith, F.E. (2011).

Parental involvement, instructional expenditures, family socioeconomic

attributes, https://www.cairn.info/revue-d-economie-politique-2010-5-page-759.

7
 Chapter 2

Review of the Related Literature and Studies

Adolescence is a critical period of rapid physical and mental

development. A blocked development process will often cause adolescents to

experience psychological crises and a variety of mental health problems. Poor

mental health is the leading cause of disability in young people, accounting for

a large proportion of the global disease burden faced by adolescents, with long-

term impacts. Moreover, poor mental health in adolescence is one factor that

influences risk-taking behaviors (e.g., self-harm, use of tobacco, alcohol and

drugs), risky sexual behaviors, and exposure to violence. The ongoing effects

of such behaviors can be persistent and have serious implications throughout

life. The mental health of adolescents is influenced by a wide range of factors. It

can include a genetic predisposition for a mental disorder, having grown up in a

home with substance abusing parents, the experience of child maltreatment,

parental loss at an early age, and difficulties in adjusting to physical changes of

puberty. Such factors might contribute and interact to increase the risk of a

young person developing poor mental health. In this paper, we have focused

upon two general factors only: perceived negative treatment by parents and

exposure to victimization from peers at school. Whether they may operate

independently and cumulatively is the question that we address. It has long

been acknowledged that the quality of parenting can have an important effect

on the mental health.

8
Related Literature

Parents can inadvertently re-enforce problems in their child. In turn,

problematic children can make parenting quite difficult. In either case, the

opportunity to talk over can be very helpful to talk over difficult parenting

situations with a professional can be very helpful. In an over view Parenting

isn't always an easy job. We all experience moments uncertainty about how to

balance the needs of our various family member, teach our kids the skills they

need provide consistent discipline, and manage our children's mood for our

own, for that matter. Parents are the they to helping children whether the issues

are developmental, emotional, behavioral or educational, it is through working

closely with parents that progress is achieved and maintained. It is my belief

that each parent is an "expert" when it comes to her or his own child. By

providing parents with the tools and confidence they need, the whole Family is

strengthened and the child is helped.

Foreign

Adolescents is influenced by many factors. Personal factors (e.g.,

biological and psychological characteristic factors) and environmental factors

(e.g., family, school and peer group) are considered to be the main factors

which affect adolescent mental health (Carr, 2019).

Indeed, the family factor (i.e., parenting style) has been shown to be

one of the most important factors affecting adolescent mental health

(Newman et al., 2018).

Parenting not only directly affects the mental health of adolescents, but

also has been shown to have a lasting impact on the development of

9
adolescents' personality and other psychological characteristics (Rohner and

Britner, 2022;

Huang et al., 2020. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the influence

mechanism of parenting style on adolescent mental health.

The parent–child relationship is an important subsystem of the family

system. Parenting style exerts a crucial influence on the growth of a child's

mental health through the interactions of family functions (Bowen and Kerr,

2019).

Local

The mental health of adolescents is influenced by a wide range of

factors. According to Cicchetti and Rogosh (2022)

Low levels of parental care and high levels of parental control were

found to be more likely than others to display symptoms of anxiety and

depression (Pedersen, 2021).

Adolescent students scoring comparatively low measure of Parental

Care and high on Parental Control have shown evidence of elevated

depression, suicidal thoughts and self-harm (Martin, Bergen, Roeger, &

Allison, 2019; Martin & Waite, 2019).

Clinically referred Filipino male and female suicidal adolescents were

found to indicate lower than average Parental Care (Adam, Keller, West,

Larose, & Gasser, 2020).

10
 In a study conducted, both measures of parental bonding (low Parental

Care and high Parent Control) were found to be associated with signs of

psychological distress (Shams & Williams, 2021).

Related Studies

Parental guidance helps children navigate challenges, build resilience,

and develop a strong sense of identity. Additionally, it can have a significant

impact on children's academic achievement, social relationships, and overall

mental and emotional health.

Foreign

Cross-cultural comparative study and meta-analysis have supported

the above (Khaleque, 2018;)

More specifically, self-esteem has been shown to be an important

protective factor in mental health (Mann et al., 2020;

Moksnes and Reidunsdatter, 2019), while psychological inflexibility

has been shown to be a risk factor in mental health.

(Kashdan and Rottenberg, 2021). As such, we hypothesized that

both are highly likely to play mediating roles in the relationship between

parenting style and adolescent mental health.

(Bowers, Smith, & Binney, 2020) Arguably, restrictive parenting

practices may result in children not only feeling insecure when they meet

other children at school, but also lacking the social skills needed to cope with

those who would bully them.

11
Local

A positive parenting, which might include behavior such as parental

emotional warmth, has been shown to be conducive to the child's

development of self-esteem, leading to high self-esteem and high mental

health (Robertson and Simons, 2019)

The relationship between parental bonding and general mental health

(Yamawaki et al., 2021).

The mental health has a psychological inflexibility stems out of six

processes: inflexible attention, disruption of chosen values, inaction or

impulsivity, attachment to a conceptualized self, cognitive fusion, and

experiential avoidance (Hayes et al., 2018).

Inadequate parenting environments lead to inflexible and experiential

avoidance of self-regulatory strategies (Rosenthal et al., 2022;

Warmth parenting styles predicted low psychological inflexibility in adolescents

(Williams et al., 2020)

Synthesis of the State of the Art

The researcher presented various related literature and studies

regarding the study. To have a clearer understanding of these literature and

studies, the researchers made a synthesis in the succeeding discussion.

One of the highlights was focused on the Inadequate Parental Guidance

on Adolescent Mental Health. According to Carr, 2019, Cicchetti and Rogosh

(2022), Moksnes and Reidunsdatter, 2019), Newman et al., 2018) and

(Mann et al., 2020;)

12
 The mental health of adolescents is influenced by a wide range of

factors such a Personal factor (e.g., biological and psychological characteristic

factors) and environmental factors (e.g., family, school and peer group) are

considered to be the main factors which affect adolescent mental health. More

specifically, self-esteem has been shown to be an important protective factor in

mental health.

According to (Hayes et al., 2018), (Rosenthal et al., 2022;),

(Williams et al., 2020), Moksnes and Reidunsdatter, 2019), The mental

health has a psychological inflexibility stems out of six processes: inflexible

attention, disruption of chosen values, inaction or impulsivity, attachment to a

conceptualized self, cognitive fusion, and experiential avoidance and

Inadequate parenting environments lead to inflexible and experiential

avoidance of self-regulatory strategies which Warmth parenting styles predicted

low psychological inflexibility in adolescents.

In addition, the study of Rohner and Britner, 2022, (Robertson and

Simons, 2019; ), Parenting not only directly affects the mental health of

adolescents, but also has been shown to have a lasting impact on the

development of adolescents' personality and other psychological characteristics

and A positive parenting, which might include behavior such as parental

emotional warmth, has been shown to be conducive to the child's development

of self-esteem, leading to high self-esteem and high mental health .

Moreover, stated that the adolescent students scoring comparatively low

measure of Parental Care and high on Parental Control have shown evidence

of elevated depression, suicidal thoughts and self-harm and Clinically referred

Filipino male and female suicidal adolescents were found to indicate lower than

13
average Parental Care the both measures of parental bonding (low Parental

Care and high Parent Control) were found to be associated with signs of

psychological distress that Low levels of parental care and high levels of

parental control were found to be more likely than others to display symptoms

of anxiety and depression.

Bridging the Gap

This study aimed to determine the inadequate Inadequate Parental

Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan on the year 2023-2024.

All studies have been made for the researcher to have an idea regarding

to inadequate parental guidance from the contents of related literature and

related studies. There were no general studies conducted on the adolescence

mental health ang well-being but many studies have been done in relation of

compliance of Inadequate parental guidance on adolescent mental health and

well-being were not able to identify the importance of parental guidance for

them to comply it properly with the good mental health for the adolescence.

This study is conducted to identify the level of knowledge and performance of

parents on how they perform parenting compliance for them to understand the

importance, purpose and the meaning of proper parenting for adolescent.

14
 Theoretical Framework

Figure 1, The Theoretical Framework of the study.

Attachment Theory Parenting Theory

Inadequate Parental Guidance

on

Adolescent Mental Health in

Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on

the year 2023-2024.

Attachment Theory

Attachment theory describes and explains the development of emotional

ties between infants and their caregivers, highlighting the implications of such

bonds for individual development. Indeed, research to date underscores the

significance of attachment security in promoting positive developmental

outcomes. The core premise of attachment theory is that the relationship

between a parent and infant reflects a behavioral system that has adapted to

promote survival and competent functioning of the offspring. The behavioral

system has two centrals’ parts: novelty seeking and proximity seeking.

Although the development of the system occurs throughout the first year of life,

15
it is most apparent when infants begin to crawl (typically, around six to 10

months of age). When infants feel safe in their surroundings, they explore their

environment and play with novel objects. After all, the way an infant grows into

an independent and competent adult is through exploring, manipulating, and

interacting with people and objects. This is novelty seeking in action. On the

other hand, infants who just set off to explore the environment without any fear

would not last long—they might get injured or even killed. This is where the

second part of the system comes in: proximity seeking. When infants are upset,

distressed, or fearful, they will retreat to the protective arms of a parent. The

parent is then able to protect the child—one of the basic functions of parenting

identified by Bradley as mentioned in the first chapter. In this way, parents

serve as a secure base for an exploring infant. According to attachment theory,

this base enables infants to feel comfortable exploring their environment,

because they know they can retreat to the safety of a parent when they need

protection. After regaining a sense of well-being, infants can then return to

exploring their environment and developing competence. Caregivers establish

their role as a secure base over the first year of life by showing warmth and

love to the infants, being sensitive to their cues, by satisfying their needs, and

helping to regulate their emotions. In turn, infants learn to trust that the

caregiver will take care of their needs. That trust develops into a secure

attachment that encourages exploration of the environment, supports the

development of social and cognitive competence, establishes feelings of

efficacy, and promotes the development of autonomy.

16
 Parenting Theories

Parenting has gained ample research attention from various scientific

areas. Many theories emphasize the vital role of parenting in child

development. When studying parenting, researchers use different strategies

considering parenting practices, parenting dimensions, or parenting styles.

Parenting practices can be defined as directly observable, specific behaviors

parents use to socialize with their children.Rather than focusing on specific

parenting practices, other researchers identified overarching parenting

dimensions seen in relationship modeling. Most scientists agree on at least two

broad dimensions of parenting, labeled parental support and parental control.

Parental support is the affective nature of the parent-child relationship,

indicated by showing involvement, acceptance, emotional availability, warmth,

and responsivity. The parental support dimension has been related to positive

development outcomes in children, such as the prevention of alcohol abuse

and deviance depression and delinquency and externalizing problem behavior.

The parental control behavioral dimension consists of parenting behavior that

attempts to control, manage or regulate child behavior, either through enforcing

demands and rules, disciplinary strategies, control of rewards and punishment,

or through supervisory functions. Appropriate behavioral control has been

considered to affect child development positively. In contrast, insufficient (e.g.,

poor parental monitoring) or excessive behavioral control (e.g., parental

physical punishment) has been commonly associated with negative child

developmental outcomes, such as deviant behavior, misconduct, depression,

and anxiousness. This parental behavioral control refers to control over the

child's behavior; parental psychological control pertains to the parent's attempt

17
to manipulate children's thoughts, emotions, and feelings. Due to the

manipulative and intrusive nature of psychological control, this type of control

has almost exclusively been associated with negative developmental outcomes

in children and adolescents, such as depression, antisocial behavior, and

relational regression.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 show the conceptual framework of the study. The independent

variable is the Inadequate Parental Guidance. The dependent variable is the

Adolescent Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan on the year 2023-2024.

Inadequate Adolescent Mental

Parental Guidance Health in Brgy.

Awitan on the year

2023-2024.

Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental

Health in Brgy. Awitan on the year 2023-2024.

Figure 2.

The researcher adapted the following term in this study.

Inadequate Parental Guidance refers to the absence of parental

care in early childhood negatively affect children’s development in health

status, daily behavior, and school performance.

18
 REFERENCES

1. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral

change. Psychological Review. 1977; 84:191–215.

2. Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social

psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical

considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986; 51:1173–

1182.

3. Birch SH, Ladd GW. The teacher-child relationship and children's early school

adjustment. Journal of School Psychology. 1997; 35:61–79.

4. Chapman M, Skinner EA, Baltes PB. Interpreting correlations between

children's perceived control and cognitive performance: Control, agency, or

means-ends beliefs? Developmental Psychology. 1990; 26:246–253.

5. Christian K, Morrison FJ, Bryant FB. Predicting kindergarten academic skills:

Interactions among child care, maternal education, and family literacy

environments. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 1998; 13:501–521.

6. Committee on Early Childhood Pedagogy. Eager to learn: Educating our

preschoolers. The National Academies Press; Washington, DC: 2000.

7. DuPaul GJ, Rapport MD. Teacher ratings of academic skills: The development

of the academic performance rating scale. School Psychology Review. 1991;

20:284–300.

19
8. Eccles JS, Harold RD. Family involvement in children's and adolescent's

schooling. In: Booth A, Dunn JF, editors. Family School Links. Lawrence

Erlbaum Associates; Mahwah, NJ: 1994. pp. 3–34.

9. Entwisle DR, Hayduk LA. Lasting effects of elementary school. Sociology of

Education. 1988; 61:147–159.

10. Epstein JL. Perspectives and previews on research and policy for school,

family, and community partnerships. In: Booth A, Dunn JF, editors. Family-

school links: How do they affect educational outcomes? Erlbaum; Mahwah, NJ:

1996. pp. 209–246.

20
 CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter reveals the methods of research to be employed by the

researcher in conducting the study which includes the research design,

population of the study, research instrument and its development establishing

its validity and reliability, data gathering procedures, and the appropriate

statistical treatment of data

Research Design

This study was made by the means of quantitative methods of

researcher. The researcher attempted to get the answers to the

aforementioned problem and to justify and satisfy the objectives of the study.

Likewise, it also attempted to know the result of inadequate parental guidance

on adolescent mental health and well-being.

According to Sis International Research (n.d.) quantitative research is a

structured way of collecting and analyzing data obtained from different sources.

Quantitative research involves the use of computational, statistical, and

mathematical tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to

quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking for

projectable results to a larger population.

21
 Qualitative research is generally more explorative, a type of research

that is dependent on the collection of verbals, behavioral or observational data

that can be. interpreted in a subjective manner.

The Respondents of the study

The respondent of the study is composed of people in the community of

Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024. One of the vital

processes to keep this study successful. All of these participants were selected

through random sampling. This sampling method is conducted where each

member of a population has a capability to become part of the sample.

The chosen respondents are containing of seventy-nine (79)

respondents from two (2) selected purok in Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte.

This brgy. is composed of two (2) purok. Purok 1 is composed of 39

respondents and purok 2 is composed of 40 respondents from 10 to 19 years

old. Those purok was chosen by the researchers because they are suitable and

applicable to the study

Research instrument

The questionnaire was used as the main data-gathering instrument. The

instrument to be prepared focused on answering the statement of the problem.

The result of inadequate parental guidance on adolescence. The questionnaire

contains of six (6) questions. The questionnaires will be distributed to the

respondent. The date gathering instrument was structured as checking of their

answer to their questions. This legend will help the researchers to analysis the

result of conducting data-gathering.

22
 Data Gathering Procedure

After establishing the validity and reliability on how gather-data,

formulating questions appropriate for the study and all doing necessary

modification to the chosen respondent. Seventy-nine (79) copies of

questionnaires distributed will be successfully completed and returned. Thus,

their corresponding answer to the question are kept in accordance with the

agreement of the respondents and the researchers.

The data gathered was organized and tabulated according to the result

of the statistical treatment done. In this stage, the service of a statistical

consultant was needed.

Statistical Treatment of the Data

To analyze and interpret the data, the researcher employed the following

statistical procedure:

A random sampling technique formula to estimate sampling size.

It is computed as n = N / (1+Ne2).

1. To calculate the sample size (n)

2. Given the population size (N)

3. A margin of error (e).

23
Data Analysis Plan

Using the data gathered, data analysis plan would encompass a number

of procedures leading to the findings or the result of the study about the

inadequate parental guidance on adolescent mental health, the procedures to

be observed are as follow:

1. Summarizing the numerical data. This would be done through a tally that will

be based on the certain answer of the respondent in the survey questionnaires.

2. Mathematical/Statistical Interpretation of the summarized data.

There is a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents

and the study of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in

Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024.

3. The produced outcome will be determining the hypothesis of our topic. Is

there significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the

study of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in Brgy.

Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024 and are there a

significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the study of

Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in brgy. Awitan

Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024.

24
Formula used in treating the data gathered:

n = N / (1+Ne2).

whereas:

n = no. of samples

N = total population

e = error margin / margin of error

25
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter present the results, the analysis and interpretation of data

gathered from the answer to the questionnaires distributed to the field. The said

data were presented in tabular form I accordance with the specific questions

posited on the statement of the problem.

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1

Age of the Respondents

AGE FREQUENC PUROK PUROK TOTAL

Y 1 2

10 9 4 5 9

11 7 3 4 7

12 11 4 7 11

13 8 2 6 8

14 4 2 2 4

15 10 4 6 10

16 11 7 4 11

17 6 5 1 6

18 6 3 3 6

26
 19 7 5 2 7

TOTAL 79 39 40 79

According to the table 1, The age respondents from the 10 to 19 are 79

respondents in total. The 10 years old from purok 1 are 4 and from purok 2 are

5 that equivalent to 9 respondents. The 11 years old from purok 1 are 3 and

from purok 2 are 4 that equivalent to 7. The 12 years old from purok 1 are 4

and from purok 2 are 7 that equivalent to 11. The 13 years old from purok 1 are

2 and from purok 2 are 6 that equivalent to 8. The 14 years old from purok 1

are 2 and from purok 2 are 2 that equivalent to 4. The 15 years old from purok

1 are 4 and from purok 2 are 6 that equivalent to 10. The 16 years old from

purok 1 are 7 and from purok 2 are 4 that equivalent to 11. The 17 years old

from purok 1 are 5 and from purok 2 are 1 that equivalent to 6. The 18 years

old from purok 1 are 3 and from purok 2 are 3 that equivalent to 6. The 19

years old from purok 1 are 5 and from purok 2 are 2 that equivalent to 7. Purok

1 that are ages from 10-19 are 39 and from purok 2 from 10-19 are 40 with the

total number of 79 respondents. Therefore 79 respondents answered our

question.

Table 2

Gender of the Respondents

Gender Purok 1 Purok 2 Total

Male 23 25 48

Female 16 15 31

27
 Total 39 40 79

Based on the table 2, Our female respondent in purok 1 is 16 and for

purok 2 are 15 with the total of 31 female respondents. Also, for the male

respondents from purok 1 are 23 and for the purok 2 are 25 with the total

number of 48. Therefore, the male respondents are the majority.

Table 3

Effect of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental

Health

A Behavior Personality Companions Education

ge hip

P P P P P. P. P P

.1 .2 .1 .2 1 2 .1 .2

10 2 3 0 1 0 0 2 1

11 1 2 1 0 0 1 1 1

12 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1

13 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 1

14 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

15 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1

16 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1

17 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

28
 18 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

19 1 2 1 0 2 0 1 0

Total 14 18 8 9 5 5 1 8

32 17 10 20

Based on the table 3, Our 32 respondents answered the Effect of

Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health is behavior, and

the 17 respondents answered the Effect of Inadequate Parental Guidance on

Adolescent Mental Health is personality, the 10 respondents answered the

Effect of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health is

companionship and lastly, our 20 respondents answered the Effect of

Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health is Education.

Therefore, our respondents are answered that the behavior is the most effect of

Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health and the second is

the Education, third is the personality and last is the companionship.

Table 3.1

Computation

Effect of I.P. G SAMPLE Sampling %

SIZE

Behavior 32 26.71 40.5

29
 Personality 17 14.18 21.5

Companionship 10 8.38 12.6

Education 20 16.69 25.4

Total 79 65.97 100%

n = N / (1+Ne2)

79/(1+Ne2)

79(.0025) = 0.1975

79/1+0.1975 = 65.97

Sample size/Total # of sample size (total sampling) (total # of

sampling) (100%)

Based on table 3.1, the total sampling of the effect of inadequate

parental guidance on adolescent mental health is 65.97 with the total % 0f

100%. The sampling of behavior is 26.71 with the total percent of 40.5% and

seconded by the education with the total sampling 16.69 with the 25.4 %, third

is the personality with the total sampling of 14.18 and about 21.5 percentage.

Lastly is the companionship with the total sampling of 8.38 that the percentage

is 12.6%. Therefore, behavior is the most effect of inadequate parental

guidance.

30
 Table 4

Causes of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental

Health

Age Gender Socio Age Lack of

P.1 P.2 P.1 P.2 P.1 P.2 P.1 P.2

10 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 3

11 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2

12 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3

13 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 2

14 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

15 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2

16 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1

17 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1

18 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

19 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 2

Total 8 9 12 8 5 5 14 18

17 20 10 32

Based on the table 4, Our 17 respondents answered that the gender is

the Causes of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health.

The 20 respondents answered the Socio-economic status, and the 10

respondents answered the age is the cause and lastly, the Lack of Education

was answered by the 32 respondents. Therefore, the most causes of

31
Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health are the Lack of

Education and seconded by socio economic status, third is the gender and last

is the age.

Table 4.1

Computation

Cause of I.P. Sample Size Sampling %

Gender 17 14.18 21.5

Socio 20 16.69 25.4

Economic

Status

Age 10 8.38 12.6

Lack of 32 26.71 40.5

Education

Total 79 65.97 100%

n = N / (1+Ne2)

79/(1+Ne2)

79(.0025) = 0.1975

79/1+0.1975 = 65.97

32
 Sample size/Total # of sample size (total sampling) (total # of

sampling) (100%)

Based on the table 4.1, it is almost the same with the table 3.1. Gender

sampling is almost 14.18 with the percent of 21.5%. Socio Economic Status

sampling is 16.69 with the percentage of 25.4. Age is over 8.38 sampling with

the total percent of 12.6%. Lastly are the Lack of Education deals with the

26.71 sampling and 40.5 percentage. Therefore, the most cause of Inadequate

Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health is the Lack of Education,

seconded by Socio Economic Status, third is the Gender and last is the Age.

Table 5

Importance of Parental Guidance

RESPONDENT AGREE DISAGREE TOTAL

79 70 9 79

Based on table 5, the total respondents are seventy-nine (79). Seventy

(70) of them are agree that the parental guidance is important. Also, there are 9

respondents that disagree that the parental guidance is not important.

Therefore, there are so many respondents that giving the importance of having

parental guidance. The researchers claim that the significant relationship

between inadequate parental guidance and social well-being to the selected

adolescence of the brgy. Awitan with a total sample population of seventy-nine

(79).

33
 CHAPTER 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary or the research work undertaken,

the conclusions drawn and the recommendations made as an outgrowth of this

study. This study is focused in Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent

Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-

2024.

In Inadequate Parental Guidance on adolescent were the behavior,

personality, companionship, and education are the effect and the cause are the

Gender, socio economic status, Lack of education and Age.

Summary of Findings

The salient findings of the study are as follows:

1. The Inadequate Parental Guidance on adolescent effects are:

1.1 Behavior

Almost all of the respondents deal with this Effect with the total

sampling of 26.71 with the percentage of 40.5% which is the highest to those

effect.

1.2 Education

This effect is equivalent to the 16.69 sampling with the percentage of

25.4%.

34
1.3 Personality

This effect is almost 14.18 sampling with the total percent of 21.5%

1.4 Companionship

This effect has an 8.38 sampling with the percentage of 12.6

The effect of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental

Health and Well-being in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year

2023-2024 total sampling is 65.97 and the percentage is 100%.

2. The Inadequate Parental Guidance on adolescent cause are:

2.1 Gender

This cause is almost 14.18 sampling and the percentage is 21.5%

2.2 Socio Economic Status

This is all about 16.69 sampling and the percentage is 25.4%

2.3 Age

This cause is over 8.38 sampling with the percentage of 12.6%

2.4 Lack of Education

This cause is in total of 26.71 sampling and the percentage is 40.5%.

The effect of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental

Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024 total

sampling is 65.97 and the percentage is 100%.

35
3. Is there’s a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents

and the study of Inadequate Parental Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in

Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines Norte on the year 2023-2024 using the

above-mentioned variables?

The overall computed value on the effect is almost 65.97 sampling with

the total percentage of 100%. The same with the cause of our study with the

65.97 total sampling with the total of 100%. It was interpreted as significant

therefore, the hypothesis is accepted.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. The researchers conclude that the Inadequate Parental Guidance on

adolescent has the greatest impact to the behavior that affect to the mental

health. Parents should have enough Education and knowledge to be an

effective in parenting.

2. The researchers conclude that the two groups of respondents have the same

perception of what they observed with their cause and effect of Inadequate

parental guidance above mentioned variables.

3. The researchers then conclude that the study about Inadequate Parental

Guidance on Adolescent Mental Health in Brgy. Awitan Paracale Camarines

Norte on the year 2023-2024 possess to the mental health behavior effect and

the Lack of education that the cause of Inadequate parental guidance on

adolescent.

36
Recommendation

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following

recommendations are suggested:

1. The researchers recommend that the Inadequate parental guidance on

adolescent should be address properly because they affect the adolescent

mental health.

2. The researchers recommend that the proper parenting is the best to the

adolescence mental health.

3. The researchers recommend that the future researchers must conduct a

further study regarding this matter to have a continuous for studies possible

solution in this problem.

37
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