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DC CIRCUITS - Methods of Analysis (Part 1)

1. Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as variables. It involves writing Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node and setting them equal to 0. 2. To use nodal analysis, we write simultaneous equations for the node voltages based on applying KCL at each node. These equations can then be solved to find the unknown node voltages. 3. Nodal analysis can be applied to circuits with voltage sources in supernodes by including the voltage source terms in the KCL equations for the supernode.

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Will Tedjo
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19 views

DC CIRCUITS - Methods of Analysis (Part 1)

1. Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node voltages as variables. It involves writing Kirchhoff's current law equations at each node and setting them equal to 0. 2. To use nodal analysis, we write simultaneous equations for the node voltages based on applying KCL at each node. These equations can then be solved to find the unknown node voltages. 3. Nodal analysis can be applied to circuits with voltage sources in supernodes by including the voltage source terms in the KCL equations for the supernode.

Uploaded by

Will Tedjo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHODS OF ANALYSIS (1)

Introduction, Nodal Analysis


Introduction

Having understood the fundamental laws of circuit theory (Ohm’s law


and Kirchhoff’s laws), we are now prepared to apply these laws to
develop two powerful techniques for circuit analysis: nodal analysis,
which is based on a systematic application of Kirchhoff’s current law
(KCL), and mesh analysis, which is based on a systematic application of
Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL).

With the two techniques to be developed in this chapter, we can analyze


almost any circuit by obtaining a set of simultaneous equations that are
then solved to obtain the required values of current or voltage.
Nodal Analysis

Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits


using node voltages as the circuit variables.
Example

1. Calculate the node voltages in the circuit below.


Solution
At node 1
𝑣1 𝑣1 − 𝑣2
+ −5=0
2 4
1 1 1
+ 𝑣 − 𝑣 =5
2 4 1 4 2
v2 3𝑣1 − 𝑣2 = 20 (1)
v1
At node 2
𝑣2 𝑣2 − 𝑣1
+ + 5 − 10 = 0
6 4
1 1 1
− 𝑣1 + + 𝑣2 = 5
4 6 4
−3𝑣1 + 5𝑣2 = 60 (2)
Add Equation (1) and (2)

3𝑣1 − 𝑣2 = 20
−3𝑣1 + 5𝑣2 = 60
+
4𝑣2 = 80

𝑣2 = 20 V

Subtitute v2 to Equation (1)

3𝑣1 − 20 = 20

𝑣1 = 13,33 V
2. Find the simultaneous equations for node voltages in the circuit below.

v2
v1 v3
Solution

v2
v1 v3

At node 1

1 1 1 1
+ 𝑣 − 𝑣 − 𝑣 −3=0
2 4 1 2 2 4 3
3 1 1
𝑣1 − 𝑣2 − 𝑣3 = 3
4 2 4
3𝑣1 − 2𝑣2 − 𝑣3 = 12
v2
v1 v3

At node 2
1 1 1 1 1
− 𝑣1 + + + 𝑣2 − 𝑣3 = 0
2 2 4 8 8
1 7 1
− 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 − 𝑣3 = 0
2 8 8

−4𝑣1 + 7𝑣2 − 𝑣3 = 0
v2
v1 v3

At node 3
1 1 1 1 𝑣1 − 𝑣2
− 𝑣1 − 𝑣2 + + 𝑣 +2 =0
4 8 4 8 3 2
3 9 3
𝑣1 − 𝑣2 + 𝑣3 = 0
4 8 8

2𝑣1 − 3𝑣2 + 𝑣3 = 0
3. For the circuit shown in figure below, find the node voltages.
Solution
Voltage source in the supernode

−𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = 2 (1)

Applying KCL to the supernode


1 1
𝑣1 + 𝑣2 − 2 + 7 = 0
2 4
1 1
𝑣 + 𝑣 = −5
2 1 4 2
2𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = −20 (2)
Suctract Equation (2) from (1)

−𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = 2
2𝑣1 + 𝑣2 = −20

−3𝑣1 = 22

𝑣1 = −7,33 V

Subtitute v1 to Equation (1)

− −7,33 + 𝑣2 = 2

𝑣2 = −5,33 V
4. For the circuit shown in figure below, find the simultaneous equation
for the node voltages.
Solution

Applying KCL to the supernode

Voltage source KCL at supernode


−𝑣2 + 𝑣3 = 2 (1) 1 1 1
− 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 + 𝑣3 + 7 = 0
10 10 4
KCL at node 1
2 2 5
1 1 1 − 𝑣1 + 𝑣2 + 𝑣3 = −7
+ 𝑣1 − 𝑣2 − 2 = 0 20 20 20
2 10 10
−2𝑣1 + 2𝑣2 + 5𝑣3 = −140 (3)
6𝑣1 − 𝑣2 = 20 (2)

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