CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION

1
 INTRODUCTION

MARKETING CONCEPT

The customer – oriented marketing has given rise to new philosophy in business
known as “Marketing concept”. Under this philosophy, customer satisfaction for his
wants is the justification of business.

Marketing concept is based on three fundamental ingredients:

1. Profits through satisfaction of customer rather than maximization of sales
volume should be the objective of business.
2. All company planning, policies and operations should be oriented towards the
customer.
3. All Marketing activities of a firm should be organizationally integrated to
achieve.

Definitions of Marketing:

1. Traditional Definition:

Traditionally marketing has been defined in the narrow sense as the performance
of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from producer to
consumer.
2. Modern Definition:
PHILIP KOTLER has rightly remarked.

“Marketing is analysis, organizing planning controlling of the firm’s customer

impinging resources, activities with a view to satisfying the needs and wants of chosen
customer groups at a profit”.

2
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To ascertain the influencing factors that determines the buying behavior of
consumer in the selection of TOYATO MOTOR CARS.
2. To study the consumer buying behavior towards TOYATO MOTOR CARS
regarding its price.
3. To assess the satisfaction towards dealer service.
4. To observe the Consumer perception towards the various features of TOYATO
MOTOR CARS.
5. To know about the maintenance charges of the vehicle in accordance with repairs.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study is conducted on 50 Select respondents form Warangal city. This study
aims to analyses the facilities influencing the buyer behaviors.
This study also incidentally studies the level of satisfying of respondents towards
Toyato cars.

DATA AND METHODOLOGY

The research methodology is a way to systematic way to solve the research

problem. It may be understood as the science of the study how research is done
scientifically. We study various factors that are generally adopted by a researcher in his
research problem along with the logic behind them. It consists of data, collection
methods sources of data, sampling methods used etc.

Data is collected from Primary and secondary sources. Primary data is collected
through a structured questionnaire to select respondents of the sample.

3
 Secondary data has been collected through various sources such as annual reports
of organization, websites, journals; magazines and personal discursion at executives of
organization elicit required information.
Questionnaire is prepared with a combination of open ended and close ended
question. 50 respondents were selected from the sample through Random sampling
method from the given sample.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The Study may have the following limitations.
1. Since the sample size taken is only 50 the findings may not represent the whole
sample.
2. The study is restricted to Warangal area. The findings may not apply to the whole
market.
3. The time and financial constraints may have affected the project.
CHAPTERISATION
The proposed study is organized into four chapters for the sake of convenience
and ease of reporting. The details of chaptalization are as follows.
The First Chapter titled ‘Introduction’ is introductory in nature and deals with
introduction of the study, theoretical concepts, Need and importance, objectives of study,
scope, data and methodology, limitations of the study and chaptalization.
The Second Chapter titled ‘Company Profile’ presents the profile, status, and
charts of the organization and its billing and distribution systems.
The Third Chapter titled ‘Data Analysis’ tries to analyses the data and facts
collected in the study in terms of market share of different companies in soft drinks
industry and profiles of customers.
The Fourth Chapter titled ‘Findings and Suggestions’ tries to present the
conclusions which have emerged from the main findings of the study and offers
suggestions.
 Bibliography.
 Appendix contains Questionnaire

4
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR:

The term consumer I used to denote two different kinds of consuming entities i.e.
that is personal consumer and organizational consumer. The personal consumer is the
individual who buys goods and services for his own use or for the use of the household.
Personal consumer buys the goods for ultimate consumption and hence, they are called as
end users or ultimate users.

The organizational consumers encompass private business, government agencies

and institutions, all of which buy goods and services in order to run their institution.
Therefore, the organization consumer is not the ultimate consumer. He plays an
intermediary role between the process of production and ultimate consumption.

DEFINITION OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR:

According to David London & Albert J, Della Bitta, consumer behavior may be
defined as “the decision process and physical activity, an individual engages in when
evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing of goods and services”.
Philip Kotler defined consumer behavior as “all psychological, social and physical
behavior of potential consumer as they become aware of evaluate, purchase, consumer
and tell others about production and services.

The analysis of consumer behavior is one of the most important keys to successful
marketing. Because the buyer behavior is very useful in determining the form, style,
packing brand, trade mark etc., of the products. Thus, an understanding of buyer behavior
is essential in marketing planning and programmers.

Business is “A state of being Busy” and it is always most around us. Business
means an enterprise engaged in the “Production and distribution of goods and services”
for sale in the market. A person can understand and behave according to his persistence
when he has some knowledge regarding business world. To gain such knowledge he
should have good communication skills and should have the power of talking to deal
every dealer in an effective manner. In the modern times the Business organizations are
adopting new techniques and methods for the growth of business.
5
IMPORTANTANCE OF STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR:

For a successful running of any firm or an organization one has to be aware of

CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR, which plays a prominent role in any business
organization. In olden days, the importance of consumer behavior was not realized
because it was seller’s market. But modern marketing is consumer oriented. Therefore,
the study of consumer behavior is vital in framing the adopting the marketing strategies in
various functional department. They are:
1. Production policies
2. Price policies
3. Decision regarding channels of distribution
4. Decision regarding sales promotion

1. PRODUCTION POLICIES:

The consumer behavior gives an insight into the various factors, which prompt
him to purchase a particular product. If it is known that it is the packing or taste or habit
of fashion which attract the buyer then the producer will pay attention to them in his
products. Thus, consumer behavior helps a great deal in formulating production policies.

2. PRICE POLICIES:
The buyer behavior is important in designing price policies. The buyers of some
products purchase only particular brands because they are cheaper than the competitive
brands available in the market. In such case the price of such products cannot be raised.
On the other hand, some other articles are purchased because it enhances the prestige and
social status of persons. The price of such things can easily raise or fixed higher.

DECISION REGARDING CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION:

The channel of distribution depends upon their products. In case of those

products, which require after sales service such as: Television, Refrigerator, Bike, Cars
etc. The distribution channels should be effectively built and maintained. The decisions
regarding channels of distribution are taken on the basis of consumer behavior.
6
DECISION REGARDING SALES PROMOTION:

The producer who knows what motive prompts consumer to make purchased and
the same are utilized in advertising media to awaken desire to purchase. The marketer
takes decision regarding brand packaging, discount, gifts etc. On the basis of consumer
behavior for promoting sales of the products.

The success (or failure) of marketing depends upon the consumer behavior.
Consumer target, individual and group reaction expressed in the form of buying pattern.
While, learning the consumer behavior, it is important to know who influences the buying
decisions.

Who makes the buying decisions ?

Who makes the actual purchase?
And
Who ultimately uses the product?

FACTORS EFFECTING THE CONSUMERT BUYING BEHAVIOR

Understanding the reason for studying consumer behavior present a justification
for the time and effort that the reader will expend in learning about consumer. The three
factors to understand consumer behavior are

1. The Economic factors

2. The psychological factors
3. The satisfaction factors

BUYER BEHAVIOR – INSIGHT FROM ECONOMICS

Economic theory describes man as a rational buyer who has perfect information
about market and uses it to obtain maximum value for the buying effort and money. Price
is the strongest motivation. He compares all competing seller’s offering; he buys the one
with the low-price purchasing power of the consumer is used to convert production into
consumption.

7
CONSUMER CREDIT
Availability of consumer credit strongly influences the pattern of consumer
spending Credit which allows one to buy now and pay later enables the consumer to
command more purchasing power that separated from his current income. The quick
response of durable goods expenditure to income changes traces to the wide use of
installment credit in financed purchases.

BUYER BEHAVIOUR – INSIGHT FROM PSYCHOLOGY:

Studies of learning and the related areas such as recognition recall and habitual
response have furnished marketers with several keys to understanding the buyer behavior.
They help in answering questions like;

1. How do consumers learn about products offered for sale?

2. How do they learn to recognize and recall these products?
3. By what process do they develop buying and consuming habits?

ROLE OF CONSUMER IN BUYING:

People may play any of the following several roles in buying decision.

INITIATOR: The person who first suggests or things of the idea of buying a particular
product or service.

INFLUENCER: A person whose views or advice influences the buying decision.

DECIDER: The person who ultimately makes a buying decision or any part of it –
whether to buy, where to buy, how to buy.

BUYER: The person who makes an actual purchase.

USER: The person who consumes or uses a product or service.

8
 Knowing about the main buying participants and the vital roles they play in
fulfilling their needs on the other hand helps the marketer fine – tune the marketing
programmed.

PROCESS OF CONSUMER DECISION MAKING:

The process component of model is concerned with how consumers make

decisions. The consumer has to pass through five stages to reach a buying decision.

Need recognition

Information Search

Evaluation of Alternatives

Purchase Decision

Post Purchase Decision

OUTPUT : (POST PURCHASE DECISION BEHAVIOUR)

The outp ut portion of the consumer decision making is to do with two closely
related aspects.

1. Purchase Behavior
2. Post Purchase Behavior

9
AN OVERVIEW OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA:

The origin of auto mobile is not certain. In this section of auto mobile history, we
will only discuss about the phases of auto mobile in the development and modernization
process since the first car was shipped to India. We will start automotive history from
this point of time.
The automobile industry has changed the way people live and work. The earliest
of modern cars was manufactured in the year 1895. Shortly the first appearance of the car
followed in India. As the century turned, three cars were imported in Mumbai (India).
With in decade there were total of 1025 cars in the city.

The dawn of auto mobile actually goes back to 4000 years when the first wheel
was used for transportation in India. In the beginning of 15th century Portuguese arrived
in China and the interaction of the two cultures led to a variety of new technologies,
including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power. By 1600s small steam
powered engine models was developed, but it took another century before a full-size
engine powered vehicle was created.
The actual horseless carriage was introduced in the year 1893 by brothers Charles
and Frank Duryea. It was the first internal – combustion motor car of America, and it
was followed by Henry Ford’s first experimental car that same year. One of the highest –
rated early luxury automobiles was the 1909 Rolls – Royce Silver ghost that featured a
quiet 6-cylender engine, leather interior, folding windscreen and hood, and an aluminum
body. It was usually driven by chauffeurs and emphasis was on comfort and style rather
than speed.

The INDIAN PASSENGER car industry as we see today is relatively of recent

origin. Except the ubiquitous ambassador and the premier Padmini there was not much
moving around the Indian tag. The restrictive policies of the Indian government did not
allow foreign players to set shop in India and in the absence of adequate technology and
purchasing power it resulted in the slow growth of the industries. As early as in 1928 the
imported car was introduced in India. In 1942 Hindustan motors was incorporated.
Many competitors have entered to start its manufacturing in India because of cheap
availability of resources.

10
 Many car makers entered Indian hoping to tap its much-wanted middle class. We
only have to step out of our houses to know the rolling sea of different colors, shapes and
size on the roads home the same point the car industry in the country has changes. Which
has meant the single biggest change for us as a customer is equipped with choice.

On the basis of price, the Indian car industry can be classified into economy or the ‘small’
car (up to 0.3mn) mid – size (0.3-0.5), luxury car (0.5-1mn) and super luxury cars (above
1mn). Economy segment dominates with a market share of about 80% of total car sales.

Automobile manufactures in India have, for decades, for perpetuated the idea
that they knew best not only abort the manufacturing and selling cars but also about what-
the consumer wants. The car buyer will be the major beneficiary of the marketing war in
the segment as they will be able to get technologically better products at good terms and
conditions. But with an expected shake out, the threat of discontinuation of a model is
also high.

IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING OF CARS IN INDIA

Indian economy is developing economy. Economic environment in India has
changed and has been acquiring greater dynamism and robustness. The functions of
marketing have also undergone tremendous changes. The country has acquired a solid
industrial base. Now the concept of marketing has undergone revolutionary change.
Marketing managers have come to know the importance of consumer-oriented marketing
to grow. For the3m, marketing means creation of demand and creation of consumers. In
other words, it means creation of demands through the satisfaction of customer’s wants
and thus creation of better standard of living of the people. India has acquired a solid
industrial base.

The infrastructure required for the advancement of industry is high now being
developed. The “opening of the economy” in the nineties as a sequel to new economic
policies and liberalization measures has given a new impetus to the process. With the
new programmers, the economic and industrial environment of India is moving further
towards the forces of market place and away from controls and regulations. There is
remarkable expansion and diversification in the manufacture and marketing consumer
goods. A number of multinationals have entered the Indian consumer market and posed a
11
threat to the existence of Indian industries. Indian industries are facing stiff competition
with them.

They are now using new marketing techniques to survive. The Indian industries
are prepared to review their marketing policies like production and sales policies and
price policies and other related policies and programs to commensurate them with those
of their foreign counterparts. Thus, in the light of the above discussion the marketing
function in India has acquired a new dimension. It has become important in the changing
environment India’s economy.

NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY:

Individual act and react on the basis of their personal needs and wants but not on
basis of objective reality thus of the markets, Consumer buying behavior is more
important than their knowledge of objective reality. It is important that the market should
understand the consumer buying behavior, satisfaction and its related concepts that so
they can be readily determine the factors which influence the consumer to buy with
satisfaction.

In the world day by day competition is growing different car Manu factures are
entering into India because there is a lot of market for them. The economic situation of
the people is also becoming better day by day. The middle-class people are also going to
buy the cars. Therefore, in order to grasp the market share, it is important to know the
consumer buying behavior. The analysis of consumer behavior is one of the most
important keys to successful marketing. It is because the buyer behavior is very useful in
determining the form, style, packing brand, trademark etc., of the products. Thus, an
understanding of buyer behavior is essential in marketing planning and programmers.

The present study concentrates upon consumer buying behavior towards

12
 CHAPTER – 2
COMPANY PROFILE

13
 TOYATO MOTOR CARS.
COMPANY PROFILE

This chapter presents a brief profile of the organization in terms of its history,
mile stones, facts, figures and products.

TOYATO MOTOR COMPANY PROFILE

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered
in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937.
Toyota is the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, producing about 10 million vehicles per
year.
The company was originally founded as a spinoff of Toyota Industries, a machine maker started
by Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro's father. Both companies are now part of the Toyota Group, one of the
largest conglomerates in the world. While still a department of Toyota Industries, the company
developed its first product, the Type A engine, in 1934 and its first passenger car in 1936, the Toyota
AA.
After World War II, Toyota benefited from Japan's alliance with the United States to learn from
American automakers and other companies, which gave rise to The Toyota Way (a management
philosophy) and the Toyota Production System (a lean manufacturing practice) that transformed the
small company into a leader in the industry and was the subject of many academic studies.
In the 1960s, Toyota took advantage of the rapidly growing Japanese economy to sell cars to a growing
middle-class, leading to the development of the Toyota Corolla, which became the world's all-time best-
selling automobile. The booming economy also funded an international expansion that allowed Toyota to
grow into one of the largest automakers in the world, the largest company in Japan and the ninth-largest
company in the world by revenue, as of December 2020. Toyota was the world's first automobile
manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year, a record set in 2012, when it also
reported the production of its 200 millionth vehicle. By September 2023, total production reached 300
million vehicles.
Toyota was praised for being a leader in the development and sales of more fuel-efficient hybrid electric
vehicles, starting with the introduction of the XW10 Toyota Prius in 1997. The company now sells more
than 40 hybrid vehicle models around the world. More recently, the company has also been criticized for
being slow to adopt all-electric vehicles and focusing on the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles,
like the Toyota Mirai, a technology that is costlier and has fallen far behind electric batteries.
As of 2022, the Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under four
brands: Daihatsu, Hino, Lexus and the namesake Toyota. The company also holds a 20% stake in Subaru
Corporation, a 5.1% stake in Mazda, a 4.9% stake in Suzuki, a 4.6% stake in Isuzu, a 3.8% stake
in Yamaha Motor Corporation, and a 2.8% stake in Panasonic, as well as stakes in vehicle manufacturing
joint-ventures in China (FAW Toyota and GAC Toyota), the Czech Republic (TPCA), India (Toyota
Kirloskar) and the United States (MTMUS).
Toyota is listed on the London Stock Exchange, Nagoya Stock Exchange, New York Stock
Exchange and on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, where its stock is a component of the Nikkei
225 and TOPIX Core30 indices.

14
In 1924, Sakichi Toyoda invented the Toyoda Model G Automatic Loom. The principle of judoka, which
means the machine stops itself when a problem occurs, became later a part of the Toyota Production
System. Looms were built on a small production line. In 1929, the patent for the automatic loom was
sold to the British company Platt Brothers, generating the starting capital for automobile development.
Under the direction of the founder's son, Kiichiro Toyoda, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works established
an Automobile Division on September 1, 1933, and formally declared its intention to begin
manufacturing automobiles on January 29, 1934. A prototype Toyota Type A engine was completed on
September 25, 1934, with the company's first prototype sedan, the A1, completed the following May. As
Kiichiro had limited experience with automobile production, he initially focused on truck production; the
company's first truck, the G1, was completed on August 25, 1935, and debuted on November 21 in
Tokyo, becoming the company's first production model. Modelled on a period Ford truck, the G1 sold
for ¥2,900, ¥200 cheaper than the Ford truck. A total of 379 G1 trucks were ultimately produced.
In April 1936, Toyoda's first passenger car, the Model AA, was completed. The sales price was ¥3,350,
¥400 cheaper than Ford or GM cars The company's plant at Kariya was completed in May. In July, the
company filled its first export order, with four G1 trucks exported to northeastern China. On September
19, 1936, the Japanese imperial government officially designated Toyota Automatic Loom Works as an
automotive manufacturer.

The 1936 Toyota AA, the first vehicle produced by the company while it was still a department of
Toyota Industries
Vehicles were originally sold under the name "Toyoda", from the family name of the company's
founder, Kiichiro Toyoda. In September 1936, the company ran a public competition to design a new logo. Of
27,000 entries, the winning entry was the three Japanese katakana letters for "Toyoda" in a circle.
However, Rizaburo Toyoda, who had married into the family and was not born with that name, preferred
"Toyota" because it took eight brush strokes (a lucky number) to write in Japanese, was visually simpler
(leaving off the diacritic at the end), and with a voiceless consonant instead of a voiced one (voiced
consonants are considered to have a "murky" or "muddy" sound compared to voiceless consonants, which
are "clear").
Since Toyoda literally means "fertile rice paddies", changing the name also prevented the company from
being associated with old-fashioned farming. The newly formed word was trademarked and the company
began trading on August 28, 1937, as the Toyota Motor Company Ltd. Kiichiro's brother-in-law Rizaburo
Toyoda was appointed the firm's first president, with Kiichiro as vice-president. Toyota Automatic Loom
Works formally transferred automobile manufacturing to the new entity on September 29
The Japanese government supported the company by preventing foreign competitors Ford and General
Motors from importing automobiles into Japan.
At the onset of World War II, Toyota almost exclusively produced standard-sized trucks for the Japanese
Army, which paid one-fifth of the price in advance and the remainder in cash upon delivery.

15
Press Shop
A computer-controlled line that converts sheet metal to body panels with
high dimensional accuracy and consistency.

Body Shop
It is a hi-tech line that builds full body shells from panels. Automated robotic arms are
used for intricate welding operations that ensure superior and consistent build quality.

16
Paint Shop
It is one of the most modern paint shops in the country and uses the environment friendly
water-based process for superior and lasting exteriors.
A unique process management system followed here helps us deliver the most extensive
color range, independent of minimum batch requirements, helping customers get their
preferred color anytime.

17
 Assembly Shop
In Assembly Shop all the engine and suspension parts, the electrical parts, the under-
body parts etc. are fitted into the car. The cars go through complete testing in the
Assembly Shop.
The Assembly Shop comprises the Trim Line, the Chassis Line, the Final Line and
the OK Line


Engine & Transmission Shop
One of the biggest engine shops in the country, this unit is equipped with the most
modern tooling and testing facilities to make a wide range of engines in-house.

TOYATO MOTOR INDIA

Toyota Motor Corporation entered India in 1997 in a joint venture with the Kirloskar Group. Toyota
Motor Corporation (TMC) holds 89% of the share and the remaining 11% is owned by Kirloskar
Group. It is based in Bidadi, Karnataka, near Bengaluru.
The company released its first product in the Indian automotive market with the launch of the Qualis in
2000. Occupying the multi utility vehicle (MUV) segment, sales of the model grew within a short span
of 2 years to capture 20 per cent market share from established local manufacturers such
as Toyato and Tata Motors. In 2002 and 2003, Toyota introduced the Camry and Corolla respectively.
In 2005, TKM launched the Innova to replace the Qualis, which is based on a modern IMV platform.
Later, new models were introduced including the IMV series Fortuner SUV in 2009 and Hilux pickup
truck in 2022. To support the new products, the sales and service network was developed further from 22
outlets in 2000 to 166 in 2011, and 359 in 2019.

18
Under the Entry Family Car (EFC) project, TKM started producing the Etios in 2010 as the company's
first entry-level model. Production of the vehicle created more than 2,000 jobs at TKM's newly-built
second plant and approximately 500 jobs at Toyota Kirloskar Auto Parts Private Limited.
In 2017, Toyota introduced its luxury brand Lexus in the country

Toyota Kirloskar Motor Pvt Ltd

Company type Joint venture

Industry Automotive

Founded 6 October 1997; 26 years ago,

Headquarters Bidadi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Key people Masakazu Yoshimura

(Managing Director)[1]

Products Automobiles

Production output 142,500 units (2016)

 Toyota Motor Corporation (89%)

Owner
 Kirloskar Group (11%)

Number of 7,000
employees

Website www.toyotabharat.com

Suzuki partnership
Toyota started considering its partnership agreement with Suzuki in the Indian market in 2016. In 2017,
both companies agreed to market electric vehicles in the country. In 2018 and 2019, Toyota outlined its
initial plan for the partnership with Suzuki, including receiving supply of Baleno, Vitara
Brezza, CIA and Artigas models from Suzuki, and supplying the Corolla to Suzuki. Plans also included
production of the Suzuki-developed SUV at TKM from 2022 and the production of hybrid electric
vehicles in India. In 2019, TKM released the Glanz as a rebadged Baleno, and the Urban Cruiser as a
rebadged Vitara Brezza in 2020. In 2022, TKM released the Urban Cruiser Herder, which is developed
by Suzuki, produced by TKM while incorporating the Toyota Hybrid System.

19
Manufacturing facilities
TKMPL's current plant at Bidadi, Karnataka is spread across 850 acres and has a capacity of 110,000
vehicles per annum. TKMPL's second manufacturing plant on the outskirts of Bengaluru, Karnataka has
a capacity of 210,000 vehicles per annum. Total production capacity is 320,000 vehicles per annum. On
16 March 2011, it announced that it was increasing production to 210,000 vehicles per annum due to
increase in demand for its models especially the Etios and Fortuner.

Industrial relations
On 16 March 2014, Toyota Kirloskar Motor temporarily suspended the production at two of its assembly
plants in Bidadi, Karnataka whose production capacity was 310,000 units annually and has employee
strength of 6,400. Cause for the shutdown was failure to reach an agreement with the union over the
issue of wages, deliberate stoppages of the production line by certain sections of the employees and
abusing & threatening of supervisors thereby disrupting the production for the past 25 days. Toyota
Kirloskar Motor announced on 21 March 2014 to lift the lockout at the plants effective from 24 March
2014 with subject to an acceptance of a service condition which requires all the employees signing an
undertaking on good conduct. On 22 April 2014, employees called off the strike after 36 days of standoff
and resumed full operations.

Etios motor racing

Toyota India started an One make racing series in India with the Etios car called the 'Etios Motor Racing
Series'. The series started in 2012, it witnessed an overwhelming response from the Indian youngsters,
with 3300 applicants. They held 2 rounds of exhibition races in 2012, one at a purpose-built race track in
Chennai called the Sriperumbudur race track and other in the form of ROC (Race of champions) in
Gurgaon. The 25 selected drivers then competed in the main championship held in the latter half of 2013.
The cars were prepared by Red Rooster Performance (based in Bangalore), and designed by TRD
(Toyota Racing Development). With stock engines producing almost 100 bhp, the cars were a good
platform for youngsters to step from karting to touring cars. Also, the relatively cheaper budget of just
$3216 for the entire series which includes an entire OMP racing kit makes it one of the best one-make
series to compete in.

20
Models
Toyota

Current model
Indian
Model introducti Notes
on Update/
Introduction
facelift

Hatchback

2022 (second Rebadged from

Glanza 2019 —
generation) Suzuki Baleno

GLANZA

Sedan

Strong
Camry 2002 2019 (XV70) 2022 hybrid powertr
ain is standard
CAMRY

SUV/crossover

Rebadged from
Urban Suzuki Grand
Cruiser 2022 (first Vitara
2022 —
Hyryde generation) Strong hybrid
r powertrain is
URBAN CRUISER optional
HYRYDER

21
 2016
Fortun
2009 (AN150/AN16 2021 —
er
0)

FORTUNER

Land Imported from

2010 2023 (J300) —
Cruiser Japan

LAND CRUISER

MPV

Rumio 2023 (second Rebadged from

2023 —
n generation) Suzuki Ertiga

RUMION

Innova
2016 2016 (AN140) 2023
Crysta

INNOVA CRYSTA

Innova 2023 2023 (AG10) — Strong hybrid

Hycros powertrain is
s optional

22
INNOVA HYCROSS

Strong hybrid
powertrain is
Vellfire 2020 2023 (AH40) — standard.
Imported from
Japan

VELLFIRE

Pickup truck

Hilux 2022 2022 (AN120) —

HILUX

23
 Current model
Indian
Model introducti Notes
on Update/
Introduction
facelift

Sedan

Strong
hybrid powert
ES 2015 2019 (XZ10) 2021
rain is
standard.
ES

Strong
hybrid powert
rain is
LS 2017 2017 (XF50) 2020
standard.
Imported from
LS Japan

Sports car

Strong hybrid
powertrain is
L 2017 (First
2017 — standard.
C generation)
Imported from
Japan
LC

SUV/crossover

Strong hybrid
powertrain is
optional.
N
2020 2022 (AZ20) — Second
X
generation
imported from
Japan.
NX

Strong hybrid
2023 powertrain is
R
2015 24 (ALA10/ALH — standard.
X
10) Imported from
Japan
RX
Discontinued models
Toyota

Model Released Discontinued Image

Qualis 2000 2005

Corolla Altis 2003 2020

Land Cruiser Prado 2004 2020

25
 Innova 2005 2016

Prius 2010 2020

Etios 2010 2019

Etios Liva 2011 2019

Etios Cross 2014 2016

Yaris 2018 2021

26
 Urban Cruiser 2020 2022

The Kirloskar Group has contributed to the industrialisation of India for more than a century. Established
as the manufacturer of India's first iron plough, the group has continued to live up to its core philosophy
of developing indigenous technology and industry. The monumental affiliation with Toyota Motor
Corporation in 1997 further attests our determination to work towards the growth of the Indian industry.
Toyota has constantly and consistently exhibited its relentless commitment to add value through its
world-class systems and processes. We look forward to further strengthening our relationship with
Toyota by creating more investment and employment opportunities in India.

CHAPTER - 3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
27
28
Past production vehicles

 Toyota 1000 (1969–1981, also sold as the Publica in Japan)

 Toyota 1900 (1960–1964)
 Toyota 2000 (1973–1979, UK market version of the T100 Corona)
 Toyota 2000GT (1967–1970)
 Toyota AA (1936–1943)
 Toyota AB (1936–1943)
 Toyota AC (1943–1947)
 Toyota AE (1941–1943)
 Toyota Allex (2001–2006, hatchback version of Corolla E120, successor of Sprinter Cielo)
 Toyota Altezza (1998–2005, also sold as the Lexus IS)
 Toyota Altezza Gita (1998–2005, wagon version of Altezza)
 Toyota Aristo (1991–2005, also sold as the Lexus GS)
 Toyota Aurion (2006–2017)
 Toyota Auris (2006–2020)
 Toyota Avensis (1997–2018)
 Toyota Avensis Verso (2001–2009, Europe, Australia and New Zealand version of the Ipsum)
 Toyota Aygo (2005–2021)
 Toyota BA (1940)
 Toyota Bandeirante (1962–2001, Brazilian built Toyota Land Cruiser J40)
 Toyota bB (2000–2016, sold as the Scion xB in the United States from 2003 to 2007)
 Toyota Belta (2005–2016, also known as Yaris sedan or Vios in other markets)
 Toyota Blade (2006–2012, upscale trim version of the Auris)
 Toyota Blizzard (1980–1990, rebadge of Daihatsu Taft and Daihatsu Rugger)
 Toyota Brevis (2001–2007)
 Toyota Briska (1967–1968, pickup truck, continuation of Hino Briska, predecessor to Hilux)
 Toyota Caldina (1992–2007)
 Toyota Cami (1997–2005, more commonly sold as Daihatsu Terios)
 Toyota Camry Coupe (1991–1996, coupe version of the XV10 Camry)
 Toyota Camry Solara (1999–2008)
 Toyota Carina (1970–2000)
 Toyota Carina E (1992–1998)
 Toyota Carina ED (1985–1998)
 Toyota Carina FF (1984–1988)
 Toyota Carina Surf (1982–1992, wagon version of Carina)
 Toyota Carina II (1984–1992)
 Toyota Celica (1970–2006)
 Toyota Celica Camry (1980–1982)
 Toyota Celica Supra (1978–1985)
 Toyota Celica XX (1978–1985)
 Toyota Celsior (1989–2005, also sold as the Lexus LS)
 Toyota Chaser (1977–2000)
 Toyota Classic (1996)
 Toyota Comfort (1995–2017)
 Toyota Corolla Ceres (1992–1999, sister car of Sprinter Marino)
 Toyota Corolla II (Japanese version of Tercel)
 Toyota Corolla Levin (1972–2000, sport coupe version of Corolla, sister product of Sprinter
Trueno)
 Toyota Corolla Rumion (2007–2015, also sold as the Scion xB from 2007 to 2016 and in
Australia as the Rukus)
29
 Toyota Corolla Spacio (1997–2007)
 Toyota Corolla Sprinter (1968–1970)
 Toyota Corolla SR5 (1983–1987)
 Toyota Corolla Verso (2001–2009)
 Toyota Corona (1957–2000)
 Toyota Corona EXiV (1989–1998)
 Toyota Corona Mark II (1968–2004, also known as the Mark II)
 Toyota Corona SF (1992–1996, liftback version of the Corona for the Japanese market)
 Toyota Corsa (1978–1999, Japanese version of the Tercel)
 Toyota Cressida (1973–1992)
 Toyota Cresta (1980–2001)
 Toyota Crown Comfort (1995–2017)
 Toyota Crown Majesta (1991–2018)
 Toyota Curren (1994–1998)
 Toyota Cynos (1991–1999)
 Toyota DA (1936–1940, bus)
 Toyota Duet (1997–2004, rebadged Daihatsu Storia)
 Toyota Echo/Platz (2000–2005)
 Toyota Esquire (2014–2021)
 Toyota Estima/Previa (1990–2019)
 Toyota Etios (2010–2023)
 Toyota FA (1954–1978)
 Toyota FJ40 (1960–1984)
 Toyota FJ Cruiser (2006–2022)
 Toyota Fun Cargo (2000–2004)
 Toyota Gaia (1998–2004)
 Toyota Grand HiAce/Granvia (1999–2002)
 Toyota Hilux Surf (1983–2009, Japanese version of the 4Runner)
 Toyota Ipsum/Picnic (1995–2009, also sold as the Toyota Picnic from 2001, also sold as
the Toyota Avensis Verso)
 Toyota iQ (2008–2016, also sold as the Scion iQ)
 Toyota Isis (2004–2017, successor of Gaia)
 Toyota ist (2002–2016), also sold as the Scion xA in the United States and Toyota xA in the
Middle East)
 Toyota Kijang (1977–2004, known as Condor/Qualis/Revo/Stallion/Tamaraw/Unser/Zace outside
Indonesia)
 Toyota Lexcen (1989–1992, Australia, rebadged Holden Commodore)
 Toyota Light Stout (1960–1978)
 Toyota Macho (1960–1984, Venezuela-built Land Cruiser J40)
 Toyota Mark II (1968–2004, also known as the Corona Mark II)
 Toyota Mark II Blit (2002–2007)
 Toyota Mark II Qualis (1997–2002, upmarket version of Camry Gracia wagon)
 Toyota Mark X (2004–2019)
 Toyota Mark X ZiO (2007–2013)
 Toyota Massy Dyna (1969–1979, four-ton cab-over truck)
 Toyota Master (1955–1956, also called the RR)
 Toyota MasterAce (1982–1991)
 Toyota Masterline (1962–1967)
 Toyota Matrix (2002–2014)
 Toyota Mega Cruiser (1996–2002)
 Toyota MiniAce (1967–1975)
 Toyota Model F (1984–1989, also called the Van, Tarago, Space Cruiser)
30
 Toyota MR2 (1984–2005)
 Toyota MR-S (1999–2007, Japanese version of the W30 MR2)
 Toyota Nadia (1998–2003)
 Toyota Opa (2000–2005)
 Toyota Origin (2000)
 Toyota Paseo (1991–1999, also sold in some markets as the Toyota Cynos)
 Toyota Passo (2004–2023, a rebadge of Daihatsu Boon)
 Toyota Pixis Joy (2016–2023, a rebadge of Daihatsu Cast)
 Toyota Pixis Space (2011–2017, a rebadge of Daihatsu Move Conte)
 Toyota Pixis Mega (2015–2022, a rebadge of Daihatsu Wake)
 Toyota Porte/Spade (2004–2020)
 Toyota Premio/Allion (2001–2021)
 Toyota Prius c (2011–2021)
 Toyota Prius v/+/α (2011–2021)
 Toyota Progres (1998–2007)
 Toyota Pronard (2002–2004, also called the Toyota Avalon)
 Toyota Publica (1961–1978)
 Toyota Qualis (1986–2004, Toyota Kijang sold in India and Nepal)
 Toyota QuickDelivery (1982–2016)
 Toyota Ractis (2005–2017)
 Toyota Raum (1997–2011)
 Toyota Regius (1997–2002, same as Toyota Hiace)
 Toyota Revo (1998–2004)
 Toyota RH (1953–1955, also called the Super)
 Toyota RK (1953, small truck)
 Toyota RR (1955–1956, also called the Master)
 Toyota SA (1947–1952)
 Toyota Sai (2009–2017)
 Toyota SB (1947–1952, small truck)
 Toyota Scepter (1991–1996, North American Camry sold in Japan)
 Toyota SD (1949–1951)
 Toyota Sera (1990–1995)
 Toyota SF (1951–1953)
 Toyota SG (1952, small truck)
 Toyota Soarer (1981–2005, also sold as the Lexus SC)
 Toyota Solara (1999–2008)
 Toyota Soluna (variant of the Tercel made in Thailand and sold in Asia, 1996–2003)
 Toyota Space Cruiser (1984–1989, UK version of the Van/Tarago/Model F)
 Toyota Sparky (2000–2003, a rebadge of Daihatsu Atrai 7)
 Toyota Sports 800 (1965–1969)
 Toyota SportsVan (1995–2009, Danish built Ipsum)
 Toyota Sprinter (1968–2000, sister car of Corolla)
 Toyota Sprinter Carib (1984–2002, sister car of Corolla wagon)
 Toyota Sprinter Cielo (1987–1991, sister car of Toyota Corolla (E90) liftback)
 Toyota Sprinter Marino (1991–1998)
 Toyota Sprinter Trueno (1972–2000, sport coupe version of Sprinter, sister product of Corolla
Levin)
 Toyota Stallion (1981–2004, African built version of the Kijang)
 Toyota Starlet (1973–1999)
 Toyota Stout (1962–198x)
 Toyota Su-Ki (1943–1944, military vehicle built for World War II)

31
  Toyota Succeed (2002–2020, integrated to Probox)
 Toyota SunChaser (1979–1981, targa-top convertible version of the Celica built by Griffith)
 Toyota Super (1953–1955, also called the RH or RHD)
 Toyota T100 (1993–1998, North America)
 Toyota Tamaraw (1998–2005, Philippines built version of the Toyota Kijang)
 Toyota Tank (2016–2020)
 Toyota Tarago (1983–2019)
 Toyota Tercel (1978–1999)
 Toyota Tiara (1960–1964, name used for the Corona RT20 sold on the international market)
 Toyota ToyoAce (1954–2020)
 Toyota Type 73 (1973, used as a military transport vehicle for Japan)
 Toyota Urban Cruiser (2020) (2020–2022, rebadged Suzuki Vitara Brezza)
 Toyota Van (1984–1989, North America, also called the Model F/Space Cruiser/Tarago)
 Toyota VanWagon (1982–1991)
 Toyota Verossa (2001–2003)
 Toyota Verso (2009–2018)
 Toyota Verso-S (2010–2017, European built Ractis)
 Toyota Vienta (1995–2000) (Australian market variant of the Toyota Camry)
 Toyota Vista (1982–2003)
 Toyota Vitz (1999–2019)
 Toyota Voltz (2002–2004 in Japan, sold as the Pontiac Vibe 2002–2009 in the USA)
 Toyota Windom (1989–2007, also sold as the Lexus ES)
 Toyota Wish (2003–2017, sold in Hong Kong and Singapore])
 Toyota Yaris (DJ/DL) (2016—2020, sold in North America, also sold as the Scion iA)
 Toyota Yaris Verso (2000–2004)
 Toyota Zelas (2010–2016, also sold as the Scion tC)

TOYATO MOTOR SALES IN INDIA

 Bangalore, 1st February 2024: Toyota Kirloskar Motor (TKM), continued to demonstrate a strong
wholesales performance by selling 24,609 units for January of 2024 - this is the highest ever
monthly wholesales for the company in India. The company achieved sales of 23,197 units in the
domestic market, with an additional 1,412 units of The Urban Cruiser Hyryder being exported.
 This achievement represents a significant growth of 92% compared to the same period last year,
when the company sold 12,835 wholesale units. Furthermore, in the preceding month of
December’ 2023 TKM had sold 22,867 units.
 Commenting on the performance, Mr. Sabari Manohar – Vice President, Sales-Service-Used Car
Business, Toyota Kirloskar Motor said, “Last Calendar Year we reported our best performance in
the country by selling 2,33,346 units. In the new year, we plan to enhance momentum by
executing our long-term growth strategy. This involves our focus on three key areas such as -
developing cleaner and greener products, driving production efficiencies and enhancing overall
customer delight. We believe that these will be the core towards further enhancing Toyota brand
presence and capitalizing on the expanding opportunities in the market.
 Sales in the month of January ’2024 stood at a record high wholesale of 24,609 units, 92% higher
than same period last year. The company’s MPV and SUV offerings continue to be our greatest
strength with major contributions from the Innova Hycross, Urban Cruiser Hyryder, Innova
Crysta, Fortuner and the Legender. Other offerings such as the Camry Hybrid, Glanza, Hilux,
Vellfire and the Rumion too have fueller ur growth story.

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 Board of directors

 Chairman: Akio Toyoda (since April 2023)

 Vice chairman: Shigeru Hayakawa
 President & CEO: Koji Sato (since April 2023)
 Members:
o Takeshi Uchiyamada
o James Kuffner
o Kenta Kon
o Masahiko Maeda
o Ikuro Sugawara
o Sir Philip Craven
o Teiko Kudo
List of former chairmen
In 1950, Toyota was split into Toyota Motor Co. and Toyota Motor Sales Co. (sales arm of Toyota); the
two companies merged in 1982 to create one unified company, with then-Toyota Motor Co. President
Eiji Toyoda becoming chairman. Chairmen listed prior to 1982 below were for the pre-merger Toyota
Motor Co. only.

1. Rizaburo Toyoda (1937–1948)

2. Taizo Ishida (1948–1952)
3. Shoichi Saito (1952–1959)
4. Masaya Hanai (1959–1982)
5. Eiji Toyoda (1982–1994)
6. Shoichiro Toyoda (1994–1999)
7. Hiroshi Okuda (1999–2006)
8. Fujio Cho (2006–2013
9. Takeshi Uchiyamada (2013–2023)
List of former presidents
Similar to the chairman position, in 1982 the then-Toyota Motor Sales Co. President Shoichiro Toyoda
becoming President. President's listed prior to 1982 below were for the pre-merger Toyota Motor Co.
only.

1. Rizaburo Toyoda (1937–1941)

2. Kiichiro Toyoda (1941–1950)
3. Taizo Ishida (1950–1961)
4. Fukio Nakagawa (1961–1967)
5. Eiji Toyoda (1967–1982)
6. Shoichiro Toyoda (1982–1992)
7. Tatsuro Toyoda (1992–1995)
33
 8. Hiroshi Okuda (1995–1999)
9. Fujio Cho (1999–2005)
10. Katsuaki Watanabe (2005–2009)
11. Akio Toyoda (2009–2023)

Product line

Best-selling Toyota and Lexus

nameplates globally, FY2021

Rank
Sales
in Model
(thousands of units)
Toyota

1 Toyota Corolla 1,312

2 Toyota RAV4 980

3 Toyota Yaris 743

4 Toyota Camry 685

5 Toyota Hilux 605

6 Toyota Highlander 466

7 Toyota Tacoma 268

8 Toyota C-HR 235

9 Toyota Levin 221

10 Lexus RX 199

34
As of 2009, Toyota officially lists approximately 70 different models sold under its namesake brand,
including sedans, coupes, vans, trucks, hybrids, and crossovers. Many of these models are produced as
passenger sedans, which range from the subcompact Toyota Yaris, compact Corolla, to mid-
size Camry and full-size Avalon. Minivans include the Innova, Alphard/Vellfire, Sienna, and
others. Several small cars, such as the xB and tC, were sold under the Scion brand.

SUVs and crossovers

Toyota C-HR

Toyota RAV4

Toyota SUV and crossover line-up grew quickly in the late 2010s to 2020s due to the market shift to
SUVs. Toyota crossovers range from the subcompact Yaris Cross and C-HR, compact Corolla
Cross and RAV4, to midsize Harrier/Venza and Kluger/Highlander. Other crossovers include
the Raize, Urban Cruiser. Toyota SUVs range from the midsize Fortuner to full-size Land Cruiser. Other
SUVs include the Rush, Prado, FJ Cruiser, 4Runner, and Sequoia.
Pickup trucks

Toyota Hilux (global)

Toyota Tacoma (US/Canada)

Toyota first entered the pickup truck market in 1947 with the SB that was only sold in Japan and limited
Asian markets. It was followed in 1954 by the RK (renamed in 1959 as the Stout) and in 1968 by the
compact Hilux. With continued refinement, the Hilux (simply known as the Pickup in some markets)
became famous for being extremely durable and reliable. Extended cab and crew cab versions were
eventually added, and Toyota continues to produce them today under various names depending on the
market in various cab lengths, with gasoline or diesel engines, and 2WD and 4WD versions.
35
In North America, the Hilux became a major model for the company, leading the company to launch
the Tacoma in 1995. The Tacoma was based on the Hilux, but with a design intended to better suit the
needs of North American consumers who often use pickup trucks as personal vehicles. The design was a
success and the Tacoma became the best-selling compact pickup in North America.
After the success of its compact Hilux pickups in North America, Toyota decided to enter the full-size
pickup market, which was traditionally dominated by domestic automakers. The company introduced
the T100 for the 1993 US model year. The T100 had a full-size 8-foot (2.4 m) long bed, but suspension
and engine characteristics were similar to that of a compact pickup. Sales were disappointing and the
T100 was criticized for having a small V6 engine (especially compared to the V8 engines common in
American full-size trucks), lacking an extended-cab version, being too small, and too expensive (because
of the 25% tariff on imported trucks).[125] In 1995, Toyota added the more powerful V6 engine from the
new Tacoma to the T100 and also added an extended cab version. [125] In 1999, Toyota replaced the T100
with the larger Tundra, which would be built in the US with a V8 engine and styling that more closely
matched other American full-size trucks.
Luxury vehicles
See also: Lexus

Toyota Crown RS (fifteenth generation, S220; 2018)

In the Japanese home market, Toyota has two flagship models: the Crown premium sedan and
the Century limousine.
In the 1980s, Toyota wanted to expand its luxury car offerings but realized that existing Japanese-market
flagship models had little global appeal and could not compete with established brands such as
Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Jaguar or the Acura and Infiniti marquees being launched by Japanese
competitors.
Before the decade was out, Toyota introduced Lexus, a new division that was formed to market and
service luxury vehicles in markets outside of Japan. The company developed the brand and its vehicles in
secret since August 1983, at a cost of over US$1 billion. The Lexus LS flagship full-size sedan debuted
in 1989 to strong sales, and was largely responsible for the successful launch of the Lexus marque.
Subsequently, the division added sedan, coupé, convertible and SUV models.
The Lexus brand was introduced to the Japanese market in 2005, previously all vehicles marketed internationally as
Lexus from 1989 to 2005 were released in Japan under the Toyota marque.
Buses
The Toyota Coaster is a minibus introduced in 1969 that seats 17 passengers. The Coaster is widely used
in Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Australia, but also in the developing world for minibus operators
in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, the Caribbean, and South America to operate as public
transportation.

Technology
Hybrid electric vehicles
36
The Toyota Prius, flagship of Toyota's hybrid technology, is the world's best-selling hybrid car.
Toyota is the world's leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, one of the largest companies to
encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe, and the first to commercially
mass-produce and sell such vehicles, with the introduction of the XW10 Toyota Prius in 1997. The
company's series hybrid technology is called Hybrid Synergy Drive, and it was later applied to many
vehicles in Toyota's product lineup, starting first with the Camry and the technology was also brought to
the luxury Lexus division.
As of January 2020, Toyota Motor Corporation sells 44 Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models
in over 90 countries and regions around the world, and the carmaker has sold over 15 million hybrid
vehicles since 1997. The Prius family is the world's top-selling hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle name
plate with almost 4 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017.

Hydrogen fuel-cell

The Toyota Mirai fuel-cell vehicle The Toyota SORA fuel-cell bus
In 2002, Toyota began a development and demonstration program to test the Toyota FCHV,
a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the Toyota Highlander production SUV. Toyota also built a
FCHV bus based on the Hino Blue Ribbon City low-floor bus. Toyota has built several
prototypes/concepts of the FCHV since 1997, including the Toyota FCHV-1, FCHV-2, FCHV-3, FCHV-
4, and Toyota FCHV-adv. The Toyota FCV-R fuel cell concept car was unveiled at the 2011 Tokyo
Motor Show. The FCV-R sedan seats four and has a fuel cell stack including a 70 MPa high-pressure
hydrogen tank, which can deliver a range of 435 mi (700 km) under the Japanese JC08 test cycle. Toyota
said the car was planned for launch in about 2015.
In August 2012, Toyota announced its plans to start retail sales of a hydrogen fuel-cell sedan in
California in 2015. Toyota expects to become a leader in this technology The prototype of its first
hydrogen fuel cell vehicle will be exhibited at the November 2013 Tokyo Motor Show, and in the United
States at the January 2014 Consumer Electronics Show.
Toyota's first hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles to be sold commercially, the Toyota Mirai (Japanese for
"future"), was unveiled at the November 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show. In January 2015, it was
announced that production of the Mirai fuel cell vehicle would increase from 700 units in 2015 to
approximately 2,000 in 2016 and 3,000 in 2017. Sales in Japan began on December 15, 2014, at a price

37
of ¥6,700,000 (~US$57,400). The Japanese government plans to support the commercialization of fuel-
cell vehicles with a subsidy of ¥2,000,000 (~US$19,600) Retail sales in the U.S. began in August 2015
at a price of US$57,500 before any government incentives. Initially, the Mirai will only be available in
California. The market release in Europe is slated for September 2015, and initially will be available
only in the UK, Germany, and Denmark, followed by other countries in 2017. Pricing in Germany starts
at €60,000 (~US$75,140) plus VAT (€78,540).
In 2015, Toyota released 5,600 patents for free use until 2020, hoping to promote global development of
hydrogen fuel-cell technology.
Since the mid-2010s, Toyota has increased its focus on building hydrogen powered trucks. It first
showcased a heavy-duty semi-truck tractor in 2017and in 2023 announced a kit to convert existing
diesel-powered truck engines to use hydrogen. In late 2022, the company signed an £11.3
million government deal with the UK's Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to help
it develop a hydrogen-powered Hilux pickup truck.

Plug-in hybrids

Second-generation Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid

The Prius Plug-In Hybrid Concept was exhibited in late 2009, and shortly after, a global demonstration
program involving 600 pre-production test cars began. The vehicles were leased to fleet and government
customers, and were equipped with data tracking devices to allow Toyota to monitor the car's
performance. The vehicle was based on the third-generation Toyota Prius and outfitted with two
additional lithium-ion batteries beyond the normal hybrid battery pack. The additional batteries were
used to operate the car with minimal use of the internal combustion engine until they are depleted, at
which point they are disengaged from the system. They are not used in tandem with the main hybrid
battery pack.
After the conclusion of the demonstration program, the production version of the Prius Plug-in
Hybrid was unveiled in September 2011. The production Prius Plug-in had a maximum electric-only
speed of 100 km/h (62 mph), and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rated the
vehicle as having an range of 18 kilometres (11 mi) in blended mode (mostly electric, but supplemented
by the internal combustion engine). Toyota ultimately only did a small production run with 75,400
vehicles being produced between 2012 and 2016.
The second-generation Prius Plug-in (renamed the Prius Prime in the US) was unveiled in early
2016. Unlike the prior generation, where the plug-in battery was limited by being added to the existing
Prius, this model would be developed in tandem with the fourth-generation Prius, allowing Toyota to
increase the range to 40 kilometres (25 mi), with a top speed of 135 km/h (84 mph), without needing the
assistance of the internal combustion engine. The second-generation Prius Plug-in went on sale starting
in late 2016, with Toyota expecting to sell up to 60,000 units globally per year.
A second plug-in hybrid model, the Toyota RAV4 PHV (RAV4 Prime in the US) was unveiled in
December 2019. The vehicle has an EPA-estimated 68 kilometres (42 mi) of all-electric range and

38
generates a combined 225 kilowatts (302 hp), enabling it to be Toyota's second fastest car currently in
production (behind the GR Supra 3.0 sports car) Sales started in mid-2020.
Battery electric vehicles

Toyato bZ4X
Toyota has been criticized for being slow to add battery electric vehicles to its lineup. It has been
publicly skeptical of battery-electric vehicles, instead focusing on hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles,
and actively lobbying against government mandates to transition to zero-emissions vehicles.
As of 2023, only a small proportion of the vehicles the company sells are of battery electric, which has
prompted criticism by some environmental and public interest groups. The company plans to increase its
sales of electric vehicles to 3.5 million per year by 2030. However, the company has stated that it
believes other technologies, including hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, will continue to play a role
in the future of the company.
Toyota created the first generation Toyota RAV4 EV (Electric Vehicle) as a compliance car after
the California Air Resources Board mandated in the late 1990s that every automaker offer a zero-
emissions vehicle. A total of 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California from 1997 to 2003, when the
state dropped its mandate under legal pressure from lawsuits filed by automakers
A second generation of the RAV4 EV was developed in 2010 as part of a deal with Tesla. The
production version was unveiled in August 2012, using battery pack, electronics and powertrain
components from Tesla. The RAV4 EV had a limited production run with just under 3,000 vehicles
being produced, before it was discontinued in 2014. According to Bloomberg News, the partnership
between Tesla and Toyota was "marred by clashes between engineers".
Starting in 2009, Toyota introduced three generations of concept electric vehicles called the FT-EV built
on a modified Toyota iQ platform. In late-2012, the company announced plans build a production
version of the car called the Toyota iQ EV (Scion iQ EV in the US, Toyota eQ in Japan), but ultimately
production was cut back to 100 cars for special fleet use in Japan and the U.S. only.
In late 2012, Toyota announced that it would back away from fully electric vehicles, after producing less
than 5,000. At the time, the company's vice chairman, Takeshi Uchiyamada, said: "The current
capabilities of electric vehicles do not meet society's needs, whether it may be the distance the cars can
run, or the costs, or how it takes a long time to charge."
A shift in Toyota's formerly battery-agnostic posture could be seen as early as 2016, when Toyota's CFO
Takahiko Ijichi “sent a strong signal that Toyota soon plans to jump on the battery bandwagon and make
electric cars despite expressing skeptical views about their range and charging times,” as the Wall Street
Journal wrote. Toyota said it would make and sell battery-electric vehicles if and where regulations and
markets demand.
A year later, Toyota outlined its electric-vehicle plans for between 2020 and 2030 to the press in Tokyo,
saying it would introduce "more than 10" battery-electric vehicles worldwide by the early 2020s,
beginning in China, and later in Japan, Europe, the US and India.
In April 2019, Toyota introduced the C-HR EV, its first mass-produced pure electric model in China
along with an identical twin called the IZOA EV. It went on sale in April 2020 and May 2020
39
respectively. Nikkei reported in October 2020 that Toyota had only sold less than 2,000 units in the first
eight months of the year.
Toyota introduced the C+pod in late 2020, a 2-seater kei car with an estimated range of 100 kilometres
(62 mi) and a top speed of 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph).
In December 2020, Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda stated that electric cars are excessively "hyped" and that,
in Japan, they would not necessarily reduce carbon dioxide emissions since electricity is mostly
generated by burning coal and natural gas in the country. He also said that the infrastructure needed for
Japan to switch fully to EVs would cost between $135 billion and $358 billion and switching only to
EVs would cost millions of jobs and make cars less affordable
In April 2021, Toyota revealed the bZ4X, an electric crossover SUV that will be the first vehicle built on
a dedicated electric platform called e-TNGA when it goes on sale in mid-2022. It is the first model of
the bZ ("beyond Zero") series of battery electric vehicles. The company has also stated that there will be
seven "bZ" models to be launched globally out of 15 BEV models by 2025.
In June 2021, Transport & Environment ranked Toyota as the least ready OEM to transition to battery
electric vehicles by 2030, stating: "Toyota has not set a target for 2030 and it plans to produce just 10%
BEVs in 2025. It is expected to rely on polluting hybrid technologies.

Akio Toyoda shows prototypes of 15 BEVs during Toyota's briefing on BEV strategies in December
2021.
In December 2021, Toyota announced in Tokyo plans for 30 battery-electric models by 2030, to sell 3.5
million BEVs per year by that date, and that its premium-brand Lexus will be 100% battery-operated by
2030 in North America, Europe, and China. The company announced investments of $70 billion into the
company's electrification.
In a session in parallel with the G-7 Meeting 2023 May, Akio Toyoda said that battery electric vehicles
are not solely the future, instead offering a mix of battery electric, internal combustion engine-equipped
and hydrogen cars.
Toyota has been developing solid-state batteries in partnership with Panasonic, in which the company
has more than a thousand patents covering solid-state batteries by late 2020. The technology has been
implemented on the Toyota LQ concept. Toyota hopes the technology could increase efficiency of
battery electric vehicles by 30 percent, which in turn would reduce battery costs by the same amount.

40
Autonomous vehicles

Toyota e-Palette
Toyota is also regarded as lagging when it comes to developing smart car technology. Although the
company unveiled its first self-driving test vehicle in 2017, and has been developing its own self-driving
technology named "Chauffeur" (intended for full self-driving) and "Guardian" (a driver assist system),
neither of these has been introduced into any production vehicles.
The company had set up a large research and development operation by 2018, spending almost US$4
billion to start an autonomous vehicle research institute in California's Silicon Valley and another ¥300
billion on a similar research institute in Tokyo that would partner with fellow Toyota Group companies
and automotive suppliers Aisin Seiki and Denso.
Toyota has also been collaborating with autonomous vehicle technology developers and, in some cases,
purchasing the companies. Toyota has acquired the autonomous vehicle division of ride-hailing
service Lyft for $550 million, invested a total of US$1 billion in competing ride-hailing service Uber's
self-driving vehicle division, invested $400 million in autonomous vehicle technology company Pony.ai,
and announced a partnership with Chinese electronics e-commerce company Cogobuy to build a "Smart
Car Ecosystem.
In December 2020, Toyota showcased the 20-passenger "e-Palette" shared autonomous vehicle, which
saw its first major use at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Toyota has announced it intends to have
the vehicle available for commercial applications before 2025.
Since February 2021, Toyota has been building the "Woven City" which it calls a "175-acre high tech,
sensor-laden metropolis" at the foot of Mount Fuji. When completed in 2024, the Woven City will be
used to run tests on autonomous vehicles for deliveries, transport and mobile shops, with the city's
residents participating in the living laboratory experiment.
Motorsports

The Toyota TS050 Hybrid that won the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans, preserved with dirt from the race
Toyota has been involved in many global motorsports series, providing vehicles, engines and other auto
parts under both the Toyota and Lexus brands.

41
Toyota Gazoo Racing (GR) is Toyota's performance brand that is used in many of the world's major
motorsports contests. Toyota Gazoo Racing Europe, based in Cologne, Germany, competes in the FIA
World Endurance Championship, while the Finland-based Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT participates in
the FIA World Rally Championship. Toyota Gazoo Racing South Africa competes in the Dakar Rally.
Between 2002 and 2009, the Toyota Racing team competed in Formula One. Toyota won the highest
class of the 24 Hours of Le Mans 5 consecutive times from 2018 to 2022, competing with the Toyota
TS050 Hybrid and Toyota GR010 Hybrid.
Toyota Racing Development USA (TRD USA) is responsible for participation in major motorsports
contests in the United States including NASCAR, NHRA, Indy Racing League and Formula Drift.
Toyota also makes engines and other auto parts for other Japanese motorsports including Super
Formula, Super GT, Formula 3, and Toyota Racing Series.
testing.

42
 CHAPTER- 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

43
 DATA ANALYSIS

1. Do own a car?
Responses No. of Percentage
respondents
Yes 44 88
No 6 12

Possession of cars

12%

88%

Yes No

INTERPRETATION :
The question revealed that, of the 50 respondents only 44 of them owns the car
whereas rest 6 do not possess car

44
2. How did you aware of different brands of cars?

Media Percentage
Newspaper 82
Magazines 64
Advertisements 100
and tv
Trade and fairs 20
Friends 80
Family 64
members
others 46

INTERPRETATION:
Of the different media, TV Advertisement ranked top in creating brand awareness
among the perceptual mindset of the customers, which in turn effects the buying
behavior of a customer

45
3. What are the factors effecting consumer buying?
Special Survey Percentage
features customers
Culture 6 12
Social status 10 20
Life style 16 32
Psychological 9 18
factors
Reference 9 18
group

percentage

18% 12%

20%
18%

32%

culture social status lifestyle

psychological factor reference group

INTERPRETATION:
The above graph shows that 12% of the surveyed customers use the product due to
cultural factors, 20% of the surveyed customers use the product due to social status
factors, 32% of the surveyed customers use the product due to the life style factors,
18% of the surveyed customers use the product due to the psychological factors,18%
of the surveyed customers use the product due to the reference group factors.

46
4. Do you prefer Toyato?
Responses No. of Percentage
respondents
Yes 45 90
No 5 10

Prefernce

10%

90%

Yes No

INTERPRETATION:
The question revealed that, of the 50 respondents only 45 of them prefer Toyato
whereas rest 5 don’t prefer Toyato

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5. Are you planning to purchase a latest model car?
Responses No. of Percentage
respondents
Yes 30 60
No 20 40

Responses

40%

60%

Yes No

INTERPRETATION:
The above graph reveals that, of the 50 respondents only 30 of them wants to purchase
latest model car & 20 of the don’t wants to change

48
6. Which of the following technical features do you accept from your new car doesn’t
exist in your old cars?
Technical Yes No
features
High engine 100 0
power
High fuel 95 5
efficiency
Brakes 100 0
Tires and 80 20
wheels
Power steering 98 2
Suspension 100 0
Power window 80 20

INTERPRETATION:
In terms of technical features expectations of respondents , it was found that all
technical features are expected by customers.

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7. Are you satisfied with after sales services of your car?
Responses No. of Percentage
respondents
Yes 50 100
No 0 0

Service satisfaction level

100%

Yes No

INTERPRETATION:
From the above graph we can see that the consumer are highly satisfied with sales and
services of the company

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8. What is your preferred milage in car?
Responses No. of Percentage
respondents
13 kmpl 4 8
16kmpl 8 16
18kmpl 20 40
20kmpl 10 20
22kmpl 8 16

No. of respondents
10%

24%

19%

48%

13kmpl 16kmpl 18kmpl 20kmpl 22kmpl

INTERPRETATION:
In the above graph we can see that 18kmpl got the most majority so Toyato gives
milage 18kmpl it’s a very good number

51
9. Which Toyota car you are currently using?

Car type No. of responses

Toyota Innova 13
Toyota Etios 12
Toyota Fortuner 10
Toyota Etios Liva 2
Toyota Corolla Altis 5
Toyota Land Cruiser 1
Toyota Camry 3
Toyota Prius 0
Toyota Van 4

car type

3%
17%

40%
7%

33%

Toyota etios Toyota fortuner Toyota etios liva Toyota corolla altis Toyota land cruiser

INTERPRETATION:
On asking the respondents on which Toyota cur they are currently using it was found that "Toyota
Innova" was the most preferred car because of its large seating capacity and lower price is compared to
other cars in this segment, also this is the most preferred cat for Taxi purpose, it was followed by "Etios"
which is family car, followed by "Fortuner" which is a premium segment car.

52
 12. Who is the decision maker of this car at the time of purchase?
DECISION MAKER NO. OF RESPONSES

I took the decision myself 11

I and my family(spouse) 18

My parents were the decision maker 21

Decision Maker
I took the decision
myself
22%

My parents were the

decision maker
42%

I and my family(spouse)
36%

INTERPRETATION:
At the time of purchasing the car, 42% of the respondents said that their parents were the decision
makers followed by 36% of people who said that they and their spouse took the decision at the time of
purchase and 22% said that they took the decision themselves.

53
 CHAPTER- 5
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

54
 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

 Firstly, the data reveals that consumers exhibit a diverse range of preferences and considerations
when choosing a car. Factors such as brand image, comfort, safety, and quality play significant
roles in influencing their decisions (Page 46). This highlights the importance of brand reputation
and perceived value in the minds of consumers. It also underscores the critical role that safety and
comfort features play in the overall appeal of a car to potential buyers.

 Moreover, the data indicates that consumers have specific expectations when it comes to their
cars' performance and efficiency. The preference for finance schemes over cash for purchasing
cars suggests a desire for flexibility in payment options (Page 46). Additionally, the emphasis on
mileage expectations of 15 – 17 KM per liter reflects consumers' concerns about fuel efficiency
and operating costs (Page 46). These insights underscore the importance of cost-effectiveness and
convenience in the decision-making process for car buyers.

 Furthermore, the data provides valuable information about consumer demographics and usage
patterns. The preference for personal use over commercial purposes indicates that most
consumers view cars as a means of individual mobility rather than for business or taxi services
(Page 46). Additionally, the data on the number of travelers in cars and the preferred mode of
payment offer insights into consumers' lifestyle choices and financial preferences.

 In addition to car-related preferences, the data also touches upon consumer behavior in other
industries, such as the construction sector. The questions about cement preferences and
construction materials reveal that consumers prioritize factors like quality, cost, and strength
when making decisions about building materials (Page 62). This information suggests that
consumers are discerning and value-driven in their choices across different product categories.

 Overall, the data paints a comprehensive picture of consumer attitudes and behaviors towards car
purchases and related industries. It highlights the multifaceted nature of consumer decision-
making, influenced by factors such as brand perception, safety considerations, financial
preferences, and lifestyle needs. Understanding these nuances is crucial for companies like
TOYOTA MOTOR CARS to tailor their marketing strategies and product offerings to meet
consumer expectations effectively.

55
 SUGGESTIONS:

1. Improve the mileage of Toyato Motor Cars.

2. Maintain the proper availability of spare parts in the show room.

3. Maintain quick delivery of new Toyato Cars.

4. Toyato company needs to take the following improvement in the ACCENT Car.

 Mileage and pickup.

 Back seat should be increased.

5. Toyato Motor Company should introduce a multi-utility purpose vehicle and sub
premium cars.

6. LEXUS is dominating in Toyato products; hence dealer has to promote the sales
of other products.

7. The TOYATO MOTOR INDIA Company should not change the model
frequently, because the OLD / NEW Customers/buyers, will suffer of new designs
by thinking their car as an out dated.

56
BIBLIOGRAPHY

57
REFERANCE

 Toyato motors wiki - Search (bing.com)

 Toyota - Wikipedia

 History of Toyota | Trajectory of Toyota | Company | Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global
Website

 Company History - Toyota USA Newsroom

 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION GLOBAL WEBSITE | 75 Years of TOYOTA | Company

Profiles | Toyota Motor Corporation (toyota-global.com)

 Toyota Car Models List | Complete List of All Toyota Models

 Toyota Motor Corporation | History & Facts | Britannica

 New Cars, Trucks, SUVs & Hybrids | Toyota Official Site

58
 QUESTIONNAIRE

1) What made you buy Glanza?

a. Recommendation

b. loyalty towards Toyota

c. Specification

d. Best in-segment price

2) Since how long you own Glanza?

a. <6 months

b. >1.years and <3years

c. >6months and<1.years

d. >3 years

3) When you finalize Glanza what are the alternatives?

a. Maruti Suzuki

b. Skoda

c. Toyato

d. others

4) From which dealership you purchased Glanza?

a. concept

b. Shivalik

c. planet

d. others

5) You purchase Glanza buy?

a. cash

b. finance

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