Ægjbmn

Jnsmrbpmbýg jn ai khth jn ai phrtiji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Bgkhrfimbýg jn ahs jnrnm`hs jn iuthr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :
Fitnrbians qun mhfpanfngtig nstn abdrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

Mipætuah—Anmmbýg
^gbjij 9? Na aæjnr mhfh pnrshgi (]nr? Ah qun ug aæjnr N])
9 Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
9 Ai gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4 Na mhrizýg jna aæjnr? ug mhrizýg aangh jna ifhr jn Jbhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
= Ai gnmnsbjij jn ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?9-=5 Fitnh 44?=;-:<5 Thfighs 9=?0-9:). . . . . . . =4
: Ai hdnjbngmbi jna ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. \irtn 9 (Ouig 9:?9>, 4=-4:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =3
> Ai hdnjbngmbi jna ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. \irtn 4 (Ouig 9:?9>, 4=-4:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :=

4 Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ><
; Na ifhr ns pimbngtn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?: G[B). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >9
3 Na ifhr ns dngbcgh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >;
0 Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;<
2 Na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh5 ns `ufbajn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;>
9< Na ifhr gh `imn giji bgjndbjh, (gh sn mhfphrti mhg rujnzi) gh dusmi ah suyh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>). . . . . 39

= Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

99 Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh? mubji, mhfpirtn y sbrvn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
94 Na ifhr gh sn brrbti? primtbmi na jhfbgbh prhpbh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0>
9= Na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr? pnrjhgi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2<
9: Na ifhr gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi? sn chzi jn ai vnrjij (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?;5 >?9-0). . . . . . . . . . . . . 2;
9> Na ifhr thjh ah shphrti? gugmi sn rbgjn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<9

: Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh . . . 99<
9; @ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi (Fitnh >?;). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
994
93 Na pngsifbngth nspbrbtuia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992
90 Nstujbh, fnjbtimbýg, njumimbýg mhgtbgui, prnjbmimbýg, ngsnùigzi y ngtrngifbngth. . . . . . . . . . . . . 94:
92 Zridioh, nonrmbmbh, jbnti, rnphsh y rnmrnimbýg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9=9

^gbjij 4? Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr

> Ais jbs
bsmb
mbp
pabgi
abgiss ns
nsp
pbr
brbt
btu
uia
ians
ns jna aæ
aæjn
jnrr pir
piri prh
rhtn
tncn
cnrr i su kikif
fbab
abii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:9:44
4< [ngzi ai ifngizi jna jbstigmbifbngth ng su kifbabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:=

>

49 [ngzi ai ifngizi jna ijuatnrbh ng su kifbabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9><

 44 [ngzi ai ifngizi jna jnségbfh ng su kifbabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9>3
4= [ngzi ai ifngizi jn ai ifircuri ng su kifbabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;=

; Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 934

4: ]ni iprngjbz5 imhstÿfdrnsn i vnr ais mhsis jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi. . . . . . . . . . . 93=
4> ]ni mhfprngsbvh5 nvbtn mrbtbmir, ouzcir y ircufngtir
ircufngtir.. Bgtngtn mhfprngjnr
mhfprngjnr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
4; ]ni ifbcidan5 mhrtâs, ifidan y dhgjijhsh. Auzmi ugi shgrbsi gh ug mnùh krugmbjh. . . . . . . . . . . . 900
43 ]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92=

3 Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<<

40 ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y iufngtn ah phsbtbvh. . . . . . . . . 4<9
42 ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi. . . . . . . . . . 4<;
=< ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
=9 ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
=4 ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti. . . . . . . . . . . 444

Jngbmbhgns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=4
Dbdabhcrikæi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=:
Ghtis gians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=0
Absti jn tnxths dædabmhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:4

Ipâgjbmn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4::
Na paig jn siavimbýg jn Jbhs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:>

Absti jn kbcuris
Kbcuri 9.9 Fhbsâs mhgjuoh ia pundah jn ai nsmaivbtuj jn Ncbpth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Kbcuri 9.4 Ng thjhs ahs gbvnans jn ai mrnimbýg jn Jbhs, ng na mbnah y ng ai tbnrri, vnfhs aæjnrns y sncubjhrns. . 92
Kbcuri 9.= Ai punrti nstrnm`i y ai punrti igm`i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Kbcuri 9.> ]bg aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, ai `ufigbjij min ng ug bgkbnrgh ntnrgh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4=
Kbcuri 9.; Ng ai bsai jn \itfhs, Ouig, igmbigh y nxbabijh piri fhrbr mhfh ug mrbfbgia, tuvh fum`is vbsbhgns. . 4:
Kbcuri 9.3 Ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig ng trns érnis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4:
Kbcuri 9.99 Ais pnrshgis sn pirnmng fum`h i ugi munrji. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4;
Kbcuri 9.9: Onsÿs prhkntbzý qun ng ahs ÿatbfhs jæis? ‑na ifhr jn fum`hs sn ngkrbiré‖ (Ft 4:?94). . . . . . . . . =:
Kbcuri 9.9> ^g chgc ji ug igugmbh shdrbh qun iairfi i ahs hæjhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =>
Kbcuri 9.9; Na fngsion qun ngvbifhs i trivâs jna ifhr baustri na nvigcnabh qun prnjbmifhs. . . . . . . . . . =>
Kbcuri 9.90 Jhs mifbghs mhrrng i ah airch jna igtbcuh pimth y jna gunvh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =2
Kbcuri 9.92 Idri`if kun ug crig aæjnr, muyi kn y ifhr phr Jbhs sn figbknstirhg phr fnjbh jn su hdnjbngmbi. . :<
Kbcuri 9.4< \iri bgtnrprntir i ahs prhkntis (Jt 43”=<). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :9
Kbcuri 9.44 Thfighs 9?9-3 y Thfighs 9;?4>-43 shg mhfh jhs ‑suonti abdrhs jna nvigcnabh‖. . . . . . . . . . :9
Kbcuri 9.4> Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ugi jn ais fum`is rizhgns phr ais qun ais Nsmrbturis sn rnkbnrng
rnkbnrng i Jivbj
mhfh ‑ug virýg mhgkhrfn i su mhrizýg‖ (9 ] 9=?9:5 @m` 9=?44). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :3
Kbcuri 4.9 \idah fngmbhgi jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr (9 Mh 9=?:-3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ><
Kbcuri 4.4 Ais muiabjijns jna ifhr shg tig `nrfhsis mhfh ahs mhahrns jna irmhærbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . >9
Kbcuri 4.= Na ifhr tbngn ugi fnm`i airci y `ÿfnji, gh mhrti gb snmi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >:
Kbcuri 4.: Idri`if Abgmhag nri ug prnsbjngtn mhghmbjh phr su pimbngmbi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >:
Kbcuri
Kbcuri 4.3 Na rny
rny Thdhif,
Thdhif, na `boh
`boh jna
jna rny
rny ]iahfýg,
]iahfýg, kun mruna mhg na pundah
pundah ia qun
qun Jbhs
Jbhs ah aaifý i abjnrir abjnrir.. . . . >0
Kbcuri 4.99
4.99 ^g pnrrh mhjbmbhsh
mhjbmbhsh sbgtbý
sbgtbý ngvbjbi jna
jna `unsh jn htrh
htrh pnrrh qun
qun vnæi rnkanoijh
rnkanoijh ng ais icuisicuis jn ug ræh.. ræh.. ;=
Kbcuri
Kbcuri 4.9: Muitrh ivns shg
shg mhghmbjis
mhghmbjis phr su hrcuaah?
hrcuaah? na ciaah,
ciaah, na pivh,
pivh, na pivh
pivh rnia
rnia y na urhciaah
urhciaah nrbzijh.
nrbzijh. . . . ;;
Kbcuri 4.9; Na pnz cahdh nxpigjn virbis vnmns su tifiùh ghrfia y nsté siturijh jn vngngh. . . . . . . . . . . ;;
Kbcuri
Kbcur
Kbcuri 4.93 Ahs
i 4.90 Onsÿs fhgtý
aæjnr
aæjnrns ug phaabgh
ns hrcuaa
hrcuaahshs (ugmhfh
hshs shg isgh
mhfh naohvng),
cith hkrnmbâgjhsn
cith qun sn
sn fbridi ingBsrina
fbridi ug nsmhfh
pnoh yrny
ug nspnoh vnæjn
i ipiz.
vnæi ug . g.
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ;0
ug anýg.
aný ;0
Kbcuri 4.92 Mbgmh pnmijhs jn Jbýtrnkns qun sn nxtbngjng jnsjn ug mngtrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;2
Kbcuri =.: ‑Gh fbrigjh miji ugh phr ah suyh prhpbh, sbgh miji muia tifdbâg phr ah jn ahs htrhs‖ (Kba 4?
4?:). . . . 0:
Kbcuri =.3 Crijhs jn ai bri, jnsjn na miangtifbngth `isti ai nduaabmbýg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0;
Kbcuri =.0 Muigjh ugi fhknti h zhrrbaah sn shdrnsiati, anvigti ai mhai y rhmæi ah qun prhjumn ug tnrrbdan hahr. hahr. . 0;
Kb
Kbcu
curi
ri =.2
=.2 @iy
@iy mmui
uitr
trh
h jbr
jbrnm
nmmb
mbhg
hgns
ns i ais
ais qun
qun ugi
ugi pnrs
pnrshg
hgii ngh
nghoi
oiji
ji punj
punjn n jbr
jbrbc
bcbr
brsn
sn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
Kbcuri =.9< Mhfh aæjnrns, qun na Nspærbtu ]igth prhjuzmi ng ghshtrhs ai fijurnz y ais `idbabjijns
piri abjbir mhg ai bri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
Kbcuri =.9: Na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2>
Kbcuri =.9> Abjnrn mhg na ifhr qun pnrjhgi. Gh sni mhfh na gbùh qun sn figtngæi jnsngtnrrigjh
ug pnrrh funrth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2>
Kbcuri =.4< Na sufh simnrjhtn aanvidi shdrn su mhrizýg na pnmthria qun rnprnsngtidi ais jhmn trbdus jn Bsrina. 9<=
Kbcuri =.49 \rbfnri Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3 pirnmn snr ug *qubisfh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<:

Kbcuri :.9Ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr (9 Mh 9=?:-3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99<

Kbcuri :.4Na paig jn Jbhs piri ahs aæjnrns y sus sncubjhrns ns qun mrnzmifhs
mrnzmifhs i ai snfnoigzi jn Onsÿs. . . .99<
Kbcuri :.;Na siafbsti ghs cuæi i migtir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99=
Kbcuri :.3Mhfh ugi fhgtiùi rnbgi shdrn ais mhabgis y ais aaiguris, isæ gunstri `ifdrn y snj jn Jbhs
jndng
jnd ng snr
snr iati
iatiss y nanv
nanviji
ijis,
s, chdn
chdnrgi
rgigjh
gjh shdrn
shdrn thjh
thjhss gunst
gunstrhs
rhs jnsnhs
jnsnhs fnghrnfnghrns. s. . . . . . . . . 99:
Kbcuri :.0 Firæi nsmhcbý ah ÿgbmh gnmnsirbh ng ai vbji? sngtirsn i ahs pbns jn Onsÿs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 99;
Kbcuri :.2 Miangjirbh trbfnstria jn prnjbmimbýg piri ngtrngir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. . . . . . 940
Kb
Kbcu
curi
ri :.9<
:.9< Mnrt
Mnrtbkbkbm
bmij
ijh
h jn
jn kkbg
bgia
iabz
bzim
imbý
býg
g pir
piri
i ahs
ahs fb
fbnf
nfdr
drhs
hs jn ai mh
mhgc
gcrn
rnci
cimb
mbýg
ýg.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 942
Kbcuri :.99
:.99 Mnrtbkbmijh phr ahs nstujbhs
nstujbhs jna Gunvh Znstifngth
Znstifngth piri ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg
qun ug aæjnr mipimbti piri na snrvbmbh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9=<

Kbcuri :.94 Ahs pioirbths sn phsig ng sus gbjhs mhg na pbmh idbnrth pbigjh piri qun iacubng ahs iabfngtn. . . 9=9
Kbcuri :.
: .9= ¡Mhfi fés vncntians! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9=:
Kbcuri
Kbcuri :.9: Na ichtifbn
ichtifbngth
gth ns ug
ug pnabcrh,
pnabcrh, bgjnpngjbngt
bgjnpngjbngtnfngt
nfngtnn jn ai jbfngsb
jbfngsbýg
ýg jn su fbgbstn
fbgbstnrbh.
rbh. . . . . . . . 9=>
Kbcuri :.9> Ghs mrnnfhs fés jn ah qun shfhs y jbsfbgubfhs ia Jbhs Zhjhphjnrhsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9=;
Kbcuri >.
>.9 Ais trns érnis jna abjnrizch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:4
Kbcuri >.4 Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jn ahs mýgyucns piri prhtncnr i ai kifbabi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9:4
Kbcuri >.: Jndbjh ia pnrjýg, ah qun pujh snr ug fia rnmunrjh, sn mhgvbrtbý ng ugh dungh. . . . . . . . . . 9:2
Kbcuri >.> Zngci mubjijh muigjh ustnj hdsnrvi snùians nxtnrgis qun an ijvbnrtng jn ug pnabcrh snxuia. . 9>4
Kbcuri >.; Zngci mubjijh muigjh vni snùians bgtnrgis qun an ijvbnrtng jn ug pnabcrh snxuia. . . . . . . . 9>4
Kbcuri >.0 Mbgmh gnmnsbjijns jn ai fiyhræi jn ahs `hfdrns y jn ais fuonrns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9>:
Kbcuri >.2 Iug na @boh jn Jbhs thfý tbnfph piri jnsmigsir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;<
Kbcuri >.9< Onsÿs shstbngn i sus fngsionrhs (cr. (cr. igcnahs) ng su jbnstri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9;4
Kbcuri >.99 I ai njij jn ;0 iùhs ug aæjnr thjivæi rnmhrjidi mýfh ahs ijuaths ah bgvhaumrirhg ng na fbgbstnrbh. .9;3

Kbcuri >.94 Zidai

ng naqun mhgtristi
`hcir. . . . .ahs
. .nxtrnfhs
. . . . . mhg
. . ais
. . 49
. . maisns
. . . .jn
. .muiabjijns
. . . . . .jn
. ug
. . aæjnr
. . . nspbrbtuia
. . . . . . . . . . . 9;2
Kbcuri ;.9 Jbnz piutis piri iprhvnm`ir ia féxbfh ahs prbgmbpbhs jn ais rnaimbhgns ng ais anmmbhgns 4:—=4. . . 934
Kbcuri ;.4 Ahs gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4). . . . . . . . . 93>
Kbcuri ;.= \iri abjnrir i ais pnrshgis jndnfhs
jndnfhs br ia pish jn naais, mhfprngjnr sus mrnngmbis
mrnngmbis
y sus sngtbfbngths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93>
Kbcuri ;.> Ahs qun iprngjng i vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htri pnrshgi ¡`imng jnsmudrbfbngths ishfdrhshs!. . 930
Kbcuri ;.; Cunrrnrhs fiséb i ai bzqubnrji y fuonrns i ai jnrnm`i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 930
Kbcuri ;.0 Ahs jbnz figjifbngths piri nsmum`ir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90<
(anmmbhgns 4:—=4). . . . . . . . . . . 904
Kbcuri ;.94 Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns
Kbcuri ;.9: Jivbj jigzidi fbngtris na Irmi rncrnsidi i Onrusiaâg (4 ] ;?94-4=). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90:
Kbcuri ;.9> ]bfnb mrbtbmý y fiajboh ia rny Jivbj. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90>
Kbcuri ;.9; Ai mrætbmi ns mhfh ug dufnrigc, ugi `nrrifbngti `nm`i jn fijnri h fntia. . . . . . . . . . . 90;
Kbcuri ;.93 Ai mrætbmi ns mhfh ug dufnrigc, nsti rncrnsi `isti na qun ai ngvbý. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90;
Kbcuri ;.49 Ahs gunvn prbgmbpb
prbgmbpbhs rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4). . . . . . . . . . . 902
hs piri mhgstrubr y figtngnr rnaimbhgns
Kbcuri ;.44 ¸Muéa jn nstis pnrshgis pirnmn ifbcidan8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902
Kbcuri ;.4> Figtngci ugi imtbtuj jn iaidigzi y ugi shgrbsi ng su rhstrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924
Kb
Kbcu
curi
ri ;.43
;.43 M`ir
M`iran
anss @.
@. ]
]pu
purc
rcnh
nhg
g aan
aanvý
vý i ugi
ugi kifb
kifbababi
i i Mr
Mrbs
bsth
th ia sn
snrr i
ifb
fbci
cida
dan.
n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92=
92=
rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4). . . . . . . . . . . . . 92:
Kbcuri ;.=< Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
Kbcuri
Kbcuri ;.=4
;.=4 Ng ugi
ugi rnaim
rnaimbýg,
býg, sni ai maisn
maisn jn pnrsh
pnrshgigi ng ai qun
qun htrhs
htrhs punjng
punjng sngtbr
sngtbr mhgkbi
mhgkbigzi
gzi.. . . . . . . . . 92;
Kbcuri ;.== Zhfn ai figh
figh jn ai pnrshgi i ai qun ifi, ifi, ng aucir jn nspnrir
nspnrir qun naai thfn ai suyi. . . . . . 92;
Kbcuri 3.9 Naæis miyý ng jnprnsbýg
jnprnsbýg jurigtn
jurigtn ug jæi miaurhsh,
miaurhsh, dioh
dioh ai shfdri jnaciji jn ug ug érdha
érdha jn
jn ngndrh.
ngndrh. . 4<<
Kbcuri 3.: Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4). . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<4
Kbcuri 3.2 Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4). . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<3
Kbcuri 3.9< ^g ohvng fbsbhgnrh iprngjbý ai bfphrtigmbi jn iprngjnrsn
iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis
i ais qun mhghmæi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<0
Kbcuri 3.99
3.99 Gunvn mhgsnohs piri rnmhrjir ghfdrns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<
Kbcuri 3.94 Mrnn ugi tidai jn punsths qun an iyujn i rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
499
9
Kbcuri 3.93 Ahs gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4). . . . . . . . . . . 49=
Kbcuri 3.90 Na fbsbhgnrh Fhgrhn Jivbj Crifs ans jnfhstridi su critbtuj i thjhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49:
Kbcuri 3.92 ^g rnciah jn icrijnmbfbngth, igbfý ia fbsbhgnrh fba vnmns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49:
Kbcuri 3.4< @iy ugi `bsthrbi jbvnrtbji shdrn ug mhmbgnrh qun ans sbrvbý `ngh i iacughs tridioijhrns. . . . . 49>
Kbcuri 3.4> Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4). . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
Kbcuri 3.40 Ai snùia jn ‑]BG ]IABJI‖ sbcgbkbmi qun ugi miaan kbgiabzi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<
Kbcuri 3.42 Muitrh maisns jn prncugtis jnkbmbngtns qun rnsuatig ng fiais rnspunstis. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<
Kbcuri 3.=: Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4). . . . . . . . . . . . . 44=

Imnrmi jn nstn abdrh

9. Ahs ttætu
ætuahs
ahs j
jnn ais aanmm
nmmbhg
bhgns
ns jbvbjng miji mipætuah ng virbis pirtns. Miji pirtn h anmmbýg ngkitbzi virbhs prbgmbpbhs
rnaimbhgijhs mhg ug shah tnfi. Gufnrifhs ais anmmbhgns mhgsnmutbvifngtn phr thjh na abdrh.
4. Ahs hhdon
dontbv
tbvhs
hs jn ai
aiss anm
anmmbhgns sn ngufnrig ia mhfbngzh jn miji mipætuah. Ijnfés, muigjh mhfbngzi ugi anmmbýg,
mbhgns
sn bgjbmi su hdontbvh. ^stnj vnré qun `iy phr ah fnghs ugi fnti piri miji anmmbýg.
=. Ai
Aiss pia
piaid
idri
riss ma
maiv
ivnn sn jngng ia gia jna abdrh ng ai snmmbýg tbtuaiji ‑Jngbmbhgns‖. Na sæfdhah * bgjbmi thjis ais
piaidris qun sn
sn jngng. \iri iyu
iyujir
jir i iacughs iaufghs, tifdbâg `nfhs jngbjh ugis muigtis ppiaidris
iaidris qun gh shg
piaidris maivn.
:. Fât
Fâthjh
hjh pir
pirii ngs
ngsnùi
nùir?
r? Nstis isbcgituris nstég jbsnùijis piri na fâthjh jbjémtbmh jn jnsmudrbfbngth cubijh. Nstn
fâthjh sn mhgmngtri ng na iaufgh, ng vnz jn ng na prhknshr. Muigjh nstn fâthjh sn usi ng ug iuai, na jbsmursh gh ns
gnmnsirbh. Fés dbng, ai fiyhræi jna tbnfph piri ai maisn sn jndn usir piri qun ahs iaufghs `idang jn ais prncugtis
ng ahs fércngns y jn ais prncugtis rnaimbhgijis jna prhknshr y jn ahs htrhs iaufghs. \hr ah fnghs 4> phr mbngth jn
ai ghti jna iaufgh jndn snr shdrn ah na qun na iaufgh `i tritijh jn mhgtnstir ais prncugtis igtns jn maisn.
Ns F^R bfphrtigtn qun miji iaufgh tngci su prhpbh abdrh. Igbfifhs i qun ahs bgstbtuths nxboig qun ahs iaufghs
 mhfprng su prhpbh abdrh jn tnxth ia fbsfh tbnfph qun picig su fitræmuai. Ns ugi pngi qun ahs iaufghs siacig
jna bgstbtuth sbg sus prhpbhs abdrhs, phrqun ahs gnmnsbtig piri ugi vbji ngtnri jn fbgbstnrbh. ]nr junùhs jna abdrh ans
pnrfbtn nsmrbdbr ghtis ng âa y sudriyir bjnis bfphrtigtns. Ijnfés, muigjh ahs iaufghs shg junùhs jn su abdrh gh
jnspnrjbmbig na tbnfph jn ai maisn piri mhpbir mhsis qun yi nstég nsmrbtis ng na tnxth. Fés dbng, pisig su tbnfph
`idaigjh jn ais prncugtis rnaimbhgijis mhg ai Dbdabi y na fbgbstnrbh.
Ng ug iuai na prhknshr y ahs iaufghs jndng ougths vngtbair bjnis shdrn ais prncugtis maivn. Ahs fnohrns prhknshrns
gugmi mhgtnstig sus prhpbis prncugtis. Iacughs iaufghs sn qunoirég ia prbgmbpbh muigjh na prhknshr ans nxboi qun
pbngsng, anig, n bgvnstbcu
bgvnstbcung
ng dusmigjh ais rnspunstis
rnspunstis.. \nrh ug dung prhknshr sidn qun aahs
hs gbùhs i ahs qqun
un sbnfprn sn
mircig gugmi iprngjng i mifbgir. R ahs iaufghs i ahs qun sbnfprn sn ans jig ais rnspunstis iprngjng i fnfhrbzir,
pnrh gh i pngsir gb i rnshavnr prhdanfis. Ng fum`is fignris, ug dung finstrh ns mhfh ug ngtrngijhr - qun cuæi
i ahs jnfés `imbi na âxbth.

Ais prncugtis
jbkæmbans piri ahsngiaufghs,
nsti isbcgituri shg punjn
na prhknshr mhfh `imnr
ug mifbgh qun fés
prncugtis aanvikémbans
jbrnmtifngtn
qun shg imhfh
ai fnti. ]b `imbi
crijis ais prncugtis shg fuy
ais prncugtis fés
jbkæmbans. Zifdbâg, na prhknshr jndn `imnr prncugtis qun cuæng i ahs iaufghs i ipabmir na tnxth i ahs isugths ahmians.
Mhg krnmungmbi, ug dung prhknshr iùijbré ugi `bsthrbi h baustrimbýg qun ngkitbmn ugi vnrjij piri ahs iaufghs.
>. @h
@hri
rirb
rbh?
h? Nsti isbcgituri jn ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg ns jn trns mrâjbths. \iri ugi isbcgituri jn bgstbtuth dædabmh, ns
dungh `imnr paigns piri :< `hris jn mhgtimth ngtrn na prhknshr y ahs iaufghs. Nsth pnrfbtn ugi anmmbýg piri ugi
`hri jn maisn.

;. Ai
Aiss pr
prnc
ncug
ugti
tis?
s? Ai fiyhræi jn ais prncugtis ng ahs fércngns sn bjngtbmig mhg ahs sæfdhah jn ug firtbaah y ug
maivh . Ais prncugtis shg pishs `imbi ugi fnti. Ia mhgtnstir ais prncugtis, na iaufgh nstiré sncurh jn iamigzir
ais fntis. Na firtbaah prnsngti ais prncug
prncugtis
tis jn mhgtngbjh y na maivh prnmnjn ais prncug
prncugtis
tis jn ipabmimbýg
ipabmimbýg.. Gunstrh
anfi piri nstn abdrh bgmauyn na firtbaah chapnigjh na maivh. Na iaufgh jndn mhfprngjnr na mhgtngbjh igtns jn phjnr
ipabmirah. Ais rnspunstis i thjis ais prncugtis jn mhgtngbjh nstég ng na tnxth, mnrmi jn ai prncugti. Igbfifhs i ahs
iaufghs i qun mhgtnstng ais prncugtis jn maivh h jn ipabmimbýg diségjhsn ng su ifdbngtn ahmia.

Ng iacughs
sæfdhah jn aiabdrhs sn ngmungtri
piai shg prncugtis na sæfdhah jn
bgjumtbvis. Ai ugi piaibgjumbrigtns
piaidri qubnrnjnjnmbr
mbnrtis prncugtis.
‑jbrbcbr‖. Nstis Ais prncugtis
prncugtis ougth
jbrbcng ia
i ahs
iaufghs i jnsmudrbr ai vnrjij phr sæ fbsfhs.

3. ]idbh? Ns
Nstn
tn sæfd
sæfdha
hahh ng na fi
firc
rcng
ng sb
sbcg
cgb
bmi
mi ug pr
prhv
hvnr
nrdb
dbhh h jbm`
jbm`hh sid
sidbh
bh..
0. Ai
Aiss baus
baustr
trim
imbh
bhgn
gnss mhfh `bsthrbis y nonfpahs, nstég prnmnjbjis phr na sæfdhah jn ugi vnai .

99

2. Ais curis bgmauyng baustrimbhgns, khths, muijrhs y fipis. Gufnrifhs ais curis ng hrjng i trivâs jn thjh na
mipætuah. \hr nonfpah, ais prbfnris trns curis jna mipætuah ugh nstég gufnrijis 9.9, 9.4, y 9.=. @iy ugi absti jn
fipis y muijrhs mnrmi jna krngtn jna abdrh.
9<. Ais prncugtis piri iuthnviauimbýg nstég bgjbmijis phr na sæfdhah jn ugi diaigzi y nstég ia gia jn miji
mipætuah. ]bnfprn `iy jbnz jn nstis prncugtis. Mhfh rncai, `iy jhs prncugtis jn nxifng piri miji hdontbvh jna
mipætuah. ]b ahs iaufghs kiaaig ng iacugi jn nstis prncugtis, gnmnsbtig mhfprngjnr phr quâ kiaairhg. ]idnr phr quâ
ugi rnspunsti ns mhrrnmti ns tig bfphrtigtn mhfh sidnr ai rnspunsti mhrrnmti.

99. Ia gia jn miji mipbtuah `iy Znfis piri ahs nxéfngns jn ngsiyh , bgjbmijhs phr na sæfdhah jn aépbz .
Ghtn qun nsths tnfis piri
piri ngsiyhs shg ahs hhdontbvhs
dontbvhs jna mipætu
mipætuah.
ah. Na nstujbigtn jnd
jndnn phjnr rnsufbr nsths hdo
hdontbvhs
ntbvhs
ng ><”9<< piaidris miji ugh. Nsths tnfis piri ngsiyhs nxifbgig i ahs nstujbigtns i ug gbvna fum`h fés iath qun
ais prncugtis jn snanmmbýg fÿatbpan jn ai snmmbýg Iuthnvia
Iuthnviauimbýg.
uimbýg.
94. Funstris jn rnspunstis i ais prncugtis jn firtbaah, iacughs mhfngtirbhs shdrn ais prncugtis jn maivh, rnspunstis
prncugtis piri iuthnviauimbýg y tnfis piri ahs nxéfngns jn ngsiyh sn ngmungtrig ng ai Cuæi jna \rhknshr.
piri ais prncugtis
Ahs iaufghs jndng mhgtnstir ais prncugtis piri mrnmnr y khrtianmnr sus `idbabjijns fngtians.

9=. Ais mbtis dædabmis shg jn ai vnrsbýg Tnbgi [ianri jn ai ]igti Dbdabi. Iacughs pisions shg jn ai Gunvi [nrsbýg
Bgtnrgimbhgia (G[B). Igbfifhs
Igbfifhs i ahs iaufghs i qun mhfpirng pisions dædabmhs ng virbis vnrsbhgns jn ai Dbdabi.
9:. Ai absti jn ahs tnxths dædabmhs bgmauyn rnknrngmbis dædabmis maivn jn nsti isbcgituri. ]n ngmungtri mnrmi jna gia
jna abdrh.

9>. Ai dbdabhcrikæi nsté mnrmi jn ai pécbgi jn ghtis gians. Ns ugi absti mhfpanti jn ahs abdrhs i ahs qun na iuthr `imn
rnknrngmbi ng nsti isbcgituri. Iacughs iaufghs qubzés qunrrég `imnr fés bgvnstbcimbýg ng nsths abdrhs.
9;. Ais ghtis gians sn ngmungtrig jngtrh jna tnxth mhfh pnqunùhs gÿfnrhs ng supnrægjbmn. Bjngtbmig ai kungtn jn
ahs pngsifbngths y mbtis. Nstég ngufnrijis phr mipætuah ia gia
 gia jna abdrh.
93. Ahs nxéfngns jn ugbjij y na nxifng gia sn ngmungtrig ng ai Cuæi jna \rhknshr. Ai Cuæi jna \rhknshr tifdbâg
mhgtbngn htris sucnrngmbis ÿtbans piri na prhknshr y phsbdans prhynmths piri ahs iaufghs.
90. Jnsmrbpmbýg jna mursh Abjnrizch 9. Ifhr i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis (FBG4<:4)? Dbngvngbjh i mhgvnrtbrsn ng na
aæjnr qun Jbhs
rnanvigtns `i paignijh
y imtbvbjijns qun ustnj sni.
jn iprngjbzion @nfhs
piri aangijh nstn
qun primtbqun mursh qun
i fnjbji jn crémhs, `bsthrbis
jnsirrhaai jn aiyvbji,
na mirémtnr prncugtis
ais `idbabjijns
qun gnmnsbti piri jbrbcbr. Nstn mursh mhgtbngn =4 anmmbhgns qun sn prnsngtig ng jhs pirtns. Ng ai ^gbjij 9, ghs
ngkhmifhs ng na mirémtnr y na mhrizýg jna aæjnr, nxpahrigjh ais mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr qun \idah nxiati ng 9
Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3. ^g aæjnr nspbrbtuia gnmnsbti, igtn thjh, ug mhrizýg aangh jn ifhr i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis. Ng ai
^gbjij 4 hdsnrvifhs jn mnrmi ais `idbabjijns ng ais rnaimbhgns qun miji aæjnr gnmnsbti ng na `hcir, ng ai bcansbi
y kunri jn ai bcansbi. Nstn mursh vi fés iaaé jn prnsngtir ug mhgtngbjh, i nstrumturir miji anmmbýg piri qun ahs
nstujbigtns primtbqung y jnsirrhaang ais muiabjijns, imtbtujns y `idbabjijns qun jndng tngnr ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians.
\iri ug aæjnr, nstn ns na mursh fés bfphrtigtn jna murræmuah.
92. Hdontb
Hdontbvhs
vhs cahdi
cahdians?
ans?
Mipætuah
Hdontbvhs cahdians
KyI
Tnsufbr ah qun ai `bsthrbi rnvnai imnrmi jn ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns n baustrirah.

Nxpabmir trns érnis ng ais muians

m uians ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs cuæig n baustrirais
Mhgtristir ais khrfis ng ais qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig mhg ais jn ahs qun gh cuæig.
9 Nxpabmir na rha, ai kungtn y ahs ngnfbchs jna ifhr ng na mhrizýg jn ug aæjnr.
Tnsufbr muitrh jn ais mbgmh baustrimbhgns qun \idah nfpani piri jnfhstrir qun ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr
shg bgÿtbans.
Jbduoir jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh. Nxpabmir miji mifbgh n baustrirah.

94

Nxpabmir ais fignris ng qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn y viahrirais. Mhgtristir ai pimbngmbi mhg
m hg ai bfpimbngmbi.
Baustrir ai dhgjij y ai rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi, y ng iqunaahs qun ustnj mhghmn.
Bjngtbmir mbgmh nonfpahs dædabmhs jn ngvbjbi y nxpabmir muitrh maivns piri supnrirai.
4 Mhgtristir na ifhr mhg muitrh ivns, mhg na rny ]iÿa, mhg Jbýtrnkns y mhg
m hg ]itigés.
Tnsufbr ais trns maivns piri fnjbrsn mhg `ufbajij i ai auz jn ai `ufbajij jn Mrbsth.
Tnsufbr ais khrfis jn snr mhrtnsns ng su muaturi y ais fignris jn nvbtir ai rujnzi.
Mhgtristir i ahs aæjnrns nchæstis mhg ahs qun primtbmig na ifhr i htrhs. Nviauir su ifhr.
Nxpabmir muitrh jbrnmmbhgns `imbi ais muians ugi pnrshgi nghoiji punjn ngmifbgirsn y igiabzir ais khrfis jn
supnrir ai bri.
Tnsufbr iacughs nonfpahs dædabmhs qun ngkitbzig na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn Jbhs.
=
Nxpabmir ais rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæjnr jndn hkrnmnr ug déasifh ng aucir jn muapir.
Mhgtristir imtbtujns jn ifhr `imbi na fia mhg imtbtujns jn ifhr `imbi ai vnrjij n baustrir ahs rnsuatijhs jn
nstis imtbtujns.
Igiabzir ahs mbgmh jnsikæhs qun ngkrngtig ahs aæjnrns y nxpabmir mýfh vngmnrahs vbvbngjh ng if
ifhr.
hr.
Nxpabmir ai pirijhoi hrthjhxi jn Fitnh >?;.
Igiabzir ai rnaimbýg ngtrn na jndnr jn ug aæjnr y su jnvhmbýg.
Tnsufbr ais trns rizhgns phr ais muians ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun ai fiyhræi jn ai cngtn
: pbngsi n baustrirais.

Ngugmbir ahs mbgmh

Nxpabmir mýfh prbgmbpbhs
ug aæjnr punjnpiri
usirvngmnr ahsjn
ahs abdrhs fiahs pngsifbngths n baustrirahs.
Kn y Immbýg piri iabfngtir y nqubpir ia pundah jn Jbhs.
Tnsufbr ai bfphrtigmbi jna nonrmbmbh, ai jbnti y jna jæi jn rnphsh ng ai vbji jn ug aæjnr.
Tnsufbr ais miusis jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh jn ai kifbabi y ais shaumbhgns piri nstn prhdanfi.
Nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh.
Igiabzir ais rizhgns phr ais muians
muians ug aæjnr ngkrngti ai shanjij y jnsmudrbr ai maisn jn if
ifbchs
bchs qun punjng
> iyujiran i supnrirai.
Mhgtristir ngtrn fbgbstrir sncÿg su aaififbngth y sus jhgns mhg snr cubijh phr ais nxpnmtitbvis jn ahs jnfés.
Tnsufbr ais khrfis ng ais qun ug aæjnr punjn `imnr jn su `hcir ug rnkucbh sncurh y knabz.
Nxpabmir ais maivns piri bgvhaumrir i sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh.
Tnsufbr mýfh na `nm`h jn nsmum`ir i ahs jnfés ghs pnrfbtn vnr su pugth jn vbsti y ahs prnpiri i naahs piri
vnr na gunstrh.
 ; Bjngtbmir ais rizhgns piri nvbtir ais mrætbmis y mýfh nvbtirais.
Nxpabmir ais rizhgns y ais khrfis jn snr ifbcidan.
Igiabzir ais rizhgns
rizhgns y ais khrf
khrfis
is jn snr mhg
mhgidan.
idan.
Bjngtbmir ahs jnsikæhs jn phjnr mhgir y ais khrfis jn `imnrah.
Nstidanmnr rizhgns piri rnmhrjir ghfdrns y ais maivns piri rnmhrjirahs.
3 Tnsufbr ais rizhgns piri nxprnsir iprnmbh.
Nxpabmir ais rizhgns y ais maivns piri cubir mhg prncugtis.
Igiabzir quâ sbcgbmi
sbcgbmi snrvbmbh y ah qun gh sbcgb
sbcgbmi.
mi.

4<.Iuthrns
Na Tvjh. Tigjy [iabfhgt sn jnsnfpnùi mhfh pisthr prbg
prbgmbpia
mbpia jn ai Kbrst Issnfday hk Chj ng Crb
Crbg,
g,
Cnhrcbi (jnsjn 922=). Tigjy y su nsphsi, Onaay, shg crijuijhs jn ai ]hut`nistnrg ^gbvnrsbty ng
Aienaigj, Kahrbji. Na pisthr [iabfhgt
[iabfhgt hdtuvh su tætuah jn Jhmthr ng Tnabcbhus \`bahshp`y ng 4<<; ng
Ahchs Crijuitn ]m`hha jn Oimeshgvbaan, Kahrbji. Kun `hgrijh mhg na tætuah jn Jhmthr ng Jbvbgbjijns
ng ai Dnuai` @nbc`ts ^gbvnrsbty ng 4<<3 y ng na ]hut`nrg Isbi Dbdan Mhaancn ng 4<<0.
Jurigtn na fbgbstnrbh jna pisthr [iabfhgt ng ai Kbrst Issnfday hk Chj ng Crbg, fés jn trnbgti fba
pnrshgis `ig isbstngtns
fés jn >:<< jnjbmijh sung vbji i Onsumrbsth
ahs snrvbmbhs i trivâs jn
jna jhfbgch phrahsaifbgbstnrbhs
fiùigi. Ngjn922>,
ai bcansbi. Ai Tigjy
na pisthr bcansbi bgbmbý
`i mrnmbjh jn :<<jni
ai nfbsbýg
Krns` Zhum`, ug fbgbstnrbh jn rijbh y tnanvbsbýg. Nstn tbngn ug crig iamigmn i trivâs jn ahs Nstijhs ^gbjhs y ng
piæsns bgtnrgimbhgians y sn ishmbi mhg ugi nstimbýg jn rijbh mrbstbigi ahmia, SF[[
SF[[,, piri prnsngtir S Shgthe
hgthe Tijbh
ng \ipui, Gunvi Cubgni, ai muia `i tngbjh ugi bgungmbi phsbtbvi mhg nstn fbgbstnrbh ÿgbmh.

9=

Na pisthr [iabfhgt `i ssnrvbjh

nrvbjh ng ai Shraj Fbssbhgs Dhirj hk t`n Issnfdabng hk Chj (IC), mh mhfh
fh jbrnmthr jn
Fbsbhgns jna Jbstrbth jn Cnhrcbi y mhfh prnsdætnrh nonmutbvh jna Jbstrbth IC jn Cnhrcbi, isæ mhfh fbnfdrh
jn ai ougti ijfbgbstritbvi jn ai ]hut`wnstnrg Issnfdabns hk Chj ^gbvnrsbty. Imtuiafngtn, ns prnsdætnrh cngnria
jna IC Cngnria Mhugmba. Ijnfés jn nstis rnsphgsidbabjijns, na pisthr [iabfhgt sbrvn ng ais sbcubngtns ougtis
ijfbgbstritbvis? Cahdia ^gbvnrsbty,
^gbvnrsbty, Cahdia Znng M`iaangcn y Nfnrcn Fbgbstrbns y ng jbvnrshs mhfbtâs y ougtis jna
Cngnria Mhugmba. Na Jr. [iabfhgt
[iabfhgt rnmbdbý na ghfdrifbngth jn \rnsbjngt hk Miamutti Fnrmy Fbgbstrbns ng 4<99.
\unsth qun `i prnjbmijh ng fés jn 0< gimbhgns, na pisthr [iabfhgt sn `i prnsngtijh ng Jiy ]tir Znanvbsbhg, na
Bgohy Abkn Maud, na 3<< Maud, Ifnrbmig Kifbay Tijbh, Cahdia \isthrs Gntwhre y ZDG. ]us hdris pudabmijis
bgmauyng? Kbgjbgc ]bcgbmigmn Bgsbcgbmigt \aimn (4<<;)5 y Dntriynj (4<9:).
]bcgbmigmn bg ig Bgsbcgbmigt
Jnsjn 4<9: na Jr. [iabfhgt `i nxpigjbjh ahs fbgbstnrbhs jn ai Crbg Kbrst Issnfday i trivâs jn mifpus jn
nxtngsbýg ng fÿatbpans udbmimbhgns. Nsths bgmauyng jhs mhgcrncimbhgns `bspigis ng Crbg y ng FmJhghuc`,
Cnhrcbi5 htrh mifpus ng FmJhghuc` qun sbrvn i =<< pnrshgis y htrhs ijbmbhgians ng Gnwgig, Ghrt`nist Cnhrcbi
y vbrtuia.
NaJr. Thg Mruf pisthr nonmutbvh prbgmbpia ng Crbg Kbrst Is
Issnfday
snfday,, jnsjn firzh jn 4<9:. Na Jr.
Thg jbrbcn ug nxmnangtn nqubph piri ugi nsmunai jn abjnrizch phr nxtngsbýg, ng ishmbimbýg mhg ai
]hut`wnstnrg Issnfdabns hk Chj ^gbvnrsbty (]IC^), Sixi`im`bn, Znxis y na Jnpirtifngth jn
Njumimbýg Mrbstbigi jn ai bcansbi.

Ns
t`n `boh jn ug fbgnrh
Issnfdabns jn ng
hk Chj, mirdýg jna surKA,
Aienaigj, jn mhg
[brcbgbi hmmbjngtia, ysnnscrijuý
ugi abmngmbituri jna ]hut`nistnrg
hrjngijh Mhaancn
phr Issnfdabns hk
hk Chj.
Thg hdtuvh ugi Finstræi ng Mhugsnabgc jn Firs`iaa ^gbvnrsbty Crijuitn Mhaancn mhg ugi nspnmbiabzimbýg ng
Mirnnr Jnvnahpfngt. Hdtuvh ugi Finstræi ng Jbvbgbjijns, Nqubviangmy (4<<2) y ng ghvbnfdrn jn 4<9= mhfpantý
su prhynmth gia piri na Jhmthritn hk Fbgbstry bg Anijnrs`bp mhg na Issnfdabns hk Chj Z`nhahcbmia ]nfbgiry,
Nvigcna ^gbvnrsbty ng ]prbgcnaj, Fbsshurb. Ng su nsmrbth? ‑Jnmbsbhg-fiebgc ]tyans, Anijnrs`bp ]tyans, igj
]nanmtnj Bgungmns hk Jnmbsbhg-fiebgc‖, Thg mrný na târfbgh? ‑Jnbsngsus‖ piri jnsmrbdbr na viahr jna Nspærbtu
]igth ng thfir jnmbsbhgns, sncÿg @nm`hs 9>?40.
Zifdbâg sn jnsnfpnùý jurigtn ug pnrbhjh jn hm`h iùhs mhfh Isbstngtn jna ]upnrbgtngjngtn jna Ippiaim`big
Jbstrbmt hk t`n Issnfdabns hk Chj, y kun fbnfdrh jn ai Dhirj hk Jbrnmthrs khr ]hut`nistnrg Mhaancn. Na pisthr Mruf
`i fbgbstrijh ng abjnrizch ng ahs piæsns ikrbmighs C`igi, Engbi, Durugjæ, _bfdidun y ]ujékrbmi y imtuiafngtn ng
ahs piæsns jn Nurhpi hrbngtia y Irfngbi y Zurquæi. Tnmbngtnfngtn aancý i snr kimbabtijhr mnrtbmijh jna Anijnrs`bp
M`iaangcn ng mhrphrimbhgns, bcansbis y nfprnsis i trivâs jn ug tiaanr jn jhs jæis qun iyuji i ahs aæjnrns i prhjumbr
rnsuatijhs nxtrihrjbgirbhs mhg mbgmh prémtbmis nxmnangtns.
 Thg y \`yaabs, su nsphsi, tbngng trnbgti y hm`h iùhs jn misijhs y jhs `bois, Aygjsb y S`btgny.
S`btgny. Aygjsb ns izikiti jn
Jnati, nstbabsti, jnmhrijhri jn bgtnrbhrns y su nsphsh Fbm`ina, tifdbâg ns isbstngtn jn vunah jn Jnati. S`btgny sn
crijuý mhg ugi Finstræi ng Njumimbýg jn ai [igjnrdbat ^gbvnrsbty
^gbvnrsbty,, ng Gis`vbaan. Ng ngnrh jn 4<93 naahs mnandrirhg
na gimbfbngth jn su prbfnri gbnti Thxb Oiy, qubng jbmn qun Thg ns su ¡\hppi Oiy!
Na Tvjh. ]mhtt Sbashg mufpabý su trbcâsbfh iùh jn fbgbstnrbh pisthria jn tbnfph mhfpanth. Jnsjn
4<<9, sn `i jnsnfpnùijh mhfh pisthr prbgmbpia jn ai bcansbi Hies ng Tnj Hie, Zx, ng ai muia fbgbstri i
:<<< pnrshgis snfigiafngtn. ]mhtt y su nsphsi Onggb vbvng ng na érni jn Jiaais. Zbngng trns `bohs ijuaths?
Jbaahg, @ugtnr y Jiehti.
Ng 9220, ]mhtt an iyujý i su pijrn, na Jr. Zhf Sbashg, i bgbmbir ug sbstnfi bgghvijhr jn nsmunais
iutýghfis y critubtis ng Znxis. Abkn ]m`hha njumi i >;<< nstujbigtns ng snbs aucirns jna érni jn Jiaais.
Jndbjh ia jnsnh jn ]mhtt jn mipimbtir i ahs aæjnrns jna rnbgh, ai bcansbi jn Hies sn ishmbý mhg ai ]hut`wnstnrg Issnfdab
Issnfdabns
ns
hk Chj ^gbvnrsbty piri mrnir na prhcrifi Hies ]m`hha hk Anijnrs`bp5 ugi nsmunai nspnmbiabziji jn mipimbtimbýg
fbgbstnrbia. I trivâs jn nstn bgtngsh prhcrifi jn mipimbtimbýg, mngtngirns jn nstujbigtns `ig rnmbdbjh njumimbýg y

prnpir
prnpirimbýg
imbýg
]mhtt ns piri
iuthr jnnavirbhs
fbgbs
fbgbstnrbh
tnrbh
abdrhs,y shg
ngtrnngvbi
ngvbijhs
jhs]prnij
naahs? mh
mhfh
fh tri
tridioijh
t`ndioijhrns
Kbrn,rns jn ait`n
Manir mhs
mhsnm`i.
nm`i. Tnijy, ]nt, Crhw, Z`n Gnxt Anvna y
]ticn,
]tnnrbgc Z`rhuc` M`ihs.

9:

Na Jr. Yungtbg FmC`nn iuthr,, jbsnùijhr jn bgstrummbýg y njbthr jn ai ]nrbn Kn

ns na kugjijhr, prbgmbpia iuthr
y Immbýg
Immbýg,, ug murræmuah qun ia mhfpantirsn bgmaubré muirngti abdrhs. Hdtuvh ug D.I. ng nstujbhs dædabmhs jn
]hut` Snstnrg Mhaancn ng Heai`hfi Mbty y ug D.]. ng fitnfétbmis jn Hria Thdnrts ^gbvnrsbty (HT^).
Mhfpantý fés ijnaigtn ug F.Jbv. ng na Issnfdabns hk Chj Znhahcbmia ]nfbgiry, jhgjn ngsnùý crbnch
désbmh y na
na Munrph Jh
Jhmngtn
mngtn ah ns
nsmhcbý
mhcbý pi
piri
ri snr ghfd
ghfdrijh
rijh mhfh uughgh jn ahs ns
nstujbi
tujbigtns
gtns jns
jnstimijh
timijhss ng na

jn ai Kifi jn‑S`h‒s S`h jn

ai Kimuatij Ifhgc ]tujngts‖.
Mbngmbis Âa hdtuvh
n Bgcngbnræi ug J.Fbg.
jn HT^. jn HT^
Na jhmthr FmC`nnng 9203 y ng 4<9>
y su nsphsi kun bgcrnsijh
Nabzidnt`, ia ]iaýg
anvigtirhg ugi
bcansbi ng Heai`hfi. Jnspuâs sbrvbnrhg mhfh fbsbhgnrhs ng Engbi phr qubgmn iùhs. Iaaæ iyujirhg i mhfngzir virbis
bcansbis, jnsirrhaairhg ugi nsmunai dædabmi phr nxtngsbýg piri fbgbstrhs jn tbnfph mhfpanth y iyujirhg ng na jnsirrhaah
jna murræmuah. Jnsjn 4<<>, Yungtbg y Nabzidnt` `ig snrvbjh mhfh fbsbhgnrhs jn ais Isifdanis jn Jbhs ng Aitbghifârbmi
y na Mirbdn. Imtuiafngtn, na jhmthr FmC`nn sbrvn mhfh jnsirrhaaijhr y jbrnmthr jn ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg y Nabzidnt`
iyuji mhg ahs crémhs, ai jbicrifimbýg, ai njbmbýg nanmtrýgbmi, ais trijummbhgns y ais vngtis.

49. Mhaidhrijhrns
Mhaidhrijhrns y rnvbshrns
Na Jr. ]tnvn J. Nutsanr tbngn ugi crig triynmthrbi fbgbstnrbia mhfh prhknshr, pisthr, prnjbmijhr y
nsmrbthr. Ns fngthr jn ahs nstujbigtns jn Cahdia ^gbvnrsbty ng ais érnis jn tnhahcæi dædabmi y prémtbmi.
Zifdbâg `i sbjh prhknshr ijougth ng Mngtria Dbdan Mhaancn y Nvigcna ^gbvnrsbty phr jhmn iùhs jigjh
murshs shdrn ai Dbdabi, na fbgbstnrbh prémtbmh y ai prnjbmimbýg. ]tnvn `i pisthrnijh phr jbnmbhm`h iùhs.
Zifdbâg, sbrvn mhfh ngtrngijhr jn Jian Mirgncbn. Ns iuthr jn virbhs abdrhs y dhsqunohs jn sus snrfhgns

fbgbstnrbh ngipirnmng mhg krnmungmbi

na Issnfdabns ng na Ngrbm
Ngrbm`fngt
hk Chj Znhahcbmia `fngt Ohurgia
]nfbgiry y \uapb
\uapbtt Fbsshurb.
ng ]prbgcnaj, @naps. Hdtuvh su tætuah
\iri nstn jnjhmthr
mursh na jhmthrijh jn
Nutsanr
mhgtrbduyý mhg bgvnstbcimbýg sbcgbmitbvi, ghtis, sucnrngmbis shdrn prbgmbpbhs dædabmhs y su nviauimbýg.
Na Tvjh. Obf FmGidd `i snrvbjh phr =2 iùhs mhfh pisthr prbgmbpia ng Z`n Drbjcn Issnfday hk
Chj ng Fustigc, Heai`hfi. @i jbrbcbjh ugi mhgcrncimbýg qun mhfngzý mhg 9<< y imtuiafngtn
tbngn ugi isbstngmbi jn 9><< ng trns snjns. Jnspuâs jn crijuirsn ng ]IC^, sn jnsnfpnùý mhfh
pisthr jn oývngns, pisthr isbstngtn y ng 9232 sn mhgvbrtbý ng pisthr jn ah qun `i aancijh i snr Z`n
Drbjcn (www.t`ndrbjcnic.hrc).
Z`n Drbjcn ns jhgigtn piri fbsbhgns y isæ dngjbmn i ai mhfugbjij, ia nstijh, i ai gimbýg y ia fugjh. Na
pisthrr FmGidd mrnn qun na aitbr jna mhrizýg y na dung kugmb
pisth kugmbhgifbn
hgifbngth
gth jn Z`n Drbjcn ns jndbjh i ais pnrshgis mhg
fngtiabjij fbsbhgnri y mhg ug mhrizýg igsbhsh jn iyujir i ahs pnrjbjhs, `nrbjhs y qundrigtijhs. Âa qubnrn snr `iaaijh
na y krumtæknrh.
Na pisthr FmGidd sbrvbý ng na Heai`hfi Jbstrbmt Mhugmba Dhirj phr 44 iùhs mhfh prnsdætnrh, prnsdætnrh nonmutbvh,
isbstngtn jna supnrbgtngjngtn, y snmrntirbh mhrphritbvh. Âa y su nsphsi Abgji, tbngng :; iùhs jn misijhs y sus jhs `bohs?
Drbig FmGidd y ]`iri Ziyahr, tifdbâg sbrvng ng na fbgbstnrbh.
 9>

^gbjij 9? Na aæjnr mhfh pnrshgi

(]nr? Ah qun ug aæjnr N])
Ahs aæjnrns cuæig jn fum`is fignris. \nrh na abjnrizch fés phjnrhsh sn aanvi i midh
phr fnjbh jna nonfpah5 ns jnmbr, phr snr ug dung fhjnah i sncubr. Ais Nsmrbturis ngsnùig qun
mufpabrnfhs mhg thjh ah qun Jbhs nspnri jn ghshtrhs sb mifbgifhs ng su ifhr. Ahs kirbsnhs an
prncugtirhg
=3
i Onsÿs muéa nri na figjifbngth fés crigjn h fés bfphrtigtn.
‑Onsÿs an jboh? ‑Ifirés ia ]nùhr tu Jbhs mhg thjh tu mhrizýg, y mhg thji tu iafi, y mhg
thji tu fngtn. =0 Nstn ns na prbfnrh y crigjn figjifbngth. =2 R na sncugjh ns snfnoigtn?
Ifirés i tu prýobfh mhfh i tb fbsfh. :< Jn nsths jhs figjifbngths jnpngjn thji ai any
y ahs prhkntis‖ (Ft 44?=3-:<).
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, sni qubng sni i qubng ustnj nstâ cubigjh, y sni muia sni su phsbmbýg, ustnj
punjn nstir sncurh jn qun Jbhs iprundi su mhrizýg sb nsté aangh jn su ifhr. Ia mifbgir ng ifhr,
ustnj snré na nonfpah qun Jbhs jnsni qun ais pnrshgis sbcig. Isæ qun, ng ais prýxbfis anmmbhgns,
ghs ngkhmirnfhs ng na abjnrizch disijh ng ugi vbji jn ifhr. Ngthgmns thjhs ahs qun sbcig
gunstris `unaais punjng nstir sncurhs jn qun ahs
a hs nstifhs mhgjumbngjh ng ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti.
Fbngtris abjnrnfhs ng ifhr, phjrnfhs jnmbr mhg mhgigzi, mhfh \idah? ‑]nj bfbtijhrns jn fæ,
isæ mhfh yh jn Mrbsth‖ (9 Mh 99?9).
Fbngtris nstujbi ai ^gbjij 9, ani miji anmmbýg y mhgtnstn ais prncugtis, igtns jn isbstbr i
ai maisn. Ia `imnr nsth nafngtn, ustnj mrnmnré ng mhghmbfbngth y ng mirémtnr, y iamigziré ahs
hdontbvhs jn miji mipætuah.

Mipætuah 9? Na
• Tnsufbr aaifijh
ah qun jna aæjnr
ai `bsthrbi rnvnaiyim
su mhrizýg
imnrmi
nrmi jn ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns n baustrirah.
• Nxpabmir trns érnis ng ais muians ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs cuæig n baustrirais
• Mhgtristir ais khrfis ng ai ais
s qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians
nspbrbtuians cuæig mhg ais jn ahs qun gh cuæig.
• Nxpabmir na rha, ai kungtn y ahs ngnfbchs jna ifhr ng na mhrizýg
mhrizýg jn ug aæjnr.
• Tnsufbr muitrh jn ais mbgmh baustrimbhgns qun \idah nfpani piri jnfhstrir qun ahs jhgns
nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr shg bgÿtbans.
• Jbduoir jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh. Nxpabmir miji mifbgh n baustrirah.
Mipætuah 4? Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3.
\irtn 9)
• Nxpabmir ais fignris ng qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn y viahrirais. Mhgtristir ai pimbngmbi mhg ai
bfpimbngmbi.
• Baustrir ai dhgjij y ai rujnzi ng ai Dbd
Dbdabi,
abi, y ng iqunaahs qun ustnj mhghmn.
mhghmn.
• Bjngtbkbmir mbgmh no
nonfpahs
nfpahs dædabmhs jn ngvb
ngvbjbi
jbi y nxpabmir muitrh maiv
maivns
ns piri supnrirai.
• Mhgtristir na ifhr mhg muitrh ivns, mhg na rny ]iÿa, mhg Jbýtrnkns y mhg ]itigés.
• Tnsufbr ais trns maiv
maivns
ns piri fnjbrsn mhg `ufbajij i ai auz jn ai `ufbajij jn Mrbsth.
• Tnsufbr ais khrfis jn s snr
nr mhrtnsns ng su muaturi y aais
is fignris jn nvbtir ai rujnzi.

Mipætuah =? Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3.
\irtn 4)
• Mhgtristir i ahs aæjnrns nchæ
nchæstis
stis mhg ahs qun primtbm
primtbmig
ig na ifhr i htrhs. Nviauir su if
ifhr.
hr.
• Nxpabmir muitrh jbrnmmbhgns `imb
`imbi
i ais muians ugi pnrshgi nghoiji punjn ngmifbgirsn y igiabzir
ais khrfis jn supnrir ai bri.
• Tnsufbr iacughs nonfpahs dædabmhs qun ngkitbzig na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn Jbhs.
• Nxpabmir ais rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæjnr jndn hkrnmnr ug déasifh
déasifh ng aucir jn muapir.
• Mhgtristir imtbtujns jn ifhr `imbi na fia mhg imtbimtbtujns
tujns jn ifhr `imbi ai vnrjij n baustrir ahs
rnsuatijhs jn nstis imtbtujns.
• Igiabzir ahs mbgmh jnsikæhs qun ngkrngtig ahs aæjnrns y nxpabm
nxpabmir
ir mýfh vngmnrahs vbvbngjh ng ifhr.
Mipætuah :? Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ug mirémtnr pbijhsh
 • Nxpabmir ai pirijhoi hrthjhxi jn Fitnh >?;.
• Igiabzir ai rnaim
rnaimbýg
býg ngtrn na jndnr jn ug aæjnr y su jjnvhmbýg.
nvhmbýg.
• Tnsufbr ais trns rizhgns phr ais muians ahs f fiahs
iahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun ai fiyhræi
jn ai cngtn pbngsi n baustrirais.
• Ngugmbir ahs mbgmh prbgm
prbgmbpbhs
bpbhs piri vngmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths n baust
baustrirahs.
rirahs.
• Nxpabmir mýfh ug aæjnr punjn usir ahs abdrhs jn Kn y Immbýg piri iabfngtir y nqubpir ia pundah jn Jbhs.
• Tnsufbr ai bfphrtigmbi jna no
nonrmbmbh,
nrmbmbh, ai jbnti y jna jæi jn rnphsh
rnphsh ng ai vbji jn ug aæjnr.

93

Mipætuah 9?
Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg

Kbcuri 9.9
Fhbsâs mhgjuoh ia pundah jn ai
nsmaivbtuj jn Ncbpth, i trivâs jna Fir
Thoh, `imbi ai tbnrri jn Migiég qun
Jbhs prhfntbý jiran i su pundah.

\9 Jngi ah qun ns ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia.

Bgtrhjummbýg. ^g *aæjnr nspbrbtuia ns iacubng qun vi jnaigtn jn htrhs y qun, ng na phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth y i
ai auz jn ai \iaidri jn Jbhs, ahs iyuji i jnsmudrbr i jýgjn br, quâ jndng snr y quâ jndng `imnr. I ah airch jn ai
`bsthrbi, vnfhs fum`hs sncubjhrns,
sncubjhrns, pnrh phmhs aæjnrns. ]b dusmifhs ng ahs mbnahs, vnfhs qun iacughs égcnans
sn shfntng i Jbhs y sbcung su jbrnmmbýg. \nrh muigjh ]itigés sn rndnaý, ugi tnrmnri pirtn jn ahs égcnans ah
sbcubý y Jbhs ahs irrhoý jnsjn na mbnah fés iath (Am 9<?905 Ip 94?:).
Ng ai tbnrri, sncubfhs vbngjh phmhs aæjnrns y fum`hs sncubjhrns ng ai mrnimbýg jn Jbhs. Ahs piths y ahs
cigshs sbcung i ug aæjnr. Ahs pnmns gijig ng cruphs y sbcung i ahs aæjnrns. Hvnois y midris, midiaahs y vimis,
mbnrvhs y iamns, ùus y igtæahpns? thjhs nsths igbfians vbvng ng cruphs y sbcung i ug aæjnr. Bgmaush ahs bgsnmths,
mhfh ais idnois y ais `hrfbcis, vbvng ng cruphs mhg phmhs aæjnrns y fum`hs sncubjhrns. Jnsjn na nankigtn
`isti ai `hrfbci, hdsnrvifhs na pitrýg jn ‑sncubr ia aæjnr‖.

Anmmbhgns
Ai gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns nspbrbtuians.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ah qun ai `bsthrbi rnvnai imnrmi jn ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns n baustrirah.
9 Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir trns érnis ng ais muians ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs cuæig n baustrirais.
Hdontbvh M? Mhgtristir ais khrfis ng ais qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig mhg ais jn ahs qun gh cuæig.
Na mhrizýg jna aæjnr? ug mhrizýg aangh jna ifhr jn Jbhs.

4 Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir na rha

D? Mhgtristir y ai na
ah qun kungtn jn aaifi
fugjh ifhr ifhr
jna mhrizýg jna aæjnr.
mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs.
Hdontbvh M? Bjngtbmir mbgmh ngnfbchs qun na aæjnr tbngn qun vngmnr mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs.
Ai gnmnsbjij jn ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?9-=5 Fitnh 44?=;-:<5
Thfighs 9=?0-9:).
= Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir ais rnspunstis giturians jna ifhr mhg ais shdrngiturians.
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir iacugis khrfis ng qun ahs mhrbgtbhs mirnmæig jn ifhr.
Hdontbvh M? Tnsufbr mbgmh jn ais baustrimbhgns qun \idah hkrnmn piri jnfhstrir qun ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians
sbg ifhr shg bgÿtbans.
Ai hdnjbngmbi jna ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. \irtn 9 (Ouig 9:?9>, 4=-4:).
Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir ai jnshdnjbngmbi jn ahs pnmijhrns mhg ai hdnjbngmbi jn ahs `bohs jn Jbhs.
: Hdontbvh D? Jbduoir jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh. Nxpabmir miji mifbgh
n baustrirah.
 Ai hdnjbngmbi jna ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. \irtn 4 (Ouig 9:?9>, 4=-4:).
Hdontbvh? Nxpabmir sbntn mirimtnræstbmis jn ai hdnjbngmbi qun na ifhr y ai kn prhjumng n baustrirais.
> 90

\iaidris maivn
aæjnr nspbrbtuia? iacubng qun vi jnaigtn jn htrhs y qun, ng na phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth y i ai auz jn ai \iaidri jn Jbhs,
ahs iyuji i jnsmudrbr ijýgjn br, quâ jndng snr y quâ jndng `imnr.

Anmmbýg Ai gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns nspbrbtuians.

Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ah qun ai `bsthrbi rnvnai imnrmi jn ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns n baustrirah.

9 Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir trns érnis ng ais muians ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs cuæig n baustrirais.
Hdontbvh M? Mhgtristir ais khrfis ng ais qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig mhg ais jn ahs qun gh cuæig.

Kbcuri 9.4
Ng thjhs ahs gbvnans
jn ai mrnimbýg jn
Jbhs, ng na mbnah y
ng ai tbnrri, vnfhs
aæjnrns y sncubjhrns.

Bgtrhjummbýg ([bngn jn irrbdi).

irrbdi). Jna fbsfh fhjh, ng ai shmbnjij vnfhs qun ais \4 Jâ nonfpahs jn
khrfig cruphs y sbcung aæjnrn
pnrshgis khrfig aæjnrns.
s. Na tifiùh jn ahs cruphs viræi, pnrh sbnfprn `iy aæjnrns jn ai shmbnjij.
ug aæjnr ng ug cruph jn pnrshgis. Miji kifbabi tbngn ug aæjnr. Ahs nstujbigtns khrfig cruphs
y nsmhcng aæjnrns. Miji nqubph tbngn ug aæjnr. RRii sni qun sn tritn jn ugi kifbabi, ug nqubph, \= ¸\hr quâ ns
ugi pigjbaai, h ugi mhgcrncimbýg, mhfugbjij, mbujij, nstijh, gimbýg, cruph jn gimbhgns h bfphrtigtn na rha jna aæjnr8
na fugjh, ais pnrshgis sbcung i ug aæjnr. Ng ahs ÿatbfhs jæis, na Igtbmrbsth `iré jnsvbir ia
fugjh ngtnrh fbngtris ais fisis ah sbcung (4 Zs 4?=-:, 2-9<). Isæ qun, hdsnrvifhs qun
ug cruph jn pnrshgis qun sbcun i ug aæjnr ns ug pitrýg jbsnùijh phr Jbhs. Ai fiyhræi
jn ais pnrshgis shg mrnijis piri sncubr. Jbhs ans pnrfbtn i ahs sncubjhr
sncubjhrns
ns nsmhcnr i sus
aæjnrns. \hr ah tigth, na pipna jn ug aæjnr ns fuy bfphrtigtn. \uns jhgjnqubnri qun ug
aæjnr cuæn, fum`i cngtn ah sncubré.
Ng nsti anmmbýg, nxifbgirnfhs na nghrfn prhdanfi qun ai `ufigbjij ngkrngti y ai
shaumbýg jn Jbhs i trivâs jn ahs aæjnrns dædabmhs.
I. Na prhdanfi? Ai `bsthrbi rnvnai qun ai fiyh fiyhræi
ræi jn ahs aæjnrns vig ng ai
jbrnmmbýg bgmhrrnmti? anohs jn Jbhs y `imbi ai jnstrummbýg.
Na pisijh. Jnsjn ahs prbfnrhs jæis jn ai tbnrri, ahs `ufighs `ig fhstrijh su gnmnsbjij \: ¸Yubâg mhgjuoh
jn aæjnrns pbijhshs. Jbhs mrný i Ijég y i Nvi i su bficng y ahs push ng na `unrth jna i Ijég y i Nvi phr ai
jbrnmmbýg bgmhrrnmti8
Njâg. Jurigtn ug tbnfph, jbskrutirhg jn ai mhfugbýg muigjh Jbhs jnsmngjæi y mifbgidi
mhg naahs phr na `unrth. \nrh phr fnjbh jn ai snrpbngtn, prhgth ]itigés ahs aanvý phr ai
jbrnmmbýg bgmhrrnmti.
bgmhrrnmti. Nsti prbfnri pirnoi an jnshdnjnmbý i Jbhs y jbh ahs prbfnrhs pishs
`ufighs piri ianoirsn jn gunstrh Mrnijhr. Mhfh rnsuatijh, ais fiajbmbhgns jna pnmijh
y jn ai funrtn ngtrirhg ia fugjh (Th >?94). Jbhs sidæi qun ahs `ufighs an jiræig fia
ush ia abdrn iadnjræh y ia phjnr jn nanmmbýg qun ans jbh. Ngthgmns, bgmaush igtns jn ai
mrnimbýg jna fugjh, Jbhs paigný ngvbir i su @boh i rnjbfbr i iqunaahs qun ah nsmhcbnrig
mhfh su ]iavijhr, ]nùhr y Aæjnr (4 Zb 9?25 9 \ 9?4<5 Ip 9=?0).
92
4< Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

\> ¸Mýfh mrnn ustnj Miæg prhgth nxpigjbý ai trijbmbýg jn rndnairsn mhgtri gunstrh Mrnijhr. Jbhs rizhgý
qun na nonfpah jn Ijég y mhg Miæg y ah igbfý i prnsngtir ug simrbmbh qun kunri icrijidan. Gh sn fngmbhgi qun
Nvi iknmtý i Miæg8 ]itigés `bmbnri qun Miæg sn nxtrivbiri, mhfh ah `bzh mhg Ijég y Nvi. Fés dbng, na pnmijh
ng khrfi jn ngvbjbi, tnrqunjij n bri aanvý i Miæg i isnsbgir i Idna, su `nrfigh ousth.
Mhfh rnsuatijh, Jbhs tuvh qun ouzcir i Miæg phr su pnmijh. Ais Nsmrbturis rncbstrig ai
trbstn y tnrrbdan vnrjij? ‑]iabý, puns, Miæg jn jnaigtn jn On`hvé‖ (Cg :?9;). Jnspuâs,
Miæg sn misý y mhgjuoh i thji su kifbabi y abgion anohs jn Jbhs. Fbngtris tigth, Jbhs ans
jbh i Ijég y Nvi htrh `boh i qubng aaifirhg ]nt, qubng, mhfh Idna, mifbgý mhg Jbhs
y `imbi Âa, ng vnz jn ianoirsn jn Âa. I jbknrngmbi jn Miæg, ]nt cubý i su kifbabi phr na
mifbgh jn ai rnmtbtuj.
\; ¸Yuâ aanvý ia abgion I fnjbji qun pisirhg ais cngnrimbhgns, ahs `bohs jn ]nt mifbgirhg mhg Jbhs. Ais
pbijhsh jn ]nt i ipirtirsn Nsmrbturis sn rnnrng i naahs, mhfh sn rnnrng i ahs pbijhshs jn `hy, mhfh `bohs jn Jbhs,
jn Jbhs8
iqunaahs mrnijhs i ai bficng jn Jbhs, qun shg mhfh Jbhs ng sus viahrns y mirémtnr.
\hr na mhgtrirbh, ahs `bohs jn Miæg gh rnnoidig ai bficng jn su Mrnijhr. Isæ qun, ais
\3 ¸Ng quâ sn Nsmrbturis sn rnnrng i nsths `bohs bfpæhs mhfh ahs `bohs n `bois jn ahs `hfdrns (ng
jbknrngmbirhg Nghm vnz jn `bohs jn Jbhs). Na abgion pbijhsh jn ]nt sn prnsnrvý phr ug tbnfph, `isti qun
y Ghâ jn ai fuatbtuj jn
sus cngnrimbhgns8 ahs `bohs jn ]nt mhfngzirhg i misirsn mhg ais `bois jn Miæg (Cg :?93-4;5 ;?9-0). Mhg
nsti bgtrigsbcngmbi, misb thjis ais pnrshgis jn ai tbnrri sn ianoirhg jn Jbhs ng rndnabýg.
Gbfrhj kun aæjnr y `ârhn jn su âphmi, pnrh gh sn fngmbhgi gb ugi shai muiabjij pbijhsi
jn âa. Ng mhgtristn, Nghm kun aæjnr, gh sncubjhr. Mifbgý mhg Jbhs y na Zhjhphjnrhsh ah
irrnditý ia mbnah. \nrh ng iqunaahs jæis, ngtrn thji ai phdaimbýg jn ai tbnrri, shaifngtn
Ghâ cubidi i su kifbabi ng ahs mifbghs jn Jbhs (Cg ;). ¸Yubâg sn punjn bficbgir na
jhahr, ai jnmnpmbýg y ai bgjbcgimbýg qun sbgtbý Jbhs `imbi su mrnimbýg qun ah rnm`izý8
¸R muégth tbnfph `udbnri pisijh igtns jn qun nstn fugjh aangh jn pnmijhrns isnsbgiri
i Ghâ y i su kifbabi, tia mhfh Miæg fitý i Idna8
Jbhs jnmbjbý qun nri `hri jn nfpnzir jn gunvh y mifdbir ais prhdidbabjijns jn qun
ahs ousths tuvbnrig ugi hphrtugbjij jn shdrnvbvbr fbngtris thjivæi nxbstbnri ug aæjnr
ousth. Isæ
Isæ qun, mhg ug shah aæjnr pbijhsh ng ai tbnrri, Jbhs ngvbý na jbauvbh y jnstruyý i
thji ai `ufigbjij, i nxmnpmbýg jn hm`h pnrshgis qun sn siavirhg ng na irmi. Nstifhs
rnpisigjh na `nm`h jn qun, i ah airch jn ai `bsthrbi jn ai tbnrri, ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns
y sncubjhrns sn ianoig jna paig jn Jbhs y sn ngmifbgig `imbi ai jnstrummbýg.
\0 ¸Yuâ pisi ng ai ^ghs muigths sbcahs jnspuâs jn Ghâ, ai tbnrri nstidi gunvifngtn mhrrhfpbji. Jbhs
tbnrri sb Jbhs gh ouzci i aaifý i Idri`if i qun jnoiri ai misi jn su pijrn y ahs æjhahs i ahs qun su pijrn snrvæi.
ahs pnmijhrns8
^gi vnz fés, vnfhs i Jbhs pnrsnvnrigjh ng siavir i ai rizi `ufigi phr fnjbh jn
Idri`if, ug aæjnr ousth. ^ghs muigths iùhs jnspuâs jn qun Idri`if aanciri ia sur jn
Migiég, Jbhs jnstruyý thtiafngtn ais mbujijns jn ]hjhfi y Chfhrri. Nstn imth jn
oubmbh shdrn na pnmijh rnvnai na nskunrzh jn Jbhs piri prnsnrvir ug abgion
abgion pbijhsh shdrn
ai tbnrri y nvbtir qun ahs fiavijhs vngmbnrig i ahs ousths (Cg 9=?9=5 90-92).
\2 ¸Muéans shg ais Idri`if mhgjuoh i su kifbabi phr ahs mifbghs jn Jbhs. Bsiim y su `boh Oimhd
jhs rizhgns phr ais muians kunrhg aæjnrns pbijhshs. \nrh ahs `bohs jn Oimhd, mhfh ahs `bohs jn ]nt, mhfngzirhg i
Jbhs trisaijý i Oimhd y i su
kifbabi `isti Ncbpth8
jnsphsirsn mhg bfpæis. R hjbidig i Ohsâ, na `boh fés pbijhsh ngtrn naahs. \iri siavir ia
abgion pbijhsh jn ai tbnrri, Jbhs aanvý i ahs bsrinabtis i Ncbpth piri qun gh sn misirig mhg
\ 9< ¸Mýfh ah bgspbri i bfpæhs. \hr fnjbh jna abjnrizch `hgnsth jn Ohsâ, ais gimbhgns iarnjnjhr jn Ncbpth supbnrhg
ustnj i snr ug aæjnr pbijhsh imnrmi jna ÿgbmh y vnrjijnrh Jbhs. R ng Ncbpth, Jbhs prhtncbý y fuatbpabmý i ahs bsrinabtis
na nonfpah jn Idri`if phr muitrhmbngt
muitrhmbngths
hs iùhs. Gh sn misir
misirhg
hg mhg bfpæh
bfpæhs.s. ¸\hr quâ8 \hrq
\hrqun
un ahs bsrina
bsrinabtis
btis tngæ
tngæig
ig
y su kifbabi8
rndiùhs jn igbfians y ahs ncbpmbhs hjbidig i ahs qun pisthrnidig hvnois, midris y cigijh.
\ 99 ¸Kun muapi jn \hmh jnspuâs jn qun Jbhs abdnriri i ahs bsrinabtis jn Ncbpth, sn rndnairhg mhgtri Âa
Fhbsâs qun ai fiyhræi jn y mhgtri Fhbsâs, ug aæjnr pbijhsh. Havbjirhg qun Jbhs `idæi abdnrijh i ahs bsrinabtis jn
ais pnrshgis i ais qun Jbhs ai gimbýg fés phjnrhsi jn ai tbnrri. Âa jbvbjbý na Fir Thoh y naahs mifbgirhg i trivâs
abdnrý jn Ncbpth gh ngtririg
ng ai tbnrri prhfntbji8 jn nstn ng tbnrri snmi. Ngthgmns Jbhs snpuatý ia noârmbth ncbpmbh ng na fir fbngtris ahs
Nxpabqun. bsrinabtis hdsnrvidig, sbg tngnr qun anvigtir gb ugi nspiji piri jnkngjnrsn.

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg 49

 Abdnrijhs jn Ncbpth y ng ai krhgtnri jn Migiég, ahs bsrinabtis sn gncirhg i mhgir \ 94 ¸Yuâ maisn jn
ng qun Jbhs ans jiræi ai tbnrri qun ans `idæi prhfntbjh. Jn ahs jhmn nspæis ngvbijhs phr jnsikæh jn abjnrizch baustri ai
Fhbsâs i Migiég, shaifngtn jhs, Ohsuâ y Miand, bgtngtirhg cubir ia pundah mhg kn. `bsthrbi jn Bsrina8

\hr ahs sbcubngtns muirngti iùhs, Jbhs iabfngtý mhg figé i nsi cngnrimbýg bgmrâjuai
ng fnjbh jna jnsbnrth. Jurigtn nshs iùhs, naahs mhgtbguirhg rndnaégjhsn mhgtri Jbhs,
ijhrigjh æjhahs mhfh na dnmnrrh jn hrh y mhfntbngjh ijuatnrbh mhg bgjbvbjuhs jn ais
gimbhgns nxtrigonris (@m` 3?:4-:=). @hfdrns fiabcghs mhfh Mhrâ aanvirhg ia pundah
i rndnairsn mhgtri Jbhs y mhgtri aæjnrns pbijhshs (Gf 9;). Jbhs an fhstrý i Fhbsâs qun
ng ahs iùhs vngbjnrhs, jnspuâs jn su funrtn, ahs bsrinabtis sn rndnairæig y sn ianoiræig
jn Jbhs `imbi ugis tnrrbdans fiajbmbhgns y i ai jnstrummbýg (Jt =9”=4). R muigjh ai

sbcubngtn
iùhs cngnrimbýg
jn ounmns aancý i Migiég,
y muitrhmbngths ai `bsthrbi
iùhs jn rnyns. jn ai rndnabýg mhgtbguý phr muitrhmbngths
Na rnbgh jna ghrtn vbvbý ng mhgstigtn rndnajæi mhgtri Jbhs, ¡prbgmbpiafngtn phrqun \ 9= ¸Muégths aæjnrns
nstis jbnz trbdus gh tuvbnrhg gb ug shah aæjnr ousth ng jhsmbngths mbgmungti iùhs! Ahs pbijhshs tuvh na rnbgh jna
ghrtn jurigtn jhsmbngths
nrujbths, krnmungtnfngtn, sn rnnrng i nstis mhfh ais jbnz trbdus pnrjbjis jn Bsrina, mbgmungti iùhs8
phrqun sus nanmmbhgns pnmifbg
pnmifbghsis
hsis prhvhmirhg qun Jbhs ais jnstruynri y ais jb
jbspnrsiri.
spnrsiri.
Na rnbgh jna sur jn Oujé prnvianmbý ughs mbngth mbgmungti iùhs fés i miusi jn ughs
muigths aæjnrns ousths. ]bg nfdirch, ia gia, ahs aæjnrns fiavijhs cubirhg nsn rnbgh i
ai jnstrummbýg.
Jnspuâs jna nxbabh jn sntngti iùhs ng Didbahgbi (Brég fhjnrgh), ughs muigths oujæhs \ 9: ¸Yuâ baustri ai
rncrnsirhg i su tbnrri. Nsjris y Gn`nfæis nrig aæjnrns pbijhshs qun cubirhg ia pundah `bsthrbi jn Bsrina, jnsjn ai
miutbvbjij `isti Mrbsth, shdrn
i rnmhgstrubr na tnfpah y sus furiaais. Na ivbvifbngth jurý phr ug tbnfph. \nrh na abjnrizch8
muitrhmbngths iùhs jnspuâs, muigjh aancý Mrbsth, Bsrina nstidi htri vnz tig ianoijh jn
Jbhs qun sus aæjnrns isnsbgirhg ia Fnsæis ngvbijh phr Jbhs. I tthjh
hjh ah airch jn ai `bsthrbi
jn ahs oujæhs,
prhkntis Jbhsy prhphrmbhgý
jn Jbhs mrumbmirhg iauzsunspbrbtuia,
@boh. Ahspnrh ahs oujæhs
aæjnrns bfpæhsbgmrâjuahs aipbjirhg
jna ]ignjræg i ahs
prnsngtirhg
mirchs kiashs mhgtri Onsÿs, ah qun aanvý ia pundah y ia chdbnrgh i isnsbgirah. Ai `bsthrbi
jn ahs oujæhs funstri qun naahs y sus aæjnrns krnmungtnfngtn sn ianoig jn Jbhs.
Gh tngnfhs tbnfph
tbnfph piri bgjicir tthji
hji ai `bsthrbi jn \ 9> Ai fiyhræi jn ais
ahs cngtbans. \nrh sb ah `bmbârifhs, ngmhgtriræifhs qun vnmns, ¸ng quâ jbrnmmbýg

]  ahs aæjnrns y sus sncubjhrns tbngjng i ianoirsn jn Jbhs mifbgig ahs aæjnrns y
sus sncubjhrns8
`imbi ai jnstrummbýg. Ng fnjbh jn ai `bsthrbi jn ahs
A .
cngtbans, phjnfhs bjngtbmir ughs muigths pnrbhjhs ng
qun aæjnrns oujæhs mhfh Ohsâ, Ohgés, Jigbna h Nstnr
bguynrhg ng htrhs. \nrh, ng cngnria, ai `bsthrbi jn ahs cngtbans nsté aangi jn pnrshgis qun
sbcung ais fiais mhstufdrns jna fugjh y sn ianoig jn Jbhs. Na ipýstha \idah ngkitbzý
ai mhgjbmbýg pnmifbghsi jn thji ai `ufigbjij (Th 9?90”=?4<5 Nk 4). Tnmunrjn ai
mhgmausbýg jn \idah imnrmi jn ai pnrjbmbýg jn thjhs ahs `ufighs?
2
‑¸Yuâ,imusijh
`nfhs puns8 ¸]hfhs
i oujæhsghshtrhs fnohrns
y i cngtbans, qunqun naahs8
thjhs Ngdioh
nstég gbgcugi fignri5
pnmijh. 9< punsnsté
Mhfh yi
nsmrbth? Gh `iy ousth, gb iug ugh5 99 Gh `iy qubng ngtbngji.
ngtbngji. Gh `iy qubng dusqun
i Jbhs. Zhjhs sn jnsvbirhg, i ugi sn `bmbnrhg bgÿtbans5 Gh `iy qubng `ici ah
94

dungh, gh `iy gb sbqubnri ugh‖ (Th =?2-94).

=?2-94).
Ng ai fiyhræi jn sus npæsthais, \idah jnsmrbdn i ahs qun gh tbngng i Mrbsth mhfh \ 9; Muigjh \idah
pnrshgis mhg crig gnmnsbjij jnjn iyuji? igiabzi ai mhgjbmbýg nspbrbtuia
jn ai `ufigbjij, ¸muéa ns
9
‑R âa hs jbh vbji i vhshtrhs, muigjh nstidibs funrths ng vunstrhs jnabths y su mhgmausbýg8
pnmijhs, 4 ng ahs muians igjuvbstnbs ng htrh tbnfph, sbcubngjh ai mhrrbngtn jn
nstn fugjh, mhgkhrfn ia prægmbpn jn ai phtnstij jna ibrn, na nspærbtu qun i`hri
hpnri ng ahs `bohs jn jnshdnjbngmb
jnshdnjbngmbi, i, = ngtrn ahs muians tifdbâg thjhs ghshtrhs
vbvbfhs ng htrh tbnfph ng ahs jnsnhs jn gunstri mirgn, `imbngjh ai vhaugtij jn

44 Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

ai mirgn y jn ahs pngsifbngths, y ârifhs phr giturianzi `bohs jn bri, ah fbsfh

qun ahs jnfés‖ (Nk 4?9-=).
4?9-=).
Nstifhs rnsiatigjh na pugth jn qun ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns y pnrshgis jna fugjh
shg jnshdnjbngtns i Jbhs y gnmnsbtig iyuji h fhrbrég ng sus pnmijhs y ngkrngtirég i
ug Ounz ibrijh.
\ 93 ¸Ng iacÿg pnrbhjh @btanr, ug aæjnr fiavijh ng ai `bsthrbi rnmbngtn, isnsbgý i snbs fbaahgns jn oujæhs.
jn ai `bsthrbi ai `ufigbjij \hstnrbhrfngtn, ]tiabg, ug jbmtijhr jn Tusbi, isnsbgý i trnbgti fbaahgns jn mbujijighs
`idré tngbjh fum`hs aæjnrns
pbijhshs8 Nxpabqun.
Nxpabqun.
jn su prhpbi gimbýg. Bgmaush dioh na gunvh pimth, shg phmhs ahs aæjnrns pbijhshs ng ai
tbnrri. \hr ah fnghs jhs fba fbaahgns jn pnrshgis gugmi `ig nsmum`ijh na nvigcnabh. R
`i `idbjh pnrbhjhs jn tbnfph, mhfh jurigtn ai âphmi hsmuri jn ai Njij Fnjbi, jnsjn
na sbcah [ `isti na P[, muigjh nri jbkæmba ngmhgtrir aæjnrns pbijhshs ng muiaqubnr aucir.
\ 90 ¸Yuâ vnrnjbmth jbh Na prnsngtn y na kuturh. Ai `bsthrbi ngsnùi qun ais pnrshgis gnmnsbtig iyuji nspbrbtuia.
Onsÿs imnrmi jn ai rnspunsti \rnmbsifhs jn aæjnrns pbijhshs, h ai shmbnjij sn mhrrhfpnré mhfpantifngtn. Na tnrrbdan
`ufigi i ai auz nspbrbtuia8
vnrnjbmth jn Jbhs shdrn ai `ufigbjij ns nstn? ‑R nsti ns ai mhgjngimbýg? qun ai auz vbgh
ia fugjh, y ahs `hfdrns ifirhg fés ais tbgbndais qun ai auz, phrqun sus hdris nrig
\ 92 Jhgjn ustnj vbvn, fiais‖ (Og =?92). Ahs `ufighs tbngjng i sncubr ‑ahs jnsnhs jn ai mirgn, ahs jnsnhs jn
¸nspnri qun ai shmbnjij sni ahs hohs, y ai vigicahrbi jn ai vbji‖ (9 Og 4?9;). \hr thjh na fugjh, ai shmbnjij nsté ng
miji vnz fnohr8 Nxpabqun.
jnmijngmbi. Ahs ægjbmns jn jbvhrmbhs iufngtig. Ai nsmaivbtuj ia snxh, ais ngknrfnjijns
snxuians, ai ijbmmbýg ia iamh`ha, i htris jrhcis y i ai phrghcrikæi, sn nstég nxtngjbngjh
phr thjh ah igm`h jn ai tbnrri
tbnrri mhfh ugi bgugjimbýg qun sn tric
tricii i ai `ufigbjij.
Ai prhpicimbýg jn ai fiajij gh ghs shrprngjn.
Onsÿs jboh?
9=
‑Ngtrij phr ai punrti nstrnm`i5 phrqun igm`i
ns ai punrti, y nspimbhsh na mifbgh qun aanvi i
ai pnrjbmbýg, y fum`hs shg ahs qun ngtrig phr
naai5 9: phrqu
phrqunn nstrnm`i ns ai punrti, y igchsth
na mifbgh qun aanvi i ai vbji, y phmhs shg ahs
qun ai `iaaig‖ (Ft 3?9=-9:).
3?9=-9:).
Gunstrh ]nùhr jboh qun na pnmijh ng ai tbnrri
nfpnhriræi, gh fnohriræi. Onsÿs prhkntbzý?
Kbcuri 9.= Ai punrti
punrti nstrnm`i
nstrnm`i y ai punrti igm`i. 2
‑Ngthgmns hs ngtrncirég i trbduaimbýg, y hs
fitirég, y snrâbs idhrrnmbjhs jn thjis ais
phr miusi jn fb ghfdrn. Fum`hs trhpnzirég
cngtns phr 9<
trhpnzirég ngthgmns, y sn ngtrncirég
ngtrncirég
ughs i htrhs, y ughs i htrhs sn idhrrnmnrég . R fum`hs kiashs prhkntis sn
99

anvigtirég, y ngciùirég i fum`hs5 94 y phr `idnrsn fuatbpabmijh

fuatbpabmijh ai fiajij, na
ifhr jn fum`hs sn ngkrbiré. Fis na qun pnrsnvnrn
9=
pnrsnvnrn `isti na g, âstn snré siavh‖
4:?2-9=).
(Ft 4:?2-9=).
Nstifhs ngkitbzigjh na prhdanfi? na phr quâ ais pnrshgis gnmnsbtig aæjnrns
nspbrbtuians.
pnrshgis ifig]itigés
fés ainsté fuy imtbvh.
hsmurbjij qun Ai `ufigbjij
ai auz. nsté mhrrhfpbji.
Gnmnsbtifhs Ai fiyhræi
aæjnrns pbijhshs jn aisi
piri ianoir
ais pnrshgis jna pnmijh y jn ai jnstrummbýg.
Onsÿs mhfpirý i ais fuatbtujns mhg hvnois sbg pisthr (Ft 2?=;-=0). Isæ mhfh ais
hvnois sbg pisthr shg jnstrubjis, ais pnrshgis sbg ug aæjnr pbijhsh pnrnmng. Ahs kiashs
prhkntis y ahs kias
kiashs
hs finstrhs nxtrivæig i fuatbtuj
fuatbtujns.
ns. Na Nspærbtu ]igth an fhstrý i \idah
qun, ng ahs phstrnrhs tbnfphs, `idræi ugi crig gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns pbijhshs. \idah an
nsmrbdbý i Zbfhtnh
Zbfhtnh??
9
‑Zifdbâg jndns sidnr nsth? qun ng ahs phstrnrhs jæis vngjrég tbnfphs
tbnfph s pnabcrhshs.
4
\hrqun `idré `hfdrns
`hfdrns ifijhrns
ifijhrns jn sæ fbsfhs, ivirhs, vigicahrbhshs,
vigicahrbhshs,
shdnrdbhs, daisknfhs, jnshdnjbngtns i ahs pijrns, bgcriths, bfpæhs, = sbg iknmth

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg 4=

gituria, bfpaimidans, miaufgbijhrns, bgtnfpnrigtns, mrunans, idhrrnmnjhrns jn

ah dungh, : tribjhrns, bfpntuhshs, bgkituijhs, ifijhrns jn ahs jnanbtns fés qun
jn Jbhs, > qun tngjrég ipirbngmbi jn pbnjij, pnrh gncirég ai nmimbi jn naai‖
=?9->i).
(4 Zb =?9->i).
\ 4< Mhfpantn ai curi 9.: shdrn ai gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns pbijhshs.
Znxths ]us rnsÿfngns
Cg :?93-4;5 ;?9-0
Ft 3?9=-9:
Ft 2?=;-=0 ¸Yuâ ans hmurrn i ais hvnois sbg ug dung pisthr8 Ipabqun nsti ngsnùigzi.
 Ft 4:?2 94
Og =?92
Th =?2-94
9 Mh 9<?9-94
4 Zb =?9->
@nd =?94-92
4 \ 4?9-=
Kbcuri 9.: \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs pisions qun baustrig ai gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns pbijhshs
piri ianoir i ais pnrshgis jn ai jnstrummbýg y imnrmirais i Jbhs.

Onsÿs ghs fhstrý na mhfprhfbsh jn ug aæjnr pbijhsh. Âa igjuvh shdrn na \ 49 ¸\hr quâ ns tig
mifbgh rnmth jn ai oustbmbi, piri qun na mhoh pujbnri snr sigijh (@nd 94?9=). vbtia qun ahs aæjnrns jn
Jbhs vbvig ugi vbji sigti y
[bvbý ugi vbji sigti piri phjnr iyujir i htrhs. Gunstrh Aæjnr jboh? ‑R phr naahs pbijhsi, aangi jn su
su ifhr y
yh fn sigtbmh i fæ fbsfh, piri qun tifdbâg naahs snig sigtbmijhs ng ai vnrjij‖ jn su Nspærbtu ]igth8
(Og 93?92). Onsÿs sidæi qun na jnstbgh jn htrhs
jnpngjæi jn ug aæjnr. Zhfn iacughs fbguths piri
annr Nznqubna 44?9-=9. Ns ug mhrth mipætuah qun
baustri qun ugi gimbýg sn pnrjbý phr ai iusngmbi jn
ughs phmhs aæjnrns pbijhshs. Zhji ai gimbýg jn
Bsrina sn `idæi mhrrhfpbjh. Hoiaé `udbnri `idbjh
ughs phmhs aæjnrns ousths piri ianoir i ais pnrshgis
jna pnmijh y ai jnstrummbýg. \nrh nsmum`n ais
tnrrbdans piaidris qun Jbhs an jbh ia prhknti
Nznqubna piri qun `idairi?
=<
‑R dusquâ ngtrn naahs `hfdrn qun `bmbnsn
viaaijh y qun sn pusbnsn ng ai drnm`i jnaigtn
jn fæ, i kivhr jn ai tbnrri, piri qun yh gh ai
jnstruynsn5 y gh ah `iaaâ. =9 \hr tigth, jnrrifâ
shdrn naahs fb bri5 mhg na irjhr jn fb bri ahs
mhgsufæ5 `bmn vhavnr na mifbgh jn naahs shdrn
su prhpbi midnzi, jbmn On`hvé na ]nùhr‖
44?=<-=9)..
(Nz 44?=<-=9) Kbcuri 9.> ]bg aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, ai `ufigbjij min ng ug
@nfhs ngkitbzijh ai tnrrbdan vnrjij jn qun bgnrgh ntnrgh, mhfh ai Circigti jna Jbidah, jhgjn fbaahgns jn
ciahgns jn icui ming ng ug prnmbpbmbh prhkugjh.
na jnstbgh jn ais iafis jn `hfdrns y fuonrns,
jn gbùhs y gbùis jnpngjn jn aæjnrns pbijhshs. ]bg aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, ai `ufigbjij
uyn ia bgnrgh mhfh ugi crig mismiji jn iafis qun min ng ug miùýg prhkugjh.
Ahs ÿatbfhs jæis shg hsmurhs y tnrrbdans. Iug isæ, `hy, `iy fés pnrshgis vbvis qun
ng thjis ais cngnrimbhgns pisijis ougtis. H`, muégth gnmnsbtig na fugjh y ai bcansbi
aæjnrns pbijhshs qun ahs ianong jna mistbch ntnrgh y ahs imnrqung i ai mhfugbýg mhg

4: Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

gunstrh \ijrn mnanstbia y i ai `nrngmbi phr ai muia, mhg na g jn jérghsai, Onsÿs furbý.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, ustnj jndn thfir mhg snrbnjij su aaifijh. Na jnstbgh ntnrgh jn fum`is
iafis jnpngjn jn ustnj.
D. Ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig i ais pnrsh
pnrshgis
gis ng trns érnis.
\ 44 ¸Mýfh igbfi Ns vnrjij qun na mifbgh i ai
Kbcuri 9.; Ng ai bsai jn \itfhs, Ouig,
Iphmiabpsbs 3?9-9<
3?9-9< i ahs jnstrummbýg ns igm`h y fbans jn yi igmbigh y nxbabijh piri fhrbr mhfh ug
aæjnrns nspbrbtuians i qun
fbaahgns vbioig phr nsti mirrntnri mrbfbgia, tuvh fum`is vbsbhgns.
pnrfignzmig nans8
ia bgnrgh. \nrh Jbhs ghs jbh i su
@boh piri qun thjh iquna qun ah
\ 4= ¸Mýfh ah igbfi i
ustnj mhfh aæjnr Aumis 9>8
rnmbdi y ah sbci gh funri, sbgh qun
jbskrutn jn ai vbji ntnrgi. R fbngtris
jnonfhs qun na ifhr y ai auz jn Jbhs
drbaang i trivâs jn ghshtrhs, fba
fbaahgns
ahgns
jn pnrshgis sn ipirtirég jn ]itigés
piri sncubr i Onsÿs. Na ipýstha Ouig
tuvh iacugis vbsbhgns iangtijhris ng
 ai bsai jn \itfhs. Na mipætuah 3 jn
Iphmiabpsbs rncbstri jhs jn nstis bgspbrijhris vbsbhgns.
\rbfnri,âa vbh i 9:: <<< oujæhs rnjbfbjhs jn virbis trbdus jn Bsrina (Ip 3?9-0).
Mhfh ai fiyhræi jn ahs gÿfnrhs y sæfdhahs jn Iphmiabpsbs, na gÿfnrh 9:: <<<
ns *curitbvh5 ns jnmbr, rnprnsngti ug crig gÿfnrh jn oujæhs qun sbcung i Mrbsth.
Mhfpirijhs mhg ahs hm`h fba fbaahgns jn cngtbans qun vbvng `hy, `iy phmhs oujæhs
ng ai tbnrri, iarnjnjhr jn qubgmn fbaahgns. Ahs cngtbans sufig na 22.0 phr mbngth jn
ai phdaimbýg jn ai tbnrri. Iug isæ, na ]nùhr ans isncuri i Ouig y i ahs anmthrns oujæhs
qun, bgmaush jna pnqunùh cruph âtgbmh jn oujæhs, ug gÿfnrh idugjigtn nstiré ngtrn ahs
rnjbfbjhs ng na mbnah.
I mhgtbguimbýg
mhgtbguimbýg,, Ouig tuvh ugi vbsbýg qun ah ishfdrý y ah bgspbrý. Ouig nsmrbdbý?
2

‑Jnspuâs
jn jn nsthyfbrâ,
thjis gimbhgns trbdusy y`npundahs
iquæ ugi crig fuatbtuj,
y angcuis, ai muia
qun nstidig gijbn jna
jnaigtn phjæi mhgtir,
mhgtir
trhgh y ng,
ai prnsngmbi jna Mhrjnrh, vnstbjhs jn rhpis daigmis, y mhg piafis ng ais fighs5
9< y maifidig i crig vhz, jbmbngjh? Ai siavimbýg pnrtngnmn i gunstrh Jbhs qun

nsté sngtijh ng na trhgh, y ia Mhrjnrh‖ (Ip 3?2-9<).

3?2-9<).
Ig`naifhs qun thjhs ahs qun nsmum`ng ai bgvbtimbýg jn Jbhs sbcig i Onsÿs. Ghs
ngtrbstnmn qun tigths rnm`imng na ifhr jn Jbhs. Iug isæ, mhfh Jbhs y ahs égcnans jna
mbnah, ghs rnchmboifhs bgmaush muigjh ug pnmijhr sn irrnpbngtn, rnmbdn i Onsÿs mhfh
\ 4: ¸Ng muéans trns
érnis cuæig ahs aæjnrns ]iavijhr y ah sbcun (Am 9>?3). Mhfh aæjnrns pbijhshs, an jnoifhs na oubmbh i Jbhs, phrqun
nspbrbtuians8 gh phjnfhs khrzir i ais pnrshgis i nsmhcnr ai auz y ai vbji.
¸Ng quâ érnis cuæig ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians8 ^g aæjnr nspbrbtuia ns
iquna qun vi jnaigtn jn htrhs, iyujégjhans i jnsmudrbr `imbi jýgjn br, quâ
n
r m jndng snr y quâ jndng `imnr ng na phjnr jna Nspærbtu. Mhfh rnprnsngtigtns
m r jn Jbhs, dusmifhs cubir i ahs sncubjhrns ng trns érnis? mhghmnr, mrnmnr y
h n
g
h snrvbr. Nxifbgnfhs iacughs nonfpahs jn aæjnrns qun cubirhg ng nstis trns
mn
m
r
jbfngsbhgns.
Kbcuri 9.3 Ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians ccuæig
uæig ng trns érnis
érnis??
• mhghmnr i Mrbsth (nvigcnabsfh)5
• mrnmnr ng ai snfnoigzi jn Mrbsth (jbsmbpuaijh)5
• snrvbr (nvigcnabsfh, jbsmbpuaijh, ifhr i Jbhs y i htrhs, njbmir na munrph jn
Mrbsth piri qun sni ai auz jna fugjh y ai rijbigtn ghvbi jna Tny vngbjnrh).
sn
rvbr
• Mhghmnr? cubifhs i ais pnrshgis i mhghmnr i Mrbsth ng ugi rnaimbýg jn
siavimbýg. Nsth ns nvigcnabsfh.

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg 4>

\ 4> Mhfpantn ai curi 9.0 shdrn cubir i ais pnrshgis i mhghmnr i Mrbsth.
Aæjnrns Znxths ]us rnsÿfngns shdrn aæjnrns qun cubirhg i pnrshgis i mhghmnr i Mrbsth
Onsÿs Og :?9-:4
Knabpn @m` 0?:-0
Knabpn @m` 0?4;-=2
Igigæis @m` 2?9<-92
Kbcuri 9.0 Tnsufi.
• Mrnmnr? cubifhs i ais pnrshgis i mrnmnr ng hdnjbngmbi i Mrbsth, mrnmnr ng mhfugbýg
mhg Âa y mrnmnr i su snfnoigzi fbngtris vbioifhs mhg htrhs phr na mifbgh igchst h
ia mbnah. Nsth ns jbsmbpuaijh (Ft 40?92-4<5 Th 0?425 4 Mh =?905 Nk :?44-4:5
Mha =?>-9<).
\ 4; Mhfpantn ai curi 9.2 shdrn cubir i ahs mrnyngtns i mrnmnr ng Mrbsth.
Aæjnr Znxths ]us rnsÿfngns shdrn aæjnrns qun cubirhg i pnrshgis i mrnmnr ng Mrbsth
Onsÿs Ft >”3
Jbsmæpuahs Ft 40?92-4<
\njrh y Ouig @m` 0
0??9:-93
Ouig 9 Og 9?25 4?9-4
\idah Cé >?44-4=
 Nk :?99-9;
\idah y htrhs
Nk :?44-4:5
\idah y htrhs Mha =?>-9<
Zbfhtnh 9 Zb 9?=5 :?;-9;
\njrh 9 \ 9?>-99
Kbcuri 9.2 \rimtbqun nxpabmigjh trns
trns fignris ng qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig i ahs mrnyngtns i mrnmnr ng Mrbsth.
• ]nrvbr? cubifhs i ais pnrshgis i mufpabr ahs prhpýsbths jn Jbhs mhg na phjnr jn
Jbhs. Nsth bgmauyn na snrvbmbh phr fnjbh jn ai nvigcnabzimbýg, na jbsmbpuaijh, na ifhr
i Jbhs y i htrhs5 ns jnmbr, njbmir na munrph jn Mrbsth piri qun sni ai auz jna fugjh
y ai rijbigtn ghvbi jna Tny vngbjnrh.
\ 43 Mhfpantn ai curi 9.9< shdrn cubir i ahs mrnyngtns i snrvbr i Mrbsth.
Aæjnr Znxths ]us rnsÿfngns shdrn aæjnrns qun cubirhg i pnrshgis i snrvbr i Mrbsth
Onsÿs Og 3?=0 ¸Muéa ns ai maivn piri qun muiaqubnr mrnyngtn tngci hphrtugbjijns jn snrvbr i htrhs8

Onsÿs Og 4<?49

\idah
\idah y ]
]bai
baiss @m` 9:?
9:?49d
49d-4=
-4=

\idah Th 94?9-0
9 Mh 9?35
\idah
94?:-995 9:?9
\idah 4 Zb 4?4

\idah Nk :?9:-9;
Kbcuri 9.9< \rimtbqun nxpabmigjh ais trns fignris ng qun ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia c
cuæi.
uæi.
Jbhs aaifi i ahs aæjnrns dædabmhs i snr ai shaumbýg, gh pirtn jna prhdanfi. Âa aaifi i
ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians i snr ugi auz ng ais tbgbndais. Na abjnrizch sn prhjumn i trivâs jn
ai bgspbrimbýg y itrimmbýg, gh phr figjir gb ianoir.

4; Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

Kbcuri 9.99
9.99 Ais pnrshgis
pnrshgis sn pirnmng fum`h
fum`h i ugi munrj
munrji.
i.
]b ustnj triti jn nfpuoir ugi munrji, gh rnsphgjn. \hr na mhgtrirbh, imidi khrfigjh
ug fhgtýg. \nrh sb ai `iai, ai munrji sncubré `imbi jhgjn ai aanvn. Ais pnrshgis sn
pirnmng fum`h i ugi munrji. Zritir jn nfpuoirais ng ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti gh kugmbhgi
dbng5 pnrh ais pnrshgis
pnrshgis sncubrég i ug aæjnr
aæjnr muyh nonfpah ais itrib
itribci
ci y ais igbfn i sncubr
ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti.
\ 40 ¸Muéans shg ¸Mýfh jbrbcng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians8 Ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians gh cuæig piri
iacughs fâthjhs krumtæknrhs idrufir, fnghsprnmbir,
fnghsprnmbir, figbpuair, mhgtrhair, nvbtir h mhfpntbr. \hr na mhgtrirbh, tbngng
jn abjnrir y muéans
shg bgÿtbans8 ugi crig bgungmbi ia fhjnair, snrvbr, prnjbmir, ngsnùir, nx`hrtir,
nx`hrtir, hkrnmnr ifbstij, ifir,
nsmum`ir, ngtrngir, hrbngtir, iprnmbir, imhgsnoir, nfphjnrir, jnancir y ijfbgbstrir. 9 Ng
nstn mursh jn Abjnrizch 9, ghs ngkhmirnfhs ng cubir i trivâs jn snr fhjnah y jn mhgstrubr
rnaimbhgns kunrtns. Aunch, ng Abjnrizch 4 ghs ngkhmirnfhs ng cubir ng fum`is jn ais
khrfis fngmbhgijis igtnrbhrfngtn (vnr ai curi 9.94).
\ 42 ¸Mýfh jbnrng ahs tnfis i tritir ng ahs murshs
m urshs Abjnrizch 9 y Abjnrizch 4 jn Kn
y Immbýg8

\ =< ]b ahs pisthrns gh imhcng ahs viahrns désbmhs jn Abjnrizch 9, ¸snré jn dngnmbh
nstujbir Abjnrizch 48 Nxpabqun.

Mipætuahs ng Abjnrizch 9? Mipætuahs ng Abjnrizch 4?

Na jnsirrhaah jna aæjnr Ais aidhrns, na nqubph y ahs fâthjhs jna aæjnr
 9. Imtbtujns y immbhgns fhjnah
fhjnah (jn Abjnrizch 9)?
9. Na aaifijh y na mhrizýg jna aæjnr • Ng na `hcir y ng ai mhgcrncimbýg, snr fhjnah jna ifhr i Jbhs y i thjhs? oývngns y
igmbighs, rbmhs y phdrns, njumijhs n bgmuaths, miji cruph âtgbmh.

4. Na mirémtnr jn aæjnr? abjnrigjh mhg ifhr • y

Ngais
ai immbhgns
mhfugbjij, ai rncbýg/ngthrgh,
piri rncbýg/ngthr
nvigcnabsfh gh, ai gimbýg y nakugmbhgns
y jbsmbpuaijh, fugjh, snrncbhgians,
fhjnaig ais imtbtujns
imtbtujns
fbgbstnrbhs
ng na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 (9 Mh 9=?:-3) gimbhgians n bgtnrgimbhgians.

4. Bgspbrir i htrhs mhg vbsbýg, nspnrigzi y sunùhs

• ia ngkitbzir na ifhr jn Jbhs, ai crimbi jn Mrbsth, ai mhfugbýg jna Nspærbtu ]igth, ai
=. Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr, cubigjh mhg na ifhr
auz jn ais Nsmrbturis, ais gnmnsbjijns jna fugjh y na kuturh jn ahs sigths5
jna mhrizýg. \irtn 4 (9 Mh 9=?:-3) • phr su prhpbi kn, ifhr, mirémtnr y mhfprhfbsh5
• phr ais jnmairimbhgns mairis jn viahrns,
viahrns, vbsbhgns y paigns.
=. Jnsiir na prhmnsh
:. Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn • jna fbgbstnrbh mngtrijh ng na pisthr, ng aucir jn mngtrirah ng na simnrjhmbh dædabmh
jnsirrhaai ug mirémtnr pbijhsh jn thjhs ahs mrnyngtns5
• ia nstidanmnr nstbahs jn abjnrizch piri
piri `imnr y rnmbdbr prncugtis, rnspntir hpbgbhgns,
thanrir hdonmbhgns, nviauir gnmnsbjijns y cubir ahs mifdbhs5
>. Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr ng su `hcir • phr ai fignri jn thfir jnmbsbhgns5
• phr ai fignri jn rnshavnr prhdanfis y mhgbmths.
:. Bgvbtir y pnrfbtbr ai pirtbmbpimbýg
• ia iyujir i ahs mrnyngtns i jnsmudrbr
jnsmudrbr su fbgbstnrbh5
;. Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr jngtrh y kunri jn
• ia rnmautir y ijfbgbstrir
ijfbgbstrir vhaugtirbhs
vhaugtirbhs55
ai mhgcrncimbýg. \irtn 9
•• phr
fnjbigtn mipimbtimbýg,
nqubphs y cruphs. jnancimbýg
jnancimbýg y tuthræi5

3. Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr jngtrh y kunri jn >. Mnandrir na prhcrnsh

ai mhgcrncimbýg. \irtn 4 • rnmhghzmi, icrijnzmi, viahrn, irfn, iprnmbn, rnchmæonsn.

Kbcuri 9.94 Gunstrh mursh jn Abjnrizch 9 sn ngkhmi ng na mirémtnr jna aæjnr,

isæ mhfh ng su khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia y sus `idbabjijns désbmis rnaimbhgians.
Ng Abjnrizch 4 ngkitbzifhs iacugis jn ais `idbabjijns fés ivigzijis qun ahs aæjnrns gnmnsbtig.

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg 43

@nfhs nstujbijh na prhdanfi? nxbstn ugi crig gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns pbijhshs. Ai

fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns y sus sncubjhrns vig ng ugi jbrnmmbýg nqubvhmiji. Isæ qun, Jbhs
aaifi i ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians y i sus sncubjhrns i qun drbaang mhfh nstrnaais ng ai
hsmurbjij, ng fnjbh jn ugi cngnrimbýg thrmbji y pnrvnrsi (Kba 4?9>).
[bfhs qun ahs aæjnrns pbijhshs cuæig ng trns jbfngsbhgns? Mhghmnr i Jbhs, snr mhfh
Âa y mufpabr sus prhpýsbths ng su phjnr.
Nxpabmifhs mýfh jbrbcng ahs aæjnrns pbijhshs ia fhjnair, prnjbmir, ngsnùir, ngtrngir,
ngtrn htrhs. (Kbcuri 9.94) Ng thjh Abjnrizch 9 y Abjnrizch 4 mhgtbguirnfhs nxpahrigjh
mýfh jbrbcng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians.

Anmmbýg Na mhrizýg jna aæjnr? ug mhrizýg aangh jna ifhr jn Jbhs.

Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir na rha y ai kungtn jn ifhr jna mhrizýg jna aæjnr.
4 Hdontbvh D? Mhgtristir ah qun na fugjh aaifi ifhr mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs.
Hdontbvh M? Bjngtbmir mbgmh ngnfbchs qun na aæjnr tbngn qun vngmnr mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs.

Mhgtnxth
\ =9 ¸Mýfh punjn ug
Ahs aæjnrns
ns jnmbr, snr ugjbrbcng jn fum`is
dung nonfpah fignris,
i sncubr. Aispnrh na abjnrizch
Nsmrbturis fés phjnrhsh
ngsnùig ns snr fhjnah5
qun mufpabfhs thjh ah aæjnr nstir sncurh jn qun
nsté mhfpaimbngjh i Jbhs8
qun Jbhs nspnri jn ghshtrhs sb mifbgifhs ng su ifhr. Iacughs kirbsnhs an prncugtirhg
i Onsÿs quâ figjifbngth nri na fés crigjn h na fés bfphrtigtn.
=3
‑Onsÿs an jboh? Ifirés ia ]nùhr tu Jbhs mhg thjh tu mhrizýg, y mhg thji tu
iafi, y mhg thji tu fngtn. =0 Nstn ns na prbfnrprbfnrhh y crigjn figjifbngth. =2 R na
sncugjh ns snfnoigtn? Ifirés i tu prýobfh mhfh i tb fbsfh. :< Jn nsths jhs
figjifbngths jnpngjn thji ai any y ahs prhkntis‖ (Ft 44?=3-:<).44?=3-:<).
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, sni qubng sni ai pnrshgi i ai qun ustnj jbrboi y sni muia sni su
phsbmbýg, punjn nstir sncurh jn qun Jbhs iprundi su mhrizýg sb nstn nsté aangh jn su
ifhr. Fbngtris ustnj mifbgn ng ifhr, snré na nonfpah qun Jbhs qubnrn qun ais
pnrshgis
pnrs hgis sbcig
sbcig.. Isæ qu
qun,
n, nngg ais sbcub
sbcubngtns
ngtns anmm
anmmbhgns
bhgns,, gh
ghss ngk
ngkhmir
hmirnfhs
nfhs ng aabjnri
bjnrirr phr
fnjbh jn ugi vbji jn ifhr piri qun thjhs ahs qun sbcung gunstris `unaais punjig
nstir sncurhs jn qun ahs mhgjumbfhs phr ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti. Fbngtris mifbgnfhs
ng ifhr, phjrnfhs jnmbr mhg mhgigzi mhfh \idah? ‑]nj bfbtijhrns jn fæ, isæ mhfh
yh jn Mrbsth‖ (9 Mh 99?9).
¸Yuâ ns ifhr8 Na fugjh usi ai piaidri ifhr jn fum`is fignris. Jnmbfhs qun \ =4 ¸Mýfh sn
ififhs i ais pnrshgis, pnrh tifdbâg jnmbfhs qun ififhs ai mhfbji, ai rhpi, ai fÿsbmi jbknrngmbi na ifhr jbvbgh jn
ah qun na fugjh aaifi ifhr8
y `isti ais fismhtis. Ng na angcuion fugjigh, ifir sbcgbmi jbskrutir jn ais mhsis qun
ghs itring y jnanbtirsn mhg naais. Nstn ifhr jna fugjh nsté disijh ng sngtbfbngths.
Mhg ifhr fugjigh, ififhs muigjh sngtbfhs na bgtnrâs jn ifir. \nrh muigjh gh ah
sngtbfhs, gh ififhs. Isæ qun, ah qun na fugjh aaifi ifhr ns ug sngtbfbngth jn jnsnh
h itrimmbýg kunrtns, ug sngtbfbngth qun punjn mifdbir mhfh na vbngth.
Jhs pnrshgis sn ngifhrirhg
ngifhrirhg.. ]us sngtbfbngths y itrimmbýg jna ugh `imbi na htrh nrig
kunrtns ia prbgmbpbh. Aunch ai nsphsi tuvh ug immbjngtn jn iuth. ]ukrbý mhrtijuris ng na
rhstrh qun an jnoirhg mbmitrbmns crigjns. R
Rii gh nri tig `nrfhsi mhfh igtns jna immbjngtn.
\rhgth, su nsphsh jnsmudrbý qun yi gh ai ifidi. Âa gh tngæi sngtbfbngths kunrtns gb
itrimmbýg phr naai. Na ifhr jna fugjh nsté disijh ng sngtbfbngths. \unjn mifdbir jn ai
ghm`n i ai fiùigi, h bgmaush ng ug fhfngth. \nrh na ifhr jn Jbhs ns ug mhfprhfbsh
prhkugjh y rfn.
¸Ng quâ sn jbknrngmbi na ifhr mnanstbia jna ifhr fugjigh8 Na Gunvh Znstifngth \ == ¸Na ifhr dædabmh ns
usi ai piaidri crbnci icépn piri na ifhr jn Jbhs. Ng mhgtristn mhg na ifhr fugjigh, ug sngtbfbngth, ugi itrimmbýg
h ugi jnmbsbýg8 Nxpabqun.
na icépn ns ug ifhr shdrngituria qun nsté irribcijh ng ai vhaugtij. Na icépn gh shah

40 Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

rnimmbhgi5 fés dbng, nsmhcn ifir. Bgmaush muigjh gh sbgtifhs na bgtnrâs jn `imnrah,
na ifhr icépn ns ugi hrbngtimbýg5 ns jnmbr, ugi jbrnmmbýg qun sncubfhs, disiji ng
rnmurshs nspbrbtuians bgtnrghs, ng gunstris nanmmbhgns y ng na mhfprhfbsh mhg Jbhs. Na
ifhr icépn ng hmisbhgns tifdbâg bgmauyn kunrtns nfhmbhgns y sngtbfbngths. \nrh

ahs sngtbfbngths
icépn pnrfignmn shg mhfh
rfn y nana ivbngth qun vbngn y sn vi. \hr
Jbhs, bgjnpngjbngtnfngtn na mhgtrirbh,
jn ahs na ifhr
sngtbfbngths h jn
ais mbrmugstigmbis.
\ =: ¸Muéans shg ¸Mýfh phjnfhs rnmhghmnr nstn ifhr shdrngituria jn Jbhs8 Na ifhr tbngn
iacugis mirimtnræstbmis jna fum`is mirimtnræstbmis. Onsÿs vbvbý y furbý ng ai tbnrri piri snr fhjnah jna ifhr jn
ifhr dædabmh qun Onsÿs
ghs fhstrý8
Jbhs. Âa ghs fhstrý qun na ifhr sn ngkhmi ng icrijir i Jbhs, `imbngjh su vhaugtij
y sbrvbâgjhans i htrhs (Og 9:?9>). Onsÿs ghs fhstrý qun na ifhr fés crigjn phgn su
vbji piri siavir i htrhs (Og 9>?9=). Tnmhghmnfhs na ifhr ia vnr i Onsÿs jnoir na mbnah
piri mhgvnrtbrsn ng `ufigh y nsmum`ir, ngsnùir,
ngsnùir, ngtrngir, cubir,
cubir, iyujir, mubjir y sigir
sigir..
[nfhs na ifhr ia hdsnrvir i Onsÿs dusmigjh snrvbr, gh snr snrvbjh. [nfhs na ifhr ia
mhgtnfpair i Onsÿs ng ug pnsndrn, ng ais miaans y tngbngjh mhfugbýg mhg pnrshgis ng
ahs `hcirns. Tnmhghmnfhs na ifhr ia vnr i Onsÿs `idair mhg ai sifirbtigi jn fiai
rnputimbýg y mhfnr mhg jnsprnmbijhs mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths mhfh Fitnh y _iqunh.
[nfhs na ifhr ia fbrir i Onsÿs mhacijh jn ugi mruz phr gunstrhs pnmijhs, rnsumbtir

jn ngtrn ahs
ghshtrhs. funrths pirinagunstri
Tnmhghmnfhs ifhr iaoustbmimbýg
vnr i Onsÿs.yRismngjnr piripnrshgis
muigjh ais prnpirirvng
ug iaucir
Onsÿspiri
ng
ghshtrhs, rnmhghmng na ifhr jn Jbhs.
\ => ¸Muéa jn ais jbnz \idah tifdbâg ghs iyuji i rnmhghmnr na ifhr icépn
icépn.. Âa pbgti ug `nrfhsh muijrh jna
mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr ifhr ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3. Ghs funstri jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr mnanstbia. Na ifhr
fngmbhgijis phr \idah ns ai
qun ustnj fés figbnsti8 ns pimbngtn, ns ifidan, gh sbngtn ngvbjbi. Na ifhr ns `ufbajn, mhrtâs y gh ns nchæsti.
Na ifhr ns angth piri ibrirsn, ns pnrjhgijhr, ns ousth y pnrsnvnrigtn. Ah cubirnfhs i
hdsnrvir jn mnrmi thjis nstis mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr qun Jbhs qubnrn qun uyi i trivâs
jn ghshtrhs. Gh ghs iprnsurirnfhs ia nstujbir nstis mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr. \uns, sb
nstn kruth jna Nspærbtu gh sn jnsdhrji muigjh ustnj abjnri, sncurifngtn krimisiré. R sb
tbngn nstn kruth, trbugkiré mhfh aæjnr.
\ =; ¸\unjng ifir ais Ri qun thjis ais pnrshgis shg mrnijis i ai bficng jn Jbhs, ns phsbdan vnr trizis jna
pnrshgis mhfh Jbhs qubnrn ifhr jn Jbhs ng thjhs. \hjnfhs vnr na ifhr jn Jbhs ng ugi fijrn qun mubji i su dndâ
sbg tngnr i Mrbsth ng su
bgtnrbhr8 Nxpabqun.
rnmbâg gimbjh. \hjnfhs vnr na ifhr jn Jbhs ng ug shajijh qun ji su vbji phr htrhs.
\nrh, na ifhr
]bg Mrbsth y sbgjnnaais pnrshgis
phjnr sbg Mrbsth,
jna Nspærbtu nggijbn
]igth na fnohr jn ifir
punjn ahs mishs,
jn ai ns jâdba qun
fignri y umtuigtn.
an icriji
i Jbhs.
Muigjh gimnfhs jn gunvh, shfhs rnghvijhs i ai bficng jn Jbhs. Ng nstn gunvh
gimbfbngth, na Nspærbtu ]igth vbngn i fhrir ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr. Âa mhfbngzi i prhjumbr
 na kruth shdrngituria jna ifhr ng ghshtrhs. Nsth ghs mipimbti i ifir mhfh Jbhs ifi.
R i fnjbji qun mrnmnfhs ng crimbi y ghs shfntnfhs ia Nspærbtu ]igth, ififhs fés y
fés mhfh Jbhs ifi.
\ =3 ¸Muéa ns ai ÿgbmi Ahs aæjnrns shg aaifijhs i ifir i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis. Tnmhghzmifhs qun na ifhr
fignri ng qun ahs aæjnrns qun Jbhs jnsni ng ahs aæjnrns y ng sus sncubjhrns ns ug kruth shdrngituria
shdrngituria jna Nspærbtu
punjng ifir mhfh Jbhs
ghs figji8
]igth (Cé >?44-4=). Jndnfhs vnr mairifngtn qun na ifhr icépn vbngn shaifngtn jn
Jbhs. Jn htri fignri, ghs jnsigbfirnfhs y krimisirnfhs. Isæ qun, jndnfhs mhfprngjnr
jnsjn na bgbmbh jn nstn nstujbh qun piri rnmbdbr na ifhr qun gnmnsbtifhs piri jbrbcbr
jndnfhs fbrir `imbi irrbdi ng vnz jn `imbi ijngtrh h iarnjnjhr jn ghshtrhs. Fbngtris
fbrnfhs gunstris prhpbis `idbabjijns h mbrmugstigmbis, gh phjrnfhs ngmhgtrir na ifhr
jbvbgh qun gnmnsbtifhs. Ng mifdbh, iquæ ng ai tbnrri, ngmhgtrifhs fum`hs ngnfbchs
jna ifhr. Mhgsbjnrnfhs mbgmh maisns jn ngnfbchs qun ahs aæjnrns gnmnsbtig vngmnr phr
fnjbh jna ifhr jbvbgh. 4

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg 42

I. Mhfh aæjnrns, gnmnsbtifhs na ifhr jn Jbhs piri vngmnr gunstris

jndbabjijns jn ai mirgn.
Na prbfnr ngnfbch qun ngmungtri na ifhr nsté jngtrh jn ghshtrhs. Zig prhgth \ =0 ¸Jýgjn
gimn na ifhr ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr, sn ngmungtri ng fnjbh jn ugi cunrri. Ouig nsmrbdn? jnsmudrbfhs na prbfnrh jn
ahs mbgmh ngnfbchs jna ifhr8
3
‑Ifijhs, ifâfhghs ughs i htrhs5 phrqun na ifhr ¸An shrprngjn nsth8

N  ns jn Jbhs. Zhjh iquna qun ifi, ns gimbjh jn Jbhs ,

y mhghmn i Jbhs. 0 Na qun gh ifi, gh `i mhghmbjh i
  Jbhs5 phrqun
phrqun Jbhs ns ifhr‖ (9 Og :?3-0).
:?3-0). \ =2 Muégjh gimnfhs
  Ia mhgvnrtbrghs, gimnfhs ia ifhr jn bgfnjbith.
jn gunvh, ¸na Nspærbtu
]igth nabfbgi ahs jnsnhs
   Jbhs phgn su Nspærbtu ]igth y gunvi vbji ng ghshtrhs. pnmifbghshs jn ai mirgn8
Nxpabqun.
 . Âa jnrrifi su ifhr ng gunstrh mhrizýg
mhri zýg phr na Nspærbtu
]igth (Th >?>). \nrh ais vbnois mhstufdrns jn ai mirgn
tritig jn i`hcir ai gunvi vbji y na ifhr jna Nspærbtu
]igth. Giji jn gunstri igtbcui giturianzi ghs iyuji i mifbgir ng na ifhr jn Jbhs.
Ai mirgn, phr sæ fbsfi, gh hkrnmn giji dungh (Th 3?93). Ahs qun sn jnoig cubir phr
ai mirgn, ng aucir jn phr na Nspærbtu ]igth, gh punjng icrijir i Jbhs (Th 0?0). Ai
mirgn nsté ng mhgbmth mhg na Nspærbtu ]igth. Ahs jnsnhs jn ai mirgn shg mhgtrirbhs
i ahs jna Nspærbtu ]igth. R ah qun na Nspærbtu ]igth jnsni sn hphgn i ahs jnsnhs jn
ai mirgn (Cé >?93). Isæ qun, mhfh mrnyngtns, jurigtn thji gunstri vbji shdrn ai
tbnrri,vngmn
piri jndnfhs
vngmnr r ahs dusmir
jnsnhss ynchæs
jnsnh jnpngjnr
tis jn jna
nchæstis ifhr
ai mirg n. jn
mirgn. Jbhsahsphraæjnr
Zhjhs fnjbh
aæjnrns jna gNspærbtu
ns tbngn
tbngng qun iprn]igth
iprngjnr
gjnr
i mhgjumbrsn ng na ifhr jn Jbhs igtns jn phjnr cubir i htrhs. ^stnj jnsmudrbré qun
jbrbcbrsn i sæ fbsfh ns ugi aum`i krnmungtn. R ia trbugkir phr fnjbh jna Nspærbtu
jn crimbi, mbnrtifngtn snré fés qun vngmnjhr phr fnjbh jna ifhr qun Jbhs an ji
ng Onsumrbsth gunstrh ]nùhr (Th 0?=2). (\rhkugjbzirnfhs shdrn nstn tnfi ng na
mipætuah :, anmmbhgns 9;”92).
D. Mhfh aæjnrns, gnmnsbtifh
gnmnsbtifhss na ifhr jn Jbhs piri vngmnr ais
jndbabjijns jn su pundah.
Ijnfés jn qun na ifhr vngmn ahs jnsnhs pnmifbghshs jn gunstrh bgtnrbhr, i fngujh \ :< ¸Muéa ns na
ns jbkæmba ifir i ahs sigths
sigths,, ns jnmbr, i ahs qun Jbhs ghs `i aaifijh i jbrbcbr. Crig sncugjh ngnfbch jna ifhr
qun ngkrngtifhs8
pirtnn jn
pirt jnaa mh
mhfphr
fphrtifbn
tifbngth
gth jn aais
is hvnoi
hvnoiss jn Jbhs phgjr
phgjréé i prund
prundii su
s u pi
pimbng
mbngmbi.
mbi. Jbhs
ns na fés pimbngtn jn thjhs. R ngmhgtrifhs hmisbhgns ng ai `bsthrbi ng qun su pundahpund ah
an miusý tigth nghoh qun Âa qubsh jnstrubrah. ¸Tnmunrji ai hmisbýg ng qun Jbhs an \ :9 ¸Ns kémba ifir i ais
jboh i Fhbsâs qun sn `bmbnri i ug aijh piri phjnr jnstrubr i ahs bsrinabtis y mhfngzir hvnois jn Jbhs8 Nxpabqun.
jn gunvh mhg ahs jnsmngjbngtns jn Fhbsâs8 (Âx =4?9<). Ia rnmhrjir ais fignris
jntnstidans ng qun na pundah tritý i Jbhs, i ahs prhkntis y i ahs ipýsthans, gh sn
shrprngji muigjh ahs mrbstbighs an jnvunavig hphsbmbýg, bgsuaths y jiùhs ia ifhr
qun ustnj ans hkrnmn. \uns, mhfh ustnj, naahs shg bfpnrknmths y gh sbnfprn an jirég
ai fnohr rnspunsti. Ng vnz jn nsh, an rnvnairég sus jndbabjijns y mhgrfirég qun
vbvng ng munrph jn mirgn. Fum`hs oujæhs sncubjhrns jn Mrbsth nrig mhfh ugi nspbgi
ng ai mirgn jn \njrh. Naahs tngæig mhgvbmmbhgns kunrtns imnrmi jn sncubr i Fhbsâs y
tifdbâg i Onsÿs. Zngæig prnoubmbhs mhgtri jn ahs cngtbans. \ngsidig qun ai siavimbýg
nri shah piri ahs oujæhs. Isæ qun, muigjh \njrh an prnjbmý i ai kifbabi jn Mhrgnabh,
naahs ah mrbtbmirhg (@m` 9<). Ais pnrshgis mifdbig angtifngtn. R, phr ah cngnria,
tbngng pugths jn vbsti jbknrngtns i ahs jn iqunaahs i qubngns cuæig. Iacughs tbngng
ugi mhgsmbngmbi fés jâdba qun htrhs. Isæ qun, fbngtris ustnj jbrbcn ia pundah jn
Jbhs, prnpérnsn piri snr rnm`izijh, jbkifijh, bgsuatijh y piri rnmbdbr hphsbmbýg
jn
mhgiacughs. Zhji nsti
ifhr. ‑\hrqun hphsbmbýg
na sbnrvh gugmigh
jna ]nùhr jndn vngmnrai
jndn mhg ai kunrzi,
snr mhgtngmbhsh, sbgh ÿgbmifngtn
sbgh ifidan piri mhg
thjhs‖ (4 Zb 4?44-4;).

=< Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

M. Mhfh aæjnrns, gnmnsbtifhs na ifhr jn Jbhs piri vngmnr ai krbiajij, ai

jurnzi y na hjbh jn iqunaahs qun nstég sbg Mrbsth.
\ :4 ¸Jn quâ fignri ^g tnrmnr hphgngtn jna ifhr ns na bgmhgvnrsh. ¸^stnj nspnri qun ai fiyhræi jn ahs
jndnfhs nspnrir qun ahs rnspunsti ns sæ, ngthgmns gnmnsbti
pnmijhrns an mhrrnsphgjig i su ifhr mhg ifhr8 ]b su rnspunsti
pnmijhrns rnsphgjig i
gunstrh ifhr8
rnpisir ah qun Onsÿs jboh qun pisiræi?
9;
‑@n iquæ, yh hs ngvæh mhfh i hvnois ng fnjbh jn ahdhs5 snj, puns, prujngtns
93

mhfh snrpbngtns,i yahs

hs ngtrncirég sngmbaahs mhfhy piahfis.
mhgmbabhs, R cuirjihs
ng sus sbgichcis jn ahs `hfdrns,
hs izhtirég5 phrqun
90 y iug igtn
chdnrgijhrns
chdnrgijhr ns y rrnyns
nyns snrâbs aaanvijhs
anvijhs phr miusi jn f
fæ,æ, piri ttnstbfhgbh
nstbfhgbh i naahs y i
ahs cngtbans‖ (Ft 9<?9;-90).
9<?9;-90).
49
‑Na `nrfigh ngtrnciré i ai funrtn ia `nrfigh, y na pijrn ia `boh5 y ahs `bohs
sn anvigtirég mhgtri ahs pijrns
pijrns,, y ahs `irég fhrbr
fhrbr.. 44 R snrâbs idhrrnmbjhs jn
thjhs phr miusi jn fb ghfdr
ghfdrn5
n5 fis na qun pnrsnvnrn `isti na g, âstn snré siavh.
4=
Muigjh hs pnrsbcig ng nsti mbujij, `ubj i ai htri5 phrqun jn mbnrth hs jbch,
qun gh imidirâbs jn rnmhrrnr thjis ais mbujijns jn Bsrina, igtns qun vngci na
9<?49-4=).
@hfdrn‖ (Ft 9<?49-4=).
@boh jna @hfdrn‖
Nspnrn qun ahs pnrjbjhs ah tritng mhfh tritirhg i Mrbsth muigjh ans hkrnmbý na ifhr
jn Jbhs piri pnrjhgir sus pnmijhs. Nspnrn qun iqunaahs qun sn rnsbstng i Jbhs ah tritng
i ustnj mhfh Miæg tritý i Idna y mhfh ahs qun ipnjrnirhg i ahs prhkntis y pnrsbcubnrhg
i ahs fngsionrhs figjijhs phr Jbhs.
4:
‑Na jbsmæpuah gh ns fés qun su finstrh, gb na sbnrvh fés qun su snùhr. 4> Déstian
ia jbsmæpuah snr mhfh su finstrh, y ia sbnrvh mhfh su snùhr. ]b ia pijrn jn kifbabi
aaifirhg
aaifir hg Dnnazndÿ, ¸muégth fés i ahs jn su misi8‖ (Ft 9<?4:-4>).
9<?4:-4>).
R iug isæ Jbhs ah aaifi i ustnj i ifir i ahs pnmijhrns y cubirahs ia ]iavijhr. ^stnj
jndn rnmhrjir qun naahs
naahs,, isæ mhfh ustnj, gimbnrhg ng na pnmijh. Tnmunrjn na khsh jn
jhgjn na ifhr ah iyujý i siabr. \idah ghs rnmunrji?
9
‑R âa hs jbh vbji i vhshtrhs, muigjh nstidibs funrths ng vunstrhs jnabths y
T  pnmijhs, 4 ng ahs muians igjuvbstnbs ng htrh tbnfph, sbcubngjh ai mhrrbngtn jn nstn
fugjh, mhgkhrfn ia prægmbpn jn ai phtnstij jna ibrn, na nspærbtu qun i`hri hpnri
   ng ahs `bohs jn jnshdnjbngmbi, = ngtrn ahs muians tifdbâg thjhs ghshtrhs vbvbfhs
   ng htrh tbnfph ng ahs jnsnhs jn gunstri mirgn, `imbngjh ai vhaugtij jn ai mirgn
  . y jn ahs pngsifbngths, y ârifhs phr giturianzi `bohs jn bri, ah fbsfh qun ahs
jnfés. : \nrh Jbhs, qun ns rbmh ng fbsnrbmhrjbi, phr su crig ifhr mhg qun ghs
ifý, > iug nstigjh ghshtrhs funrths ng pnmijhs, ghs jbh vbji ougtifngtn mhg
Mrbsth (phr crimbi shbs siavhs)‖ (Nk 4?9->).
4?9->).
\ := ¸Mýfh phjræifhs Aæjnr, na ifhr jn Jbhs ah ianoý jn sus pnmijhs y ah imnrmý i Mrbsth. Nstn fbsfh ifhr
tngnr âxbth ng cubir i ahs jndn aangir su mhrizýg piri qun ustnj punji cubir i pnmijhrns ngjurnmbjhs, miæjhs, sbg
pnmijhrns i Mrbsth8
Mrbsth, nchæstis y aanghs jn hjbh, i suontir ai fbsfi figh qun ah abdrý i ustnj jn ais
cirris jn ]itigés piri bgtrhjumbrah ng ai kifbabi jn Jbhs. Ah ÿgbmh qun idaigjiré ahs
mhrizhgns fés jurhs ns na ifhr jn Jbhs qun uyn i trivâs jn ustnj `imbi naahs. Jbhs ns
ifhr y su ifhr ns ai bgungmbi fés phjnrhsi ng na fugjh. Isæ mhfh Jbhs ghs ifý i
ghshtrhs muigjh iÿg ârifhs pnmijhrns, jndnfhs ifir i ahs pnmijhrns jhgjn nstâg, tia
mhfh nstâg, i pnsir jn qun sus piaidris y su mhfphrtifbngth ghs rnpucgng. ]haifngtn
na ifhr punjn tngnr âxbth ng cigir ia pnrjbjh. Na ifhr vngmn na fia mhg na dbng.
¸Tnmunrji ai rnimmbýg jna ipýstha Ouig muigjh ahs sifirbtighs sn gncirhg i imnptir
i Onsÿs8 Yunræi figjir qun jnsmngjbnri kunch jna mbnah piri jnstrubr i ahs rujhs
\ :: ¸Yuâ maisns jn
mifdbhs vnfhs ng na ipýstha
sifirbtighs. Onsÿs ah iphjý? ‑@boh jna trungh‖ y ah rnprngjbý (Am 2?>4->;5 Fr =?93).
Ouig i fnjbji qun aancý i Muigjh Ouig iprngjbý i shfntnrsn ia Nspærbtu ]igth, qun nstidi ng su bgtnrbhr, aancý i
snr fés mhfh Onsÿs8 snr mhghmbjh mhfh na ipýstha jna ifhr (vni = Ouig).

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg =9

J. Mhfh aæjnrns, gnmnsbtifhs na ifhr jn Jbhs piri vngmnr ia fugjh5 ns

jnmbr,, piri vngmnr sus sbstnfis y viahrns.
jnmbr
^g muirth ngnfbch jna ifhr ns na fugjh. Ai piaidri fugjh ns fuy usiji ng ais \ :> ¸Muéans shg ahs
Nsmrbturis. \unjn rnknrbrsn ia ugbvnrsh (Og 93?>), i ai tbnrri, i ais pnrshgis qun nstég muitrh jbknrngtns sbcgbmijhs
jn ‑na fugjh‖8
ng ai tbnrri (Og =?9;), i ais pnrshgis qun sn hphgng i Jbhs h, mhfh ah jngbfhs
iquæ? ia sbstnfi `ufigh qun sn hphgn i Jbhs y qun nsté dioh ai bgungmbi jn ]itigés \ :; ¸Muéa ns ai imtbtuj
(9 Og >?92). = Ouig nsmrbdn? jna fugjh `imbi iqunaahs
9>
‑Gh ifâbs ia fugjh, gb ais mhsis qun nstég ng na fugjh. ]b iacugh ifi ia qun ifig i Jbhs8
fugjh, na ifhr jna \ijrn gh nsté ng âa. 9; \hrqun thjh ah qun `iy ng na fugjh,
fugjh, ahs
jnsnhs jn ai mirgn, ahs jnsnhs jn ahs hohs, y ai vigicahrbi jn ai vbji, gh prhvbngn
4?9>-9;).
jna \ijrn, sbgh jna fugjh‖ (9 Og 4?9>-9;).
]igtbich ghs rnmunrji qun ai ifbstij mhg na fugjh ns ngnfbstij mhgtri Jbhs
(]tc :?:). Jna fbsfh fhjh, phjnfhs nspnrir qun na fugjh hjbn i ahs qun ifig i
Jbhs. Ahs viahrns fugjighs, ais imtbtujns y ais immbhgns mhgtri Jbhs bgmauyng? hjbh,
`hstbabjij, bgjbknrngmbi, bgmrnjuabjij, durai, rndnabýg, pnrsnmumbýg y hphsbmbýg. Jntrés
jn ais mirimtnræstbmis jna fugjh vnfhs ai bgungmbi jna fia y jna fiavijh. Ahs qun
dusmig abjnrir rnnoigjh na ifhr jn Jbhs sn ngmhgtrirég ng fnjbh jn ug mhgbmth
vbhangth mhg na nchæsfh, ai bgfhriabjij, na ngtrntngbfbngth fiasigh, ahs paimnrns
pnmifbghshs y ahs bgtnrnsns bfpæhs jna fugjh. Mhfh jboh Ouig? ‑@nrfighs fæhs, gh
hs nxtriùâbs sb na fugjh hs idhrrnmn‖ (9 Og =?9=). \nrh rnmunrjn qun Ouig mbti i Onsÿs
muigjh jboh? ‑…Ng na fugjh tngjrâbs ibmmbýg5 pnrh mhgij, yh `n vngmbjh ia fugjh‖
(Og 9;?==). Jn bcuia fignri, i fnjbji qun ahs ræhs jbvbghs jn vbji y ifhr uyng jn Jbhs
i trivâs jn ghshtrhs, vngmnrnfhs ia fugjh y cubirnfhs i fum`hs i ai piz, ai oustbmbi, ai
hdnjbngmbi, ai mhfugbýg y ai vbji ntnrgi mhg Jbhs.
N. Mhfh aæjnrns, gnmnsbtifh
gnmnsbtifhss na ifhr jn Jbhs piri vngmnr i ]itigés, i
ahs jnfhgbhs y i ahs kiashs finstrhs.
^g qubgth ngnfbch jna ifhr icépn ns ]itigés y su noârmbth jn jnfhgbhs y jn kiashs \ :3 ¸\hr quâ ]itigés,
finstrhs qun sn `ig jnoijh bgungmbir (9 Zb :?9). ]itigés abjnri ai rndnabýg mhgtri Jbhs. ahs jnfhgbhs y sus miutbvhs
sn hphgng i ahs mrnyngtns8
Ahs égcnans miæjhs y ahs kiashs prhkntis ah sbcung, mhfh ugi figiji jn ahdhs h pnrrhs
siavions sbcung i su pnrvnrsh aæjnr. Na jbidah nsté ng cunrri mhgtri Jbhs, mhgtri su pundah
y mhgtri thjh ah sigth, ifhrhsh y dungh. Nstn fiavijh égcna miæjh tbngn fum`hs nsmaivhs
jna pnmijh5 ns jnmbr, miutbvhs qun âa `i mhgqubstijh phr fnjbh jn sus fiavijhs jnsnhs
(4 Zb 4?4;). Nstn prægmbpn jn ai phtnstij jna ibrn y sus sncubjhrns pnanirég mhgtri na
ifhr. Zritirég
Zritirég jn susmbtir jbsngsbýg, miaufgbi, fiabmbi, vngngh, hphsbmbýg, pnrsnmumbýg
y isnsbgith. ‑H` cunrrnrh jna ifhr, ¡quâ noârmbth bgknrgia aum`i mhgtri ustnj!‖ : Iug isæ,
gh `ubfhs jn ai ditiaai, phrqun Jbhs nsté mhg ghshtrhs.
\ :0 Mhfpantn ai curi 9.9= shdrn ahs vnrsæmuahs qun ghs isncurig jn ai vbmthrbi nspbrbtuia
shdrn ahs ngnfbchs jna ifhr.

Znxth
nxthss ]us
]us rnsÿ
rnsÿfn
fngn
gnss jn ahs
ahs vnr
vnrsæ
sæmu
muah
ahss qu
qunn ghs
ghs isnc
isncur
urig
ig qun
qun p
phj
hjnf
nfhs
hs vvng
ngmn
mnrr i ahs
ahs ng
ngnf
nfbc
bchs
hs j
jna
na iifh
fhrr
4 Mr 4<?9>
Th 0?=9-=0
9 Og :?9, :
9 Mh 9>?>3->0
Kbcuri 9.9= \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs vnrsæmuahs qu
qunn ghs isncurig
isncurig qun phjnfhs
phjnfhs vngmnr i ahs ngnfbchs jna
jna ifhr.
9
‑Ifijhs, gh mrnébs i thjh nspærbtu, sbgh prhdij ahs nspærbtus sb shg jn Jbhs5
phrqunn fum`hs kiashs prhkntis `ig siabjh phr na fugjh... : @bobths, vhshtrhs
phrqu vhshtrhs shbs
jn Jbhs, y ahs `idâbs vngmbjh5 phrqun fiyhr ns na qun nsté ng vhshtrhs, qun na qun
nsté ng na fugjh‖ (9 Og :?9, :).
:).
=4 Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

Iugqun ngkrngtifhs nstis mbgmh maisns jn ngnfbchs, ¡gh tnfnfhs! \hrqun ‑]b Jbhs
ns phr ghshtrhs, ¸qubâg mhgtri ghshtrhs8‖ (Th 0?=9). Mhfh na ]nùhr ans `idaý ia rny
Ohsikit y ia pundah jn Oujé, Âa ghs `idai `hy. Nsth ns ah qun na ]nùhr ghs jbmn? ‑…Gh
tnfébs gb hs ifnjrngtâbs jnaigtn jn nsti fuatbtuj tig crigjn5 phrqun gh ns vunstri ai
cunrri, sbgh jn Jbhs‖ (4 Mr 4<?9>).
Ai ditiaai ng ai qun ghs ngmhgtrifhs gh pnrtngnmn ia vnahz, ia kunrtn, ia
bgtnabcngtn, ia `édba h ia istuth. Ai cunrri nspbrbtuia ng ai qun nstifhs pnrtngnmn ia
]nùhr. R na ifhr qun Âa ghs ji tbngn na phjnr jn vngmnr i thjhs gunstrhs ngnfbchs y
rhfpnr ais mijngis jna pnmijh
pnmi jh qun itig i iqunaahs phr qubngns Onsÿs furbý mhg na g
jn siavirahs.
>3
‑Fis crimbis snig jijis i Jbhs, qun ghs ji ai vbmthrbi phr fnjbh jn gunstrh
]nùhr Onsumrbsth. >0 Isæ qun, `nrfighs fæhs ifijhs, nstij rfns y mhgstigtns,
mrnmbngjh ng ai hdri jna ]nùhr sbnfprn, sidbngjh qun vunstrh tridioh ng na ]nùhr
gh ns ng vigh‖ (9 Mh 9>?>3->0).
9>?>3->0).
Mhgmausbýg
\ :2 ¸Muéans shg ahs ]b pngsifhs qun abjnrir ng ifhr ns kémba, ngthgmns ah rndioifhs i ug gbvna phsbdan jn
mbgmh ngnfbchs jna ifhr `imnr mhg na phjnr `ufigh. \nrh sb, jnsjn na prbgmbpbh, pnrmbdbfhs qun abjnrir ng ifhr
qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians
jndng vngmnr8
ns ug aaifijh shdrngituria, nstifhs ng na mifbgh mhrrnmth. Na cahrbhsh ifhr jn Jbhs,
qun uyn i trivâs jn ghshtrhs, aanci shaifngtn muigjh jnpngjnfhs jna Nspærbtu ]igth y
ghs shfntnfhs i Âa. Na ifhr qun gnmnsbtifhs piri abjnrir ns jnfisbijh crigjn piri snr
\ >< ¸\hr quâ ns ug prhjumbjh phr ahs `ufighs. Na nstégjir qun Jbhs ans nxbcn i ahs aæjnrns ns jnfisbijh
nrrhr pngsir qun na abjnrir ng
ifhr ns kémba8
iath piri phjnr iamigzirah mhg gunstris prhpbis kunrzis. R,
R, iug isæ, Âa ah nxbcn. Isæ qun,
gh phjnfhs nxmusirghs phr gh vbvbr ugi vbji jn ifhr. Nsn ns gunstrh aaifijh. Jbhs ghs
jbh na figjifbngth jn ifir (Og 9>?94). \hr nsth thjhs ahs `hfdrns sidng qun shfhs
jbsmæpuahs jn Mrbsth, sb ghs ififhs ughs i htrhs (Og 9=?=>). R muigjh ais pnrshgis vnig
qun na ifhr jn Jbhs uyn i trivâs jn ghshtrhs, jbrég? ‑]bg juji, nsn ifhr ng na mhrizýg
jn ug snr `ufigh ns ugi firivbaai jbvbgi. Ng vnrjij, na ifhr jn Jbhs uyn i trivâs jn
nstn aæjnr‖.
]b na ifhr jbvbgh sn ngmungtri ng iacÿg aæjnr, ngthgmns, sncurifngtn, jndnfhs jiran
ai cahrbi i Jbhs phr naah, punsth qun ahs snrns `ufighs gugmi phjrég prhjumbr ug ifhr
jbvbgh. ]haifngtn ais fighs qun `bmbnrhg ahs mbnahs punjng phgnr na ifhr jbvbgh ng
ug mhrizýg `ufigh. ]hah ais fighs jn Onsÿs, trispisijis phr ahs maivhs ng na Miavirbh
punjng aangir ug mhrizýg `ufigh mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs. Na ifhr qun Jbhs ans nxbcn i
ahs aæjnrns mrbstbighs y i sus sncubjhrns ns bfphsbdan i fnghs qun Âa ah prhvni. ]bg
nfdirch, na kruth jna Nspærbtu ns ifhr. R na Nspærbtu ]igth nsté prnpirijh y jbspunsth
i prhjumbr nstn kruth ng ghshtrhs. Fbrnfhs `imbi irrbdi, jnpngjbngjh jn Jbhs piri qun
ghs aangn jn su ifhr. R jâfhsan thji ai cahrbi i Jbhs fbngtris abjnrifhs mhg ug mhrizýg
aangh jn ifhr.

Ai gnmnsbjij jn ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?9-=5 Fitnh 44?=;-:<5

Anmmbýg Thfighs 9=?0-9:).
Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir ais rnspunstis giturians jna ifhr mhg ais shdrngiturians.
= Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir iacugis khrfis ng qun ahs mhrbgtbhs mirnmæig jn ifhr.
Hdontbvh M? Tnsufbr mbgmh jn ais baustrimbhgns qun \idah hkrnmn piri jnfhstrir qun ahs jhgns
nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr shg bgÿtbans.

\ >9 ¸Yuâ sbcgbmi? Na ifhr ns ai tironti jn bjngtbjij jn ahs aæjnrns y jna pundah jn Jbhs. Na fugjh
‑Na ifhr ns ai tironti jn sidn qun shfhs mrbstbighs phr gunstrh ifhr (Og 9=?=>). Zig prhgth mhfh gimnfhs
bjngtbjij jna pundah
jn Jbhs‖8 jn Jbhs, mhfngzifhs i ifir. R muigth fés mrnmnfhs y fijurifhs i ai bficng jn
Mrbsth, fés ififhs.

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg ==

3
‑Ifijhs, ifâfhghs ughs i htrhs5 phrqun
phrqun na ifhr ns jn Jbhs. Zhjh iquna qun
 ifi, ns gimbjh jn Jbhs, y mhghmn i Jbhs. 0 Na qun gh ifi, gh `i mhghmbjh i
ifhr‖ (9 Og :?3-0).
Jbhs5 phrqun Jbhs ns ifhr :?3-0).
Abjnrir ng ifhr ns ugi idshauti gnmnsbjij. Ai ÿgbmi maisn jn aæjnrns nspbrbtuians
iprhdijhs phr Jbhs shg ahs qun nstég aanghs jn su ifhr. Na ifhr jn Jbhs ns ah fés
crigjn shdrn ai tbnrri. Ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9= nsté na kifhsh mipætuah imnrmi jna ifhr5 pnrh
nstn gh ns na ÿgbmh pision dædabmh shdrn na ifhr. Ai Rhugc‒s Mhgmhrjigmn ngufnri
qubgbngtis rnknrngmbis dædabmis imnrmi jna ifhr. I mhgtbguimbýg, prnsngtifhs
iacugis?
:=
‑Hæstnbs qun kun jbm`h? Ifirés i tu prýobfh, y idhrrnmnrés i tu ngnfbch.:: \nrh \ >4 Aangn ahs nspimbhs

yh hs jbch? Ifij i vunstrhs , dngjnmbj i ahs qun ng daigmh ng ahs sbcubngtns

vnrsæmuahs imnrmi jna ifhr.
, `imnj dbng i ahs qun , y hrij phr ahs
qun y 5 piri qun snébs `bohs jn
:>

vunstrh \ijrn qun nsté ng ahs mbnahs, qun `imn siabr

siabr su sha sh
shdrn
drn fia
fiahs
hs y dunghs,
y qun `imn aahvnr shdrn ousths n bgousths. \hrqun sb ifébs i ahs qun hs ifig,
:;

¸quâ rnmhfpngsi tngjrâbs8‖ (Ft >?:=-:;).

>?:=-:;).
=; ‑Finstrh, ¸muéa ns na
crig figjifbngth ng ai any8 =3 Onsÿs an jboh? Ifirés
ia ]nùhr tu Jbhs mhg thjh tu , y mhg thji tu ,
y mhg thji tu . Nstn ns na prbfnrh y crigjn figjifbngth. R
=0 =2

na sncugjh ns snfnoigtn? Ifirés i tu mhfh i tb fbsfh. :< Jn

nsths jhs figjifbngths jnpngjn thji ai any y ahs prhkntis‖ (Ft 44?=;-:< jhgjn
;?>).
Onsÿs mbtý Jt ;?>).
‑Na ifhr gh ia prýobfh5 isæ qun na jn ai
any ns na ifhr‖ (Th 9=?9<).
9=?9<).
‑R shdrn thjis nstis vnstæhs jn ifhr, qun ns na
pnrknmth‖ (Mha =?9:).
=?9:).
‑R igtn thjh, tngnj ngtrn vhshtrhs knrvbngtn ifhr5 phrqun na ifhr mudrbré
fuatbtuj jn ‖ (9 \ :?0).
:?0).
‑…Jbhs ns ifhr5 y na qun ng ifhr
ifhr,, ng Jbhs, y
Jbhs ng âa‖ (9 Og :?9;).
:?9;).
Ifhr ns ugi piaidri phpuair, y tifdbâg ug mhgmnpth dædabmh. \nrh na ifhr \ >= ¸Mýfh ngtri
phmis vnmns ns gituria. Bgmaush ahs ipýsthans tuvbnrhg qun iprngjnr i ifir. Nri ghrfia ng mhgbmth na ifhr mhg
gunstrhs jnsnhs giturians8
qun ]igtbich y Ouig qubsbnrig `imnr jnsmngjnr kunch jna mbnah shdrn ahs sifirbtighs, Baustrn.
pnrshgis jn htrh cruph âtgbmh. Na jnsnh gituria jn Fitnh ah aanvý i tribmbhgir i sus
mhfpitrbhtis oujæhs y i rhdir na jbgnrh jna bfpunsth jn ahs rhfighs. ]bfýg na
_nahtn tuvh qun vngmnr su jnsnh gituria jn isnsbgir rhfighs. Oujis sbcubý sus jnsnhs
mirgians giturians y vngjbý i Mrbsth phr trnbgti fhgnjis jn paiti. R \idah (muigjh
nri ]iuah) pngsý qun an `imæi ug snrvbmbh
snr vbmbh i Jbhs khrzigjh i ahs mrbstbighs i daisknfir
daiskn fir
y ngmirmnaégjhahs. Gunstrhs jnsnhs giturians tbngjng i ngtrir ng mhgbmth mhg na kruth
shdrngituria
shdrngi turia jna ifhr.
Ai fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis nsté jn imunrjh mhg qun na ifhr ns ai fiyhr vbrtuj.
\nrh, ia bcuia qun ahs ipýsthans y ahs mhrbgtbhs, krnmungtnfngtn jndnfhs irrnpngtbrghs
jn gunstri kiati jn ifhr. Jndnfhs imnptir na pnrjýg jn Jbhs y pnjbran jbirbifngtn ia
Nspærbtu ]igth qun prhjuzmi na kruth jna ifhr ng ghshtrhs, puns nstn ns na mhrizýg y na
iafi jn ai vbji mrbstbigi. Ns ai rncai qun ghs mipimbti piri mufpabr mhg thjis ais jnfés
rncais, na gunvh figjifbngth qun mufpan mhg thjhs ahs igtbcuhs . >
Tnpisnfhs ah qun ais Nsmrbturis ngsnùig shdrn ai gnmnsbjij jna ifhr ng
9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?9-=.

=: Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

\ >: ¸Jn quâ fignri I. Zr

Zriskhgjh?
iskhgjh? Na ifhr ns na mifbgh piri ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians.
gunstri gnmnsbjij jn snr
Tnpisnfhs na mhgtnxth jn 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=. Ai mhgcrncimbýg jn Mhrbgth gh mifbgidi
aanghs jna ifhr jn Jbhs ns
mhfh ugi nanviji fhgtiùi8 ng na Nspærbtu ]igth. Gh sn `idæig rngjbjh gb shfntbjh i su mhgtrha y cuæi. Isæ qun,
naahs mirnmæig jna kruth jna Nspærbtu ]igth? na ifhr. Jnfisbijhs mhrbgtbhs gh tngæig
\ >> ¸Muéa ns ai ifhr. I nsths mrnyngtns mirgians gh ans bfphrtidig ais gnmnsbjijns jn htrhs. Ng ai fnsi
rnaimbýg ngtrn na ifhr y ahs jn mhgkritnrgbjij ng ai qun sn mnandridi ai ]igti Mngi, su prbgmbpia prnhmupimbýg nri
jhgns nspbrbtuians8
mhfnrsn thji ai mhfbji qun pujbnrig. R ng ai fnsi jn ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians
nspbrbtuians,, itripidig
thjh ah qun phjæig mhgsncubr piri naahs fbsfhs.
Nrig nchæstis, idusigjh jn ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians
piri sitbskimnr sus prhpbhs jnsnhs, ng vnz jn usir
nsths jhgns piri ahs prhpýsbths jntnrfbgijhs phr

Jbhs. ]us
mnahs immbhgns; jnfhstridig
y jnsugbýg. Ghs custiræinchæsfh, hrcuaah,
jir nonfpahs jn
mýfh ahs mhrbgtbhs jnfhstridig su ifhr. \nrh,
Kbcuri 9.9: Mhfh ugiugi crig fhgtiùi qun sn anvigti shdrn ai
tbnrri, gunstri gnmnsbjij jn snr aanghs jna ifhr jn Jbhs nsté aifngtidanfngtn, nrig mhghmbjhs phr su kiati
fuy phr ngmbfi jn htris gnmnsbjijns. Onsÿs prhkntbzý qun ng jn ifhr. Ai curi 4.44 ng na prýxbfh mipætuah,
ahs ÿatbfhs jæis? ‑na ifhr jn fum`hs sn ngkrbiré‖ (Ft 4:?94). mhgtristi ais mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr mhg ais
Isæ mhfh ugi ditnræi iabfngti ugi abgtnrgi, na ifhr ghs prhvnn mirimtnræstbmis jn iacughs mhrbgtbhs. Zhfn iacughs
ngnrcæi piri sncubr i Mrbsth y cubir i htrhs.
fbguths piri rnpisirai.
\idah prnsngti na ifhr mhfh ‑ug mifbgh iÿg fés nxmnangtn‖ h na fnohr mifbgh
(9 Mh 94?=9). Na ipýstha gh jbmn qun na ifhr rnnfpaizi i ahs jhgns. Âa gh jnsni qun
ghshtrhs nsmhoifhs ngtrn na ifhr y ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians. Fés dbng, \idah prnsngti na
ifhr mhfh na mifbgh phr na muia igjir muigjh usifhs ahs jhgns qun Jbhs ghs ji.
\ >; ¸\hr quâ ns ‑Rhh nsmhoh na ifhr ng aucir jn ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians‖.
Bficægnsn ai ahmuri jn jnmbr? ‑R
bgsngsith nsmhcnr ngtrn na Nsth snræi mhfh jnmbr? ‑Rh tn ifh, pnrh gh bgtngtirâ hkrnmnrtn na jhg jn sigbjij muigjh
ifhr y ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians8
nstâs ngknrfh‖.
ipýstha Ouig ghs\hr na mhgtrirbh,
rnmunrji na ifhrqun
qun, sb vnfhs dusmi iyujir imirnmn
ug `nrfigh htrhs mhg sus gnmnsbjijns.
jn rhpi Na
y iabfngth y gh
bgtngtifhs iyujirah, na ifhr jn Jbhs gh nsté ng ghshtrhs (]tc 4?9>-9;5 9 Og =?93). Jn
bcuia fignri, muigjh na ifhr jn Jbhs nsté ng ghshtrhs, ig`naifhs ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians
piri phjnr ifir i iqunaahs qun nstég ng gnmnsbjij. \unsth qun na ifhr ns fés qun ugi
nfhmbýg, ¡nstn bgmauyn immbhgns jn mhfpisbýg! Na ifhr ji. Ns phsbdan jir sbg ifhr.
\nrh ns bfphsbdan ifir sbg jir. Tnmunrjn Og =?9;.
Jbhs rnpirtn jhgns piri fhstrirghs su ifhr. Ans jifhs dunghs rnciahs i gunstrhs
`bohs phrqun ahs ififhs. R gunstrh \ijrn mnanstbia, qubng ifi fum`h fés qun ghshtrhs,
ans jiré ‑na Nspærbtu ]igth i ahs qun sn ah pbjig‖ (Am 99?99-9=). Ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians
rnvnaig ia Nspærbtu ]igth qun Jbhs ji. Jn fhjh qun, gh nsmhcnfhs ngtrn na ifhr y ahs
jhgns nspbrbtuians. Fés dbng, rnmhghmnfhs qun ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians shg khrfis jna
ifhr jn Jbhs piri ghshtrhs y i trivâs jn ghshtrhs.
D. Ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr shg bgÿtbans (muitrh nonfpahs).
Jbhs ns ifhr, phr ah tigth, na ifhr ns ai kungtn jn ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians. Jn bcuia
fignri, \idah ngkitbzi qun na ifhr ns na mifbgh piri ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians (9 Mh 9=?9-=).
Isæ mhfh ugi rfi viabji ug m`nqun, na ifhr viabji ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians. \idah
ijvbnrtn qun, sb tngnfhs ahs fés crigjns jhgns nspbrbtuians, sbg ifhr, nstifhs
vimæhs, shfhs bgkrumtuhshs n bgÿtbans.
\ >3 Ng miji ugi jn 9
‑]b yh `idaisn angcuis `ufigis y igcâabmis, y gh tngch ifhr, vngch i snr mhfh
ais muitrh maisns jn jhgns fntia qun rnsungi, h mæfdiah qun rntbùn. 4 R sb tuvbnsn prhknmæi, y ngtngjbnsn thjhs
nspbrbtuians jn 9 Mhrbgtbhs
9=?9-=, \idah ahcri ug
ahs fbstnrbhs y thji mbngmbi, y sb tuvbnsn thji ai kn, jn tia fignri qun trisaijisn
nqubabdrbh ngtrn ‑sb yh‖ ahs fhgtns, y gh tngch ifhr, giji shy. = R sb rnpirtbnsn thjhs fbs dbngns piri jir
mhg ‑y jn mhfnr i ahs phdrns, y sb ngtrncisn fb munrph piri snr qunfijh, y gh tngch
‖ ifhr, jn giji fn sbrvn‖ (9 Mh 9=?9-=).
9=?9-=).

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg =>

\idah fngmbhgi muitrh fbgbstnrbhs jn ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians qun shg bgÿtbans sbg ifhr. \ >0 ¸Yuâ ghs cuæig
Hdsnrvn qun âa bgbmbi miji ijvnrtngmbi mhg ‑]b yh‖. Gunstri prbgmbpia prnhmupimbýg i `imnr ais piaidris ‑y gh
jndn snr sbnfprn nxifbgirghs i ghshtrhs fbsfhs igtns qun i htrhs. tngch ifhr‖8

9. ]b yh `idah angcuis nspbrbtuians

nspbrbtuians `nrfhsis, sbg ifhr,
ifhr, nstis shg mhfh na rub
rubjh
jh \ >2 Naidhrn su prhpbh
kunrtn jn ug chgc h jn ug mæfdiah. Ahs mhrbgtbhs hridig fum`is vnmns ng angcuis. nonfpah. Ais angcuis
nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr shg
\nrh, ng pirtn, nsh nri ugi pârjbji jn tbnfph. \ngtnmhstians y mirbsfétbmhs, ¡tngcifhs mhfh .
mubjijh! ¸@idaifhs ng angcuis piri iairjnir, piri prhdir qun shfhs nspbrbtuians8 ¸H
`idaifhs ng angcuis phrqun ghs custi ijhrir i Jbhs8 ¸@idaifhs ng angcuis
krnmungtnfngtn piri njbmirghs y phjnr snr ugi dngjbmbýg piri htrhs8 ¸Jifhs ug
fngsion ng angcuis ng ai mhgcrncimbýg piri njbmir i htrhs8 ¸Bfphrtiræi sb usérifhs
ugi mipum`i y gijbn rnmhghmbnri qubâgns shfhs8 Z Zngcifhs
ngcifhs mubjijh jn hrir ng angcuis
phr ais rizhgns mhrrnmtis. @idair ng angcuis
angcuis sbg ifhr ns sbfpan rubjh.
rubjh.

Ifhr ng immbýg
\rnnrh vnr ug snrfýg i nsmum`ir ugh muiaqubnr jæi5 Kbcuri 9.9> ^g chgc ji
prnnrh qun iacubng mifbgn mhgfbch i qun shah fn bgjbqun na mifbgh. ug igugmbh shdrbh qun
Na hoh ns ug fnohr iaufgh y fés jbspunsth qun na hæjh, iairfi i ahs hæjhs. Jn
ug dung mhgsnoh ns mhgkush, pnrh na nonfpah sbnfprn ns mairh5 bcuia fignri, ais angcuis
y ahs fnohrns prnjbmijhrns shg ahs qun vbvng ah qun mrnng, mnanstbians sbg ifhr
igugmbig ug vimæh.
puns vnr su
su ifhr ng immbýg ns ah qun thjhs
thjhs gnmnsbtig.
gnmnsbtig.
\rhgth phjrâ `imnrah, sb ustnj fn pnrfbtn vnrah5
punjh vnr
vnr sus fighs
fighs ng immbýg,
immbýg, pnrh su
su `idair ns
ns fuy répbjh.
répbjh.
Na snrfýg qun ustnj prnjbmi ns fuy sidbh y vnrjijnrh, Kbcuri 9.9;
pnrh prnnrh iprngjnr fbs anmmbhgns hdsnrvigjh ah qun ustnj
ustnj `imn5 Na fngsion qun ngvbifhs
i trivâs jna ifhr baustri na
puns phjræi
phjræi fiabgtnrprntir
fiabgtnrprntir na crig
crig mhgsnoh
mhgsnoh qun ji,
ji, nvigcnabh qun prnjbmifhs.
pnrh gh `iy
`iy fiangtngjbjh
fiangtngjbjh ng imtuir y ng su vbvbr. 3
ng su imtuir ^g igtbcuh prhvnrdbh jbmn?
‑Ah qun shfhs `idai fés iath
Ijiptijh jn ‑]nrfhgs Sn ]nn‖ phr Njcir I. Cunst qun ah qun jnmbfhs‖.
4. ]b yh tngch ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians jn prhknmæi y jn sidbjuræi, jn fignri qun \ ;< ¸Yubâgns kunrhg
punjh ngtngjnr thjhs ahs fbstnrbhs y mhgtnstir miji prncugti, pnrh gh tngch iacughs prhkntis sbg ifhr8
ifhr, shy guah. Diaiif nri ug `hfdrn qun prhkntbzidi phr jbgnrh, gh phr ifhr. ]u
vbji kun ugi pârjbji thtia. R Ohgés nri ug prhknti sbg ifhr. ]n nghoý muigjh Jbhs gh \ ;9 ¸Yuâ prhkntis nrig
jnstruyý i Gægbvn. \hr na mhgtrirbh, Onrnfæis prhkntbzý mhg ug mhrizýg aangh jn ifhr. mhghmbjhs phr ifir8
Muigjh na Nspærbtu jn Jbhs ah aangý jn mhfpisbýg, nsmrbdbý? ‑¡H`, sb fb midnzi sn
`bmbnsn icuis, y fbs hohs kungtns jn aécrbfis, piri qun aahrn jæi y ghm`n ahs funrths \ ;4 ¸]u finstrh
kivhrbth ns na qun fés sidn8
jn ai `boi jn fb pundah!‖ (Onr 2?9). Jn bcuia fignri, Onsÿs aahrý fbngtris prhkntbzidi ai Nxpabqun.
jnstrummbýg jn Onrusiaâg (Am 92?:9-::). R \idah fbgbstrý mhg aécrbfis (@m` 4<?92) puns
ifidi tigth i ahs oujæhs qun âa phjræi `idnr jnsnijh ‑snr igitnfi, snpirijh jn Mrbsth‖ \ ;= ¸Muéa kun ai crig
piri qun nsths pujbnrig snr siavhs (Th 2?9-:). Muigjh `idaidi y muigjh nsmrbdæi, ais jndbabjij ng ahs fbgbstnrbhs
piaidris jn \idah nrig bgspbrijis phr na ifhr y nfpipijis phr aécrbfis (4 Mh 4?:). jn Diaiif y Ohgés8
Muigjh dusqunfhs na jhg jn ai prhknmæi, pbjéfhsan sbnfprn i Jbhs qun ghs aangn jn
\ ;: ¸@i mhghmbjh
ifhr. Jnjnmæig
Iacughs ah mhgtrirbh, snrnfhsfbrigjh
qun prnjbmidi mhfh na phr
prnjbmijhr qunug`idaidi
na vbshr jn ai kræi
rbn. \nrh vnrjij ai
`idanfhs sbgvnrjij
ifhr. aæjnrns mhg jhgns nspbrbtuians
pnrh qun mirnmng jn ifhr8
ng ifhr (Nk :?9>). Nxpabqun.
]b fnfhrbzh miji vnrsæmuah jn ai Dbdabi y punjh rnaimbhgir ug mipætuah y ug vnrsæmuah
mhg miji prncugti qun ais pnrshgis `imng, pnrh fn kiati ifhr, gh shy giji.
=. ]b yh tngch kn qun punjn fhvnr fhgtiùis, pnrh gh ifh, gh pnsh giji ng \ ;> ¸\hr muéans
ai diaigzi jna mbnah. Ai kn piri crigjns prhynmths, fbgbstnrbhs y ug crig âxbth, sbg mirimtnræstbmis sn jbstbgcung
mirimtnræstbmis
ahs crigjns fbgbstnrbhs mnrmi
na iuthsimrbmbh jna ifhr, ns mhfh na `ufh ng na vbngth. Ahs aæjnrns mhg fbans jn jn ustnj8
sncubjhrns pbnrjng su tbnfph, i fnghs qun su mhrizýg rndhsn mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs. Jn
bcuia fignri, ahs aæjnrns, bgmaush mhg phmhs sncubjhrns, aanvig i ais pnrshgis phr na fia

=; Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

mifbgh, i fnghs qun na ifhr jn Jbhs ans aangn na mhrizýg. ]bg ifhr, fb pnsh nspbrbtuia
ns fnghr qun na jna dndâ fés pnqunùh, y fb nstituri nspbrbtuia nsté phr jndioh jna gbùh
fés diobth.
\ ;; \bngsn ng nonfpahs :. ]b yh jhy miji mngtivh qun phsnh i ahs phdrns, pnrh gh tngch ifhr ifhr,, fb
jn jir sbg ifhr. rnmhfpngsi ntnrgi gh ns giji. Ng ahs abdrhs jna mbnah, Jbhs gb sbqubnri ighti ais
hdris jn mirbjij qun gh prhvbngng jn ug mhrizýg jn ifhr. Fum`hs jig phr rizhgns
nqubvhmijis. Iacughs
Iacughs ans aigzig fhgnjis i ahs phrjbhsnrhs, pnrh gh phr ifhr5 ah `imng
piri imiaair ai mhg
mhgmbngmbi,
mbngmbi, h piri qu
qunn na fngjbch sn viy
viyi.
i. ]b ifirig, jiræig fés h fnghs
sncÿg na ]nùhr ans bgjbmiri. Onsÿs ijvbrtbý shdrn ahs qun jig piri snr vbsths (Ft ;). Âa
jboh qun yi tbngng su rnmhfpngsi ng na fhfngth ng qun ais pnrshgis ahs ipaiujng. Ahs
`bgjÿns sn thrturig piri icrijir i Jbhs. ¸\nrh nsth ns phr ifhr8 Ahs fusuafigns jig
abfhsgis, pnrh, ¸ns phr ifhr h phr rnabcbýg8 R iacughs qun sn aaifig mrbstbighs jig
crigjns migtbjijns jn jbgnrh i ai mirbjij. \nrh, ¸ais jiræig sb gijbn ans ipaiujbnri y sb
gijbn supbnri qubâg ais nstidi jigjh8
Ai mhgcrncimbýg jn Âknsh `imæi dungis hdris, pnrh naahs `idæig jnoijh su prbfnr
ifhr (Ip 4?:). Onsÿs ans ijvbrtbý i ahs mrnyngtns jn iaaæ qun sn irrnpbgtbnrig y vhavbnrig
ia ifhr. Jn htri fignri, su rnaimbýg mhg Âa tnrfbgiræi ng jnsistrn, Âa ans qubtiræi su
 migjnanrh. \uns ng muiaqubnr mbujij, ns fnohr tngnr ug tnfpah vimæh qun ug tnfpah aangh
jn cngtn vimæi.
>. ]b yh jhy fb vbji y fn mhgvbnrth ng fértbr,
fértbr, pnrh ai riz
rizýg
ýg gh ns na ifhr, ah
pbnrjh thjh phr giji. Ahs fusuafigns rijbmians sn itig dhfdis iarnjnjhr jna munrph
y sn mhgvbnrtng ng fértbrns. ¸Nsth ns phr ifhr h phr hjbh8 ¸Ns phr htrhs h phrqun naahs
nspnrig nstir rhjnijhs jn værcngns ng na mbnah8 Ng ahs prbfnrhs sbcahs jna mrbstbigbsfh,
iacughs sn `bmbnrhg fértbrns piri vhavnrsn kifhshs. ¡Yuâ aéstbfi! ]b jifhs gunstri vbji
phr ugi miusi, isncurâfhghs jn qun nsti gh sni fnghs qun phr ifir i Jbhs y i htrhs.
Zhjhs ahs ipýsthans kunrhg fértbrns. Naahs ifidig tigth i Mrbsth, i ai bcansbi y i ahs
pnrjbjhs qun jbnrhg su vbji. Crigjn ns su rnmhfpngsi ng na mbnah.
mbnah.
\ ;3 Nviaÿn nstis baustrimbhgns jn ai fnohr i ai fnghs bgtnrnsigtn? Abvbgcsthgn, pbsh
jnmbfhtnrmnrh, \idah, ug mnrh nspbrbtuia.
Jivbj Abvbgcsthgn kun ug kifhsh fâjbmh fbsbhgnrh ng Ékrbmi. Jhgjnqubnri
qun bdi, ais pnrshgis sngtæig su ifhr y mhfpisbýg. Bgmaush iqunaahs qun gh phjæig
mhfprngjnr sus piaidris, ngtngjæig sus immbhgns. Fum`h igtns jn qun ug fbsbhgnrh
punji `idair ugi angcui gitbvi, ais pnrshgis ahmians punjng ngtngjnr na angcuion jn
ifhr qun drhti jnsjn na mhrizýg. \uns na ifhr ns ug angcuion ugbvnrsia qun iug ahs
shrjhs punjng nsmum`ir.
Ng fum`hs njbmbhs iaths, gh nxbstn ug jnmbfhtnrmnr pbsh. @iy ug juhjâmbfh pbsh
y ug jnmbfhmuirth, pnrh kiati na jnmbfhtnrmnrh. Nsth sn jndn i ugi thgti supnrstbmbýg jn
qun na gÿfnrh trnmn trin fiai sunrtn. \hjnfhs shgrnær igtn ai iusngmbi jna pbsh trnmn ng
ug `htna iath, pnrh ¡aahrnfhs sb na mipætuah 9= jn 9 Mhrbgtbhs nsté iusngtn jn gunstri vbji!
Na mipætuah jna ifhr qun \idah nsmrbdbý ns ug trbduth i Mrbsth, puns igtns jn ngmhgtrirsn
mhg Onsÿs, \idah nstidi aangh jn hjbh y ‑…rnspbr
‑…rnspbrigjh
igjh iÿg ifngizis y funrtn mhgtri ahs
jbsmæpuahs jna ]nùhr…‖ (@m` 2?9). ]us fighs nstidig figm`ijis mhg ai sigcrn jn ahs
mrbstbighs. \nrh Onsÿs mifdbý i \idah jn nsmaivh jna hjbh i sbnrvh jna ifhr. R sb na ]nùhr
pujh mifdbir i \idah, `iy nspnrigzi
nspnrigzi jn qun Âa punji `imnr ah fbsfh ng ustnj y ng fæ.
]bg ifhr, gh bfphrti muégth dbng `icifhs. ]bg ifhr, gh `imn gbgcugi jbknrngmbi
muégths tiangths phsnnfhs gb muégths jhgns tngnfhs piri abjnrir. Gunstri phpuairbjij
gh ns bfphrtigtn sb ghs kiati ifhr. Gh ns bfphrtigtn muégti bgungmbi nonrzifhs shdrn
ais pnrshgis sb ghs kiati na ifhr. \hrqun sb na ifhr gh ghs fhtbvi gb ghs cuæi, shfhs ug
mnrh nspbrbtuia. ]bg ifhr, giji jn ah qun `icifhs bfphrti. 0 Na thjh fnghs na ifhr ns
bcuia i giji. 2

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg =3

Aæjnr jn htrhs, `iy fum`h qun ustnj gh sidn imnrmi jn abjnrir. R iÿg ia gia jn su \ ;0 ¸Muéa ns ai anmmbýg
vbji, ustnj sngtbré qun gugmi iprngjbý tigth imnrmi jn abjnrizch mhfh `udbnri qunrbjh. prbgmbpia qun ustnj jndn
primtbmir mhfh aæjnr8
\nrh iprngji nsti prbgmbpia anmmbýg `hy? ifn i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis. \uns na ifhr mudrn
fuatbtuj jn kiatis, bgmauyngjh ais suyis. ]b ustnj phgn ng prémtbmi na ifhr, ais pnrshgis
an pnrjhgirég ahs nrrhrns qun mhfnti phr kiati jn mhghmbfbngth. \nrh sb ustnj tbngn phmh
ifhr, gbgcugi migtbjij jn mhghmbfbngth, jn jhgns nspbrbtuians h jn nxpnrbngmbi punjn
nxmusir nsti tnrrbdan nsmisnz. \hrqun na ifhr ns ah \TBFHTJBIA qun ustnj jndn tngnr
piri cubir i ais pnrshgis ng ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti, yi sni ohvng h igmbigh, phdrn h rbmh,
mhg jbnz tiangths h mhg ugh shah. Ahs rhfighs tngæig ugi krisn ng aitæg? *sbgn qui ghg
qun sbcgbmi ‑ugi mhgjbmbýg vbtia y nsngmbia5 iach qun ns idshautifngtn gnmnsirbh‖. Na
ifhr ns ai sbgn qui ghg
ghg,, ai gnmnsbjij idshauti jn thjhs ahs aæjnrns mrbstbighs, snig jn ug
`hcir, ug cruph, ugi mhgcrncimbýg, ugi gimbýg h ug mhgtbgngtn. Ififhs i Jbhs ‑phrqun
âa ghs ifý prbfnrh‖.
prbfnrh‖. R ais pnrshgis ah ifirég, sb ustnj ais ifi prbfnrh (9 Og :?92).

Ai hdnjbngmbi jna ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. \irtn 9

Anmmbýg
(Ouig 9:?9>, 4=-4:).
: Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir ai jnshdnjbngmbi jn ahs pnmijhrns mhg ai hdnjbngmbi jn ahs `bohs jn Jbhs.
Hdontbvh D? Jbduoir jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh. Nxpabmir miji mifbgh
n baustrirah.

Ia mhgsbjnrir i quâ sn pirnmn na ifhr, ngkhquâfhghs ng na ifhr ng khrfi

jn hdnjbngmbi.
I. Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ai firmi jn gimbfbngth jn ahs `bo `bohs
hs jn Jbhs.
Ng na Igtbcuh Znstifngth, ai piaidri hdnjnmnr sbcgbmi ‑hær h nsmum`ir mhg \ ;2 ¸Mýfh jngn
rnvnrngmbi, `hghr, imunrjh y mufpabfbngth‖. Ng na Gunvh Z nstifngth, hdnjnmnr sbcgbmi
Znstifngth, ustnj ai piaidri hdnjnmnr8
‑hær y nstir suonth, shfntnrsn i ai pnrshgi i ai qun sn nsmum`i. I ah air
airch
ch jn ai Dbdabi, ai
hdnjbngmbi ns shfntnrsn i ah qun Jbhs jbmn qun ns mhrrnmth y primtbmirai. Ai hdnjbngmbi
ns ugi khrfi jn vbji, shfntnrsn i ais anyns y i ais iuthrbjijns nstidanmbjis phr Jbhs.
[nfhs ai hdnjbngmbi y ai sufbsbýg ng Onsÿs muigjh hrý? ‑…pnrh gh sn `ici fb
vhaugtij, sbgh ai tuyi‖ (Am 44?:4). Hdnjnmnr ns mhfh snr ug dhaæcrikh ng ai figh jn
Jbhs y jnoir qun Âa nsmrbdi ah qun jnsni phr fnjbh jn gunstri vbji. ^g obgntn punjn
mhgtrhair i ug midiaah jýmba u hdnjbngtn mhg ug susurrh h ug anvn thqun jn ais rbngjis. \ 3< ¸Ng quâ sn
jbknrngmbi ug midiaah
\nrh ug midiaah jnshdnjbngtn sn ngmidrbti h sn vi ng ugi jbrnmmbýg jbknrngtn jn ai qun hdnjbngtn jn ugh
na obgntn jnsni. jnshdnjbngtn8
Ai Dbdabi prnsngti virbhs nonfpahs jn snrns `ufighs qun hdnjnmng i htrhs `ufighs, \ 39 ¸Muéans shg
tians mhfh `bohs qun hdnjnmng i sus pijrns, sbnrvhs i sus ifhs y mbujijighs i sus iacughs nonfpahs jn
chdnrgigtns. Ng thjhs nsths nonfpahs `ufighs, ai hdnjbngmbi jnfunstri ifhr y rnspnth `ufighs qun hdnjnmng i
phr ai kifbabi, ai iuthrbjij h ai gimbýg. Ai sufbsbýg jn ahs gbùhs i ahs pijrns baustri ahs `ufighs8
ugi fignri fés nanviji jn hdnjbngmbi? ahs `ufighs qun sn shfntng i Jbhs. Ahs `bohs
prbfnrh iprngjng i hdnjnmnr i sus pijrns ng na `hcir
`hcir.. Nsti imtbtuj ahs iyuji i hdnjnmnr
i htris iuthrbjijns `ufigis y, shdrn thjh, i Jbhs.
Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ugi jn ais prémtbmis fés `nrfhsis. ]b thjh na fugjh an hdnjnmbnri \ 34 ¸Mýfh snræi
i Jbhs, phjræifhs tngnr na mbnah ng ai tbnrri, puns nsti sbcgbmiræi ifhr ngtrn thjis na fugjh sb thjhs an

ais pnrshgis, oustbmbi piri thjhs, sncurbjij, prhspnrbjij y piz ng thjis pirtns. Gunstri hdnjnmbnrig i Jbhs8
vhaugtij hmisbhgi pnanis, cunrris, mhgkusbýg, sukrbfbngth y fiajbmbýg. \nrh ai vhaugtij
jna ]nùhr prhphrmbhgi ifhr, chzh, piz y dngjbmbhgns. Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ugi dngjbmbýg
jna mbnah. Hrnfhs phr nsti dngjbmbýg piri ghshtrhs y piri htrhs.
\ 3= Ahs qun ifig
Igtns jn mhghmnr i Mrbsth, nstédifhs nspbrbtuiafngtn funrths ng gunstrhs pnmijhs. i Jbhs, ¸imhstufdrig
Ghs ngmhgtrédifhs ngtrn ahs `bohs jn jnshdnjbngmbi, sbcubngjh ai mhrrbngtn jn nstn i jnshdnjnmnr sus
fugjh,, jn ai mirgn y jna jbidah (Nk 4?4-=5 >?;, 945 Mha =?;). Z
fugjh Zhjhs
hjhs `nfhs aahrijh mhfh figjifbngths8 Nxpabqun.

=0 Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

rnsuatijh jn gunstrhs fhfngths jn jnshdnjbngmbi. \nrh i`hri, Jbhs ghs `i jijh ug

gunvh mhrizýg. Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ai firmi jn gimbfbngth jn ahs `bohs jn Jbhs. Mhfh

A  `bohs jn Jbhs, ghs jnanbtifhs ng shfntnrghs i gunstrh \ijrn mnanstbia. Gunstrh ig`nah
   fés prhkugjh ns `imnr ai vhaugtij jna ]nùhr ng thjis ais mhsis. ‑\uns nstn ns na ifhr i
Jbhs, qun cuirjnfh
cuirjnfhss sus figjifbngths5 y sus figjifbngths gh shg crivhshs‖
  (9 Og >?=).
   Iacughs qun fiabgtnrprntig ai \iaidri jn Jbhs pbngsig qun ai oustbmimbýg phr ai
 J. kn ng Mrbsth nsté ng mhgbmth mhg ai hdnjbngmbi5 ns jnmbr, `imnr ah qun ns mhrrnmth. \nrh
gh nxbstn mhgbmth ngtrn snr siavhs phr crimbi y `imnr ah mhrrnmth. Na ÿgbmh fngsion
jna nvigcnabh qun ai Dbdabi ngsnùi ns qun ai hdnjbngmbi ns na kruth jn ai kn y jna ifhr
(9 Og >?=). Ahs qun ifig ia ]nùhr hdnjnmng sus figjifbngths. Iqunaahs qun tbngng kn
\ 3: ¸Mýfh sn
piri sncubr i Mrbsth mifbgig phr ai sngji jn ai vbji mhrrnmti. Gh mrnnr ns jnshdnjnmnr
jnshdnjnmnr..
rnaimbhgi ai hdnjbngmbi mhg Mrnnr ns hdnjnmnr i Jbhs. Isæ qun, gh mhgsbjnrifhs ai hdnjbngmbi mhfh sb nstuvbnri
ai siavimbýg8 ng sncugjh aucir. Ai hdnjbngmbi jna mhrizýg ns ai fnti, na kruth y na rnsuatijh jn ai
siavimbýg. Onsÿs jnrrifý su sigcrn ‑piri rnjbfbrghs jn thji bgbqubjij y purbmir
piri sæ ug pundah prhpbh
prhpbh,, mnahsh jn dungis hdris‖ (Zbt 4?9:5 vni Nk 4?9<). Gh `iy
gbgcugi ngsnùigzi
jnshdnjbngmbi ng ai Dbdabi
y hsmurbjij. ‑Naqun jbci
qun qunqun
jbmn Jbhs ghs nsmhcbý
pnrfignmn ngpiri mhgtbguir
âa, jndn igjirngmhfh
pnmijh,
âa
igjuvh‖ (9 Og 9?;). Aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, Jbhs ghs `i aaifijh i mifbgir ng ai auz, i
vbvbr y i prnjbmir ai hdnjbngmbi qun vbngn phr ai kn ng Mrbsth y na ifhr phr Mrbsth. ]u
pnrjýg aangi
aangi gunstrh mhrizýg mhg ugi hdabcimb
hdabcimbýg
ýg jn ifirah y snrvbran. ]u ifhr ghs aanvi
i mhfpaimnrah. ]u simrbmbh cigý gunstri aniatij. ]u sigcrn ghs mhfprý y yi gh ghs
pnrtngnmnfhs i ghshtrhs fbsfhs. ]u sigcrn gh ghss abdrý jna mistbc
mistbchh y jna phjnr jn gunstrh
gunstrhss
pnmijhs (Ip 9?>). @imnr su vhaugtij
vhaugtij ns gunstrh jnanbtn.
\ 3> ¸Ns phsbdan snr 9> ‑¸Yuâ, puns8 ¸\nmirnfhs, phrqun gh nstifhs dioh ai any, sbgh dioh ai crimbi8
sbnrvhs tigth jna pnmijh Ng gbgcugi fignri. 9; ¸Gh sidâbs qun sb hs shfntâbs i iacubng mhfh nsmaivhs
mhfh jn ai oustbmbi8 Nxpabqun.
piri hdnjnmnran, shbs nsmaivhs jn iquna i qubng hdnjnmâbs, sni jna pnmijh piri
funrtn, h sni jn ai hdnjbngmbi piri oustbmbi8 93 \nrh crimbis
crimbis i Jbhs, qun iugqun
 nribs nsmaivhs jna pnmijh, `idâbs hdnjnmbjh jn mhrizýg i iqunaai khrfi jn
jhmtrbgi i ai muia kubstnbs ngtrncijhs5 90 y abdnrtijhs jna pnmijh, vbgbstnbs i snr
sbnrvhs jn ai oustbmbi‖
oustbmbi‖ (Th ;?9>-905 vni Og 0?=:-=>).
0?=:-=>).
Kbcuri 9.93 Thfighs =?49->?49 ngkitbzi ai oustbmimbýg?
sigtbjij y oustbmbi jn phsbmbýg qun Jbhs ghs bfputi (ghs
imrnjbti) phr fnjbh jn ai kn ng Mrbsth (vni ai disn jna
trbégcuah jn ai sigtbjij ng ai curi >.: ng na abdrh jn Kn y M
Immbýg Thfighs y Céaitis). Jna fbsfh fhjh, Thfighs ;-0 b
ngkitbzi ai sigtbmimbýg, sigtbjij y oustbmbi ng na `imnr y ng n
na snr (vnr ahs aijhs
a ijhs jna trbégcuah jn sigtbjij ng ai curi >.: a
ng na abdrh jn Kn y Immbýg Thfighs y Céaitis). h
Thfighs ;-0 ngkitbzi na prhmnsh jn mrnmnr i ai snfnoigzi
jn Mrbsth. Ai sigtbjij jn ai sigtbmimbýg bfpirtbji
mhfbngzi ng ai rncngnrimbýg y iamigzi su gbvna fés iath ng
ai cahrbmimbýg. Ngtrn na gunvh gimbfbngth y rnmbdbr na gunvh Cahrbmimbýg
munrph, pnrknmmbhgifhs ai sigtbjij? mrnmnfhs ng immbhgns býg
mim
sigtis, imtbtujns sigtis y ng ug mirémtnr sigth. tbk
g
Iacughs `bohs jn ai oustbmbi shg dndâs ng Mrbsth, fbngtris ]i
qun htrhs `ig mrnmbjh `isti snr fés fijurhs. ¡Gunstrh B

cahrbhsh jnstbgh ns aancir i snr mhfpantifngtn sigths, gk

mhfh Jbhs na @boh! Bgmaush i`hri, na Nspærbtu ghs mipimbti
piri aancir i snr fés y fés mhfh gunstrh ]iavijhr b Tncngnrimbýg
(Th 0?42, 4 Mh =?90, Nk :?4:, Mha =?9<). † n y oustbmimbýg
r
g
† Jbicrifi ijiptijh jn? ‑Jnmairn @bs Tbc`tnhusgnss‖ phr Fhrrbs h
Sbaabifs, (]prbgcnaj, Fbsshurb? Chspna \udabs`bgc @husn, 923>).

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg =2

Ai siavimbýg ng Mrbsth sbcgbmi nstir suonth (hdnjnmnr) i ug gunvh ifh. ]nr

siavh jna pnmijh sbcgbmi mifdbir jn ifhs y mifdbir jn rufdh. ]bcgbmi `imnrsn
hdnjbngtn i Mrbsth, jiran ai nspiaji i ah qun ns bgmhrrnmth y jbrbcbrghs `imbi ah
mhrrnmth.
]u ghfdrn ¡Nstn
ns ns na nvigcnabh
Onsÿs, qun \idah
qun sbcgbmi y thjhs
]iavijhr ahs ipýsthans
phrqun Âa siaviprnjbmirhg! ¡Ianauyi!
‑i su pundah jn sus
pnmijhs‖ (Ft 9?49). Onsÿs ghs siavi jna mistbch y jna phjnr jna pnmijh. Ghs rnjbfn
jn ai muapi y jna yuch jna pnmijh. Ghs abdnri jn ai jnshdnjbngmbi y ghs mhgjumn i
ai hdnjbngmbi.
\ 3; ¸Yuâ ns ah fés bfphrtigtn ng na mifbgh jn ai hdnjbngmbi8 [ni ai curi 9.90.
Ng mhgtristn mhg ai hdnjbngmbi, ai jnshdnjbngmbi ns pnmijh ng su khrfi fés \ 33 ¸I qubâg aaifi
icrnsbvi. [nfhs ai jnshdnjbngmbi ng Ijég y Nvi y ng su `boh rndnajn, Miæg. Ai snùhr ai jnshdnjbngmbi8
jnshdnjbngmbi ns rndnabýg mhgtri Jbhs y mhgtri ais anyns y ais iuthrbjijns qun Jbhs `i
nstidanmbjh. Ai hdnjbngmbi vbvn jn tia fignri qun jnfunstri qun Jbhs nsté ng mhgtrha. \ 30 ¸I qubâg ifi ai
\nrh ai jnshdnjbngmbi jbmn? ‑Rh nsthy ng mhgtrha. Rh `ich fbs prhpbis rncais. Rh shy fb jnshdnjbngmbi fés qun
prhpbh snùhr‖. ]haifngtn Jbhs tbngn na jjnrnm`h
nrnm`h jn chdnrgir shdrn su mrnimbýg. Âa nxprnsi i Jbhs8
su vhaugtij phr fnjbh jn anyns y figjifbngths qun hdnjnzmifhs ng ai shmbnjij. \nrh
ahs jnshdnjbngtns bgkrbgcng ai any (9 Og =?:). ]n gbncig i nstir dioh ai iuthrbjij jna Jbhs

Zhjhphjnrhsh.
]nùhr y Tny y snAirndnai
jnshdnjbngmbi
mhgtri Âa.nsIarhfpnr aisi anyns
rnknrbrsn jn Jbhs.
ahs tbnfphs Tnm`izijni Jbhs
pnabcrhshs mhfh
ahs ÿatbfhs
jæis, \idah ngufnri ahs pnmijhs jn ug ifhr y ugi aniatij nqubvhmijhs? ‑…ifijhrns jn
sæ fbsfhs, ivirhs,
ivirhs, …jnsh
…jnshdnjbngtns
dnjbngtns i ah
ahss pijr
pijrns,
ns, …sbg iknmth ggituria,
ituria, … idhrr
idhrrnmnjhrns
nmnjhrns
jn ah dungh, ….ifijhrns jn ahs jnanbtns fés qun jn Jbhs‖ (4 Zb =?4-:). Muigti fés
jnshdnjbngmbi nxbsti ng na fugjh, fés tngndrhsh sn vunavn.
\ 32 ¸Muéans shg ahs jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig tigth na igtbcuh pimth mhfh na gunvh8
Baustrn.

Kbcuri 9.90
Jhs mifbghs mhrrng i ah airch jna igtbcuh
pimth y jna gunvh. Jbhs dngjnmbré i iqunaahs
 muyi kn y ifhr sn figbnstng ng hdnjbngmbi i
Âa y fiajnmbré i iqunaahs muyi bgmrnjuabjij sn
figbnstn ng jnshdnjbngmbi i Âa
(Ft 3?9=-9:, 49-4=, 4:-43).

D. Ahs jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh? gunvh?

ai hdnjbngmbi qun mhgjumn i ais dngjbmbhgns y ai jnshdnjbngmbi qun
mhgjumn i ais fiajbmbhgns.
Ai Dbdabi ngsnùi qun ai hdnjbngmbi ns prundi jn kn y ifhr. 9< Ai kn sn figbnsti mhfh
ifhr
Jhgjn(Cé >?;).aiRknnayifhr
nxbstng hdnjnmn
na ifhr, ahshdnjbngmbi
vnfhs figjifbngths jn Jbhs (Og 9:?9>, 495 9 Og >?=).
i Jbhs.
\ 0< ¸@imbi quâ
Ng ugi rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs, na ifhr ng ai khrfi jn hdnjbngmbi ns nsngmbia. Ai hdnjbngmbi jbrnmmbhgns mhgjumng ahs
ns ugi bfphrtigtn mhgnxbýg mhg Jbhs qun ahs `ufighs gh jndng qundrigtir. Jnsjn mifbghs jn ai hdnjbngmbi y
na `unrth jna Njâg, Jbhs nxbcbý hdnjbngmbi piri tngnr ugi rnaimbýg mhg ahs `ufighs. jn ai jnshdnjbngmbi8

:< Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

\ 09 ¸Mýfh iknmti ai Fbngtris Ijég y Nvi hdnjnmbnrhg i Jbhs, jbskrutirhg jn ahs kruths jna Njâg y jn
jnshdnjbngmbi ai rnaimbýg mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs. \nrh muigjh an jnshdnjnmbnrhg i Jbhs, pnrjbnrhg su ægtbfi rnaimbýg
jn Jbhs mhg ahs `ufighs8 mhg Âa, su prbvbancbh jn vbvbr ng na `unrth y su mipimbjij jn vbvbr sbg ai funrtn. Jn bcuia
Ipugtn jhs baustrimbhgns.
baustrimbhgns.
fignri, muigjh Bsrina hdnjnmbý i Jbhs, thjh bdi dbng. \nrh muigjh an jnshdnjnmbnrhg,
pnrjbnrhg su rnbgh, su tbnrri, su prhspnrbjij, su piz y, ah pnhr jn thjh, pnrjbnrhg su
firivbaahsi rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs. Ai hdnjbngmbi ns na mifbgh ismngjngtn y ai jnshdnjbngmbi
ns ug mifbgh jnsmngjngtn.
Fbrnfhs fés jn mnrmi ahs mifbghs jn ai hdnjbngmbi y jn ai jnshdnjbngmbi i ah airch
jn ai Dbdabi.
9. Ai hdnjbngmbi nri ugi pirtn vbtia ng na igtbcuh pimth.
Dioh na igtbcuh pimth, Idri`if ns ug nonfpah firivbaahsh jn ug aæjnr qun
fhstrý su kn y ifhr phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi. ‑\hr ai kn Idri`if, sbngjh aaifijh,
hdnjnmbý piri siabr ia aucir qun `idæi jn rnmbdbr mhfh `nrngmbi5 y siabý sbg sidnr i
\ 04 ¸Mýfh jýgjn bdi‖ (@nd 99?0). Ai kn y na ifhr i Jbhs jn Idri`if nrig ais riæmns, y su
figbknstidi Idri`if su kn y hdnjbngmbi nri na kruth. Jndbjh i qun âa mifbgý phr ai sngji jn ai hdnjbngmbi, Jbhs
ifhr piri Jbhs8 pujh dngjnm
d ngjnmbrah.
brah. Iùhs jnspu
jnspuâs
âs jn qqun
un Idri`i
Idri`iff idi
idigjhgi
gjhgiri ri ^r jn ahs miajn
miajnhs,
hs, Jb
Jbhs
hs
]ni nspnmæmh.
ah prhdý piri vnr sb âa hdnjnmnræi. Jbhs an pbjbý qun thfiri i su `boh Bsiim y qun ah
hkrnmbnri ng simrbmbh ng na Fhgtn Fhrbi`. Gunvifngtn, Idri`if jnfhstrý
su kn y ifhr i Jbhs ia hdnjnmnran. Idri`if gh sidæi qun jnspuâs jn jhs
fba iùhs, Jbhs simrbmiræi i su @boh ugbcâgbth ng ug fhgtn mnrmigh. \nrh su
mhgigzi y ifhr phr Jbhs ah aanvý i hdnjnmnr. Nsti hdnjbngmbi `bzh qun na
mhrizýg jn Jbhs migtiri y sn rnchmboiri phrqun Âa sn jnanbti ng dngjnmbrghs.
Jbhs jboh?
9; ‑…y jboh? \hr fæ fbsfh `n ourijh, jbmn On`hvé, qun
phr muigth `is `nm`h
nsth, y gh fn `is rn`usijh tu `boh, tu ÿgbmh `boh5 jn mbnrth tn dngjnmbrâ, y
93

fuatbpabmirâ tu jnsmngjngmbi mhfh ais nstrnaais jna mbnah y mhfh ai irngi

qun nsté i ai hrbaai jna fir5 y tu jnsmngjngmbi phsnnré ais punrtis jn sus
ngnfbchs. 90 Ng tu sbfbngtn ssnrég
nrég dngjb
dngjbtis
tis thjis ais gimb
gimbhgns
hgns jn ai tbnrr
tbnrri,
i, phr
Kbcuri 9.92 muigth hdnjnmbstn i fb vhz ‖ (Cg 44?9;-90).
44?9;-90).
Idri`if kun ug crig aæjnr, muyi kn y
ifhr phr Jbhs sn figbknstirhg phr Ai vbji jn Idri`if ghs rnmunrji qun ai hdnjbngmbi ns na mifbgh jn
fnjbh jn su hdnjbngmbi. ai dngjbmbýg.

\ 0=
ngsnùig
¸Ahs prhkntis
qun Jbhs shah Dioh na igtbcuh pimth, ahs prhkntis nrig dhmi y vhz piri Jbhs. Ans rnmhrjidig i ais
pnrshgis ais dngjbmbhgns y ais fiajbmbhgns rnaimbhgijis mhg na pimth jn Jbhs mhg Bs
Bsrina.
rina.
rnmhfbngji ai hdnjbngmbi h
qun ai nxbcn8 Baustrn.
Ifýs `idaý (prhkntbzý) imnrmi jn ai bgoustbmbi shmbia, ai bjhaitræi y ai bgfhriabjij ng
Bsrina. Hsnis prhkntbzý ng mhgtri jn ai ijhrimbýg i Diia phr pirtn jn Bsrina . Bsrina
an kun bgna ia ]nùhr, su nsphsh. Ahs prhkntis ngkitbzirhg qun Jbhs jnfigji qun
ghshtrhs ah ifnfhs i Âa y i htrhs phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi i sus anyns. Jbhs nxbcn
 hdnjbngmbi ng khrfi jn oustbmbi, rnmtbtuj y ugi vbji sigti. Ahs prhkntis `idairhg
imnrmi jn Jbhs y su mirémtnr bgfutidan.
bgfutidan. An rnmhrjidig i Bsrina ai crimb
crimbii y ahs ``nm`hs
nm`hs
gthshss jn Jbhs. Âa ahs `idæi abdnrijh jn Ncbpth (If 4?9<-995 =?9-45 2?3). Naahs
phrtngthsh
phrtn
`idairhg jna pimth jn ifhr phr su pundah (Onr 99?9-9=). Bgstidig i ais pnrshgis i
hdnjnmnran i Jbhs y ijhrirah i Âa shaifngtn (Onr 9<?9-9;).
\ 0: ¸Muéa nri na Na igtbcuh pimth nri ug mhgvngbh jn pirtn jn Jbhs qun rbcbý ai rnaimbýg ngtrn
igtbcuh pimth8 Jbhs n Bsrina. Na pimth mhgtngæi anyns qun Bsrina jndæi hdnjnmnr. Nstidanmæi rniabjijns
¸Yubâg ah mrný8 ¸Ng quâ
nstidi disijh8
phsbtbvis y gncitbvis.
gncitbvis. Jbhs prhfnt bý dngjnmbr i ahs bsrinabtis sb naahs hdnjnmæig ai any h
prhfntbý
\ 0> ¸Muéans shg ais fiajnmbrahs sb naahs jnshdnjnmæig
i Bsrina, Âa prhfntbý . Ng htris
`imnrai mufpabr . 99 Na piaidris,
fbgbstnrbhJbhs
jn gh
ahs sbfpanfngtn
prhkntis nri an jbh ai any
rnmhrjiran
jhs prhfnsis prhmaifijis
phr na igtbcuh pimth8 (Av 4;5 i Bsrina ah qun ai any nxbcæi y qun Jbhs dngjnmbræi h fiajnmbræi su mhfphrtifbngth
Jt 43—=<).
—=<). (curi 9.4<).

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg :9

\ 0; ¸Mýfh prhfntbý Jbhs `imnr mufpabr na igtbcuh pimth8

Igtbcuh Igtbcuh
Dngj
ngjbm
bmbh
bhg
gns phr
phr hdn
hdnjjnmnr
nmnr ai any
any Fi
Fiajajbm
bmbh
bhgn
gnss phr
phr jns
jnshdnj
hdnjnmnmnr
nr ai any
any
Znstifngth Znstifngth
Av 4;?9-9= [bji, siauj, tbnrris, prhspnrbjij, Funrtn, ngknrfnjij, snquæis, nsmisnz, pnabcrh, Av 4;?9:-=2
Jt :?=4-:< mhsnm`i idugjigtn, rnspnth, jnstrummbýg, tnfhr, jnrrhti, nxbabh, phdrnzi, Jt :?9>-40
Jt 40?9-9: sncurbjij y rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs. jnscrimbi y snpirimbýg jn Jbhs. Jt 43?9:-4;5 40?9>-;0
Kbcuri 9.4< \iri bgtnrprntir i ahs prhkntis, rnmunrjn
rnmunrjn qun ai fiyhr
fiyhr pirtn jn ah qun jnmæig sn rnaimbhgidi mh mhg
g
dngjbmbhgns y fiajbmbhgns, mhfh rnsuatijh jn ai hdnjbngmbi h jn ai jnshdnjbngmbi (Jt 43”=<).
I fnjbji qun ustnj ann ahs prhkntis, dusqun ug pitrýg sbfpan. Na prhknti rnprngjn i \ 03 ¸Muéans shg ais
Bsrina phr pnmir h an rnmunrji na ifhr jn Jbhs. Aunch na prhknti ans ijvbnrtn imnrmi jn ugi jhs mhgjbmbhgns qun Jbhs
fiajbmbýg h ans prhfntn ugi dngjbmbýg, jnpngjbngjh jn ai hdnjbngmbi jn Bsrina h jn su rnsiati phr fnjbh jn Bsiæis
piri rnmbdbr sus dngjbmbhgns8
dngjbmbhgns8
jnshdnjbngmbi. Bsiæis rnsufbý ahs pimths jn Jbhs mhg ai `ufigbjij muigjh prhkntbzý? 92 ‑]b
qubsbnrnbs y hynrnbs, mhfnrâbs na dbng jn ai tbnrri5 4< sb gh qubsbnr
qubsbnrnbs
nbs y kunrnbs rndnaj
rndnajns,
ns, \ 00 ¸Yuâ jntnrfbgidi
snrâbs mhgsufbjhs i nspiji5 phrphrqun
qun ai dhmi jn On`hvé ah `i jjbm`h‖
bm`h‖ (Bs 9?92-4<). qun Jbhs dngjbonri h
fiajbonri i Bsrina8
\ 02 Mhgtnstn ais prncugtis jn ai curi 9.49.
Znxths \rncugtis piri mhgtnstir
Jt 43?9
43?9>-4
>-4;
; ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ ans prhfnt
prhfntbý
bý Jbhs
Jbhs i ah
ahss qun hdnjnm
hdnjnmbnr
bnrig
ig su
suss figjif
figjifbng
bngths
ths88
Jt 40?9
40?9>-;
>-;0
0 ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ ans prhfnt
prhfntbý
bý Jbhs
Jbhs i ah
ahss qun jnshdn
jnshdnjnm
jnmbnr
bnrig
ig su
suss figjif
figjifbng
bngths
ths8
8
Jt 40?9
40?9-9:
-9: ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ ans
ans prhfn
prhfntbý
tbý Jbhs
Jbhs i aahs
hs qun
qun hdnj
hdnjnmb
nmbnri
nrig
g su
suss figji
figjifbn
fbngth
gths8
s8
4 Mr 9;?2
9;?2 ¸Y
¸Yuâ
uâ ma
mais
isn
njjn
n aæj
aæjnr
nrns
ns nsté
nsté dusm
dusmig
igjh
jh Jbhs
Jbhs p
pir
iriiddng
ngjn
jnmb
mbr8
r8
Kbcuri 9.49 \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs rnsuatijhs
jn ai hdnjbngmbi y jn ai jnshdnjbngmbi.
Zhjhs ahs jbnmbsâbs prhkntis nsmrbdbnrhg ng ug mhrth pnrbhjh jn ai `bsthrbi dædabmi, \ 2< ¸Yuâ ans ngsnùig
shaifngtn trnsmbngths iùhs jnsjn Ifýs i Fiaiquæis (:;< i. M.). R ai fiyhr pirtn jn ahs nsmrbths jn ahs prhkntis i
ais kuturis cngnrimbhgns8
sus nsmrbths nrig rnprngsbhgns y ijvnrtngmbis imnrmi jna oubmbh vngbjnrh phr miusi jn
ai jnshdnjbngmbi jn Bsrina. Jbhs tngæi jhs rizhgns piri qun nsmrbdbnrig ahs prhkntis.
\rbfnri, piri ijvnrtbran i Bsrina imnrmi jna oubmbh vngbjnrh y jn ugi nspnrigzi kuturi sb
na irrnpngtbfbngth sncuæi ia mistbch. ]ncugji
]ncugji,, piri fhstrir i ais kuturis cngnrimbhgns
qun, sbg juji, Jbhs dngjnmbræi i ahs qun nxprnsirig su kn phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi, y
fiajnmbræi i ahs qun nxprnsirig bgmrnjuabjij phr fnjbh jn ai jnshdnjbngmbi.
]b ais pnrshgis jn muiaqubnr cngnrimbýg sn irrnpbngtng y sn imnrmig i Jbhs, Âa ais
dngjbmn (Onr =?94-9:5 :?9-:5 Th :?3-0). \nrh sb naahs gh rnsphgjng i ai crimbi jn Jbhs mhg
kn, ifhr y hdnjbngmbi, na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh bgmauyng fiajbmbhgns
fiajbmbhgns.. Fhbsâs ijvbrtbý
qun ai gimbýg jn Bsrina sukrbræi jnstrummbýg phr su jnshdnjbngmbi (Jt 43”40).
4. Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ugi pirtn
pirtn vbtia jna gunvh pimth.
pimth. \ 29 Dioh na gunvh
pimth, ¸shdrn quâ dis
disn
n ghs
s
,
s
,
s
, ji Jbhs vbji ntnrgi8 (Th 4?3).
h rh
tr t
s rh
t
i h h
s h h
b
bm
s
h h æ
j s \ 24 Dioh na gunvh
t
s
g h
j
g
h
u
o
h
g 3 pimth, ¸quâ ans jiré Jbhs i
-4
g
uo ri i n j i
r n
rt
i m i

-3
n p n i
b m i g ahs qun sbcung ai fiajij ng
j i
b
p
a bm
t
n
p
p
bi
n s
h >
?4
j
?9
i bm n s a s bi tr vnz jn sncubr i Mrbsth8
j t r u n bm
t n m
bt h =
b < s h o j bat
9 s
n ?4 u o p
9
?4 n
m
r
n 0 u
s
o g u
s i ?9
> ; (Th 4?0).
s
m
n —
=
0
n
n
i
g
n
—
>
9
u
j
j —
h ; n
m
n
c
9
9
—
o
n
y
Â
a —
9
9
g v 2 ?9
h i
rt ?9
9
h
r
p
i
?4
=
h
r
p
p
a
n
n
rk
i
r
i x
c
b i
r 4
9 s
g s
n
p
s
a
n s
bh
j
j
h
s y
p n
s
h
f
h
u bh j i h bh i
 i J tr
f
G
?
h
J
?
g
g
ý
j
?
g n
d
J
?
g
J
?
s
i
bý
h j
i
ý
b
m
r
n
p m
ab bý
n
g f
T
m
n
\
i
m
i
m
b
m
m
n
a
h
b
m h

bt
s
t
g
i
N
i
a
n
T
T
u ]
O

Kbcuri 9.44 Thfighs 9?9-3 y Thfighs 9;?4>-43 shg mhfh jhs ‑suonti abdrhs jna nvigcnabh‖
qun shstbngng mbgmh ugbjijns h ‑abdrhs‖ qun nxpabmig na nvigcnabh jn \idah.
Hdsnrvn qun Thfighs mhfbngzi y tnrfbgi ugbngjh ai kn mhg ai hdnjbngmbi (Th 9?>5 9;?4;).

:4 Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

;Jbhs ‑na muia piciré i miji ugh mhgkhrfn i sus hdris? 3 vbji ntnrgi i ahs qun,
pnrsnvnrigjh ng dbng `imnr, dusmig cahrbi y `hgri n bgfhrtiabjij
bgfhrtiabjij,, 0 pnrh bri y
nghoh i ahs qun shg mhgtngmbhshs y gh hdnjnmng i ai vnrjij, sbgh qun hdnjnmng
i ai bgoustbmbi5 2 trbduaimbýg y igcustbi shdrn thjh snr `ufigh qun `imn ah fiah,
na oujæh prbfnrifngtn y tifdbâg na crbnch,9< pnrh cahrbi y `hgri y piz i thjh na
qun `imn ah dungh, ia oujæh prbfnrifngtn y tifdbâg ia crbnch5 99 phrqu phrqunn gh `iy
imnpmbýg jn pnrshgis piri mhg Jbhs‖ (Th 4?;-99).
4?;-99).
\ 2= ¸Yuâ fngsion jn ^gi prncugti `nrfngâutbmi ns? ¸Yuâ ghs ngsnùig `hy ais ijvnrtngmbis y ais
ahs prhkntis ghs ngsnùi i prhfnsis jn ahs prhkntis8 ]b ngtngjnfhs na mhgtnxth `bstýrbmh jna prhknti, ngthgmns
nsmum`ir ah qun Jbhs nsté
phjrnfhs nsmum`ir ah qun Jbhs ans nstidi jbmbngjh i ais pnrshgis ng nsn ngthgmns. R
jbmbngjh `hy8
i`hri,, krnmungtnfngtn nsmum`ifhs i Jbhs jbmbâgjhghs ah fbsfh. ]u \iaidri jbmn qun
i`hri
Jbhs ghs dngjnmbré sb an hdnjnmnfhs, pnrh ghs mistbciré sb an jnshdnjnmnfhs.
j nshdnjnmnfhs.
\ 2: Dioh na gunvh Dioh na igtbcuh pimth
pimth,, phr fnjbh jn ahs prhkntis, Jbhs ans `imæi ug aaifijh i Bsrina y
pimth, ¸i qubâgns ghs nxbcn i Oujé i hdnjnmnran. Dioh na gunvh pimth
pimth, Jbhs nxbcn ai fbsfi rnspunsti jn hdnjbngmbi.
Jbhs qun ifnfhs8
Na ousth vbvbré phr kn,
kn, ai qun sn figbnsti phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi (@id 4?:5 Th 9?935
\ 2> ¸Ghs nxbcn Jbhs Cé =?995 @nd 9<?=0). Ah qun Jbhs jnsnidi jn Bsrina y jn Oujé nri kn ng Âa y hdnjbngmbi i
i ghshtrhs ai fbsfi maisn sus figjifbngths. R ah qun Jbhs jnsni jn ais pnrshgis `hy ns kn ng Mrbsth y hdnjbngmbi
jn rnspunsti qun an nxbcbý i i sus ngsnùigzis. Annr i ahs prhkntis ns ug mhgstigtn rnmhrjithrbh jn qun Jbhs gh
Bsrina8 Nxpabqun.
shaifngtn prhphrmbhgi ug pimth, sbgh qun tifdbâg ah `imn mufpabrmufpabr.. 94
\ 2; Dioh na gunvh Jbhs dngjbmn i iqunaahs qun mrnng ng Mrbsth y hdnjnmng sus ngsnùigzis (ifir i
pimth, ¸mýfh `imn Jbhs Jbhs y i gunstrh prýobfh). Nsti hdnjbngmbi ns phsbdan fbngtris mifbgnfhs i ai auz jn
phsbdan qun ghshtrhs
an hdnjnzmifhs8 ais Nsmrbturis, jnpngjifhs jn Jbhs, rnsbstifhs ia jbidah y i ahs jnsnhs jn ai mirgn,
pnrfignzmifhs ng Mrbsth y vbvifhs aanghs jna Nspærbtu ] ]igth.
igth. \nrh piri iqunaahs qun
nxprnsig su bgmrnjuabjij phr fnjbh jn su prhpbh abdrn iadnjræh y jnshdnjbngmbi, na
rnsuatijh ntnrgh snré fiajbmbhgns. 9=
Dioh na gunvh pimth, Jbhs nxbcn ugi kn y ug ifhr qun prhjuzmig na kruth jn ai
hdnjbngmbi. \nrh Âa nsmrbdn su any ng gunstrh mhrizýg, ghs abfpbi jn gunstrhs pnmijhs
mhg ai sigcrn jna Mhrjnrh, ghs ji abdrn immnsh i su prnsngmbi y i su \iaidri. Âa mhfpirtn
su giturianzi y su phjnr mhg ghshtrhs phr fnjbh jna Nspærbtu ]igth (4 \ 9?:) y ghs
pnrjhgi muigjh mhgknsifhs gunstrhs
gunstrhs pnmijhs y ghs ipirtifhs
ipirtifhs jn nsths (9 Og 9?3-2).
\ 23 Mhfpantn ai sncugji mhaufgi jn ai curi 9.4=.
Gunvh
]us rnsÿfngns imnrmi jna ifhr y ai kn qun sn figbnstig phr fnjbh jn aaii hdnjbngmbi
Znstifngth
Ft 3?49-43

Ft 44?=3
44?=3-:<
-:< ¸Mýfh
¸Mýfh sn rnvn
rnvnai
ai na ifhr
ifhr q
qun
un Onsÿs
Onsÿs rnqub
rnqubnrn
nrn8
8
Ft 40?4<
Og 9:?9>
Og 9:?4=-4:
Th 4?;-9
4?;-99
9 ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ jntnr
jntnrfbg
fbgi
i qun
qun Jbhs
Jbhs dngj
dngjbci
bci h fiajb
fiajbci
ci i aais
is pnrsh
pnrshgis
gis8
8
Th 0?94-9:
Th 9=?0-9<
Th 9?>5 9;?4; Thfighs
Thfighs nfpbnzi
nfpbnzi y tnrfbgi
tnrfbgi mhg .
9 Mh ;?2-99
Cé >?92-4;
Nk 4?9-
4?9-4
4 ¸Muéa
¸Muéa ns
ns ai mhgj
mhgjbmb
bmbýg
ýg nspb
nspbrbt
rbtuia
uia jn ahs
ahs qun
qun vbvng
vbvng ng jnsh
jnshdnj
dnjbng
bngmbi
mbi i Jbhs8
Jbhs8
 Nk :?93”>?4<
Kbcuri 9.4= Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg :=

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Gunvh
]us rnsÿfngns imnrmi jna ifhr y ai kn qun sn figbnstig phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi
Znstifngth
Nk >?9
>?9-3
-3 ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ vvngj
ngjré
ré shdr
shdrn
n ahs
ahs jns
jnshdn
hdnjbn
jbngtn
gtnss i ahs figjif
figjifbng
bngths
ths jn Jbhs8
Jbhs8
Mha =?9-93
Zbt 4?99-9:
]tc 4?4; ¸Yuâ ans jbmn ]igtbich i iqunaahs qun irfig tngnr kn pnrh gh vbvng ng sigtbjij8

9 \ =?9<-94
9 Og >?4-:
Kbcuri 9.4= \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs pisions qun funstrig qun Jbhs nxbcn ug ifhr y ugi kn qun hdnjnmng.
Onsÿs ans ngsnùý i sus jbsmæpuahs qun na ifhr sn figbnsti phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi.
Gunstrh ]nùhr jboh? ‑]b fn ifébs, cuirjij fbs figjifbngths‖ (Og 9:?9>).
4=
‑Tnsphgjbý Onsÿs y an jboh? Na qun fn ifi, fb piaidri cuirjiré5 y fb \ijrn
an ifiré, y vngjrnfhs i âa, y `irnfhs fhriji mhg âa. 4: Na qun gh fn ifi, gh
cuirji fbs piaidris5 y ai piaidri qun `idâbs hæjh gh ns fæi, sbgh jna \ijrn qun
fn ngvbý‖ (Og 9:?4=-4:).
9:?4=-4:).
Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ai nvbjngmbi jn qun ififhs i Jbhs. \hr na mhgtrirbh, ai
jnshdnjbngmbi jnfunstri qun gh ififhs i Jbhs. Onsÿs ngtrngý aæjnrns y Âa ans ngsnùý
qun ai hdnjbngmbi ns ai prundi jn su ifhr phr Âa. Ijnfés, Âa ngsnùý qun ai hdnjbngmbi
jnfunstri sb iacubng ns sncubjhr jn Onsumrbsth. Tnmhghmnfhs i ahs sncubjhrns jn Onsÿs

phr90su‑Rhdnjbngmbi i sus ngsnùigzis.

Onsÿs sn imnrmý ngsnù igzis.jbmbngjh?
y ans `idaý ]u crig mhfbsbýg jbmn? fn ns jiji ng na mbnah y
Zhji phtnstij
ng ai tbnrri. 92 \hr tigth, bj, y `imnj
`imnj jbsmæpuahs i thjis ais gimbhgns, diutbzégjhahs
diutbzégjhahs
ng na ghfdrn jna \ijrn, y jna @boh, y jna Nspærbtu ]igth5 ngsnùégjhans qun
4<

cuirjng thjis ais mhsis qun hs `n figjijh5 y `n iquæ yh nsthy mhg vhshtrhs
40?90-4<).
thjhs ahs jæis, `isti na g jna fugjh. Ifâg‖ (Ft 40?90-4<).
@udh aécrbfis ng ai vhz jn Onsÿs muigjh prhkntbzý ugi fiajbmbýg qun Jbhs tngjræi
qun ngvbir shdrn Bsrina. Onsÿs aahrý?
=3 ‑¡Onrusiaâg, Onrusiaâg, qun fitis i ahs prhkntis, y ipnjrnis i ahs qun tn shg

ngvbijhs! ¡Muégtis vnmns qubsn ougtir i tus `bohs, mhfh ai ciaabgi ougti sus
phaaunahs jndioh jn ais iais, y gh qubsbstn! =0 @n iquæ vunstri misi hs ns jnoiji
jnsbnrti. =2 \hrqun hs jbch qun jnsjn i`hri gh fn vnrâbs, `isti qun jbcébs?
Dngjbth na qun vbngn ng na ghfdrn
ghfdrn jna ]nù
]nùhr‖
hr‖ (Ft 4=?=3-=2).
4=?=3-=2).
\hr na mhgtrirbh, Jbhs dngjnmbré su vbji `isti qun shdrnidugjn, i fnjbji qun ustnj
mifbgn jnaigtn jn Âa. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, su hdnjbngmbi an pnrfbtn i Jbhs `imnr thjh ah qun
Âa jnsni ng su vbji y ng su fbgbstnrbh. ^g fbgbstnrbh mhg Jbhs ns ugi rnaimbýg. ]ni na
ng su pnqunùi pirtn jn hdnjbngmbi y Âa snré na ng sus crigjns paigns piri ustnj.

Anmmbýg Ai hdnjbngmbi jna ifhr ng ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. \irtn 4

> (Ouig 9:?9>, 4=-4:).
Hdontbvh? Nxpabmir sbntn mirimtnræstbmis jn ai hdnjbngmbi qun na ifhr y ai kn prhjumng n baustrirais.

M. Na ifhr y ai kn prhjumng ugi hdnjbngmbi qun tbng tbngnn

virbis mirimtnræstbmis.
\ 20 ¸]hg ahs
Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ai nvbjngmbi jn qun ififhs i Onsÿs. Yubng ifi i Onsÿs an hdnjnmn. figjifbngths jn Jbhs ug
Yubng primtbmi ai jnshdnjbngmbi sn ifi i sæ fbsfh y ia fugjh fés qun i Onsÿs. ‑\uns pnsh qun bfpbjn ai abdnrtij h,
nstn ns na ifhr i Jbhs, qun cuirjnfhs sus figjifbngths5 y sus figjifbngths gh shg fés dbng, ugi migmbýg qun
crivhshs‖ (9 Og >?=). aangi su mhrizýg8 Nxpabqun.
:: Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

\ 22 ¸Mýfh sn Iacughs, mhfh jbmn \idah, irfig qun ifig i Jbhs, pnrh vbhaig sus figjifbngths.
prundi h sn mhgtrijbmn
mhgtrijbmn Isæ qun, \idah aancý i ai mhgmausbýg jn qun ahs rndnajns punjng prhknsi
prhknsirr mhghmnr y ifir
gunstri irfimbýg jn qun i Jbhs, ‑…pnrh mhg ahs `nm`hs ah gbncig, sbngjh idhfbgidans y rndnajns, rnprhdijhs ng
mhghmnfhs y ififhs
i Jbhs8 muigth i thji dungi hdri‖ (Zbt 9?9;). Ns bfphsbdan ifir i Jbhs y vbvbr ng jnshdnjbngmbi
i Âa. Onsÿs rnsufbý? ‑Na qun fn ifi, fb piaidri cuirjiré‖ (Og 9:?4=).
Ai hdnjbngmbi rnvnai gunstrh ifhr phr Jbhs, fbngtris ghs shfntifhs i su vhaugtij .
Onsÿs kun fhjnah jn hdnjbngmbi ng Cntsnfigæ muigjh hrý? ‑\ijrn fæh, sb ns phsbdan,
pisn jn fæ nsti mhpi5 pnrh gh sni mhfh yh qubnrh, sbgh mhfh tÿ‖ (Ft 4;?=2). \hr na
mhgtrirbh, na jnshdnjbngtn jbmn? ‑Gh sni mhfh tÿ qubnrns
q ubnrns sbgh mhfh yh‖.
\ 9<< Jn imunrjh mhg
Onsÿs, ¸qubâgns shg ahs
Onsÿs prhkntbzý imnrmi jn ahs jnshdnjbngtns y jn ahs hdnjbngtns?
ÿgbmhs qun vig ia mbnah8
49
‑Gh thjh na qun fn jbmn? ]nùhr, ]nùhr, ngtriré ng na rnbgh jn ahs mbnahs, sbgh na
qun `imn ai vhaugtij jn fb \ijrn qun nsté ng ahs mbnahs . 44 Fum`hs fn jbrég ng
iquna jæi? ]nùhr, ]nùhr, ¸gh prhkntbzifhs ng tu ghfdrn, y ng tu ghfdrn nm`ifhs
kunri jnfhgbhs, y ng tu ghfdrn
ghfdrn `bmbfhs fum`hs fbaicr
fbaicrhs8
hs8 4= R ngthgmns ans
jnmairirâ? Gugmi hs mhghmæ5 ipirtihs jn fæ, `imnjhrns jn fiajij‖ (Ft 3?49-4=).
3?49-4=).
]hah ahs hdnjbngtns vig ia rnbgh jn Jbhs.
\ 9<9 I fnjbji qun ivigmn ng nsti anmmbýg, mhfpantn
mhfpantn ai mhaufgi = jn ai curi 9.4:,
snmmbýg phr snmmbýg.

]bntn mirimtnræstbmis
Baustrimbhgns ]us rnsÿfngns
jn ai hdnjbngmbi
Ft 49?=<5
9. Tépbji
Og 4?>-3

4. Iancrn 9 Og >?=
9 ] 9>?25
=. Mhfpanti
Og 2?;-3
:. [bsbhgirbi @nd 99?0

>. [iabngtn @nd 99?0

;. Mhgtbgui Og 0?42
9 ] 9>?945
3. @ufbajn
Am 93?3-9<
Kbcuri 9.4: \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ais sbntn mirimtnræstbmis jn ai hdnjbngmbi prhjumbjis
prhjumbjis phr na ifhr y ai kn. 9:
Jâfhsans ugi fbriji fés mnrmigi i nstis sbntn mirimtnræstbmis jn ai hdnjbngmbi.
\ 9<4 ¸Jn quâ fignri 9. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an an icriji i Jb hs ns répbji. Ai fbtij jn ai dnaanzi jn ai
Jbhs
ai jnfhri nm`i i pnrjnr hdnjbngmbi ns `imnrai bgfnjbitifngtn. Ai hdnjbngmbi tirjæi ns jnshdnjbngmbi. Isæ qun,
ai hdnjbngmbi8 muigjh Jbhs ghs jbmn qun `icifhs iach, hdnjnzmifhs ah igtns phsbdan, yi sni diutbzirsn,
\ 9<= ¸\hr quâ jir, tnstbmir, pnrjhgir, irrnpngtbrsn. ]uphgcifhs qun ug pijrn an jbmn i su `boh qun
jndnfhs snr répbjhs piri `ici iach. ¸An icrijiræi ia pijrn sb su `boh jbonri? ‑Ah mhgsbjnrirâ‖ h ‑[hy i bgtngtir
hdnjnmnr i Jbhs8
`imnrah ng ughs jæis‖8 ^gi rnspunsti mhfh nsi snræi bfprujngmbi, gh hdnjbngmbi. ^g
`boh tnrrngia jndn `hgrir i sus pijrns tnrrngians mhg prhgtbtuj. ¡Muégth fés jndnræifhs
`hgrir i gunstrh \ijrn mnanstbia répbjifngtn! Ai hdnjbngmbi ns piri na tbnfph prnsngtn.
Jndn snr répbji piri icrijir i Jbhs.
\ 9<: ¸Mýfh mrnn 4. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an an icriji i Jbhs ns iancrn. Ai hdnjbngmbi rngungtn y phmh
ustnj qun na Tny jna ugbvnrsh ngtusbisti gh an icriji i Jbhs phrqun Âa mhghmn ais bgtngmbhgns jna mhrizýg. Na ]nùhr
sn sbngtn mhg ugi
hdnjbngmbi rnimbi8
ifi ia qun ji mhg iancræi jbgnrh, tbnfph y hdnjbngmbi (4 Mh 2?3). ^g pijrn an jboh i su
`boh qun sn sngtiri. Na `boh sn sngtý, pnrh su rhstrh jnfhstridi qun gh qunræi sngtirsn
y qun ng su bgtnrbhr iÿg nstidi jn pbn. Nstn gbùh nri mhfh Ohgés, qubng kun i Gægbvn
prhtnstigjh. Bgmaush jnspuâs jn qun fbans jn gbgbvbtis sn irrnpbgtbnrhg, Ohgés iÿg

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg :>

sncuæi qunoégjhsn. ]u imtbtuj `njæi pnhr qun ug pnrrh funrth. ¸Mrnn ustnj qun nstn
tbph jn hdnjbngmbi rnimbi an icriji i Jbhs8 ¸^gi pnrshgi ns rniafngtn siavi muigjh
gh hdnjnmn i Jbhs jn thjh mhrizýg8 ‑\uns nstn ns na ifhr i Jbhs, qun cuirjnfhs sus
figjifbngths5 y sus figjifbngths gh shg crivhshs‖ (9 Og >?=).
=. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an icriji i Jbhs Jbhs ns mhfpanti. Na rny ]iÿa hdnjnmbý ng pirtn \ 9<> ¸Muéa ns htrh
ah qun Jbhs an `idæi jbm`h qun `bmbnri (9 ] 9>). \nrh ai hdnjbngmbi pirmbia ns ug bgsuath ghfdrn qun sn an ji i ai
hdnjbngmbi pirmbia8
piri Jbhs. Mhfh rnsuatijh jn gh hdnjnmnran mhfpantifngtn, Jbhs rnm`izý mhfh aæjnr
i nstn hdstbgijh rny. \hr na mhgtrirbh, `hgrnfhs i Jbhs `imbngjh nximtifngtn ah qun Âa
ghs jbmn.
:. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an icriji i Jbhs ns vbsbhgirbi5 fbri `imbi na kuturh. Idri`if \ 9<; ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh

idigjhgý ^r jn ahs miajnhs sbg sidnr ijýgjn sn jbrbcæi.

jbr bcæi. Yubzés fum`hs i su iarnjnjhr ns vbsbhgirbi ai hdnjbngmbi
i Jbhs8 Hkrnzmi jhs
pngsi rhg qun âa nri ug bgsng
pngsirhg bgsngsith.
sith. \nrh ai kn ng Jbhs an hdnjn
hdnjnmn,
mn, mhg
mhgigjh
igjh ng qun baustrimbhgns.
Âa ns na piri `imnr thjh ah qun ghs prhfntn. Iacughs, mhfh Nsiÿ, vbvng phr ah qun
punjng
punjn g tngnr ng nsths fhfngths.
fhfngths. \nrh ai kn hdnjnmn phrqun tbngn ai vbsbýg nspbrbtuia qun
vn ah bgvbsbdan.
>. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an icriji i Jbhs ns viabngtn. Ais pnrshgis jna fugjh jnpngjng \ 9<3 ¸Muéans shg
jn naais fbsfis? su khrfi jn pngsir, su jbgnrh, sus `idbabjijns y sus rnaimbhgns `ufigis. iacughs nonfpahs jn ai
hdnjbngmbi iujiz h viabngtn8
\nrh ai kn an hdnjnmn i Jbhs mhg viangtæi, iug muigjh gh mhfprngjn mhfpantifngtn. Ghâ
an hdnjnmbý i Jbhs, tridioigjh iùhs piri mhgstrubr na irmi, fbngtris qun ais pnrshgis ah
rbjbmuabzidig. Ohsuâ y ahs bsrinabtis firm`irhg iarnjnjhr jn Onrbmý trnmn vnmns phrqun nsth
kun ah qun Jbhs ans jboh qun `bmbnrig. Cnjnýg an hdnjnmbý i Jbhs mhg viahr, iugqun su
pnqunùhh nnoârmbt
pnqunù oârmbthh ppirnmæi
irnmæi ug ritýg i pugth
pugth jn aum`i
aum`irr mh
mhgg ug anýg. I ah airc
airchh jjnn ai
ai Db
Dbdabi
dabi y jjnn
ai `bsthrbi jn ai `ufigbjij, vnfhs fbans jn nonfpahs jn hdnjbngmbi iujiz qun mhgjuonrhg
i ug fbaicrh. Ai hdnjbngmbi thfi rbnschs phrqun ifi y mhgkæi ng Jbhs. Ai hdnjbngmbi
jbnzfi, pnrjhgi y ifi, jnpngjbngjh jn ai \iaidri, ai jnabjij y ai dhgjij jn Jbhs.
;. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an icriji i Jbhs ns mhgtbgui. ]bnfprn nsté ng tbnfph prnsngtn. \ 9<0 ¸Muéa ns ug
Iacughs hdnjnmng phr ug tbnfph y aunch sn ipirtig jn Jbhs phr ai jnshdnjbngmbi. \nrh nonfpah jn hdnjbngmbi
mhgtbgui8
na qun pnrfignmn rfn y hdnjnmn i Jbhs `isti na g snré siavh (Ft 9<?44).
3. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun an icriji i Jbhs ns `ufbajn. Jnspuâs jn qun ]iÿa vngmbý i \ 9<2 ¸Ng quâ sn
ahs ifianmbtis, mhgstruyý ug fhgufngth piri sæ fbsfh (9 ] 9>?94). Yunræi itrbdubrsn jbknrngmbi ai hdnjbngmbi jna
cith qun pngsý vnr ug anýg
thjh na mrâjbth jn ai vbmthrbi qun Jbhs an jbh. Ng mhgtristn, Onsÿs jboh? ‑…muigjh `iyébs ng na nspnoh8
`nm`h thjh ah qun hs `i sbjh hrjngijh, jnmbj? ]bnrvhs bgÿtbans shfhs…‖ (Am 93?9<).
Ng htris piaidris, ia mhgtrirbh jn ]iÿa, jndnræifhs pnrfignmnr pnqunùhs igtn gunstrhs
hohs. Ai hdnjbngmbi gh ns mhfh na cith qun sn fbridi ng ug nspnoh y pngsidi qun vnæi
ug anýg. Ai hdnjbngmbi gh tbngn ug ‑fés iath mhgmnpth jn sæ qun na qun jndn tngnr‖
(Th 94?=).
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, pnrfbti qun ah bfprnsmbgjbdan jn ai hdnjbngmbi pngntrn prhkugjifngtn \ 99< ¸Mýfh shg
ng su mhrizýg. Nsti ah cuirjiré jna ngciùh. Fum`hs shg ngciùijhs? irfig qun ifig ngciùijhs iacughs aæjnrns

i Jbhs, pnrh gh an hdnjnmng. Oustbmig ahs pnmijhs qun mhfntng y pbngsig qun ai crimbi imnrmi jn ai rnaimbýg
ai hdnjbngmbi ngtrn
y ai crimbi8
rnnfpaizi i ai hdnjbngmbi. \nrh Onsÿs ijvbrtbý jna tnrrbdan rnsuatijh jna pnmijh. Gunstrh Nxpabqun.
]nùhr gh jboh qun ai jnshdnjbngmbi nstuvbnri dbng. ¡Âa jboh qun thji jnshdnjbngmbi nri
fiai! Na @boh jn Jbhs gh rndioý na gbvna jn ugi vbji ousti5 Âa ai nanvý. Gunstrh ]nùhr
ghs ngsnùi?
43
‑Hæstnbs qun kun jbm`h? Gh mhfntnrés ijuatnrbh. 40 \nrh yh hs jbch qun muiaqubnri
qun fbri i ugi fuonr piri mhjbmbirai, yi ijuatnrý mhg naai ng su mhrizýg. 42 \hr
tigth, sb tu hoh jnrnm`h tn ns hmisbýg jn minr, sémiah, y âm`iah jn tb5 puns fnohr
tn ns qun sn pbnrji ugh jn tus fbnfdrhs, y gh qun thjh tu munrph sni nm`ijh ia
bgnrgh. =< R sb tu figh jnrnm`i tn ns hmisbýg jn minr, mýrtiai, y âm`iai jn tb5
puns fnohr tn ns qun sn pbnrji
pbnrji ugh jn tus fbnfdr
fbnfdrhs,hs, y gh qun thjh tu munrph sni
>?43-=<).
nm`ijh ia bgnrgh‖ (Ft >?43-=<).

:; Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

\ 999 ¸Ngsnùý Onsÿs Onsÿs gh jboh? ‑]bcig pnmigjh y thjh nstiré dbng‖. Âa jboh? ‑gh pnquns fés, piri qun
qun Jbhs ghs dngjbmn sb gh tn vngci iacugi mhsi pnhr‖,
pnhr‖ , mhfh ai bri jn Jbhs (Og >?9:). Âa gh jboh? ‑[
‑[iyi
iyi y pnqun
mifbgifhs ng ais tbgbndais8 ug phmh fés‖.
fés‖. Âa jboh? ‑vntn, y gh pnquns fés‖ (Og 0?99). Jn fhjh qun, `uyifhs jn ai
Nxpabqun.
jnshdnjbngmbi, isæ mhfh `ubfhs jn ugi snrpbngtn vngnghsi. Onsÿs vbgh i abdrirghs jna
phjnr y jna mistbch jna pnmijh ng nsti vbji. Ahs qun sbcung i Mrbsth shg sbnrvhs jn ai
oustbmbi, gh jna pnmijh (Th ;?90).
;?90).
\ 994 ¸Mhgsnrviræi Onsÿs ngsnùý qun jhgjn nsté prnsngtn na ifhr icépn
icépn,, ai hdnjbngmbi tifdbâg ah nsté.
ustnj i ug pnrrh qun gh an R jhgjn ai hdnjbngmbi nsté iusngtn, na ifhr tifdbâg ah nsté.
hdnjnmbnri8 Nxpabqun.
Ai hdnjbngmbi sbcgbmi thjh piri Jbhs. Âa gh ans ji gbgcÿg viahr i piaidris vimæis
sbg nvbjngmbi. Âa nxifbgi gunstris piaidris phr na kruth jna érdha. Tnm`izi i ahs aæjnrns
nstârbans qun jbmng ifirah, pnrh qun sn gbncig i hdnjnmnran.
Jbhs rnm`izi i ahs aæjnrns qun sn gbncig i hdnjnmnran i Âa.
9
‑Jnspuâs ]ifuna jboh i ]iÿa? On`hvé fn ngvbý i qun tn ugcbnsn phr rny shdrn
su pundah puns, nsté itngth i ais piaidris jn On`hvé. 4 Isæ `i jbm`h
pundah Bsrina5 i`hri, puns,
\ 99= ¸Muéans shg On`hvé jn ahs noârmbths?
noârmbths? Rh
Rh mistbcirâ
mistbcirâ ah qun `bzh Ifianm i Bsrina ia hphgârsnan ng
iacugis jn ais mirimtnræstbmis na mifbgh muigjh sudæi jn Ncbpth. = [n, puns, y `bnrn i Ifianm, y jnstruyn thjh
jn ai hdnjbngmbi qun an ah qun tbngn, y gh tn ipbijns jn âa5 fiti i `hfdrns, fuonr
fuonrns,
ns, gbùhs, y iug ahs jn
kiatidig ia rny ]iÿa8
pnm`h, vimis, hvnois, mifnaahs
mifnaahs y isghs.
\ 99: ¸\hr quâ Jbhs :
]iÿa, puns, mhgvhmý ia pundah y ans pisý rnvbsti ng Znaibf, jhsmbngths fba jn i
rnm`izý ia rny ]iÿa pbn, y jbnz fba `hfdrns jn Oujé. > R vbgbngjh ]iÿa i ai mbujij jn Ifianm, push
mhfh aæjnr8
nfdhsmiji ng na viaan. ; R jboh ]iÿa i ahs mngnhs? Bjhs, ipirtihs y siabj jn ngtrn
ahs jn Ifianm, piri qun gh hs jnstruyi ougtifngtn mhg naahs5 phrqun vhshtrhs
fhstristnbs fbsnrbmhrjbi
fbsnrbmhrjbi i thjhs ahs `bohs jn Bsrina, muigjh sudæig jn Ncbpth. R
sn ipirtirhg
ipirtirhg ahs mngnhs jn ngtr
ngtrnn ahs `bohs jn Ifi
Ifianm.
anm.
3
R ]iÿa jnrrhtý i ahs ifianmbtis jnsjn @ivbai `isti aancir i ]`ur, qun nsté ia
hrbngtn jn Ncbpth. 0 R thfý vbvh i Icic rny jn Ifianm, pnrh i thjh na pundah
fitý i ah jn nspiji. 2 R ]iÿa y na pundah pnrjhgirhg i Icic, y i ah fnohr jn
ais hvnois y jna cigijh fiyhr, jn ahs igbfians ngchrjijhs, jn ahs mirgnrhs y jn
thjh ah dungh, y gh ah qubsbnrhg jnstrubr5 fis thjh ah qun nri vba y jnsprnmbidan
jnstruynrhg. 9< R vbgh piaidri jn On`hvé i ]ifuna, jbmbngjh? 99 Fn pnsi `idnr
punsth phr rny
rny i ]iÿa, phr
phrqun
qun sn `i vunath jn ng phs jn f
fæ,æ, y gh `i mufp
mufpabjh
abjh fbs
piaidris. R sn ipnsijufdrý
ipnsijufdrý ]ifuna, y maifý i On` On`hvé
hvé thji iqunaai gh ghm`n.
m`n.
94
Fijrucý aunch ]ifuna piri br i ngmhgtrir i ]iÿa phr ai fiùigi5 y kun jijh
ivbsh i ]ifuna, jbmbngjh? ]iÿa `i vngbjh i Mirfna, y `n iquæ sn anvigtý ug
fhgufngth, y jbh ai vunati, y pisý ijnaigtn
ijnaigtn y jnsmngjbý i Cbacia.
9= [bgh, puns, ]ifuna i ]iÿa, y ]iÿa an jboh? Dngjbth snis tÿ jn On`hvé5 yh `n

mufpabjh ai piaidri jn On`hvé.

9:
]ifuna ngthgmns jboh? ¸\uns quâ diabjh jn hvnois y drifbjh jn vimis ns nstn
qun yh hbch mhg fbs hæjhs8
9>
R ]iÿa rnsphgjbý? Jn Ifianm ahs `ig triæjh5 phrqun na pundah pnrjhgý ah fnohr
jn ais hvnois y jn ais vimis, piri simrbmirais i On`hvé tu Jbhs, pnrh ah jnfés
ah jnstrubfhs.
9;
Ngthgmns jboh ]ifuna i ]iÿa? Jâoifn jnmairirtn ah qun On`hvé fn `i jbm`h
nsti ghm`n. R âa an rnsphgjbý? Jb. 93 R jboh ]ifuna? Iugqun nris pnqunùh ng tus
prhpbhs hohs, ¸gh `is sbjh `nm`h onkn jn ais trbdus jn Bsrina, y On`hvé tn `i
ugcbjh phr rny shdrn Bsrina8 90 R On`hvé tn ngvbý ng fbsbýg y jboh? [
[n,
n, jnstruyn i
ahs pnmijhrns jn Ifianm, y `izans cunrri `isti qun ahs imidns. ¸\hr quâ, puns,
92

gh `is hæjh ai vhz jn On`hvé, sbgh qun

qun vunath ia dhtæg `is `nm`h ah fiah igtn ahs
hohs jn On`hvé8

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg :3

4<
R ]iÿa rnsphgjbý i ]ifuna? Igtns dbng `n hdnjnmbjh ai vhz jn On`hvé, y kub i ai
fbsbýg qun On`hvé fn ngvbý, y `n triæjh i Icic rny jn Ifianm, y `n jnstrubjh i
ahs ifianmbtis. 49 Fis na pundah thfý jna dhtæg hvnois y vimis, ais prbfbmbis jna
igitnfi, piri hkrnmnr simrbmbhs i On`hvé tu Jbhs ng Cbacia.
R ]ifuna jboh?
44

¸]n mhfpaimn On`hvé tigth ng ahs `hahmiusths y væmtbfis, mhfh ng qun sn

hdnjnzmi i ais piaidris jn On`hvé8 Mbnrtifngtn na hdnjnmnr ns fnohr qun ahs
simrbmbhs, y na prnstir itngmbýg qun ai crhsuri jn ahs mirgnrhs. 4= \hrqun mhfh
pnmijh jn ijbvbgimbýg ns ai rndnabýg, y mhfh æjhahs n bjhaitræi ai hdstbgimbýg.
\hr muigth tÿ
tÿ jnsnm`istn ai piaidri jn On`hvé,
On`hvé, âa tifdbâg tn
tn `i jnsnm`ijh piri
qun gh snis rny‖ (9 ] 9>?9-4=)
9>?9-4=)..
 Jbhs dngjbmn i ahs aæjnrns mhfh Jivbj qun dusmig icrijiran i Âa.
Muiabjij [nrsæmuahs jn ]iafhs nsmrbths phr Jivbj
‑\hr mbnrth, vigbjij shg ahs `bohs jn ahs `hfdrns, fngtbri ahs `bohs jn virýg5 pnségjhahs i thjhs bcuiafngtn ng ai
@ufbajn
diaigzi, snrég fnghs qun giji‖ (]ia ;4?2).
‑Zng fbsnrbmhrjbi jn fæ, h` On`hvé, phrqun nsthy ng igcustbi5 sn `ig mhgsufbjh jn trbstnzi fbs hohs, fb iafi
Jnvhth
tifdbâg y fb munrph‖ (]ia =9?2).
‑On`hvé ns fb auz y fb siavimbýg5 ¸jn qubâg tnfnrâ8 On`hvé ns ai khrtianzi jn fb vbji5 ¸jn qubâg `n jn
Mhgijh
itnfhrbzirfn8‖ (]ia 43?9).
Ifhrhsh ‑Zn ifh, h` On`hvé, khrtianzi fæi‖ (]ia 90?9).
Chzhsh ‑Zÿ jbstn iancræi i fb mhrizýg fiyhr qun ai jn naahs muigjh idugjidi su crigh y su fhsth‖ (]ia :?3).
Tnvnrngtn ‑Zn iaidirâ, h` On`hvé, mhg thjh fb mhrizýg5 mhgtirâ thjis tus firivbaais‖ (]ia 2?9).
‑Zn
Hdnjbngtn ‑Jifn ngtngjbfbngth, y cuirjirâ tu any, y ai mufpabrâ jn thjh mhrizýg‖ (]ia 992?=:).
Irrnpngtbjh ‑\hr ifhr jn tu ghfdrn, h` On`hvé, pnrjhgirés tifdbâg fb pnmijh, qun ns crigjn‖ (]ia 4>?99).
Kbcuri 9.4> Ai hdnjbngmbi ns ugi jn ais fum`is rizhgns phr ais qun ais Nsmrbturis sn rnnrng i Jivbj mhfh
‑ug virýg mhgkhrfn i su mhrizýg‖ (9 ] 9=?9:5 @m` 9=?44). ¸Ng muéans jn nstis érnis ustnj gnmnsbti fnohrir8
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, `ici ah qun Jbhs an jbci phrqu
phrqunn Âa ns su ]nùhr. Hdnjnzmi \ 99> ¸Muéans shg
iacugis jn ais rizhgns
chzhsifngtn,
hohs jn On`hvésbnfprn muigjhthji
mhgtnfpaig Âa anai`idai y hdnjâzmian
tbnrri, répbjifngtn.
piri fhstrir su phjnr iTnmunrjn ahs ‑ahs
kivhr jnqun qun phr ais muians ustnj qubnrn
hdnjnmnran i Jbhs mhg thjh
tbngng mhrizýg pnrknmth piri mhg âa‖ (4 Mr 9;?2). Jbhs ans ji na Nspærbtu ]igth i ahs qun su mhrizýg8
an hdnjnmng (@m` >?=4). Nstidanzmi ug dung nonfpah jn hdnjbngmbi piri qun ah sbcig
iqunaahs i ahs qun ustnj abjnri. Fbngtris qun ustnj sni hdnjbngtn, Jbhs ah khrtianmnré y
ah ugcbré, jn fignri qun ustnj mhgjuzmi i fum`hs phr na mifbgh jn ai oustbmbi. R ia gia
jn sus jæis ustnj nsmum`iré nstis firivbaahsis piaidris?
‑Dbng, dung sbnrvh y na5 shdrn phmh `is sbjh na, shdrn fum`h tn phgjrâ5 ngtri
ng na chzh jn tu snùhr‖ (Ft 4>?4=).
4>?4=).
‑Ahs ngtngjbjhs rnspaigjnmnrég mhfh na rnspaigjhr jna rfifngth5 y ahs qun
ngsnùig ai oustbmbi i ai fuatbtuj, mhfh ais nstrnaais i pnrpntui ntnrgbjij‖
94?=)..
(Jg 94?=)

:0 Mipætuah 9 Abjnrizch 9

Iuthnviauimbýg? Jbduon ug mærmuah iarnjnjhr jn ai antri qun mhfpantn fnohr miji prncugti
h jnmairimbýg?
9. Ai `bsthrbi rnvnai qun ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns shg ;. Na prbfnr ngnfbch jna ifhr qun ngkrngti na aæjnr ns?
i) pbijhshs. i) na pnrjbjh.
d) bfphpuairns. d) na fugjh.
m) gnutrians. m) ahs siavhs.
j) mhrrupths. j) su pprhpbh
rhpbh mhrizýg.
4. ¸Muégths rnyns pbijhshs `udh ng ahs 4>< iùhs jna 3. Nstujbifhs qun gunstri gnmnsbjij jn ifhr ns mhfh
rnbgh jna ghrtn jn Bsrina8 i) ug ræh.
i) < d) ugi fhgtiùi.
d) > m) ug érdha.
m) 9< j) ugi vbj.
j) 4< 0. ¸Yuâ baustrimbýg usi \idah piri jnfhstrir qun ahs
=. ^gi jn ais trns érnis ng qun cuæi ug aæjnr pbijhsh ns jhgns nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr shg bgÿtbans8
i) ng na iyugh. i) @idair ng angcuis
d) ng ahs cisths. d) ]igir ia ngknrfh
m) ng na mrnmbfbngth. m) Nm`ir kunri jnfhgbhs
j) ng jir. j) Mifbgir shd
shdrn
rn ais icuis
:. Ghshtrhs mhfpirifhs i ug aæjnr
aæjnr pbijhsh mhg 2. Na mifbgh jn ai kn qun hdnjnmn
i) cubir ug dirmh. i) mhfngzý mhg na gunvh pimth.
d) `iair ugi munrji. d) kbgiabzý mhg na igtbcuh pimth.
m) nfpuoir ugi mirrnti. m) sn nxtbngjn i ah air
airch
ch jn ifd
ifdhshs pimths.
j) mruzir ugi miaan. j) kun rnnfpaizijh phr ai crimbi.
>. Ai fignri fés phjnrhsi jn abjnrizch ns? 9<. Ai hdnjbngmbi qun na ifhr prhjumn ns
i) fhjnair na ifhr jn Jbhs. i) hmisbhgia.
d) mhg prnjbmimbhgns dædabmis ugcbjis. d) miutnahsi.
m) mhg kn
j) mhg ug
ugiingvbji jn hrimbýg
immbýg.hrimbýg.. m)
j) ikabcbji.
viabngtn.

Na aaifijh jna aæjnr y su mhrizýg :2

Znfis piri na ngsiyh? Nsmrbdi jn >< i 9<< piaidris shdrn miji ugh jn nsths hdontbvhs
nstujbijhs (; pugths phr miji ugh). Zritn jn mhfpantir su nsmrbth ng jhs `hris.
• Tnsufbr ah qun ai `bsthrbi rnvnai imnrmi jn ai fiyhræi jn ahs aæjnrns n baustrirah.
• Nxpabmir trns érnis ng ais muians ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs cuæig n baustrirais.
• Mhgtristir ais khrfis ng ais qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians cuæig mhg ais jn ahs qun gh cuæig.
• Nxpabmir na rha y ai kungtn jn ifhr jna mhrizýg jna aæjnr.
• Mhgtristir ah qun na fugjh aaifi ifhr mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs.
• Bjngtbmir mbgmh ngnfbchs qun na aæjnr tbngn qun vngmnr mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs.
• Mhgtristir ais rnspunstis giturians jna ifhr mhg ais shdrngiturians.
• Nxpabmir iacugis khrfis ng qun ahs mhrbgtbhs mirnmæig jn ifhr.
• Tnsufbr ais mbgmh baustrimbhgns qun \idah nfpani piri jnfhstrir qun ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians sbg ifhr shg bgÿtbans.
• Mhgtristir ai jnshdnjbngmbi jn ahs pnmijhrns mhg ai hdnjbngmbi jn ahs `bohs jn Jbhs.
• Jbduoir jhs mifbghs qun itrivbnsig na igtbcuh pimth y na gunvh. Nxpabmir miji mifbgh n baustrirah.
• Nxpabmir sbntn mirimtnræstbmis jn ai hdnjbngmbi qun na ifhr y ai kn prhjumng n baustrirais.
Mipætuah 4?

Na mirémtnr
\irtn 9 jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg.
(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3)
Ifhr (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=)
thjh ah sukrn, thjh ah mrnn,
thjh ah nspnri, thjh ah shphrti‖ ns sukrbjh‖ (pimbngtn)
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
ns dngbcgh‖
gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi,
fis sn chzi jn ai vnrjij‖
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

gh cuirji rngmhr‖ ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr... gh tbngn ngvbjbi‖

‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

gh sn brrbti‖ gh ns oimtigmbhsh,
gh sn ngvignmn‖

‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

gh dusmi ah suyh‖ gh sn mhfphrti
mhg rujnzi‖
Kbcuri 4.9 \idah fngmbhgi
fngmbhgi jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr (9 Mh 9=?:-3).
\9 ¸Muéans shg iacugis jn ais rizhgns phr ais qun ustnj mrnn qun Ouig Firmhs pujh `idnrsn rncrnsijh jn su
 prbfnr vbion fbsbhgnrh8
fbsbhgnrh8

\4 ¸Mýfh ai pimbngmbi jn Dnrgidâ igbfý y cubý i Ouig Firmhs8

\= ¸Yuâ aæjnr `i sbjh pimbngtn mhg ustnj8 Baustrn.

Dnrgidâ kun pimbngtn mhg Ouig Firmhs. Tnmunrjn qun nstn vbioý mhg Dnrgidâ y \idah ng su prbfnr
vbion fbsbhgnrh. \nrh ng na mifbgh, ahs idigjhgý piri rncrnsir i Onrusiaâg (@m` 9=?9=). \hstnrbhrfngtn,
\idah qunræi qun Dnrgidâ ah imhfpiùiri ng ug sncugjh vbion fbsbhgnrh. Dnrgidâ qubsh aanvir i Ouig
Firmhs mhg naahs y jiran htri hphrtugbjij. \nrh \idah gh mhgsbjnridi iprhpbijh aanvirah yi ‑qun sn `idæi
ipirtijh jn naahs jnsjn \igabi, y gh `idæi bjh mhg naahs i ai hdri‖ (@m` 9>?=;-=0). Na jnsimunrjh ngtrn
\idah y Dnrgidâ sn `bzh tig crigjn qun sn snpirirhg. \idah sn aanvý i ]bais y rniabzý su sncugjh vbion fbsbhgnrh.
Fbngtris tigth, Dnrgidâ sn nfdirmý mhg Ouig Firmhs piri fbgbstrir ng M`bprn. Gh sidnfhs phr quâ Ouig
Firmhs sn jnvhavbý ng \igabi. Nri fnghr qun \idah y Dnrgidâ. R ug vbion fbgbstnrbia mhg \idah nstidi aangh jn
simrbmbhs, ijvnrsbjijns, pnrsnmumbhgns y sukrbfbngths. \hmhs `hfdrns tngæig ai fijurnz y ai khrtianzi nspbrbtuia
piri vbioir
vbioir mhg \idah. ¸Ais mbmbrmugst
rmugstigmbis
igmbis ku
kunrhg
nrhg jnfis
jnfisbijh
bijh rbc
rbcurhsis
urhsis pipiri
ri na ohvng Ouig Fir
Firmhs8
mhs8 ¸Nm`i
¸Nm`idi
di jn
fnghs ais mhfhjbjijns y ai mhfbji jn misi8 ¸@idæi jnfisbiji hrimbýg y iyugh8 ¸Kunrhg ahs aijrhgns, ahs
jnfhgbhs y ahs oujæhs `hstbans ug jnsioustn piri su fijurnz nspbrbtuia8 Gh nstifhs sncurhs jn muéa jn nstis mhsis
pujh `idnr
`idnr bgubj
bgubjhh ng su jnmbsb
jnmbsbýg
ýg jn rngugm
rngugmbir
bir.. \nrh Dnrgidâ ku
kunn pimbngt
pimbngtnn mhg âa. Âa vbh ng Ouig Fir
Firmhs
mhs i ug
`hfdrn qun sn khrtianmnræi mhg ahs iùhs. Dnrgidâ, muyh ghfdrn sbcgbmi `boh jn mhgshaimbýg,
mhgshaimbýg, kun pimbngtn. Ah
bgvbtý i vhavnr i bgtngtirah, qubzés ng ug vbion fbsbhgnrh fnghs jnfigjigtn. Zia Zia vnz mifbgiræig ug phmh fés
angth, iyugiræig fnghs y sn ngkrngtiræig i fnghs ngnfbchs. Mhg na tbnfph, ai pimbngmbi jn Dnrgidâ iyujý i
cubir y i khrfir i Ouig Firmhs ng ug aæjnr kunrtn. Ai pimbngmbi punjn simir ah fnohr jn thjhs ghshtrhs. \iri snr
pbijhsh (mhfh Jbhs)
Jbhs) y piri snr mrbstbigh (mhfh Mrbsth), jndnfhs snr snr pimbngtns mhg ahs jjnfés.
nfés. Ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs
9=?:-3 (G[B), \idah fngmbhgi jbnz mirimtnræstbmis qun mhfbngzig mhg? ‑Na ifhr ns pimbngtn‖.
><

Anmmbhgns
Na ifhr ns pimbngtn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?: G[B).
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais jhs fignris ng qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn. Mhgtristir ai pimbngmbi mhg
; ai bfpimbngmbi.
Hdontbvh D? Nviauir y primtbmir ahs kruths jna ifhr ng su vbji.
Na ifhr ns dngbcgh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).
3 Hdontbvh? Baustrir ai dngbcgbjij y ai rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi y ng ahs qun ustnj mhghmn.
Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).
0 Hdontbvh I? Jngbr ai ngvbjbi y prhphrmbhgir ia fnghs mbgmh nonfpahs dædabmhs jn nstn pnmijh.
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir trns maivns piri vngmnr na vngngh jn ai ngvbjbi.
Na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh5 ns `ufbajn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).
Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir na ifhr mhg muitrh ivns, mhg na rny ]iÿa, mhg Jbýtrnkns y mhg ]itigés.
2 Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ais trns maivns piri qun na mhgmnpth jn sæ fbsfh sn mirimtnrbmn phr ai `ufbajij.
Hdontbvh M? Nxpabmir mýfh Onsÿs ns gunstrh crig nonfpah jn abjnrir mhg `ufbajij.
Na ifhr gh `imn giji bgjndbjh, (gh sn mhfphrti mhg rujnzi) gh dusmi ah
suyh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir iacughs nonfpahs jn rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi y ng ai vbji.
9< Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ais khrfis jn snr mhrtnsns ng su muaturi y ais fignris jn nvbtir ai rujnzi.

Anmmbýg Na ifhr ns pimbngtn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?: G[B).

Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais jhs fignris ng qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn. Mhgtristir ai pimbngmbi mhg
; ai bfpimbngmbi.
Hdontbvh D? Nviauir y primtbmir ahs kruths jna ifhr ng su vbji.

Mhgtnxth. \rbfnri Mhrbgtbhs 9= ns ug mipætuah kifhsh phr ai fignri ng qun jngn y \: ¸Mýfh phjnfhs
jnsmrbdn na ifhr. Mhfh ug irmhærbs tbngn fum`hs mhahrns, na ifhr tbngn gufnrhsis mhfpirir na ifhr mhg
ug irmhærbs8
mirimtnræstbmis `nrfhsis. Nxifbgnfhs ais jbnz muiabjijns jna ifhr dædabmh ng na mipætuah
jna ifhr.
Na ifhr dædabmh gh ns shah ug sngtbfbngth gb ug mhgmnpth5 ns ai kn ng immbýg, ugi \> ¸Mýfh ans jnfhstrý
maisn jn mhfphrtifbngth qun phjnfhs vnr y nxpnrbfngtir. [nfhs na ifhr jna \ijrn Onsÿs su ifhr i ahs qun vbgh
i abjnrir8
ng Onsÿs `imbâgjhsn `ufigh piri rnvnairghs na mhrizýg jn Jbhs. [nfhs na ifhr jn
Jbhs muigjh Onsÿs sudæi i ahs gbùhs ng su rncizh y muigjh simidi tbnfph piri mhfnr
mhg ahs pnmijhrns. [nfhs na ifhr jn Jbhs muigjh Onsÿs ans ngsnùidi i ais fuatbtujns
y ais iabfngtidi y sn imnrmidi i pnrshgis jn htris muaturis. [nfhs na ifhr jn Jbhs
`imbi ai vnrjij muigjh Onsÿs sn ngkrngtidi i ais ngsnùigzis qun gh nrig mhrrnmtis.
[nfhs na ifhr jn Jbhs rnvnaijh mhfh pimbngmbi muigjh Onsÿs pnrsnvnridi i pnsir
jn ai thrpnzi, ai mirgiabjij y ai nstrnm`nz jn pngsifbngth
jn sus jbsmæpuahs. [nfhs na ifhr jn Jbhs muigjh Onsÿs Kbcuri 4.4
figbknstidi su mhfpisbýg ia sigir i ahs anprhshs, i ahs Ais muiabjijns
jna ifhr shg
shrjhs, i ahs mbnchs y i ahs qun pijnmæig jn jbvnrsis tig `nrfhsis
ngknrfnjijns. [nfhs na ifhr jn Jbhs ng Onsÿs ia gncirsn mhfh ahs mhahrns
i aaifir i ahs égcnans piri qun ah rnsmitirig fbngtris jna irmhærbs.
Âa pijnmæi ng ai mruz piri rnjbfbrghs (Og =?9;). [nfhs na
ifhr jn Jbhs ng su pimbngmbi mhg ghshtrhs, ifégjhghs
iug ia gh iamigzir ai fnti, ia anvigtirghs y idrizirghs
muigjh nstifhs jâdbans y jnsigbfijhs. [nrjijnrifngtn,
`nfhs vbsth y nxpnrbfngtijh na ifhr jn Jbhs jn fum`is
fignris. R Jbhs aaifi i sus aæjnrns y i sus sncubjhrns i
bfbtir su ifhr.
>9

>4 Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

\; ¸Muéa ns ai prbgmbpia ^gi jn ais fnohrns fignris jn mrnmnr ng ifhr ns nstujbir ais jbnz muiabjijns jna
prbhrbjij jn ug aæjnr8 ifhr ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=. Nstn mipætuah ghs cuæi i ifir mhfh Onsÿs ifi. Ais imtbtujns
¸\hr quâ8 y ais immbhgns qun ais pnrshgis vng ng ahs aæjnrns jndng baustrir na ifhr jn Jbhs. ^g
mhrizýg aangh jna ifhr jn Jbhs ns ai prbhrbjij gÿfnrh ugh jna aæjnr. ]bg ug mhrizýg jn
ifhr, ais `idbabjijns shg mhfh m`irmhs jn ahjh phmh prhkugjhs, ng aucir jn ahs ræhs jn
icui vbvi qun Jbhs prhfntbý qun ubræig i trivâs jn ghshtrhs (Og 3?=0). Ng nstn mipætuah
nstujbirnfhs mýfh jndn snr na ifhr ng na `hcir, ng ai mhgcrncimbýg, ng na tridioh y ng
ai mhfugbjij. \rbfnri Mhrbgtbhs 9= ns ug nspnoh qun jndnfhs fbrir virbis vnmns ia jæi.
Ia vnr krnmungtnfngtn nstn mipætuah, y hrir piri qun nstn sni gunstrh rnnoh, na Nspærbtu
]igth ghs iyujiré i mhgvnrtbrghs ng nshs aæjnrns ifhrhshs qun Jbhs jnsni.
\3 ¸\hr quâ iacughs sn Na Nspærbtu ]igth bgspbrý i \idah i nsmrbdbr 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=, puns na ifhr ns ai ÿgbmi
rnnrng i ahs mhrbgtbhs mhfh fignri ng qun ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians tbngng viahr y sbcgbmijh. R mifbgir ng ai sngji
mirbsfétbmhs sbg ifhr8
jna ifhr ns ai ÿgbmi fignri jn jntngnr ai ngvbjbi, ahs mnahs, na hrcuaah y ai vigicahrbi.
Na ifhr ghs pnrfbtn rnnoir ai bficng jn Mrbsth, jn fignri qun na fugjh punji vnr
mýfh ns Onsÿs. 9
\0 ¸Mýfh na ifhr ghs Na ifhr ns ug figjifbngth jn Jbhs. R R,, mhfh mhg thjhs ahs figjifbngths, ns gunstri
mipimbti piri abjnrir8 jnmbsbýg hdnjnmnrah h gh. Jndnfhs hptir phr ifir (Ft 44?=3). ]b jnmbjbfhs abjnrir
ia pundah jn Jbhs sbcgbmi qun nsmhcnfhs ifir. Gh phjnfhs snr aæjnrns jn Jbhs sbg
ifhr. Na ifhr khrtianmn ais rnaimbhgns, jnrrbdi ais dirrnris ngtrn ais pnrshgis y mhgstruyn
pungtns piri mhfugbmirsn mhg htrhs (Mha =?99). Na ifhr ugn (Mha =?9:). Na ifhr ns ai
bgungmbi fés phjnrhsi jn ug aæjnr. Tnpisnfhs i fngujh ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna
ifhr, jn fignri qun rnmhrjnfhs phgnrais ng prémtbmi.
I. Na ifhr ns pimbngtn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?: G[B).
Mhgsbjnrnfhs ais jhs fignris ng qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn.
\2 ¸Mýfh ns qun
9. Na ifhr ns pimbngtn mhg Jbhs (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:). ¸Gh ns firivbaahsh tngnr
pnrfignmnr miafijh y ifbchs qun gh sn qunoig muigjh ais mhsis vig fia8 ¸Iprnmbi ustnj i ais pnrshgis qun
pimbngtn iyuji i ahs
ahs aæjnrns pnrfignmng miafijis muigjhmuigjh htrhs jbsmrnp
jbsmrnpig8
ig8 ¸Ijfbri i iquna
iqunaahs
ahs qun punjng fignoir
i shdrnsiabr8 na nstrâs mhg crimbi muigjh ai vbji sn vunavn krngâtbmi8 Ais pnrshgis sn sbngtng itriæjis
phr ahs aæjnrns qun funstrig pimbngmbi muigjh ai vbji ns juri y jnfigjigtn, miýtbmi y
mruna. Ng ais thrfngtis jn ai vbji, ahs qun shg pimbngtns y snrnghs surcng mhfh aæjnrns.
\ 9< ¸Jýgjn jndnræi Ai prbfnri pnrshgi mhg ai qun jndnfhs snr pimbngtns ns mhg Jbhs. ¸]nræi ousth
mhfngzir na ngkhqun jn qun kuârifhs pimbngtns mhg ais pnrshgis jn ai tbnrri y gh mhg gunstrh Mrnijhr8 ¡Gh!
gunstri pimbngmbi8 ¡]nræi ugi gnmnjij! Ai pimbngmbi nfpbnzi mhg gunstri imtbtuj `imbi Jbhs. Ai vbji gh kun
ousti mhg \idah. Iugqun nri bghmngtn, ahs oujæhs bbgmrâjuahs
gmrâjuahs ah imusirhg y ahs rhfighs ah
\ 99 ¸Mýfh bguynrhg ngmijngirhg. ]n ngmhgtridi ng ug nghrfn dirmh jn fijnri, vbioigjh piri snr ouzcijh ng
jhs snfigis jn ugi
thrfngti fhrtia ng ai imtbtuj
Thfi, muigjh aancý ugi kunrtn thrfngti. Ahs mbnahs sn hsmurnmbnrhg y hmuatirhg na sha y
jn \idah `imbi Jbhs8 ais nstrnaais jæi tris jæi. Ais hais rucæig mhfh ugi knrhz dnstbi, ug fhgstruh qun aigzidi
 na dirmh mhfh ug cith phjræi oucir mhg ug ritýg igtns jn mhfârsnah. Aumis rncbstri
ai kurbi, ai jnstrummbýg y ai jnsnspnrigzi qun aancirhg i ai fiyhræi jn ahs jhsmbngths
sntngti y snbs pisionrhs, fbngtris ai thrfngti izhtidi na fir phr jhs snfigis.
9= ‑R shpaigjh ugi drbsi jna sur, pirnmbâgjhans qun yi tngæig ah qun jnsnidig,

anvirhg igmais n bdig mhstnigjh Mrnti. 9: \nrh gh fum`h jnspuâs jbh mhgtri ai
givn ug vbngth `urimigijh aaifijh Nurhmabjýg. 9> R sbngjh irrnditiji ai givn, y
gh pujbngjh phgnr
phgn r prhi ia vbngth, ghs idigjhg
idigjhgifhs
ifhs i âa y ghs jnoifhs aanvir
aan vir.. 9; R
`idbngjh mhrrbjh i shtivngth jn ugi pnqunùi bsai aaifiji Maiuji, mhg jbmuatij
pujbfhs rnmhcnr
rnmhcnr na nsqubkn. 93 R ugi vnz sudbjh i dhrjh, usirhg jn rnkunrzhs piri
mnùbr ai givn590y\nrh
i ai jnrbvi. tngbngjh tnfhr jn jir ng ai ]brtn, irrbirhg ais vnais y qunjirhg
sbngjh mhfditbjhs phr ugi kurbhsi tnfpnstij, ia sbcubngtn
jæi nfpnzirhg i iaboir, 92 y ia tnrmnr jæi mhg gunstris prhpbis fighs irrhoif
irrhoifhs
hs
ahs ipirnohs jn ai givn. R gh ipirnmbngjh gb sha gb nstrnaais phr fum`hs jæis,
4<

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 >=

y imhsijhs phr ugi

ugi tnfpnstij gh ppnqunùi,
nqunùi, yi `idæifh
`idæifhss pnrjbj
pnrjbjhh thji nspnrigzi
jn siavirghs. Ngthgmns \idah, mhfh `imæi
49
`imæi yi fum`h qun gh mhfæifhs,
mhfæifhs, punsth
ng pbn ng fnjbh jn naahs, jboh? @idræi sbjh phr mbnrth mhgvngbngtn, h` virhgns,
`idnrfn hæjh, y gh zirpir jn Mrnti tig sýah piri rnmbdbr nstn pnroubmbh y pârjbji
pârjbji..
44
\nrh i`hri hs nx`hrth i tngnr dung égbfh, puns gh `idré gbgcugi pârjbji jn
vbji ngtrn vhshtrhs, sbgh shaifngtn jn ai givn. 4= \hrqu
\hrqunn nsti ghm`n `i nstijh
mhgfbch na égcna jna Jbhs jn qubng shy y i qubng sbrvh, 4: jbmbngjh? \idah, gh
tnfis5 ns gnmnsirbh qun mhfpirnzmis igtn Mâsir5 y `n iquæ, Jbhs tn `i mhgmnjbjh
thjhs ahs qun givncig mhgtbch. 4> \hr tigth, h` virhgns, tngnj dung égbfh5 phrqun
yh mhgkæh ng Jbhs qun snré
snré isæ mhfh sn fn `i jbm`h‖ (@m` 43?9=-4>).
43?9=-4>).
\idah kun pimbngtn mhg Jbhs. Âa gh tuvh ug irrndith jn kurbi phr nstir ngmijngijh. \ 94 ¸Iacÿg pnrbhjh
Gh jnoý jn
jn ifir y mhg
mhgir
ir ng Jbhs jurigtn ai tthrfngti.
hrfngti. Jnoý jjnn mhfnr phr jhs snfigis, jbkæmba jn su vbji `i punsth i
prundi su kn y pimbngmbi
pimbngmbi ng
pnrh gh jnoý jn mrnnr. Ais igmais
igmais jna dirmh gh phjæig nstidbabzirah
nstidbabzirahs.
s. \nrh ai kn jn \idah Jbhs8 Nxpabqun.
nstidi igmaiji ng Jbhs, phr ah muia sn figtuvh bgiatnridan, miafijh y pimbngtn jurigtn
ai thrfngti. \idah sidæi qubâg nri Jbhs y sidæi qun âa an pnrtngnmæi i Jbhs. Gbgcÿg
`urimég pujh irrisir mhg ai kn y na ifhr jn \idah phr Jbhs.
Mhfh Jivbj, \idah irfý?
9
‑Jbhs ns gunstrh ifpirh y khrtianzi, gunstrh prhgth iuxbabh ng ais trbduaimbhgns.
4
\hr tigth, gh tnfnrnfhs,
tnfnrnfhs, iugqun ai tbnrri sni rnfhvbji,
rnfhvbji, R sn trispisng ahs
fhgtns ia mhrizýg jna fir5 = iugqun drifng y sn turdng sus icuis, R tbnfdang
ahs fhgtns i miusi jn su drivnzi. ]nai`‖ (]ia :;?9-=).
:;?9-=).
\idah sidæi qun, muigjh ais fhgtiùis jnoirig jn nstrnfnmnrsn y na fir sn rnmupnriri \ 9= ¸Yuâ mipimbtý
jn su bri, Jbhs nstiræi sngtijh snrngifngtn ng su trhgh, mhfh ah nstuvh igtns y jurigtn i \idah piri qun kunri
pimbngtn mhg Jbhs8
ai thrfngti. Giji ng idshauth phjræi `imnr qun \idah kunri bfpimbngtn mhg Jbhs. \hrqun
âa sidæi qun Jbhs nri thtiafngtn ifhrhsh, mhfpantifngtn na i sus `bohs, bgfutidan y
9<< phr mbngth mhgidan ais vnbgtbmuitrh `hris jna jæi, ahs sbntn jæis jn ai snfigi, ahs
trnsmbngths snsngti y mbgmh jæis jna iùh. ¡\ugth!
Na ifhr ns pimbngtn mhmhgg Jbhs
Jbhs.. Nsti ns ugi anmmbýg qun thjh aæjnr jndn iprngjnr. \iri
abjnrir i htrhs ng gunstrh mifbgh jn kn, prbfnrh jndnfhs iprngjnr i mhgir ng Jbhs ng
thjis ais sbtuimbhgns ng thjh fhfngth.
]ncurifngtn, `i hæjh jn ai pimbngmbi jn Ohd (]tc >?99). Mhgsbjnrn ai pimbngmbi tig
shrprngjngtn qun Jbhs an jbh i Ohd. Nsth hmurrbý fum`h igtns jna gunvh pimth. \irnmn
qun Ohd gb sbqubnri mhfprngjæi ai cunrri nspbrbtuia. Âa pngsidi qun Jbhs nri ai kungtn jn \ 9: ¸Mýfh sn sbgtbý
thjh su sukrbfbngth. Gh `idæi jbidah ng ai tnhahcæi jn Ohd. Iug isæ, Ohd kun pimbngtn mhg Ohd ng ai crig thrfngti jn
Jbhs. Âa pnrjbý na iphyh jn su nsphsi, sus `bohs, su rnputimbýg, sus ifbchs, su khrtugi su vbji8
y su siauj. \nrh gh pnrjbý su pimbngmbi mhg Jbhs. Ohd kun ousth jn prbgmbpbh i g. ]bg \ 9> ¸Muég prhkugjhs
nfdirch, sbgtbý qun nri na daigmh jn ahs jirjhs jna ]nùhr. Ohd gh mhfprngjæi. \nrh nrig ai pimbngmbi jn Ohd mhg
gh jnoý jn ifir i Jbhs gb jn mhgir ng Âa. Tnmunrjn ais trigqubais piaidris qun nstn Jbhs y su ifhr `imbi Âa8
`hfdrn qundrigtijh, sngtijh shdrn ai tbnrri, mhg khrÿgmuahs qun an mudræig na munrph? Nxpabqun.

9=?9>).
9> ‑@n iquæ, iugqun âa fn fitirn, ng âa nspnrirâ…‖ (Ohd 9=?9>).

4>
‑Rh sâ qun fb Tnjngthr vbvn, y ia g sn anvigtiré shdrn na phavh5 4; y jnspuâs
jn jns`nm`i nsti fb pbna, ng fb mirgn `n jn vnr i Jbhs5 43 ia muia vnrâ phr fæ
fbsfh, y fbs hohs ah vnrég, y gh htrh, iugqun fb mhrizýg jnskiaanmn jngtrh
jngtrh jn fæ
 92?4>-43).
(Ohd 92?4>-43).
9<
‑Fis âa mhghmn fb mifbgh5 Fn prhdiré
prhdiré,, y siajrâ mhfh hrh‖ (Ohd 4=?9<).
4=?9<).
4. Ijnfés jn snr pimbngtn mhg Jbhs, na ifhr ns pimbngtn mhg ahs pnmijhrns y \ 9; ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh na
mhg ahs sigths (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:). Ai piaidri pimbngtn ns ugi khrfi jn ai piaidri ifhr ns mhfh ugi nsphgoi
ng vnz jn ug nspnoh8
crbnci fierht`ufbi
fierht`ufbi.. ]bcgbmi snr thanrigtn, bgkitbcidan y fuy sukrbjh mhg ais pnrshgis.
Ai jâmbfi mirimtnræstbmi jna ifhr ns ai pnrsnvnrigmbi ng muigth i ais mbrmugstigmbis.
\nrh ai pimbngmbi ns `imbi ais pnrshgis.

>: Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

Na ifhr ns pimbngtn. Nsti muiabjij jnsmrbdn ai khrfi ng qun na ifhr ans rnsphgjn i
ahs jnfés. Na ifhr gh ns mhfh ug nspnoh, ugi supnrmbn juri qun jnvunavn na rnnoh.
Gh jnvunavn fia phr fia gb bgsuath phr bgsuath. Fés dbng, na ifh
ifhrr ns mhfh ugi nsphgoi
suivn? idshrdn bgsuaths, piaidris éspnris y hkngsis. Na ifhr ns pimbngtn mhg ais pnrshgis.
Ng vnz jn jnvhavnr na chapn, phgn ai htri fnobaai.
Iacugis khrfis jn nxpahsbvhs tbngng i fngujh ugi fnm`i jnthgijhri.
Yubzés ustnj `iyi vbsth ug pntirjh qun tbngn ugi fnm`i mhrti, h ns phsbdan qun
`iyi vbsth ug mirtum`h jn jbgifbti mhg ugi
fnm`i fés airci. Ais pnrshgis ngmbngjng ai
fnm`i mhg ug kýskhrh. Nsti ans ji tbnfph jn
Kbcuri 4.= Na ifhr tbngn ugi fnm`i mhrrnr igtns jn qun hmurri ai nxpahsbýg. \idah
airci y `ÿfnji, gh mhrti gb snmi. Zbngn ug ngsnùi qun na ifhr tbngn ugi fnm`i airci. Ng
tnfpnrifngth thanrigtn y gh bgtrigsbcngtn.
mhgtristn, jnmbfhs qun ugi pnrshgi sbg ifhr
\ 93 ¸@i mhghmbjh tbngn ugi fnm`i mhrti y punjn nghoirsn y snr prhvhmijh répbjifngtn. I jbknrngmbi jn
ustnj i ug aæjnr jn fia ug jbémhgh pbijhsh, ugi pnrshgi mhg fnm`i mhrti mirnmn jn jhfbgbh prhpbh. Âa punjn
cngbh8 ¸Yuâ hmurrbý8 snr vbhangth, bgmanfngtn y pngjngmbnrh (9 Zb =?4-=).
Ai Dbdabi prhphrmbhgi fum`hs nonfpahs jna prhdanfi jn ai bfpimbngmbi. I ]igtbich
y i Ouig ans kiatidi ifhr. Nrig bfpimbngtns y jnsnirhg qun jnsmngjbnri kunch jna mbnah
shdrn ahs sifirbtighs qun rnm`izirhg i Onsÿs. \nrh na Finstrh rnprngjbý i ]igtbich y i
\ 90 Jâ trns nonfpahs Ouig y ahs aaifý ‑@bohs jna trungh‖ (Fr =?935 Am 2?>:->>). Igtnrbhrfngtn, fngmbhgifhs
dædabmhs jn pnrshgis qun qun Diaiif tngæi na jhg nspbrbtuia jn ai prhknmæi, pnrh an kiatidi ifhr. Jna fbsfh fhjh,
mirnmbnrhg jn pimbngmbi. an kiatidi pimbngmbi, yi qun chapný i su isgh mhg ug piah muigjh nstn an siavý ai vbji jn
ai bri jna égcna (Gf 44?49-=:). R na sbnrvh jnspbijijh tifdbâg kun ug sbnrvh bfpimbngtn.
Na ifh an pnrjhgý su jnuji. Ngthgmns su mhgsbnrvh an rhcý? ‑… Zng pimbngmbi mhgfbch,
y yh tn ah picirâ thjh. Fis âa gh qubsh…‖ (Ft 90?42-=<). Ai kiati jn pimbngmbi rnvnai
kiati jn ifhr.
Ai Dbdabi ngufnri fum`hs nonfpahs jn pimbngmbi. Ng prbfnr aucir nsté Jbhs. Âa kun
pimbngtn mhg ahs bsrinabtis, iùh tris iùh, fbngtris ijhridig æjhahs y rnm`izidig i ahs
\ 92 ¸Muéans shg sus
nonfpahs kivhrbths jn ai
prhkntis, qun nrig ahs fngsionrhs jn Jbhs. Iug `hy`hy,, Jbhs mhgtbgÿi sbngjh pimbngtn. Na
pimbngmbi jn Jbhs8 rntrisi su bri y su oubmbh ‑gh qunrbngjh qun gbgcugh pnrnzmi‖ (4 \ =?2).
Mhfh su \ijrn, Onsÿs ns pimbngtn. Tnmunrjn ais fum`is hphrtugbjijns ng qun Onsÿs
\ 4< ¸Ns ustnj
mhfh Onsÿs, pimbngtn mhg
kun pimbngtn mhg sus jbsmæpuahs, qun nrig ughs iprngjbmns angths mhfh ghshtrhs (Ft 9;?25
sus ngnfbchs8 93?93). ]hdrn ai mruz Âa kun pimbngtn mhg sus isnsbghs. Âa hrý? ‑\ijrn, pnrjýgiahs,
phrqun gh
gh sidng ah qun `imng‖ (Am 4=?=:).
Ia bcuia qun su ]iavijhr, Nstndig kun pimbngtn. Iug fbngtris pijnmæi, Nstndig gh
jnoý jn ifir i ahs qun ah ipnjrnidig. Fés dbng, kun pimbngtn `isti na gia mhg sus
ngnfbchs. Mhg su ÿatbfh iabngth, hrý piri qun Jbhs pnrjhgiri i sus isnsbghs (@m` 3?;<).
^g itnh jbh ug jbsmursh piri prhdir qun gh `idæi Jbhs. Ngthgmns simý su rnaho ng
pÿdabmh y jnmairý? ‑Jbhs, sb tÿ nxbstns, tn jirâ mbgmh fbguths piri kuafbgirfn y qun
\ 49 ¸Yuâ nrrhr
mhfntbý na itnh imnrmi jn ai
funri‖. \hstnrbhrfngtn, ug sidbh finstrh nsmum`ý nsth y jboh? ‑¸\ngsiræi na itnh qun na
giturianzi jn Jbhs8 pimbngtn Jbhs nspnriræi shaifngtn
shaifngtn mbgmh fbguths8‖
Idri`if Abgmhag, na prnsbjngtn
nstijhugbjngsn mhghmbjh phr abdnrir
i ahs nsmaivhs, kun kifhsh phr su
\ 44 ¸Mýfh Abgmhag pimbngmbi. Igtns jn aancir i snr
mhgvbrtbý i ]tigthg jn prnsbjngtn, tuvh ug hphgngtn
ngnfbch ng ifbch8 aaifijh ]tigthg. Ifdhs `hfdrns
qunræig snr prnsbjngtn y i fngujh
ngtridig ng jnditn. ]tigthg nri
 crhsnrh y rbjbmuabzidi ai ipirbngmbi jn

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 >>

Abgmhag. Jnmæi jn âa qun mhg su airci dirdi pirnmæi ug ‑vnrjijnrh chrbai‖ y qun jndæig
mhggirah ng na zhhaýcbmh. Abgmhag gh rnsphgjæi i nsths mhfngtirbhs jntnstidans. \nrh
jnspuâs jn qun kun nanmth prnsbjngtn, nsmhcbý i ]tigthg piri qun sbrvbnri ng ug nanvijh
mirch cudnrgifngtia. I ai funrtn jn Abgmhag, ]tigthg sn rnrbý i âa mhfh ugh ahs fés
crigjns aæjnrns qun na fugjh `udbnri mhghmbjh. Na ifhr ns pimbngtn y punjn mifdbir i
ug ngnfbch ng ifbch.
\idah an rnmhrjý i Zbfhtnh qun kunri pimbngtn y dhgjijhsh mhg iqunaahs qun sn an
hpusbnrig. Na igmbigh ipýstha nsmrbdbý?
4= ‑\nrhjnsnm`i ais munstbhgns gnmbis n bgsngsitis, sidbngjh qun ngcngjrig
mhgtbngjis. 4: \hrqu
\hrqunn na sbnrvh jna ]nùhr gh jndn snr mhgtngmbhsh, sbgh ifidan \ 4= ¸Ng quâ sn
piri mhg thjhs, ipth piri ngsnùir
ngsnùir,, sukrbjh5 qun mhg figsnjufdrn mhrrboi i ahs
4> pirnmng ai pimbngmbi
pimbngmbi y ai
qun sn hphgng, phr sb qubzé Jbhs ans mhgmnji qun sn irrnpbngtig piri mhghmnr ai dhgjij ng ais jhs miris jn
ugi fhgnji8
vnrjij, 4; y nsmipng jna aizh jna jbidah, ng qun nstég miutbvhs i vhaugtij jn âa‖
4?4=-4;).
(4 Zb 4?4=-4;).
Muigjh bgtngtifhs cubir i ahs pnmijhrns i Mrbsth, gh jndnfhs nspnrir qun
rnsphgjig répbjifngtn. Naahs shg nsmaivhs jna pnmijh y miutbvhs jna jbidah. Zbngng
pitrhgns
pitr hgns pnmi
pnmifbgh
fbghshs
shs jjnn pn
pngsifb
gsifbngth,
ngth, fiahs `édbt
`édbths
hs y ijbmm
ijbmmbhgns
bhgns.. Cn
Cnhrcn
hrcn Funa
Funaanr
anr
hrý phr jhs pnmijhrns jurigtn misb mbgmungti iùhs. Âa gugmi sn rbgjbý. ]u ifhr \ 4: ¸\hr quâ ns jn
ng khrfi jn pimbngmbi mhgqubstý su hdstbgijh mhrizýg. Mnrmi jna fhfngth jn su suphgnr qun ahs pnmijhrns
funrtn, naahs sn irrnpbgtbnrhg, sn jhdancirhg igtn su ]iavijhr y ngtrirhg ia rnbgh jn rnsphgjig angtifngtn8
ahs mbnahs.
Na ifhr jn ugi nsphsi aanvý i su nsphsh ia pbn jn ai mruz. Naai kun ugi jn ais pnrshgis
fés pimbngtns qun `n mhghmbjh. Iùh tris iùh, na nsphsh ai rbjbmuabzidi y ai shfntæi i
pnrsnmumbýg phr su kn. ]bg nfdirch, naai gugmi an jnvhavbý bgsuath
bgsuath phr bgsuath. Jnspuâs
jn su funrtn, ai bgungmbi jn su ifhr suivbzý na mhrizýg jn su nsphsh. ^ghs jæis igtns
\ 4> ¸Mýfh pujh na
jn fhrbr, âa hrý piri qun Jbhs an pnrfbtbnri br ia mbnah ijhgjn su pbijhsi nsphsi sn `idæi pimbngtn ifhr jn ugi
bjh. Ai vbji jn âa kun mhfh ugi hr firm`bti mhg ai kricigmbi jbsbpiji, sbg mhahr y mhg nsphsi cubir i su nsphsh i
iacughs pâtiahs miæjhs. Iug
Iug isæ, fbngtris an hkrnmæi i Jbhs ai hr jnsmhahrbji jn su vbji, Mrbsth jnspuâs jn ai funrtn
ugi figý sn nxtngjbý jnsjn na mbnah y ah nanvý `isti ai cahrbi ntnrgi. Ai pimbngmbi punjn jn naai8
ngtnrgnmnr na mhrizýg fés ngjurnmbjh. Mhfh aæjnrns jn Jbhs, snifhs mhghmbjhs phr
gunstri pimbngmbi phr thjhs i ahs qun jnsnifhs cubir.
cubir.
Ai pimbngmbi punjn simir ah fnohr jn thjhs ghshtrhs.
Nstujbh jn mish. Fnavbg mrnmbý ng ugi crig mbujij ng jhgjn thjh na fugjh vbvæi \ 4; ¸Yuâ maisn jn
jn prbsi. Na rnaho chdnrgidi miji imtbvbjij. Ais pnrshgis mhrræig piri thfir na fntrh ioustns gnmnsbtidi Fnavbg
piri abjnrir ng ug
y aancir i tbnfph i sus tridiohs. Iafhrzidig ng trnbgti fbguths. \icidig thjis sus ifdbngtn ruria8

kimturis phr
mhfprir pig.Bgtnrgnt.
Ngthgmns]nFnavbg
fhanstidig
aancý isbsnr
tngæig qunjn`imnr
pisthr ugi airuria
ugi bcansbi phr ymbgmh fbguths
sn trisaijý piri
mhg su
kifbabi. Ai vbji nri fés miafiji ng na mifph.
Ai pimbngmbi sbcgbmi qun nstifhs jbspunsths i rnjumbr ai vnahmbjij y i nspnrir \ 43 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý
muigjh sni gnmnsirbh. Ia prbgmbpbh Fnavbg pngsý qun ais pnrshgis ah iprnmbiræig sb ans Fnavbg jn ai cngtn ruria8
ngsnùidi i iprnsurirsn. \ngsý qun i naahs ans custiræi iprngjnr i snr fés nmbngtns, sbg
pnrjnr tigth tbnfph. \nrh pprhgth
rhgth iprngjbý qun na ifhifhrr ns pimbngtn. Nstis pnrshgis rurians
tngæig ug prhvnrdbh mhfh ugh jna suiobab qun jbmn? ‑@iriei, `iriei, `iægi diriei‖ (Ah
répbjh, répbjh, gh tbngn dngjbmbýg).
dngjbmbýg). Naahs an ngsnùirhg i Fnavbg qun, muigjh sn rnjumn
ai vnahmbjij, ¡sn jbskruti fés jn ai vbji!
Ai pimbngmbi gh ns gb ipitæi gb pnrnzi. Gh sbcgbmi bgjbknrngmbi gb kiati jn bgtnrâs. Ns
fés, ai pimbngmbi nxbcn ugi rfn jnmbsbýg. Jndnfhs nsmhcnr snr miafijhs y pimæmhs.
Ai Dbdabi ghs ji fum`hs nonfpahs jn pimbngmbi. Onsÿs kun pimbngtn mhg sus jbsmæpuahs,
bgmaush muigjh tuvh qun rnpntbr ais fbsfis anmmbhgns ugi y htri vnz (Ft 9;?25 Og 9:?2).
>; Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

Dnrgidâ kun pimbngtn mhg Ouig Firmhs (@m` 9>?=;-:<). ]igtbich jbmn qun ‑na aidrijhr
nspnri na prnmbhsh kruth jn ai tbnrri, icuirjigjh mhg pimbngmbi `isti qun rnmbdi ai
aauvbi tnfprigi y ai tirjæi‖ (]tc >?3).
Dusqunfhs hphrtugbjijns
hphrtugbjijns piri jnoir qun ai pimbngmbi, ug kruth jna Nspærbtu, hrnzmi
ng ghshtrhs (Cé >?44-4=).
Zirni? \hgci ng prémtbmi ai pimbngmbi mhg ais pnrshgis mhg qubngns sn ngmungtrn nsti
snfigi. Hdsnrvn sb mrnn qun ais pnrshgis iprnmbig su pimbngmbi. Ng ai maisn, muigjh
mhfngmnfhs ai sbcubngtn anmmbýg, an prncugtirnfhs sb `iy tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jna nknmth
qun miusý ng htrhs su pimbngmbi.
^g igmbigh qunræi iyujiran i ug ohvng i jnsirrhaair ug dung mirémtnr. ]iabnrhg
i mifbgir i ug oirjæg mnrmigh. Na igmbigh sn jntuvh y an pbjbý ia ohvng qun simiri
iacugis fianzis pnqunùis. Na ohvng sn bgmabgý y kémbafngtn rnfhvbý ai fianzi jn
ai tbnrri. Mifbgirhg ug phmh fés y na igmbigh an pbjbý ia ohvng qun qubtiri ugi
fianzi fés iati. Na ohvng `iaý mhg fés kunrzi y ai paigti siabý mhg thjh y riæmns.
‑I`hri jnsirribci nsi‖, jboh na igmbigh fbngtris snùiaidi ug pnqunùh irdusth. Na
ohvng `iaý mhg fum` fum`hh nsku
nskunrzh
nrzh y, gia
giafngt
fngtn,n, siabý na irdu
irdusth.
sth. \hr ÿatbf
ÿatbfh,h, âa an
pbjbý ia oohvng
hvng qun jnsnjnsngtnr
gtnrriri
riri ug ppnqunù
nqunùhh ér
érdha
dha jn mmnrmi
nrmi jn jjhshs f
fntrh
ntrhss jn iath. Na
ohvng idri
idrizý
zý nnaa trh
trhgmh
gmh n bgtng
bgtngtý
tý si
simira
mirahh mh
mhgg thj
thjii su kunr
kunrzi
zi pphr
hr vvirbhs
irbhs fbgut
fbguths,
hs, pnrh
na érdha gh siabý. ‑Ns bfphsbdan‖, irfý na ohvng. ‑Isæ fbsfh ns mhg na pnmijh‖,
rnsphgjbý na igmbigh. ‑Muigjh ns gunvh, ns kémba idigjhgirah5 pnrh muigjh fijuri
y nsté dbng ngribzijh, ns fuy jbkæmba jn nabfbgir‖. ]iqunfhs jn riæz na pnmijh jn
ai bfpimbngmbi, ng su nstijh fés bgfijurh y pnqunùh. R ng su aucir, muatbvnfhs
imtbtujns mhfh ai pimbngmbi y ai dhgjij.
\ 40 ¸Muéa ns ai tirni Zirni? \rimtbqun ai pimbngmbi mhg htrhs jurigtn ahs prýxbfhs jæis. Muigjh ustnj isbsti
qun an kun isbcgiji piri ai i ai maisn ai prýxbfi vnz, prnsngtn ug tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn ai bgungmbi jn ai pimbngmbi.
prýxbfi maisn8
Mhfpantn ahs nspimbhs jn ai curi 4.> ia mhfbngzh jn ai anmmbýg 3.

Anmmbýg
Na ifhr ns dngbcgh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).
3 Hdontbvh? Baustrir ai dngbcgbjij y ai rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi y ng ahs qun ustnj mhghmn.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh jn ai pimbngmbi qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs jn
nstujbir ai anmmbýg ;.
\ 42 Mhfpantn ai curi 4.> igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn y
miji ugh thfn jhs fbguths piri mhfpirtbr sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn snr pimbngtn.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi

(^stnj jn nsti
mhfpirtbré jhs `bsthrbi
fbguthsngqun funstri
ai maisn mhg qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn
ug mhfpiùnrh
y aunch su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn phgnr ng prémtbmi ai pimbngmbi?

Kbcuri 4.> Nonrmbmbh piri primtbmir ai pimbngmbi ng ai vbji (jhs fbgu

fbguths).
ths).

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 >3

\ =< ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ais `bsthrbis jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

 Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn ai pimbngmbi piri thji ai ma
maisn
isn
\ =9 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ =4 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 4.; Mhfpirtbr mhg

mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr, mhg âgkisbs ng ai pimbngmbi.
D. Na ifhr ns dngbcg
dngbcgh.h.
Ai pimbngmbi krnmungtnfngtn ns ai rnspunsti jna ifhr i qubngns ghs hkngjng,
fhanstig, jnmnpmbhgig, nghoig h ichtig. Ai dhgjij ns ai immbýg jna ifhr piri thjhs?
Jbhs, mrnyngtns, nxtriùhs y ngnfbchs.
Muigjh pngsifhs ng ai dhgjij jn Jbhs `imbi ghshtrhs vnfhs ug pitrýg i sncubr
sncubr.. \hr \ == ¸Muéans shg
su dhgjij, Jbhs ghs rnjbfbý (Zbt =?:->5 Th 99?44). \hr fnjbh jn ai dngbcgbjij jn Jbhs, iacughs nonfpahs jn
na Nspærbtu ]igth ghs ngsnùi, ghs khrtianmn, ghs imhgsnoi y ghs cuæi (Og 9;?9=). Jndbjh i ai dhgjij jn Jbhs
su dhgjij Jbhs prhvnn prhtnmmbýg, mhfpiùnrbsfh y sustngth i ais kifbabis. ]u ifhrhsi mhg ghshtrhs8
dhgjij prhphrmbhgi jbirbifngtn auz shair y aauvbi shdrn ousths n bfpæhs (Ft >?:>). Âa
rnvnai su dhgjij jégjhghs gunstrh pig jn miji jæi y thjh ah qun gnmnsbtifhs piri ai
vbji y ai pbnjij. Ahs imths jn dhgjij jn gunstrh \ijrn ghs ngsnùig i ghshtrhs sus `bohs
¡qun jndnfhs snr dhgjijhshs mhg ahs jnfés!
Ai Dbdabi ghs ji fum`hs nonfpahs jn ai dhgjij jn Jbhs. Ghnfæ rnmhghmbý ai dhgjij
jn Jbhs muigjh Âa an prhvnyý iabfngths, iadnrcun y ugi gunvi kifbabi (Tt 4?4<). Jivbj
\ =: ¸Muéans shg
sn rnchmboý jn qun ai dhgjij fbsnrbmhrjbhsi jn Jbhs kunri ug mhgsunah (]ia 992?3;).
Mhfh aæjnrns pbijhshs iprngjnfhs jn ai dhgjij jn Jbhs y fhstrifhs gunstrh ifhr phr iacughs
jn nonfpahs
ai dhgjij dædabmhs
jn Jbhs mhg
fnjbh jn imths jn dhgjij. ais pnrshgis8
Onsÿs ngsnùý qun na ifhr ans funstri dhgjij i thjhs. Ai pirédhai jn Mrbsth jna
Dung ]ifirbtigh ngkitbzý ai dhgjij `imbi ug nxtriùh (Am 9<?4>-=3). Ng mhgtristn, htris
pnrshgis rnabcbhsis kunrhg crhsnris, bgsngsbdans n bgjbknrngtns rnspnmth i iquna `hfdrn
qun yimæi fnjbh funrth i ug aijh jna mifbgh.
Gunstrh Finstrh kun dhgjijhsh mhg ugi fuonr jn fiai rnputimbýg qun nstidi ougth
i ug phzh jn ]ifirbi (Og :). Htris pnrshgis rnabcbhsis `imæig thjh ah phsbdan piri nvbtir
pisir phr ]ifirbi. \nrh Onsÿs pisý phr iaaæ ng dusmi jn ug pnmijhr mhfh nsti fuonr
piri fhstriran su dhgjij. Htrhs `hfdrns oujæhs gb sbqubnri `udbnrig siaujijh i nsti \ => ¸Mýfh aanvý ai
fuonr pnmijhri. Fum`hs `idræig rnmhcbjh ugi pbnjri piri aigzérsnai i naai. \nrh Onsÿs dhgjij jn Onsÿs i fum`hs
ai ifidi y sn prnhmupidi phr su iafi. Âa mhrrbý na rbnsch y sn thfý na tbnfph piri snr sifirbtighs i ai siavimbýg8
dhgjijhsh. R mhfh rnsuatijh, ai mhgjuoh i naai y i ug crig gÿfnrh jn pnrshgis i ai
kifbabi jna \ijrn. Ais pnrshgis sn ipirtirég jn ug mngtngir jn aæjnrns snvnrhs piri
sncubr i ug aæjnr dhgjijhsh.
^g `hfdrn rbmh nri tig mruna mhg ug phrjbhsnrh, qun gb sbqubnri an jidi ais fbciois
qun miæig jn su fnsi. Mhg ug mhrizýg jurh y kræh, nstn `hfdrn imiujiaijh vnæi ia
fngjbch fhrbrsn jn `ifdrn, jæi i jæi. Iÿg ahs pnrrhs an fhstridig ia fngjbch fés
dhgjij jn ai qun
qun an fhstridi na ``hfdrn
hfdrn rbmh. Ahs pnrrh
pnrrhss gh tngæig iabfngths
iabfngths piri jiran,
pnrh an aifæig ais `nrbjis piri `imnr qun sn sbgtbnri fnohr. Iacughs igbfians shg fés
dhgjijhshs qun mbnrtis pnrshgis (Am 9;?49).
¸Muégth pnsi ustnj ng ai diaigzi jn ai dhgjij8 Onsÿs kun dhgjijhsh mhg Fitnh, ug
mhdrijhr jn bfpunsths qun tribmbhgý i su prhpbh pundah. Misb thjh na fugjh hjbidi i \ =; ¸Mýfh aanvý
`imbi ai siavimbýg ai dhgjij
Fitnh phr snr ug tribjhr
tribjhr.. \nrh Onsÿs gh sn jbh phr vngmbjh mhg ais pnrshgis qun thfirhg jn gunstrh ]iavijhr i
fiais jnmbsbhgns. Âa nri dhgjijhsh mhg naahs. Onsÿs kun dhgjijhsh mhg Fitnh y mhg fircbgijhs mhfh Fitnh
htrhs rnmiujijhrns jn bfpunsths mhfh _iqunh, i qubng ahs oujæhs hjbidig (Ft 2?2-9=). y _iqunh8

>0 Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

¸Na rnsuatijh8 Onsÿs cubý i fum`hs mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths i ipirtirsn jna pnmijh y i
ngtrir ng na rnbgh jn Jbhs.
\ =3 ¸Mýfh ns ai Muigjh sncubfhs ahs pishs jn Onsÿs, ghs `idbtuifhs i snr dhgjijhshs. ]iaujifhs
dhgjij muigjh sncubfhs i ais pnrshgis mhg ugi shgrbsi y mhg ugi piaidri ifidan. Ghs ianoifhs jn ai `hstbabjij
i Onsÿs8
mhg ugi rnspunsti suivn. Aahrifhs mhg ahs qun aahrig. Ipirtifhs
Ipirtifhs tbnfph piri nsmum`ir
y hrir phr ahs qun pisig phr prundis. Mubjifhs i ahs ngknrfhs, i ahs igmbighs, i ais
 vbujis y i ahs `uârkighs. Zngnfhs mhfpisbýg phr ahs pnrjbjhs y dusmifhs fignris
jn imnrmirahs ia ]iavijhr. R muigjh primtbmifhs ai dhgjij, sn idaigji na mhrizýg jn
iacughs y ahs cubifhs `imbi Jbhs y `imbi na mbnah.
Na rny Thdhif, na `boh jna rny ]iahfýg, kun mruna mhg na pundah ia qun Jbhs ah aaifý
i abjnrir. \rimtbmý ai rujnzi ng vnz jn ai dhgjij. Ais pnrshgis sn imnrmirhg i âa y jbonrhg?
:
‑Zu pijrnn icrivý
snrvbjufdr
snrvbjufdrn gunstrhy yuch,
jn tu pijrn, fispnsijh
jna yuch i`hri qun
jbsfbguyn tÿ iach
push shdrn jn ais, juri
ghshtrh
ghshtrhs, y tn
\ =0 ¸Muégth an `idræi
mhstijh i Thdhif snr snrvbrnfhs.
snrvbrnf hs. R âa ans jboh? Bjhs, y jn iquæ i trns jæis vhavnj i fæ. R na pundah sn
>
dhgjijhsh8 ¸Muégth an kun. Ngthgmns na rny Thdhif pbjbý mhgsnoh jn ahs igmbighs qun `idæig nstijh
;
mhstý su rujnzi8
jnaigtn jn ]iahfýg su pijrn muigjh vbvæi, y jboh? ¸Mýfh imhgsnoébs vhshtrhs qun
rnsphgji
rnsphg ji i nstn pundah8 3 R naahs an `idairhg jbmbngjh? ]b tÿ kunrns `hy sbnrvh jn
nstn pundah y ah sbrvbnrns, y rnsphgjbâgjhans dungis piaidris
ans `idairns, naahs tn snrvbrég piri sbnfprn. 0 \nrh âa jnoý na
mhgsnoh qun ahs igmbighs an `idæig jijh, y pbjbý mhgsnoh jn
ahs oývngns qun sn `idæig mrbijh mhg âa, y nstidig jnaigtn jn
âa. 2 R ans jboh? ¸Mýfh imhgsnoébs vhshtrhs qun rnsphgjifhs
i nstn pundah, qun fn `i `idaijh jbmbngjh? Jbsfbguyn iach
jna yuch qun tu pijrn push shdrn ghshtrhs8 9< Ngthgmns ahs
oývngns qun sn `idæig mrbijh mhg âa an rrnsphgjbnr
nsphgjbnrhghg jbjbmbngjh?
mbngjh?
Isæ `idairés
`idairés i nstnstnn pundah qqun
un tn `i jbm`h nstis piaidris? Zu
pijrn icrivý gunstrh yuch, fis tÿ jbsfbgÿynghs iach5 isæ
ans `idairés? Na fnghr jnjh jn ahs fæhs ns fés crunsh qun
ahs ahfhs jn fb pijrn. 99 I`hri, puns, fb pijrn hs mircý jn
pnsijh yuch, fis yh iùijbrâ i vunstrh yuch5 fb pijrn hs
mistbcý mhg izhtns, fis yh hs mistbcirâ mhg nsmhrpbhgns. 94 Ia
tnrmnr jæi vbgh Onrhdhif mhg thjh na pundah i Thdhif, sncÿg
na rny ah `idæi figjijh, jbmbngjh? [havnj i fæ ia tnrmnr jæi.
9=
R na rny rnsph
rnsphgjbý
gjbý ia pundah jurifngtn, jnoigjh na mhgsnoh
qun ahs igmbighs an `idæig jijh5 9: y ans `idaý mhgkhrfn ia
Kbcuri 4.3 mhgsnoh jn ahs oývngns, jbmbngjh? Fb pijrn icrivý vunstrh
Na rny Thdhif, na `boh jna rny ]iahfýg, kun mruna yuch, pnr
pnrhh yh iiùijbr
ùijbrââ i vun
vunstr
strhh yuc
yuch5
h5 fb pijr
pijrnn hs mmistbc
istbcýý mhg
mhg na pundah ia qun Jbhs ah aaifý i abjnrir. izhtns, fis yh hs mistbcirâ mhg nsmhrpbhgns‖ (9 T 94?:-9:).94?:-9:).
¸Muéa kun na rnsuatijh muigjh Thdhif kun mruna ng aucir jn dhgjijhsh8 Jbnz jn ais
jhmn trbdus ah rnm`izirhg mhfh su rny. ]u kiati jn dhgjij kun ug pish jnmbsbvh `imbi ai
jbvbsbýg y ai jnstrummbýg jn ai gimbýg jn Bsrina.
\ =2 Ng ai shmbnjij, Ipabmimbýg. Mhfh aæjnrns jn Jbhs, ¸ans fhstrifhs gunstrh
¸mýfh punjn ustnj ifhr i htrhs phr fnjbh jn ai dhgjij8 Gunstris immbhgns G
shdrnsiabr mhfh ugi nstrnaai
baustrig h iguaig gunstrh fngsion. Ai dhgjij `imn shgrnær
ng ugi ghm`n hsmuri8
i ai cngtn. Ai dhgjij mifdbi i ais pnrshgis. @imn qun sn 
sbngtig ifijis y nspnmbians. Muigjh shfhs ifidans mhg ais 
\ :< ¸Mýfh sn pnrshgis, naais ah ghtig, phrqun `iy fum`i cngtn ng na fugjh  
rnaimbhgig sus immbhgns
mhfh aæjnr mhg su fngsion8
crhsnri, jnsmhgsbjnriji, timiùi n bgfbsnrbmhrjn. ¸Jnsni ustnj 
rnspaigjnmnr mhfh ugi nstrnaai ng ugi ghm`n hsmuri8 \rimtbqun
ai dhgjij mhg miji pnrshgi qun mhghzmi. Ai dhgjij ns ugi .
mirimtnræstbmi prbgmbpia jna ifhr jn Jbhs.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 >2

¸Yubnrn qun Jbhs y htrhs snig dhgjijhshs mhg ustnj8 ]b ns isæ, ngthgmns sni dhgjijhsh \ :9 ¸Yuâ mhsnm`ig ahs
mhg naahs. \uns, mhfh jboh Onsÿs? ‑Dbngivngturijhs ahs fbsnrbmhr
fbsnrbmhrjbhshs,
jbhshs, phrqun naahs qun sbnfdrig ai dhgjij8
iamigzirég fbsnrbmhrjbi‖ (Ft >?3). Mhsnm`ifhs ah qun snfdrifhs. ]bnfdrn dhgjij
y rnmhcnré ugi mhsnm`i jn dhgjij. Fum`hs nsmhcng ai jnstrummbýg mhfh su jnstbgh ia
jnoir i ug aijh ai dhgjij. ]igtbich nsmrbdbý?
9=
‑\hrqun oubmbh sbg fbsnrbmhrjbi sn `iré mhg iquna qun gh `bmbnrn fbsnrbmhrjbi5
y ai fbsnrbmhrjbi
fbsnrbmhrjbi trbugki shdr
shdrnn na oubmbh. 9: @nrfighs fæhs, ¸jn quâ iprhvnm`iré
iprhvnm`iré
sb iacugh jbmn qun tbngn kn, y gh tbngn hdris8 ¸\hjré ai kn siaviran8 9> R sb ug
`nrfigh h ugi `nrfigi nstég jnsgujhs, y tbngng gnmnsbjij jna figtngbfbngth
jn miji jæi, 9; y iacugh jn vhshtrhs
vhshtrhs ans jbmn? Bj ng piz, miangtihs
miangtihs y simbihs, pnrh
pnrh
gh ans jibs ais mhsis qun shg gnmnsirbis piri na munrph, ¸jn quâ iprhvnm`i8
93
Isæ tifdbâg ai kn, sb gh
gh tbngn hdris, ns funrti ng sæ
sæ fbsfi‖ (]tc 4?9=-93).
4?9=-93).
 ¡@écisn ug kivhr! Zritn i ahs jnfés jn ai fignri qun an custiræi qun ah tritirig i
ustnj. ]ni tig dhgjijhsh mhg htrhs mhfh jnsniræi qun naahs kunrig mhg ustnj. Ai dhgjij
ns ugi jnuji qun tngnfhs y ugi snfbaai qun snfdrifhs.
Éavirh nri ug jrhcijbmth qun vbvæi ng ais miaurhsis miaans jn ugi mbujij. Fngjbcidi
phr jbgnrh
j bgnrh y ia
iacughs
cughs an aigzidig fhgnjis. Ai ccngtn
ngtn sn rn
rnæi
æi mmuigjh
uigjh âa sn tifdianidi
y sn miæi bgtngtigjh rnmhcnrais. \nrh ug jæi ug mrnyngtn ng Mrbsth an push ugi figh
dhgjijhsi shdrn na `hfdrh y aahh aaanvý
anvý i ug mikâ piri qun mhfbnri. Iugqun na junùh \ :4 ¸Muéans shg
jna mikâ sn jbscustý ug phmh, na mrnyngtn sn sngtý ia aijh jn Éavirh piri mhgvnrsir iacughs nonfpahs jn
mhg âa y an jboh qun Jbhs ah ifidi y qun qunræi mifdbir su vbji. Éavirh isbstbý i ug dhgjij pbijhsi qun ustnj
`i nxpnrbfngtijh8
mngtrh jn Jnsikæh
Jnsik æh Ouvngba y an ngtrncý su vbji i Onsÿs. Jbhs
Jbh s ah sigý y sn mhgvbrtbý ng ug
gunvh `hfdrn. Muigjh an prncugtirhg quâ ah `idæi `nm`h mifdbir. Âa rnsphgjbý qun
ai dhgjij jna aæjnr jna mngtrh jn Jnsikæh Ouvngba `idæi firmijh ai jbknrngmbi. Muigjh
âa nri ijbmth, htrhs nvbtidig thmirah h `idairan. \nrh, ng ais phavhrbngtis miaans, na
fngsionrh jn Jbhs kun dhgjijhsh, an nxtngjbý ai figh, ah thmý, an jbh iabfngth y an
`bzh sngtbr qun viaæi iach.
Ipabmimbýg. ¸Yubâg punjn tnstbmir jn ahs imths jn dhgjij qun ustnj `ici8 ¸]hfhs \ := ¸Yuâ imth jn
mhghmbjhs phr `idair dhgjijhsifngtn mhg iqunaahs qun shg jbknrngtns i ghshtrhs8 ]b dhgjij `i figbknstijh
ustnj rnmbngtnfngtn8
iacubng ghs jnsmrbdbnri, ¸usiræi ai piaidri dhgjijhsh
dhgjijhsh88
@nfhs nstujbijh jhs mirimtnræstbmis phsbtbvis jna ifhr? ai pimbngmbi y ai dhgjij.
I`hri \idah ngufnri sbntn imtbtujns gncitbvis qun ug fngsionrh ifhrhsh jndn nvbtir.
Nstis imtbtujns gncitbvis shg ngnfbcis qun irrubgirég gunstrh abjnrizch y jndbabtirég
gunstri bgungmbi. Ahs pnmijhs jn ngvbjbi, hrcuaah rujnzi y nchæsfh jnstruyng `hcirns
y rnaimbhgns. Nsths pnmijhs jn ai mirgn miusig fiangtngjbjhs y mihs. Jndnfhs sbnfprn
nstir i ai jnkngsbvi mhgtri nsths ngnfbchs jna ifhr. Jâfhsan ugi fbriji fés mnrmigi i
nstis `hrrbdans mirimtnræstbmis qun ug aæjnr jndn nvbtir.
^gi piaidri jn égbfh. Ns vnrjij qun mhfngzifhs i ifir muigjh gimnfhs ng na \ :: ¸Mýfh punjn
]nùhr (9 Og :?3). \nrh jndnfhs mhgtbguir mrnmbngjh ng ifhr i ah airch jn gunstrh vbion ustnj igbfirsn sb mirnmn jn
pimbngmbi y jn dhgjij8
ng ai tbnrri. ¸^stnj gh nsté i ai iaturi jn ai pimbngmbi y ai dhgjij qun ug ifhr fijurh
jndn rnnoir8ngGh
sn mhgvbrtbý pbnrji
ijuath ng ais nspnrigzis.
ug jæi. Jn bcuiaJbhs ns pimbngtn
fignri, na ifhr piri mhg
y ai kn ghshtrhs.
qun ^stnj
Jbhs khroi gh
ng sus
sigths rnqubnrng tbnfph. Isæ qun, ispbrnfhs i thjh ah qun Jbhs qubnrn qun snifhs.
Muigjh gh iamigmnfhs i rnnoir ai dhgjij y ai pimbngmbi, pbjifhs y imnptnfhs na
pnrjýg jn Jbhs. Iprngjifhs jn gunstrhs nrrhrns. Tnmhrjnfhs qun na ifhr qun Jbhs
nxbcn ns shdrngituria. Muigjh gh sngtbfhs ifhr, imnrquâfhghs i Jbhs, qubng ns ai
kungtn jna ifhr. ]bcifhs na nonfpah jn ahs crigjns aæjnrns. R rnmhrjnfhs qun nshs
nonfpahs drbaaigtns qun vnfhs `hy nrig fés tnguns ng sus prbfnrhs iùhs. Bgmaush ahs
ipýsthans tuvbnrhg qun mrnmnr ng ifhr. \nrh na mrnmbfbngth gh ns immbjngtia. Aanci
muigjh ghs prhphgnfhs tngnrah. Jndnfhs paignir y jir ahs pishs piri mrnmnr. Jndnfhs

;< Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

ig`nair mrnmnr y `imnr thjh na nskunrzh piri mifbgir mnrmi jn Jbhs, shfntbjhs i su
\iaidri y i su Nspærbtu ]igth. Jbhs ghs pnrknmmbhgiré y ghs fijuriré, pnrh ghshtrhs
jndnfhs fbrir su rhstrh, dusmir su prnsngmbi y mhhpnrir mhg Âa.
\ :> Mhfpantn ai curi 4.0 piri igbfirsn i fnjbji qun mrnmn
m rnmn ng Mrbsth.
Znxth ]us rnsÿfngns shdrn na prhmnsh jn aancir i snr mhfh Mrbsth
Th 0?42
4 Mh =?90
Nk :?4=
Mha =?9<
Kbcuri 4.0 \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs pisions shdrn na prhmnsh jn aancir i snr mhfh Onsÿs.
\ :; ¸Yuâ phgjré ng Zirni? \rimtbqun snr dhgjijhsh mhg htrhs ng ahs prýxbfhs jæis. Muigjh aancun i ai
prémtbmi ahs prýxbfhs
prýxbfhs jæis8 maisn, prnsngtn ug tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn ai bgungmbi jn su dhgjij.

Anmmbýg
Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).
0 Hdontbvh I? Jngbr ai ngvbjbi y prhphrmbhgir ia fnghs mbgmh nonfpahs dædabmhs jn nstn pnmijh.
 Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir trns maivns piri vngmnr na vngngh jn ai ngvbjbi.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh jn ai dhgjij qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs jn nstujbir
ai anmmbýg 3.
\ :3 Mhfpantn ai curi 4.2 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh y qun miji
ugh ng jhs fbguths mhfpirti sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn primtbmir ai dhgjij.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths qun jnfunstri qun na ifhr ns dhgjijhsh
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsth ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y jnspuâs su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir ai dhgjij?

Kbcuri 4.2 \rimtbmir ai dhgjij ng ai vbji (jhs fbgu

fbguths).
ths).
\ :0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj mhg ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn na ifhr qun ns dhgjijhsh piri thji ai maisn
\ :2 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ >< ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 4.9< Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr, mhg âgkisbs ng ai dhgjij.
M. Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi (9 Mhrbgtb
Mhrbgtbhs
hs 9=?:).
\idah mhfbngzi mhg jhs muiabjijns phsbtbvis jn ah qun ns na ifhr? ns pimbngtn y ns
dngbcgh. Aunch \idah ngufnri sbntn mirimtnræstbmis gncitbvis jn ah qun gh ns na ifhr.
Ai ngvbjbi ns ai prbfnri mirimtnræstbmi gncitbvi.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 ;9

Ai ngvbjbi ns ug jnsnh fiabcgh jn phsnnr ah qun htrhs tbngng. Ai ngvbjbi ns mhjbmbhsi, \ >9 ¸Mhghmn ustnj i

sbnfprn nchmâgtrbmi. Ai ngvbjbi, ai mhjbmbi, ahs mnahs y ai ivirbmbi shg sbgýgbfhs, `bohs iacugi pnrshgi qun ngvbjbn i
iacubng8 Nxpabqun.
jna fbsfh pijrn fiavijh, na jbidah. Ai ngvbjbi vn ais phsnsbhgns jn htrhs y ais mhjbmbi.
Jn bcuia fignri, ahs mnahs vng ais phsnsbhgns jn htrhs ¡y ans jnmairig ugi cunrri i sus \ >4 ¸Muéans shg
junùhs! Ai ngvbjbi y ai mhjbmbi shg fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi jna hjbh, pnrh gh nstég iacughs sbgýgbfhs
rnaimbhgijis mhg na ifhr. ¡Ai ngvbjbi hjbi, mhjbmbi, jbkifi, fnghsprnmbi, rbjbmuabzi, jn ngvbjbi8
`urti y isnsbgi!
Jngbmbýg. Ai ngvbjbi ns ug jnsnh rndnajn y fiabcgh jna mhrizýg. Ai ngvbjbi ng \ >= ¸Muéans shg
ghshtrhs rnvnai ugi kiati jn icrijnmbfbngth phr ah qun Jbhs ghs `i jijh. Ns ugi anpri iacugis mirimtnræstbmis y
iacughs rnsuatijhs jn
ng na iafi. Ngsumbi, mhrrhfpn y angtifngtn vi fitigjh thjh ah dungh y `nrfhsh ng ai ngvbjbi8
gunstrh bgtnrbhr. Ng 4 Mhrbgtbhs 99?4, \idah nsmrbdn imnrmi jna mnah sigth qun prhtncn y
ig`nai ah mhrrnmth. \nrh ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:, \idah sn rnnrn i ugi ngvbjbi h i ug mnah
pnmifbghsh qun jnfunstri mhjbmbi y nchæsfh. Ng Mhrbgth, na pbn ngvbjbidi i ai figh
(9 Mh 94?9>).
9. Na prhdanfi? Ai ngvbjbi
ngvbjbi ns ug pnmijh qun ais Nsmrbturis
Nsmrbturis rncbstrig i fngujh. \ >: ¸Muégjh mhfngzý

Ahs pijrns jn ai bcansbi mrnæig qun ai ngvbjbi nri na pnmijh qun hmisbhgý qun ]itigés, na pnmijh jn ai ngvbjbi8

ug aæjnr jn égcnans, miynri jnsjn su phsbmbýg jn irmégcna (Bs 9:?94-935 Am 9<?90). 4

Htrhs bgtnrprntig qun Bsiæis 9:?94 qubnrn jnmbr qun ai ngvbjbi kun na pnmijh qun miusý
ai miæji jna rny jn Didbahgbi (Bs 9:?94-93). Ahs jnstimijhs nrujbths `ndrnhs Enba y
Jnabtzsm` vbnrhg ia rny jn Didbahgbi (Gidumhjhghshr) mhfh ugi pnrshgi ngvbjbhsi qun \ >> ¸I muéans jhs
snùiaidi `imbi htris jhs pnrshgis. [bnrhg i nstn rny mhfh ug igtbtbph
igtbtbph,, qun snùiaidi chdnrgigtns rnmunrji ai
`imbi na pisijh i ]itigés y ug tbph qun ipugti `imbi na kuturh i ai miæji jna igtbmrbsth. = jnsmrbpmbýg qun Bsiæis `imn
Bgjnpngjbngtnfngtn jn mýfh bgtnrprntnfhs Bsiæis 9:?94-93, jndnfhs imnptir qun ai jn Gidumhjhghshr8
ngvbjbi ns na pnmijh qun miusý ai miæji jn ]itigés y jna rny jn Didbahgbi y miusiré (Bs 9:?94-93).
ai miæji jna igtbmrbsth. Ai ngvbjbi ns ug ngnfbch qun `i jnrrhtijh i fbans jn aæjnrns. \ >; ¸Muéans shg ahs
R ai ngvbjbi kun triæji i ai tbnrri phr ug aæjnr igcnabmia i qubng Jbhs nxpuasý jna mbnah. trns aæjnrns qun trhpbnzig y
Iphmiabpsbs 94?: jnmairi qun na jricýg irristrý ugi tnrmnri pirtn jn ais nstrnaais muigjh ming phr ai ngvbjbi8
miyý jna mbnah piri jnsvbir i ais pnrshgis jn ai tbnrri. Iacughs nrujbths pbngsig qun nstn
pision jnsmrbdn ai miæji jn ]itigés y su bgungmbi shdrn htrhs égcnans qun ah sb
sbcubnrhg.
cubnrhg. :
Ijég y Nvi gh nstidig mhgtngths ng na piriæsh. Ng aucir jn icrijnmnr phr
phr thjis ais
dngjbmbhgns jn Jbhs, ifdhs ngvbjbidig na mhghmbfbngth jna dbng y jna fia qun Jbhs
tngæi (Cg =?;). Na jbidah `bzh qun na kruth prh`bdbjh qun nstidi ng na érdha sn vbnri
itrimtbvh. Ng sus fighs, na kruth sn sngtæi firivbaahsh ia prbgmbpbh. \nrh ng su dhmi sn \ >3 ¸Ai ngvbjbi
vhavbý ifirch, mhfh ug dhmijh jn mngbzis. Ai ngvbjbi ns ngciùhsi. \hr iach gugmi jbmn ngtrnci ah qun igugmbi8
ai vnrjij shdrn ahs paimnrns jna pnmijh. Ai ngvbjbi snùiai `imbi ug aucir fés iath, pnrh Baustrn.
ia gia ghs irristri `imbi idioh, y gh `imbi irrbdi.
Miæg ngvbjbý na kivhr qun Jbhs figbknstý `imbi Idna. ]itigés mhgvngmbý i Miæg jn
qun, sb âa isnsbgidi i Idna, ais mhsis bræig fnohr. Iacughs `hy, gh isnsbgig i qubngns
ngvbjbig5 pnrh naahs fitig su rnputimbýg phr fnjbh jna m`bsfn y ai miaufgbi, ahs muians
ais Nsmrbturis prh`ædng (]tc :?99-94). \nrh na prhdanfi jn Miæg gh nri su `nrfigh Idna, \ >0 ¸Muéa kun na prnmbh
sbgh ai tnrqunjij y ai mhjbmbi jn su prhpbh mhrizýg. Jnspuâs jn qun Miæg nabfbgý i jn ai ngvbjbi jn Miæg y jn
Idna jn ai nsmngi, ais mhsis nfpnhrirhg piri âa, ng vnz jn fnohrir. Jndbjh i ai ngvbjbi, su rndnabýg8
ugi fiajbmbýg miyý shdrn Miæg y sus `bohs. Ai ngvbjbi ns ug pnmijh fuy mhsthsh, pnrh
sbnfprn nsmhgjn ai ntbqunti jn su prnmbh. ]b ais pnrshgis supbnrig muégth piciræig phr ai
ngvbjbi, gugmi nstiræig jn imunrjh mhg nsti.
Ahs `nrfighs jn Ohsâ ngvbjbidig na kivhrbtbsfh qun su pijrn Oimhd fhstridi phr
âa. \nrh vngjnr i Ohsâ gh ahs `bzh sngtbr fnohr
fnohr.. Mhfh rnsuatijh jn su pnmijh jn ngvbjbi,
kunrhg nsmaivhs jn ai muapi, ia fnghs jurigtn vnbgtn iùhs. R ia gia, sus imths fiavijhs \ >2 ¸Yuâ sn cigirhg
jn ngvbjbi mhgjuonrhg i ai supnrimbýg jn Ohsâ. Ai ngvbjbi gugmi ns ugi nsmianri phr ai ahs `nrfighs jn Ohsâ phr
qun phjifhs sudbr i ug aucir fés iath. Ns ug mégmnr jna iafi. su ngvbjbi8

;4 Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

Imég ngvbjbý ah qun Jbhs `idæi jnmairijh bancia. Na abgchtn jn hrh rnspaigjnmæi dioh
na sha. Ahs mhahrns jna figth didbaýgbmh ah tngtirhg. Isæ qun, Imég sn rhdý ah qun Jbhs
`idæi\nrh
jæis. prh`bdbjh. ¸Muéa
ia gia, nsthkun na rnsuatijh8
rn suatijh8
imirrný Imég nsmhgjbý
ugi fiajbmbýg shdrn âa nay hrh y nathji
shdrn figth phr ughsBgvbtir
su kifbabi. muigthsi
\ ;< ¸Muéa kun ai
rnmhfpngsi phr ai ngvbjbi ai ngvbjbi i gunstrh mhrizýg ns tig bgsngsith mhfh anvigtir ugi snrpbngtn vngnghsi. Ai
jn Imég8 ngvbjbi ns fhrtia. Ia gia, ai ngvbjbi jn Imég prhvhmý ai funrtn jn thjhs ahs fbnfdrhs jn
su kifbabi, jn âa fbsfh, jn su nsphsi y jn thjhs sus `bohs. Ai ngvbjbi
n gvbjbi ns jnfisbijh mhsthsi
piri qun
qun ugi pnrshgi
pnrshgi sidbi
sidbi ai ijqubn
ijqubnri.
ri. Jnonfhs
Jnonfhs qun
qun ai mhfprng
mhfprng ahs gnmbhs.
gnmbhs.
Ai ngvbjbi jn Jivbj `imbi ^ræis `bzh qun mhjbmbiri i Dntsidâ, su nsphsi. Muigjh
Jivbj gh pujh rnsbstbr su ngvbjbi, nsti ah aanvý i mhfntnr ijuatnrbh mhg Dntsidâ y
`hfbmbjbh mhg ^ræis. Muigjh Dntsidâ jbh i auz ia `boh jn Jivbj, prhjumth jn su ijuatnrbh,
\ ;9 ¸Muéa kun na prnmbh
na prhknti Gitég aancý thmigjh ai punrti jna rny
rny.. Nri na f
fhfngth
hfngth jna prbfnr pich jn Jivbj
qun picý Jivbj phr mhjbmbir phr ai ngvbjbi y ai auourbi qun âa pnrfbtbý qun vbvbnrig ng su fngtn y mhrizýg. \rhgth
i ai nsphsi jn htrh `hfdrn8 tnrfbgý ai vbji jna `boh jn ai ngvbjbi. \nrh ahs pichs ipngis mhfngzidig. Idsiaýg
Idsiaýg nm`ý
i Jivbj jna piaimbh. R ai nspiji gugmi sn ipirtý jn ai misi jn Jivbj. Muigjh na rny
isnsbgý i ^ræis, idrbý ai punrti piri qun na `hfbmbjbh ngtriri ng su prhpbi kifbabi. R na

`hfbmbjbh
na gugmi
jæi jn `hy. Isæ idigjhgý
`hy. ai misi
qun, igtns jn jn Jivbj.
imnptir Na `hfbmbjbh
ai ngvbjbi, mhgtbgÿi
mhfprngjifhs vbvbngjh
ah qun iaaæ `isti
tngjræifhs qun
picir phr nstn pnmijh y ipirtâfhghs jn âa. Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjb
ngvbjbi.
i. Fés dbng, na ifhr
prhphrmbhgi ai dngjbmbýg
dngjbmbýg jn Jbhs qun gh miusi trbs
trbstnzi.
tnzi.
Ahs bsrinabtis siabnrhg jn Ncbpth jnspuâs jn qun kunrhg nsmaivhs iaaæ jurigtn sbcahs.
Jbhs ahs abdnrý jn ai gimbýg fés phjnrhsi jn ai tbnrri, sbg qun gbgcugh jn naahs anvigtiri
ugi nspiji. Âa ahs abdnrý phr fnjbh jn jbnz paicis shdrngiturians qun izhtirhg i ahs
\ ;4 ¸Yuâ prnmbh ncbpmbhs. Ngthgmns Jbhs jbvbjbý na Fir Thoh piri qun ahs bsrinabtis pujbnrig mruzirah
picirhg ahs bsrinabtis phr phr ug tnrrngh snmh y snpuatý ia noârmbth jn Kiriýg muigjh na icui vhavbý i su miumn.
ngvbjbir ah qun tngæig ng Ahs bsrinabtis migtirhg y jigzirhg, fbngtris Firæi ahs cubidi ng ai mnandrimbýg jn nsti
na pisijh8 vbmthrbi (Âx 9>?9-49). \nrh su critbtuj gh jurý fum`h. Zrns jæis jnspuâs yi sn qunoidig
phr ai nsmisnz jn icui. Jbhs ans prhvnyý na icui qun gnmnsbtidig i pnsir jn ai fignri
 ng qun prhtnstidig, ng vnz jn anvigtir sus hohs ia mbnah y aanvir sus pntbmbhgns igtn Jbhs
mhg immbýg jn crimbis. Jæi tris jæi, Jbhs sitbskimæi sus gnmnsbjijns jn icui, pig, mirgn y
prhtnmmbýg. \nrh, ¸ahs bsrinabtis iacugi vnz iprngjbnrh
iprngjbnrhgg ai anmmbýg jn mhgir ng Jbhs, jir
crimbis y nstir mhgtngths mhg ah qun Âa ans jbh8 Nximtifngtn ug fns jnspuâs jna âxhjh,
ahs bsrinabtis ngvbjbidig, iùhridig y mhjbmbidig su igtbcui vbji jn nsmaivbtuj ng Ncbpth
(Âx 9;?9-=). Nm`idig jn fnghs ahs pnsmijhs, ais mndhaais y ahs fnahgns qun mhfæig,
fbngtris `hrgnidig y rnmbdæig chapns jn sus hprnshrns. Ai fuatbtuj muapý i Fhbsâs phr
simirahs jn ai nsmaivbtuj. ¡Ah imusirhg jn `idnr paignijh fitirahs i thjhs jn `ifdrn ng
na jnsbnrth! Ng rnspunsti i sus qunois, Jbhs `bzh jnsmngjnr figé jna mbnah jhs vnmns ia
jæi, ans jbh mhjhrgbmns y ans simý icui jn ugi pnùi. ]bg nfdirch, phmh tbnfph jnspuâs,
sn migsirhg jna figé y mhgtbguirhg ngvbjbigjh ahs dngnmbhs jn su igtbcui vbji jn
nsmaivbtuj. Cbfbnrhg, aahrirhg y sn aifngtirhg jbmbngjh?
> ‑Ghs imhrjifhs jna pnsmijh qun mhfæifhs ng Ncbpth jn diajn, jn ahs pnpbghs,

ahs fnahgns, ahs punrrhs, ais mndhaais y ahs iohs5 ; y i`hri gunstri iafi sn snmi5
puns giji sbgh nstn
nstn figé vng gunstr
gunstrhs
hs hohs‖ (Gf 99?>-;).
99?>-;).
\ ;= ¸Yuâ mhsth jn ahs ¸Jn diajn8 Naahs kunrhg nsmaivhs phr mngtngirns jn iùhs. Ahs ncbpmbhs ahs hdabcirhg i
vncntians ng Ncbpth havbjirhg aigzir i sus dndâs ia ræh Gbah piri qun ahs mhmhjrbahs sn ahs mhfbnrig. ¡Muég répbjifngtn
ahs bsrinabtis8 ahs snrns `ufighs punjng havbjir na mhsth, ai fbsnrbi, ai ichgæi y ai jnsnspnrigzi jn ai
\ ;: ¸Yuâ pitrýg
vbji igtns jn snr abdnrijhs phr Jbhs! \nrh gb nsti cngnrimbýg i ai qun Jbhs simý jn Ncbpth,
jnsmudrn ustnj ng na mifbgh gb ais sbcubngtns cngnrimbhgns i ais qun Jbhs abdrý jn ahs migignhs sn mhgtngtirhg mhg ai
jn ai ngvbjbi8 Baustrn. abdnrimbýg, ai prhtnmmbýg, ai prhvbsbýg, na prbvbancbh y ai `nrngmbi qun Jbhs ans hkrnmbý.
Ng mifdbh, ngvbjbirhg y mhjbmbirhg miji mhsi fiabcgi qun su mirgn jnsnidi. Ngvbjbir
Ngvbjbirhg
hg
ahs æjhahs jn ais gimbhgns qun ahs rhjnidig. Ahs `hfdrns oujæhs ngvbjbirhg i ais fuonrns

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 ;=

qun ijhridig ahs æjhahs jn fijnri y pbnjri nsmuapbjhs phr ahs `hfdrns. R thjhs ahs
bsrinabtis mhjbmbirhg tngnr ug rny, ¡piri snr sbfbairns i ais htris gimbhgns! (9 ] 0?;, 4<).
Ipabmimbýg. \iri ahs ngvbjbhshs bsrinabtis, na prijh jna pitbh jn htrh sbnfprn nri fés \ ;> ¸Mýfh sn vn

vnrjn qun na jn su prhpbh pitbh. R isæ ns mhg ahs mhrizhgns pnmifbghshs ng thjis pirtns. sbnfprn
tngnfhsiach qun jn
i trivâs gh ahs hohs
I trivâs jn ahs hohs jn ai ngvbjbi, iach qun gh tngnfhs sbnfprn sn vn fnohr qun ah jn ai ngvbjbi8
gunstrh… ¡`isti qun ah mhgsncubfhs! Gh ns jn nxtriùir qun phmh tbnfph jnspuâs jn
ngvbjbir ai ‑mhfbji jn diajn‖ jn Ncbpth, thji ugi cngnrimbýg pnrjbnri su `nrngmbi ng
Migiég. ]n rndnairhg y mhfngzirhg ugi firm`i jn muirngti iùhs phr na mifbgh `imbi
sus tufdis ng na jnsbnrth. Ai ngvbjbi sbnfprn ns ug mifbgh qun aanvi i ai ibmmbýg, ai
jnstrummbýg, ai vnrcñngzi y na jhahr.
Na rny Imid tngæi fés uvis jn ais qun sn phjæi mhfnr. \nrh ngvbjbidi ai vbùi jn
Gidht, ug phdrn `hfdrn qun vbvæi mnrmi. Ai rnbgi Onzidna an nm`ý anùi ia kunch jn ai
ngvbjbi jn su nsphsh Imid. Naai ah igbfý i thfir ai jbrnmmbýg nqubvhmiji. Isæ qun, Imid
isnsbgý i Gidht y an rhdý su vbùi. (9 T 49). ¸Muéa kun na kruth jn su ngvbjbi8 Ia phmh \ ;; ¸Yuâ prnmbh picý
tbnfph ug irqunrh jbspirý ugi nm`i qun an itrivnsý na pnm`h i Imid (9 T 44?42-=0). na rny Imid phr ais uvis qun
R ahs pnrrhs sn mhfbnrhg na mijévnr jn Onzidna ng ai miaan (4 T 2?=<-=3). ¸R
¸Rii pnrjbý su ngvbjbý jn ai vbùi jn Gidht8
ipntbth phr ai ngvbjbi h an custiræi prhdir ug dhmijh jn nsti8
Ahs aæjnrns
na pundah. \baithoujæhs ngvbjbidig
mhfprngjbý i Onsÿs
qun ai phrnrisuaicrimbi,
ngvbjbi prhfbgngmbi
rizýg phr y phpuairbjij
ai qun naahs ngtrn
qunræig mrumbmir
ia rny jna pundah (Ft 43?93-905 Fr 9>?2-9<). ‑Mruna ns ai bri, n bfpntuhsh na kurhr5 Fis
¸qubâg phjré shstngnrsn jnaigtn jn ai ngvbjbi8‖ (\r 43?:). \hr fnjbh jn fngtbris, ahs \ ;3 ¸Ai `bsthrbi
aæjnrns oujæhs ahcrirhg qun nonmutirig i Onsÿs. ¸]itbszh nsth na fiabcgh jnsnh jn su mhfprundi qun ai ngvbji an
mhrizýg8 ¸@idnr mhfpaimbjh su ngvbjbi ahs aangý jn knabmbjij8 ¸Zrbugkirhg ahs aæjnrns sufi i ah qun yi tngnfhs8,
h, ¸an rnsti8
oujæhs mhg ai ngvbjbi jnspuâs jn ahs krimishs phr ai ngvbjbi qun sukrbnrhg Ijég y Nvi,
Miæg, ahs `nrfighs jn Ohsâ, Imég, Jivbj, Imid y htrhs8 ¡Gh! Na hjbh krimisý gunvifngtn
mhg ahs fbsfhs `hrrbdans rnsuatijhs. Fitir i Onsÿs, i qubng ngvbjbidig, gh fnohrý ais
mhsis. Jn `nm`h, naahs gh cigirhg fés rnspnth ng su tnfpah. Ng mifdbh, ahs rhfighs
jnstruynrhg na tnfpah jn ahs oujæhs y nsths pnrjbnrhg na rnspnth qun tngæig.
Ouabh nri ug ohvng aæjnr bguyngtn mhg ug crig
jnsnh jn iprngjnr. Nstujbidi abdrhs, pnrh iÿg
fés, nstujbidi i ais pnrshgis. Mhfh rnsuatijh,

mhgstruyý
qun snrvæi.rnaimbhgians sýabjis mhg ais
Fum`hs mhfngzirhg pnrshgis fuy
i mhfngtir i ais \ ;0
iacugis
¸Muéans shg
mhsis qun ahs
 dungis mhsis imnrmi jna abjnrizch jn Ouabh. \nrh ai mrnyngtns punjng snr
tngtijhs i ngvbjbir8
ngvbjbi ngtrý ng na mhrizýg jn Zrivbnsh, ug aæjnr Nxpabqun.
qun tridioidi fuy mnrmi jn Ouabh. Nsti ngvbjbi sn
mhgvbrtbý ng ugi ifircuri qun jurý iùhs. Zrivbnsh \ ;2 ¸@i vbsth ustnj
`idæi nonrmbjh na abjnrizch phr fés iùhs qun Ouabh. ahs tnrrbdans rnsuatijhs jn ai
¡Isæ qun, pngsý qun âa jndæi snr na kivhrbth! Na ngvbjbi8 Nxpabqun.
jbidah mhgvngmbý i Zrivbnsh jn qun Ouabh nri ugi
ifngizi phrqun ais pnrshgis ah ifidig fés qun i
htrhs aæjnrns. Zrivbnsh ghs rnmunrji ia rny @nrhjns,
qubng, mhfh nri tig mhjbmbhsh jn phsbmbýg y phjnr,
Kbcuri 4.99 ^g pnrrh mhjbmbhsh muigjh nsmum`ý qun `idæi gimbjh ug gunvh rny,
sbgtbý ngvbjbi jna `unsh jn htrh
pnrrh qun vnæi rnnoijh ng ais isnsbgý i thjhs ahs dndâs virhgns qun nstidig mnrmi
icuis jn ug ræh. Muigjh idrbý na jn âa. Zrivbnsh snfdrý ais snfbaais jn ai jbsmhrjbi.

htrh pnrrh, gh ahcrý giji, sbgh qun Âa bguyý ng htrhs aæjnrns piri jbkifir y rnm`izir
`hmbmh piri qubtiran na `unsh ia
i Ouabh. Mhg na tbnfph, ai ngvbjbi jn ahs htrhs
tifdbâg pnrjbý na qun yi tngæi. Ai
ngvbjbi gh iùijn giji i ah qun aæjnrns hdabcý i Ouabh i rngugmbir y i idigjhgir
yi tngnfhs5 fés dbng, ah qubti y na fbgbstnrbh. Na ngnfbch ahcrý ugi crig vbmthrbi
fiajbmn gunstrh kuturh. muigjh Zrivbnsh gh pnrfbtbý qun na Nspærbtu ]igth

;: Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

trigskhrfiri su ngvbjbi y nchæsfh ng ifhr. ]b Zrivbnsh `udbnri bfbtijh na nonfpah jn

Ouabh, tia vnz ais pnrshgis ah `udbnrig ifijh i âa tifdbâg.
\ 3< ¸Yuâ `iré ustnj Ai ngvbjbi ns ugi tngtimbýg qun thmi i ai punrti jn miji aæjnr. Zbngti i thjhs ahs
muigjh ai ngvbjbi an susurrn aæjnrns mhg mirgijis mhfh snxh bgfhria, jbgnrh bancia y phjnr bfpæh. Mhgsngtbr ng ahs
i su hæjh8
pnmijhs
‑\nrh crigjn ai ngvbjbi,nsauourbi
cigigmbi y mhjbmbi
ai pbnjij trin fiajbmbýg
imhfpiùiji y vnrcñngzi,(9trbstnzi
jn mhgtngtifbngth‖ Zb ;?;).y]ni
jhahr
jhahr.
ug.
aæjnr sidbh y mifbgn ng ai sngji jna ifhr y ai hdnjbngmbi. Jnon na mifbgh jn ai ngvbjbi
y ai jnshdnjbngmbi piri ahs gnmbhs qun vbioig i ai jnstrummbýg.
4. Ai shaumbýg? Ais Nsmrbturis ghs prhphrmbhgig fignris jn vngmnr ai ngvbjbi.
\ 39 ¸Yuâ prhfnsi ans Mhgsbjnrnfhs trns maivns piri vngmnr ai ngvbjbi.
ji Jbhs i ahs qun rnsbstng
\rbfnrh, shfntéfhghs Nspærbtu ]igth i fnjbji qun Âa ghs cuæi i ifir i Jbhs y
shfntéfhghs ia Nspærbtu
ia jbidah y sn shfntng ia
Nspærbtu ]igth8 ifir i ais pnrshgis. Na ifhr ns ug kruth qun na Nspærbtu ]igth punjn prhjumbr ng gunstri
vbji (Cé >?44). Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi (9 Mh 9=?:).
Mhfh aæjnr, `idré fhfngths ng qun sngtbré ai tngtimbýg jn ngvbjbir fum`is mhsis.
]u phsbmbýg mhfh aæjnr `iré qun ais pnrshgis ah ijfbrng. ]b ustnj ns virýg, `idré
fuonrns qun ah ijfbrng y sbngtig itrimmbýg. ^stnj sn vnré tngtijh i mhjbmbir ai dnaanzi jn
iacugis jn nstis fuonrns. Ahs jnsnhs pnrvnrshs jn su mirgn ah itrinrég i naais, isæ mhfh
ugi vnai ngmngjbji itrin i ugi phabaai. Zhjis ais pnrshgis abdrig ditiaais mhgtri nsti

maisn jnpnmifbghshs
jnsnhs itrimmbhgns bfpæis. Fbngtris
jn ai mirgn,
mirgn vbvifhs ngmhfh
, nspigtégjhahs munrph jn mirgn,
i ugi fhsmijndnfhs rnsbstbr
qun qubnrn ahs
phsirsn
ng gunstrhs iabfngths. I fnjbji qun rnsbstbfhs ia jbidah y i ahs jnsnhs pnrvnrshs jn ai
mirgn, nsths sn iqubntig. R muigjh `hgrifhs na abjnrizch jna Nspærbtu ]igth,
]igth, Âa prhjumn
ng ghshtrhs na kruth jna jhfbgbh prhpbh piri qun phjifhs mifbgir mhg Jbhs.
\ 34 Mhfh aæjnr ohvng, ^g sncugjh pish `imbi ai muri jn ai ngvbjbi ns nvbtir mhfpirimbhgns. Mhfpirirghs
¸quâ hmurrbré sb ustnj sn ghshtrhs fbsfhs mhg iqunaahs i ahs qun mrnnfhs qun ans nsté yngjh fnohr ghs aanvi ia
mhfpiri mhg htrhs8
jnsmhgtngth. ]bg bfphrtir muég dbng ghs ngmhgtrnfhs (ia vbvbr mýfhjifngtn), sbnfprn
`idré iacubng qun nstiré fnohr. \idah ghs rnmunrji qun ahs qun sn mhfpirig mhg htrhs
gh shg sidbhs (4 Mh 9<?94). Isæ mhfh ugi pnrshgi mhjbmbhsi sbnfprn jnsni fés jbgnrh,
iqunaahs qun sn mhfpirig mhg htrhs ngvbjbig ais dngjbmbhgns qun naahs vng ng ahs jnfés. >
Nvbtifhs ais mhfpirimbhgns muigjh ghs hmupifhs jn gunstrhs prhpbhs isugths. ]b Jbhs
ghs ji ug tiangth, tngjrnfhs qun rngjbr mungtis jn nsn tiangth. Mngtrâfhghs ng snr
nans mhg ah qun Jbhs ghs jâ. ]b Âa ghs ji ugis muigtis pnrshgis piri abjnrir, snifhs
nans ng jbrbcbr i nsn pnqunùh rndiùh. Muigjh ghs sbgtifhs tngtijhs i qunoirghs jn ah
jbkæmba qun ns abjnrir, h i ngvbjbir i htrhs, rnmhrjnfhs ais piaidris jn gunstrh ]nùhr i
\njrh? ‑… ¸quâ i tb8 ]æcunfn tÿ‖ (Og 49?44).
Ng mhgtristn mhg iqunaahs qun pnmirhg phr ai ngvbjbi, Ouig na Diutbsti fhstrý ug
mhrizýg jn ifhr. Muigjh ais fuatbtujns ah jnoirhg y mhfngzirhg i sncubr i Onsÿs, Ouig
\ 3= ¸Mýfh ghs iyuji
rnsphgjbý? ‑Gh punjn na `hfdrn rnmbdbr giji, sb gh an kunrn jijh jna mbnah‖ (Og =?43).
Ouig na Diutbsti i abjbir mhg Na ifhr ns knabz y icrijnmbjh phr ah qun Jbhs ji. Nvbti na pnmijh jn ai ngvbjbi5 ns jnmbr,
ai tngtimbýg jn ai ngvbjbi8 sn gbnci i mhjbmbir ah qun Jbhs ans ji i htrhs.
\ 3: ¸Mýfh phjnfhs Znrmnrh, nvbtifhs ai ngvbjbi muigjh mnandrifhs mhg iancræi y rnchmboh mhg htrhs
vngmnr ai ngvbjbi jigjh phr ais
ais dngjbmbhgns ans ji. ¸]n sbngtn itriæjh phr na mýgyucn, ai misi, na jbgnrh,
dngjbmbhgns qun Jbhs ans
crimbis8
ai phsbmbýg h na âxbth jn htri pnrshgi8 Jnan crimbis i Jbhs phr ais dngjbmbhgns qun
Âa an `i jijh. R rnchmæonsn jn qun Jbhs ans `iyi jijh crigjns dngjbmbhgns i htrhs.
Tnsæstisn i vhavnrsn mhjbmbhsh y i pngsir shah ng ustnj fbsfh. Jnspuâs jn thjh, htrhs
jbskrutig ais dngjbmbhgns jn Jbhs tigth mhfh ghshtrhs ais jbskrutifhs. \hjnfhs hptir
phr rnchmboirghs phr ais dngjbmbhgns qun htrhs rnmbdng. Muigjh an icrijnmnfhs i Jbhs
phr dngjnmbr i htrhs, ¡nvbtifhs dndnr na vngngh jn ai ngvbjbi! Ngmhgtrnfhs ng htrhs
dngjbmbhgns phr ais qun phjifhs iaidir i Jbhs. Tnchmboâfhghs phr iqunaahs i ahs qun
Jbhs kivhrnmn. Gh snifhs mhfh iacughs aæjnrns qun ngvbjbig y nxmauyng i ahs aæjnrns i
qubngns Jbhs ugcn fés. Fitnfhs ai ngvbjbi igtns jn qun nsti ghs fitn i ghshtrhs.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 ;>

]hkæi tridioidi irjuifngtn mhfh aæjnr. Naai jidi su tbnfph y ngnrcæi piri iyujir
i htrhs. Gh rnmbdæi fum`h jbgnrh, pnrh ah mhfpirtæi mhg htrhs muigjh phjæi. [bioidi
mhg ahs mrnyngtns oývngns piri nvigcnabzir. I vnmns vbioidi i pundahs rnfhths piri
ngsnùir imnrmi jn Onsÿs. Jurigtn nshs vbions jhrfæi ng ugi digmi jna tnfpah jurigtn \ 3> ¸Mýfh pujh
ai ghm`n, yi qun ahs `htnans nrig jnfisbijh mhsthshs. ^g iùh, ]hkæi y htrhs isbstbnrhg ]hkæi prhtncnr su mhrizýg jn
i ai mhgvngmbýg gimbhgia ng su piæs jn hrbcng. Kun jbkæmba piri naai muigjh htrhs gh ai ai ngvbjbi8

tuvbnrhg ng mungti. ]bg nfdirch, `udh fum`hs nahcbhs piri Ouig, qun pisthrnidi ugi
mhgcrncimbýg crigjn y rbmi jn ai mbujij. Ouig rnmbdbý `hgri ng virbis jn ais rnugbhgns.
¡Ai ngvbjbi pujh `idnr ngtrijh ng na mhrizýg jn ]hkæi! Jnspuâs jn thjh, ¡naai sn `idæi
simrbmijh fés qun Ouig! ¸Yuâ immbhgns phjæi thfir ]hkæi piri isncurirsn jn qun ai
ngvbjbi gh ngtriri ng su mhrizýg8
]b ]itigés ah tbngti mhg na vngngh jn ai ngvbjbi, dndi ug vish jn ifhr, nvbtn
mhfpirirsn mhg htrhs y jâ crimbis phr ais dngjbmbhgns qun Jbhs ans ji tigth i ustnj
mhfh i ahs jnfés.
Zirni? Nsti snfigi primtbqun muiaqubnri jn ais trns shaumbhgns fngmbhgijis igtns piri \ 3; Ng nsti snfigi
nvbtir ai ngvbjbi. Muigjh ustnj rncrnsn i ai maisn ai prýxbfi vnz, prnsngtn ug tnstbfhgbh phgci ng prémtbmi ai
ngsnùigzi jn nvbtir ai
imnrmi jn mýfh nvbtý ai ngvbjbi. ngvbjbi y aanvn i ai maisn ug
\ 33 ¸Muéans shg ais muitrh fignris ng ais qun na hrcuaah sn rnvnai8 tnstbfhgbh jn vbmthrbi.

Na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh5 ns `ufbajn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:).

Anmmbýg Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir na ifhr mhg muitrh ivns, mhg na rny ]iÿa, mhg Jbýtrnkns y mhg ]
]itigés.
itigés.
2 Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ais trns maivns piri qun na mhgmnpth jn sæ fbsfh sn mirimtnrbmn phr ai `ufbajij.
Hdontbvh M? Nxpabmir mýfh Onsÿs ns gunstrh crig nonfpah jn abjnrir mhg `ufbajij.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn nvbtir ai ngvbjbi, qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi
jnspuâs jn nstujbir ai anmmbýg 0.
\ 30 Mhfpantn ai curi 4.94 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh y qun
miji ugh ng jhs fbguths mhfpirti sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn imnrmi jn mýfh nvbtir ai ngvbjbi.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths qun nonfpabmi qun na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsth ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y jnspuâs su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn nvbtir ai ngvbjbi?

Kbcuri 4.94 Nonrmbmbh piri primtbmir mýfh nvbtir ai ngvbjbi

ngvbjbi ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
\ 32 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý mhg ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh8
 Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn ai ngvbjbi piri thji ai ma
maisn
isn
\ 0< ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 09 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 4.9= Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr, mhg âgkisbs ng nvbtir ai ngvbjbi.

;; Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

J. Na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh, gh sn ngvignmn (9 Mhrbgtbh

Mhrbgtbhss 9=?:).

Kbcuri 4.9: Muitrh ivns shg shg mhghmbjis

mhghmbjis pphr
hr su hrcuaah?
na ciaah, na pivh, na pivh rnia y na urhciaah nrbzijh.
\ 04 ¸Muéans shg ais Na ifhr punjn snr tig pimbngtn mhfh ugi thrtuci. \nrh gugmi migti i vhz ng munaah
muitrh ivns qun baustrig mhfh ug ciaah, gh sn pivhgni mhfh ug pivh, gh jnsai mhfh ug pivh rnia, gb prnsufn
na hrcuaah8
mhfh ug urhciaah nrbzijh. Iacughs mhrbgtbhs iairjnidig jn su sidbjuræi fugjigi
\ 0= ¸Jn quâ sn (9 Mh 9?90-=9), jn su prhspnrbjij (9 Mh :?90-49), jn su abdnrtij nspbrbtuia (9 Mh 0) y jn
oimtidig iacughs mhrbgtbhs8
mhrbgtbhs8 sus jhgns nspbrbtuians (9 Mh 94). Zhji nsti oimtigmbi rnvnaidi ugi kiati jn ifhr, phrqun
\ 0: ¸Yuâ rnvnai
na ifhr gh prnsufn. Oimtirghs jn ghshtrhs fbsfhs ns mhfh shstngnr ug antrnrh qun jbmn?
ai oimtigmbi8 ‑Fn kiati ifhr‖ h ‑shy kigkirrýg mhfh ug pivh‖. ^gi pnrshgi hrcuaahsi `idai fum`h
y nsmum`i phmh. Iacugis vnmns na hrcuaah sn figbnsti ng ai mrætbmi `imbi htrhs. Ais
pnrshgis hrcuaahsis
hrcuaahsis punjng `imnr nsth tritigjh jn ipirngtir vnrsn fnohr. \nrh iqunaahs
qun aigzig dirrh tbngng ais fighs sumbis.
\ 0> Mhfpantn ai curi 4.9> shdrn ahs vnrsæmuahs kivhrbths imnrmi jna ifhr qun gh ns
oimtigmbhsh gb sn ngvignmn.
Znxths ]us rnsÿfngns
\r 43?4
9 Mh 9?=9
9 Mh 0?9
9 Mh 9=?:
Kba 4?>
]tc :?;
Kbcuri 4.9> \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs vnrsæmuahs kivhrbths shdrn na ifhr qun gh ns oimtigmbhsh gb sn ngvignmn.
Ahs vnrsæmuahs kivhrbths shdrn na ifhr sbg oimtigmbi gb hrcuaah shg?
Kbcuri 4.9; I jbknrngmbi • ‑Iaédntn na nxtriù
nxtriùh,
h, y gh tu pr
prhpbi
hpbi dhmi5 na iiongh,
ongh, y gh ahs
jna pnz cahdh qun nxpigjn aidbhs tuyhs‖ (\r 43?4).
43?4).
virbis vnmns su tifiùh • ‑Na qun sn cahr
cahræi,
æi, cahræns
cahrænsnn ng na ]nùhr‖ (9 Mh 9?=9).
9?=9).
ghrfia
jn y nsté
vngngh, siturijh
na ifhr gh ns • ‑Na mhghmbfbngth
mhghmbfbngth ngvignmn, pnrh na ifhr njbmi‖ (9 Mh 0?9). 0?9).
hrcuaahsh gb sn icbcigti.; ]ni `ufbajn. \nrfbti qun su mhgmnpth jn sæ fbsfh sni prnmbsh,
gh jnfisbijh iath (Th 94?=-;).
\ 0; ¸Mýfh an rnsphgjn ‑Jbch, puns, phr ai crimbi qun fn ns jiji, i miji muia qun nsté ngtrn vhshtrvhshtrhs,
hs,
Jbhs ia hrcuaahsh8 qun gh tngci fés iath mhgmnpth jn sæ qun na qun jndn tngnr, sbgh qun pbngsn
jn sæ mhg mhrjuri, mhgkhrfn i ai fnjbji jn kn qun Jbhs rnpirtbý i miji ugh‖
94?=).
(Th 94?=).
Ng Thfighs 94?=-0, \idah nsmrbdn imnrmi jn ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians (crbnch?
m`irbsfiti).
m`irbsfiti ). Gunstrhs jhgns y `idbabjijns punjng snr ugi kungtn jn hrcuaah y jbvbsbýg.
Tnmunrjn qun \idah ans nsmrbdbý i ahs rhfighs jnsjn Mhrbgth. Iac Iacughs
ughs mrnyngtns mhrbgtbhs
sn sngtæig hrcuaahshs phrqun `idaidig ng angcuis. Ais pnrshgis mirgians sn mhfpirig
mhg htrhs. \nrh \idah cuæi i ahs mrnyngtns i gh sngtbrsn fiyhrns gb fnghrns qun htrhs.
Ri sni qun ugi pnrshgi sni dioi h iati, oujæi h cngtba, rbmi h phdrn, prhknti h jbémhgh,
 thjhs jndnfhs
pnrh gunstrhs snr gugmi
jhgns `ufbajns
gu . Nssnrvnrjij
gmi jndng qun tngnfhs
ug fhtbvh jbknrngtns jhgns nspbrbtuians,
jn hrcuaah.
hrcuaah.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 ;3

\idah ns ug dung nonfpah jn ugi pnrshgi `ufbajn. Jbhs an jbh crigjns jhgns y ug
fbgbstnrbh krumtæknrh. \idah shdrnsiaæi ngtrn ahs ipýsthans. Iug isæ, rnmunrjn ai fignri
mhfh \idah sn rnknræi i sæ fbsfh y i su fbgbstnrbh. ‑I fæ, qun shy fnghs qun na fés
pnqunùh jn thjhs ahs sigths, fn kun jiji nsti crimbi jn igugmbir ngtrn ahs cngtbans na \ 03 ¸Yuâ imtbtuj jn
nvigcnabh jn ais bgnsmrutidans rbqunzis jn Mrbsth…‖ (Nk =?0). Bficægnsn i \idah, mhg \idah jndnfhs bfbtir8
ais fighs shdrn na pnm`h, fbngtris jbmn? ‑¡Fn kun jiji nsti crimbi!‖. ‑I fæ, qun shy (Nk =?0) Nxpabqun.
fnghs qun na fés pnqunùh jn thjhs‖.
thjhs‖ . ‑Fnghs‖ ns fnghs viabhsh, na ÿatbfh ng ai absti.
\nrh \idah sn sngtæi iÿg fnghr qun nstn. Isæ qun, âa mrný ugi gunvi piaidri (crbnch?
naixbsthtnrhs
naixbsthtnrhs?? fnghsMuigjh
Gunvh Znstifngth. qun na fægbfh). Nsti `imbi
\idah fbridi piaidriitrés
crbnci ipirnmn
ng su shahâa ugi
pisijh, vnz ng na
sn ngtrbstnmæi
phr ai fignri mhfh `idæi pnrsncubjh i ai bcansbi. Nstidi ivnrchgzijh jn sus pnmijhs
pisijhs. Jn thjis ais pnrshgis jn ai mhgcrncimbýg
mhgcrncimbýg,, âa sn sngtæi na fnghs jbcg
jbcghh jn rnmb
rnmbdbr
dbr
ai crimbi. Iug isæ, Jbhs ah nsmhcbý piri qun prnjbmiri ais bgnsmrutidans rbqunzis ng
Mrbsth. Bficægnsn ais rbqunzis, ahs tnshrhs y ais dngjbmbhgns ng Mrbsth, fés igm`hs qun ug
hmâigh, jnfisbijh ifpabhs piri nsmujrbùirahs. Ais rbqunzis ng Mrbsth shg bgmiamuaidans,
sn nxtbngjng sbg krhgtnris fés iaaé jna ugbvnrsh. ¸I qubâg nsmhcnré Jbhs piri prnjbmir
nstis vistis rbqunzis8 ¸Yubâg ns jbcgh jn snfnoigtn `hghr8 Jbhs nsmhcbý i \idah. R
tifdbâg ghs `i nsmhcbjh i ustnj y i fæ piri mhfpirtbr nstis rbqunzis ng Mrbsth Onsÿs
mhg htrhs. Isæ qun, snifhs `ufbajns y nans mhg nstn crig `hghr qun Jbhs ghs `i jijh.
Bficægnsn, ¡Jbhs ghs `i nsmhcbjh piri qun mhfpirtifhs nstis rbqunzis bgnsmrutidans
mhg na pnrjbjh! Ng ugi hmisbýg ug `hfdrn an prncugtý i ug prnjbmijhr? ‑¸\hr quâ Jbhs
nsmhcbý i Oujis8‖ Na prnjbmijhr an mhgtnstý? ‑Nsi ns ugi prncugti jbkæmba. \nrh punjh
`imnran ugi prncugti iÿg fés jbkæmba? ‑¸\hr quâ Jbhs fn nsmhcbý i fæ8‖. 3
\idah ghs ijvbnrtn qun gh snifhs jnfisbijh crigjns igtn gunstrhs prhpbhs hohs (gb
jnfisbijh pnqunùhs). \hr na mhgtrirbh, muigjh ghs fnjbfhs, jndnfhs tngnr ng fngtn
trns mhsis.
• Crimbi. \rbfnr
\rbfnrhh, jndnfhs rnmhrjir qun thjh ah qun tngnfhs prhvbngn jn ai crimbi \ 00 ¸Mýfh punjng ai
qun Jbhs ghs ji. \idah rnsiati nsth muigjh âa, ug ipýstha, jbmn? ‑Jbch, puns, phr ai crimbi y ai kn snr ugi kungtn
jn `ufbajij8
crimbi qun fn ns jiji, i miji muia qun nsté ngtrn vhshtrvhshtrhs,
hs, qun gh tngci fés iath
mhgmnpth jn sæ qun na qun jndn tngnr…‖ (Th 94?=i). Hdsnrvn na âgkisbs jn \idah ng
ai crimbi. \idah nri ipýstha phr ai crimbi jn Jbhs. Igtnrbhrfngtn, âa nsmrbdbý imnrmi
jn sæ fbsfh? ‑phr qubng rnmbdbfhs ai crimbi y na iphsthaijh‖ (Th 9?>5 tifdbâg
Th 9>?9>-9;). Nstis piaidris ghs rnmunrjig htrh pision ng na qun \idah nsmrbdbý?
‑\hrqun ¸qubâg tn jbstbgcun8 ¸H quâ tbngns qun gh `iyis rnmbdbjh8 R sb ah
rnmbdbstn, ¸phr quâ tn cahræis mhfh sb gh ah `udbnris rnmbdbjh8‖ (9 Mh :?3).
rnmbdbstn, :?3).
\unsth qun thjhs ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians ahs rnmbdbfhs phr crimbi, gbgcugh jn ghshtrhs
punjn ai
sncÿg oimtirsn
crimbijnqun
ahsghs
ghjhgns qun tngnfhs.
s ns jiji…‖ ‑Jn fignri qun, tngbngjh jbknrngtns jhgns,
(Th 94?;).
• Kn. ]ncugjh
]ncugjh,, \idah ngkitbzi qun ns Jbhs qubng ghs ji ugi fnjbji jn kn ‑…qun \ 02 ¸Ng quâ sn pirnmn
gh tngci fés iath mhgmnpth jn sæ qun na qun jndn tngnr, sbgh qun pbngsn jn sæ mhg gunstri kn i ai auz jn ai augi8
mhrjuri, mhgkhrfn i ai fnjbji jn kn qun Jbhs rnpirtbý i miji ugh‖ (Th 94?=).
Jbhs ji ai crimbi y ai kn. Ahs nrujbths jbnrng ng muigth ia sbcgbmijh jn ai fnjbji
jn kn.
kn. Iacughs pbngsig qun, ng Thfighs 94?=, fnjbji (jna crbnch? fntrhg fntrhg)) jn kn,
sbcgbmi qun Jbhs an ji i miji mrnyngtn ai fbsfi migtbjij jn kn. Htrhs hdsnrvig
0

qun iacughs tbngng fés kn qun htrhs (9 Mh 9=?45 Ft 0?9<). Nsths mbtig Thfighs 9:,
qun mhgtristi i ahs jâdbans ng ai kn mhg ahs kunrtns ng ai kn. \nrh na pugth bfphrtigtn
ng Thfighs 94?= gh ns ai migtbjij jn kn qun ug mrnyngtn tngci sbgh ai kungtn jn ai
kn? Jbhs. Muiaqubnri qun sni ai kn qun tngcifhs, Jbhs ghs ai jbh. Nxiatnfhs i Jbhs
y gh i ghshtrhs fbsfhs. Ai augi gh tbngn auz prhpbi, sbgh qun shaifngtn rnnoi ai
auz jna sha. Jna fbsfh fhjh, ai ÿgbmi crimbi y kn qun ghshtrhs tngnfhs shg ais qun
Jbhs ghs ji.
;0 Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

\ 2< ¸Mýfh ns qun • ^g munrph. ^gi tnrmnri cuæi `imbi ai `ufbajij ns gunstri rnaimbýg mhg na munrph jn
gunstri rnaimbýg mhg na Mrbsth. Ng ug munrph `ufigh, thjhs ahs fbnfdrhs jnpngjng ughs jn ahs htrhs. Na hoh
munrph jn Mrbsth ghs gnmnsbti jna pbn y ai figh gnmnsbti jn ai midnzi. \idah ngsnùý nsth ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 94.
`imn `ufbajns8
R usi nsti baustrimbýg jn ug munrph ng Thfighs 94?=-0. Ng ug munrph, ahs fbnfdrhs
sn gnmnsbtig ughs i htrhs y sn pnrtngnmng
ughs i htrhs. ^g munrph gnmnsbti pbns
piri mifbgir, hohs piri vnr, hæjhs piri
nsmum`ir, jbngtns piri fistbmir,
puafhgns piri rnspbrir y ug mhrizýg

pirimunrph,
ug dhfdnir sigcr
sigcrn.
pnrh n. @iy`iy
tifdbâg jbvnrsbjij ng
ugbjij. Ri
sni qun sn tritn jna munrph kæsbmh h
nspbrbtuia, ghs gnmnsbtifhs ughs i htrhs
y ghs pnrtngnmnfhs ughs i htrhs. \hr ah
tigth, tngcifhs ugi imtbtuj `ufbajn,
iprnmbégjhghs i ghshtrhs fbsfhs y i
ahs jnfés. Ng ug munrph, gh `iy cunrri
ngtrn sus fbnfdrhs. 2
\idah ghs bgsti i gh ngcrigjnmnrghs igtn
gunstrhs prhpbhs hohs. Gh snifhs mhfh na
cith qun sn fbridi ng ug nspnoh y pngsidi
\ 29 ¸Yubâgns shg
qun nri ug anýg. Gh ghs pirnzmifhs ia isgh
iacugis jn ais pnrshgis jn qun pngsý qun ais fuatbtujns ah imaifidig i âa y gh i Onsÿs, qubng ah fhgtidi. Z
Zifphmh
ifphmh
ais qun ustnj jnpngjn8 mhfh na ciaah qun pngsidi qun nri su migth ah qun miusidi
qun siabnri na sha. Tnmunrjn qun bgmaush ahs fnohrns itantis
jn ug nqubph krimisiræig sbg ahs htrhs oucijhrns qun ans
iyujig. R i ahs fnohrns nstujbigtns, htri pnrshgi ans
ngsnùi thjh. Ahs mhmbgnrhs jnpngjng jn ahs crigonrhs y
ahs crigonrhs jnpngjng jn ahs mhmbgnrhs. Ahs `hfdrns
jnpngjng jn ais fuonrns y ais fuonrns jn ahs `hfdrns.
Ghs gnmnsbtifhs ahs ughs i ahs htrhs. ‑Jbch, puns, phr
ai crimbi qun fn ns jiji, i miji muia qun nsté ngtrn
vhshtrhs,
vhshtrh s, qun gh tngci fés iath mhgmnpth jn sæ qun na qun
jndn tngnr, sbgh qun pbngsn jn sæ mhg mhrjuri, mhgkhrfn i
ai fnjbji jn kn qun Jbhs rnpirtbý i miji ugh‖ (Th 94?=).
Jbhs nsmhcbý i ]iÿa muigjh âa nri pnqunùh igtn sus
prhpbhs hohs.
hohs. Ng ssus
us prbfnrhs jæis mhfh prbfnr rny ``ufigh
ufigh
jn Bsrina, ]iÿa nri tig `ufbajn qun sn nsmhgjæi ngtrn na
\ 24 ]iÿa nri ugi
dicion. Âa nri tig `ufbajn mhfh ugi pnrshgi qun gh ah fbri i ustnj i ahs hohs muigjh
an `idai. Fbngtris qun na rny ]iÿa nri `ufbajn, Jbhs phjæi usirah (9 ] 9>?93). \nrh ahs
pnrshgi `ufbajn5 pnrh, ¸quâ
ah mhrrhfpbý tigth qun aancý i prbvbancbhs, na phjnr y ai phsbmbýg prhgth mif
mifdbirhg
dbirhg i ]iÿa y jnoý jn snr `ufbajn piri
sngtbrsn mhfh ug écubai ng na mhgvnrtbrsn ng irrhcigtn. Na jæi ng qun âa sn nghrcuaanmbý jn sus jhgns, Jbhs nsmhcbý
gbjh jn ug chrrbýg8 i htrh piri qun kunri na gunvh aæjnr (9 ] 9=?9=-9:). Ahs prnjbmijhrns oývngns jndng
\ 2= ¸Muégjh nsmhcbý
mubjirsn jna hrcuaah. ‑Gh sni qun ngvignmbâgjhsn mibci ng ai mhgjngimbýg jna jbidah‖
Jbhs i ]iÿa8 ¸\hr quâ (9 Zb =?;). Giji mhrrhfpn tigth mhfh na âxbth. R na âxbth idshauth ns idshauti mhrrupmbýg.
ah rnm`izý8 Isæ mhfh na âxbth mhrrhfpbý i ]iÿa, tifdbâg mhrrhfpbý i Bsrina.
\ 2: ¸Muéans shg Ipabmimbýg. ¸@iy iacÿg tridioh qun `imnr ng ai mhgcrncimbýg8 Gh sbngti qun ustnj ns
iacugis nxprnsbhgns jn jnfisbijh dungh piri `imnrah. Gh sn sbngti tig hrcuaahsh mhfh piri gh iyujir. ¸@iy
hrcuaah qun sn jndng nvbtir
ng su muaturi8
iacugi kifbabi phdrn ng ai mhgcrncimbýg h ng ai mhfugbjij8 Gh sn sbngti jnfisbijh
imiujiaijh h jnfisbijh njumijh mhfh piri `idairans, sngtirsn mhg naahs y `imnrsn
ifbch jn naahs.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 ;2

Gbgcÿg mrnyngtn jndnræi fnghsprnmbir i htrh. Miji ugh tbngn ug jhg jn pirtn jn
Jbhs. R miji jhg ns bfphrtigtn piri na dbngnstir jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. \hr mhgsbcubngtn,
ahs mrnyngtns gugmi jndng pngsir qun shg fnohrns qun htrhs. R ahs mrnyngtns gugmi
jndng pngsir qun shg fnghs bfphrtigtns qun htrhs mrnyngtns. 9< Nsth ns ah qun qubnrn
jnmbr? ‑pbngsn jn sæ mhg mhrjuri‖ (Th 94?=). Na ifhr gh sn vn i sæ fbsfh jnfisbijh
iath, gb jnfisbijh dioh, sbgh ng ai fnjbji mhrrnmti, jn imunrjh mhg ai sidbjuræi jn
gunstrh Mrnijhr.
@iy jbknrngtns fignris jn fhstrir ug nspærbtu oimtigmbhsh u hrcuaahsh. Iacugis \ 2> ¸Yuâ sn rnvnai ia
vnmns ais pnrshgis prnsufng y `idaig jn ah cngbians qun shg. ]n pirnmng i ug pivh rnia bgtnrrufpbr i htrhs8
fim`h qun nxtbngjn sus mhahrbjis paufis, pivhgnégjhsn y `imbngjh rubjh piri aaifir
ai itngmbýg. Na hrcuaah punjn dusmir na mngtrh jna nsmngirbh. Htris vnmns na hrcuaah sn
figtbngn i jbstigmbi. Mhg ahs drizhs mruzijhs y na fngtýg ng iath, jbmn sbangmbhsifngtn?
‑¡Rh shy fnohr qun tÿ!‖. Ghs rnmunrji ia kirbsnh qun ‑hridi mhgsbch fbsfh jn nsti
fignri? Jbhs, tn jhy crimbis phrqun gh shy mhfh ahs htrhs `hfdrns, aijrhgns, bgousths,
ijÿatnrhs,
ijÿatnr hs, gb iug mhfh nstn pudabmigh…‖ (Am 90?99). Na hrcuaah tifdbâg sn figbnsti
ia bgtnrrufpbr i htrhs. Bgtnrrufpbr, ng aucir jn nsmum`ir jnfunstri qun ugi pnrshgi
pbngsi jnfisbijh ng sæ fbsfi y fuy phmh ng ahs jjnfés.
nfés. Jn bcuia fignri, ais pnrshgis
hrcuaahsis mrbtbmig i ahs jnfés piri vnrsn fnohrns. Iacugis vnmns gh pnrmbdbfhs gunstrh
hrcuaah. \nrh ia bcuia qun ais pnrshgis sn ianoig jna fia hahr, tbngjng i ianoirsn jn ugi
pnrshgi hrcuaahsi.
hrcuaahsi.
Nvbtn ahs nrrhrns jn Jbýtrnkns, ug aæjnr mirgia y ifdbmbhsh (= Og 2-99).
2
‑Rh `n nsmrbth i ai bcansbi5 pnrh Jbýtrnkns, ia muia an custi tngnr na prbfnr aucir
ngtrn naahs, gh ghs rnmbdn. 9< \hr nsti miusi, sb yh kunrn, rnmhrjirâ
rnmhrjirâ ais hdris qun
`imn pirahtnigjh mhg piaidris fiabcgis mhgtri ghshtrhs5 y gh mhgtngth mhg \ 2; Ng vnz jn ifir
nstis mhsis, gh rnmbdn i ahs `nrfighs, y i ahs qun qubnrng rnmbdbrahs
rnmbdbrahs sn ah prh`ædn, i ais pnrshgis, ¸quâ
y ahs nxpuasi jn ai bcansbi. Ifijh, gh bfbtns ah fiah, sbgh ah dungh. Na qun `imn
99 ifidi Jbýtrnkns8
ah dungh ns jn Jbhs5 pnrh na qun `imn ah fiah, gh `i vbsth i Jbhs‖ (= Og 2-99).2-99).
Ciyh sbrvbý mhg ug mhrizýg `ufbajn5 phr htrh aijh, tngnfhs i Jbýtrnkns. Ouig \ 23 ¸Jn quâ mbgmh
gh fngmbhgi su phsbmbýg. Yubzés Jbýtrnkns nri ug pisthr ahmia. Tnmunrjn qun, ng ai fignris fhstrý Jbýtrnkns
su irrhcigmbi8
bcansbi prbfbtbvi, gh `idæi shaifngtn ug pisthr ng ugi mhgcrncimbýg, sbgh fés dbng
ug cruph jn igmbighs. Iacughs pbngsig qun Ciyh y Jbýtrnkns pujbnrhg `idnr sbjh
igmbighs h aæjnrns jn ai fbsfi mhgcrncimbýg. \iri na sbcah BB, ipirnmbý ug gunvh
sbstnfi jn chdbnrgh nmansbéstbmh, fnjbigtn na muia
ug igmbigh sn mhgvnrtæi ng aæjnr shdrn ahs jnfés.
Iacughs pbngsig qun Jbýtrnkns kun na prbfnr aæjnr
fngmbhgijh ng na Gunvh Znstifngth ng nstn gunvh
*fhghnpbsmhpia.
sbstnfi *fhghnpbsmhpia
9 9) An custidi tngnr na prbfnr aucir5

4 4) rnm`izidi ai iuthrbjij jn Ouig5

= =) miaufgbidi i Ouig5
: :) rnm`izidi i ahs fngsionrhs qun Ouig rnmhfngjidi (nrig muapidans phr ishmbimbýg)5
> >) rnm`izidi i thjhs ahs mrnyngtns qun iyujidig i ahs dunghs fbsbhgnrhs i qubngns
Ouig iprhdidi.
Kbcuri 4.92 Mbgmh pnmijhs jn Jbýtrnkns qun sn nxtbngjng jnsjn ug mngtrh?
9) an custidi tngnr na prbfnr aucir5 4) rnm`izidi ai iuthrbjij jn Ouig5 =) miaufgbidi
i Ouig5 :) rnm`izidi i ahs fngsionrhs qun Ouig rnmhfngjidi (nrig muapidans
phr ishmbimbýg)5 >) rnm`izidi i thjhs ahs mrnyngtns qun iyujidig i ahsa hs dunghs
fbsbhgnrhs i qubngns Ouig iprhdidi.
Na pnmijh prbgmbpia jn Jbýtrnkns kun na hrcuaah5 an custidi snr na prbfnrh. ‑Rh `n \ 20 ¸Muéa kun na
nsmrbth i ai bcansbi5 pnrh Jbýtr
Jbýtrnkns,
nkns, ia muia an custi tngnr na prbfnr aucir ngtrn naahs, gh prbfnr pnmijh jn Jbýtrnkns8
Nxpaæqunah.
ghs rnmbdn‖ (= Og 2).

3< Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

Jbýtrnkns qunræi na phjnr thtia shdrn ai mhgcrncimbýg. Âa pngsidi jnfisbijh ng sæ

fbsfh. ]n mrnæi jnfisbijh crigjn. Na hrcuaah jnkhrfý i ug égcna cahrbhsh ng na jbidah.
Na hrcuaah `bzh jn ]itigés ah qun ns `hy. Âa qunræi fés phjnr, prnstbcbh y phsbmbýg jn ahs
qun Jbhs an jbh, phr ah qun bjný ugi fignri jn iprhpbirsn jn naahs. Âa qunræi nstir ng na
fbsfh gbvna jn Jbhs (Bs 9:?9:). Mhfh rnsuatijh, Onsÿs ‑vnæi i ]itigés minr jna mbnah
mhfh ug riyh‖ (Am 9<?90). ‑Igtns jna qundrigtifbngth ns ai shdnrdbi, y igtns jn ai
miæji ai iatbvnz jn nspærbtu‖ (\r 9;?90). Jbýtrnkns qunræi snr na gÿfnrh ugh y gh qunræi
 shfntnrsn i gijbn, gb sbqubnri ia ÿatbfh ipýstha vbvh. Hrcuaah? nstn kun na prbfnr pnmijh
jn Jbýtrnkns y ns ai riæz jn thjhs sus htrhs pnmijhs. Âa imtuý mhfh na `boh jn ]itigés qun
sn hphgn, bgmaush, ia Jbhs Zhjhphjnrhsh.
\ 22 ¸Yuâ kimbabtý qun Mhfh ug rny h ug jbmtijhr, Jbýtrnkns qunræi snr na aæjnr prbgmbpia. An custidi tngnr
Ouig ngtngjbnri i Jbýtrnkns8 ‑na prbfnr aucir ngtrn naahs‖ (= Og 2). Nsth ghs rnmunrji mýfh nri na ipýstha Ouig ng sus
bgbmbhs. Tnmunrjn qun Oimhdh y Ouig qunræig sngtirsn ng trhghs i ai jnrnm`i y i ai bzqubnrji
jn Onsÿs ng na Tnbgh (Fr 9<?=35 Ft 4<?4<-4=). Nsth punjn pirnmnrghs nxtriùh, pnrh ahs
bsrinabtis nstidig imhstufdrijhs i ahs rnyns y i ug rnbgh. Onsÿs imididi jn jnmbrans i ahs
ipýsthans qun ng na Tnbgh sn sngtiræig shdrn jhmn trhghs mhg Âa (Ft 92?40). R punsth qun
\njrh, Oimhdh y Ouig nrig ahs trns ipýsthans fés mnrmighs i Onsÿs, ans `idræi custijh tngnr
trhghs jn phjnr mnrmi jn Âa. Ouig, ng mbnrti fnjbji, mhfh Jbýtrnkns, ugi vnz qubsh nstir
ng ai mbfi. I Ouig an kun kémba mhfprngjnr ai pnrspnmtbvi mirgia jn Jbýtrnkns phrqun âa
fbsfh, ng ugi hmisbýg, aum`ý mhg nsti jndbabjij. R qubzés thjhs ghshtrhs, ng ug fhfngth
u htrh, pngsifhs jnfisbijh ng ghshtrhs fbsfhs. Ng mhgtristn, Onsÿs ns gunstrh nonfpah
jn sbnrvh. Ia sncubr su nonfpah, primtbmifhs ai `ufbajij y shfhs ahs prbfnrhs ng snrvbrans
i htrhs (Og 9=?94-935 Ft 4<?4:-405 Kba 4?;-0). R ig`naifhs qun Jbhs sni na prbfnrh.
\ 9<< ¸Ai fiyhræi jn Ipabmimbýg. Na pnmijh prbgmbpia jn Jbýtrnkns iÿg pnrjuri. @iy fum`is mhgcrncimbhgns
ais mhgcrncimbhgns tbngng ng ais muians ugi pnrshgi imtÿi mhfh na crig onkn. Gufnrhsis bcansbis shg chdnrgijis
ugi pnrshgi mhfh Jbýtrnkns8
Nxpabqun.
phr ug onkn pivh rnia, ugi idnoi rnbgi h ugi jbgistæi kifbabir
kifbabir.. Nxbstng fum`is htris
jbrbcbjis phr ¡vhmns nstrbjngtns, phr pnrshgiabjijns kunrtns y phr ifngizis jn phjnr!
Iuthnviaÿnsn. Na mhfphrtifbngth gh mrbstbigh nxbcn ug ngkhqun h ug rnngkhqun ng
Onsÿs. ‑…na qun `imn ah fiah, gh `i vbsth i Jbhs‖ (= Og 9?99). UZ UZbnfph
bnfph pisijh pnrknmth
ng crbnch? gh vn i Jbhs i`hri, mhfh rnsuatij
rnsuatijhh jn ah qun vbh ng na pisijhV.
Hrnfhs piri qun Jbhs ghs jâ ai sidbjuræi piri bjngtbmir muiaqubnr snfbaai jn
hrcuaah ng gunstri vbji y rnnfpaizirai mhg ifhr y `ufbajij. Igtns jn ai `hgri, vbngn
ai `ufbajij y ‑igtns jn ai miæji ai iatbvnz jn nspærbtu‖ (\r 9;?90). ¸]n `i prncugtijh
iacugis vnmns phr quâ mbnrtis bcansbis shg phjnrhsis ng ugi cngnrimbýg pnrh jâdbans
ng ai sbcubngtn8 Na ]nùhr jnrrbdi ai misi jna iatbvh. Jbhs jntnsti na hrcuaah. Ah hjbi
phrqun Âa sn fnrnmn thji ai cahrbi, gh ghshtrhs. ¸@iy iacugi rnmhfpngsi phr snr ai
tbgti bfprnsi ng ugi pécbgi8 ¸]n punjn ustnj bficbgir i ug izijýg oimtégjhsn phr
`idnr prhjumbjh ugi idugjigtn mhsnm`i jn pipis8 ¡Idsurjh! Ai tbgti y na izijýg shg
shaifngtn bgstrufngths. R ghshtrhs tifdbâg.
\ 9<9 ¸Mýfh ¸Mýfh ns ugi pnrshgi `ufbajn8 Iacugis pnrshgis pbngsig qun sb ustnj ns `ufbajn
phjnfhs rnmhghmnr i ugi
pnrshgi `ufbajn8
jndn bgmabgir ai midnzi mhfh qun sb nstuvbnri ivnrchgzijh, h dbng, jir pnqunùhs pishs,
susurrir y nsmhgjnrsn ng ug rbgmýg. Htrhs jbmng qun ai `ufbajij sbcgbmi phdrnzi.
Giji jn nsth ns vnrjij. Na ifhr `ufbajn phgn i ahs jnfés prbfnrh. Ai `ufbajij ji
\ 9<4 ¸\hr quâ jnsbgtnrnsijifngtn, pnrh tifdbâg rnmbdn mhg critbtuj. Na ifhr `ufbajn gh sn ji ai cahrbi
jndnfhs jiran thjh na mrâjbth gb ai iaidigzi i sæ fbsfh, sbgh qun sn cahræi ng na ]nùhr y ng su dhgjij (9 Mh 9?=9).
y thji ai cahrbi i Jbhs8
Na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh, sbgh qun fés dbng njbmi i htrhs (9 Mh 0?9). Na ifhr gh ns
hrcuaahsh. Gh sn ngvignmn. Ng na ]iafh 4=, Jivbj ghs rnmunrji qun Jbhs sn fnrnmn thjh
na mrâjbth. ‑UÂaV fn `iré jnsmigsir5 UÂaV fn pisthrniré, UÂaV fn cubiré, phr ifhr jn
su ghfdrn,
ghfdrn, tÿ nstirés mhgfbch, tu viri y tu miyijh‖
miyijh‖.. Gh ns phr na ifhr jn fb ghfdrn5
sbgh, jn su ghfdrn. Zhjh ah qun `imnfhs ns piri ai cahrbi jn Jbhs. Âa sn fnrnmn na
mrâjbth, gh phrqun Âa ah gnmnsbtn, sbgh phrqun ¡shah Âa sn ah fnrnmn! 99

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 39

Onsÿs ns gunstrh crig nonfpah jn abjnrir mhg `ufbajij, gh mhg hrcuaah.

=
‑Giji `icébs phr mhgtbngji h phr vigicahrbi5 igtns dbng mhg `ufbajij,
nstbfigjh miji ugh i ahs jnfés mhfh supnrbhrns i âa fbsfh5 : gh fbrigjh miji
ugh phr ah suyh prhpb
prhpbh,
h, sbgh miji muia tifdbâg phr ah jn ahs htrhs. > @iyi, puns, \ 9<= ¸Mýfh ns Onsÿs
gunstrh crig nonfpah jn
ng vhshtrhs nstn sngtbr qun `udh tifdbâg ng Mrbsth Onsÿs, ; na muia, sbngjh ng khrfi abjnrir mhg `ufbajij8
jn Jbhs, gh nstbfý na snr bcuia i Jbhs mhfh mhsi i qun iknrrirsn, 3 sbgh qun sn
jnsphoý i sæ fbsfh, thfigjh khrfi jn sbnrvh, `nm`h snfnoigtn i ahs `hfdr `hfdrns5
ns5 0 y
nstigjh ng ai mhgjbmbýg jn `hfdrn, sn `ufbaaý i sæ fbsfh, `imbâgjhsn hdnjbngtn
`isti ai funrtn, y funrtn jn mruz. 2 \hr ah muia Jbhs tifdbâg an nxiatý `isti ah
sufh, y an jbh ug ghfdrn qun ns shdrn thjh ghfdrn,
ghfdrn, 9< piri qun ng na ghfdrn jn
Onsÿs sn jhdan thji rhjbaai
rhjbaai jn ahs qun nstég ng aahs
hs mbnahs, y ng ai tbnrri, y jndioh
jn ai tbnrri5 y thji angcui mhgnsn qun Onsumrbsth ns na ]nùhr,
99
]nùhr, piri cahrbi jn
 \ijrn. 94 \hr tigth, ifijhs fæhs,
Jbhs \ijrn. fæhs, mhfh sbnfprn
sbnfprn `idâbs
`idâbs hdnjnmbj
hdnjnmbjh,
h, gh mhfh
ng fb prnsngmbi shaifngtn, sbgh fum`h fés i`hri ng fb iusngmbi, hmupihs ng
vunstri siavimbýg mhg tnfhr y tnfdahr…‖ (Kba 4?=-94).
4?=-94).
Zirni? \rimtbqun ai `ufbajij ng ahs prýxbfhs jæis. Ai prýxbfi vnz qun viyi i ai \ 9<: ¸Muéans shg
maisn, prnsngtn ug tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn mýfh ustnj u htrhs nvbtig na hrcuaah y primtbmig iacugis fignris ng ais qun
ustnj punjn primtbmir ai
ai `ufbajij phr fnjbh jna snrvbmbh.
`ufbajij nsti snfigi8

Anmmbýg Na ifhr gh `imn giji bgjndbjh, (gh sn mhfphrti mhg rujnzi) gh dusmi ah
suyh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
9< Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir iacughs nonfpahs jn rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi y ng ai vbji.
Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ais khrfis jn snr mhrtnsns ng su muaturi y ais fignris jn nvbtir ai rujnzi.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh jn mýfh pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi ai `ufbajij jnspuâs jn
nstujbir ai anmmbýg 2
\ 9<> Mhfpantn ai curi 4.4< igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Dusqun ug mhfpiùnrh y qun miji
ugh ng jhs fbguths nxpabqun sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn nvbtir ai irrhcigmbi.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths qun nonfpabmi qun na ifhr ns `ufbajn
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsth ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh y jnspuâs su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi)

Dngnmbh phr nvbtir na hrcuaah?

Kbcuri 4.4< \rimtbmir ai `ufbajij ng ai vbji (jhs fbgu

fbguths).
ths).
\ 9<; ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj mhg ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis jn qun na ifhr ns `ufbajn piri thji ai maisn
\ 9<3 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 9<0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 4.49 Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng ai `ufbajij.

34 Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

N. Na ifhr gh `imn giji bgjndbjh, (g (gh

h sn mhfphrti mhg rujnzi)
(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>)
^gi pnrshgi ruji ns mruna, jnsmhrtâs, jnsmhgsbjnriji y nchæsti. Aifngtidanfngtn, ai
rujnzi ns fuy mhfÿg. ]n nsmhgjn dioh ai nxmusi jn? ‑Rh tngch fbs jnrnm`hs, ngthgmns,
punjh nxprnsir fbs krustrimbhgns jn ai fignri ng qun ah sbngti‖. Iacughs nxprnsig su
\ 9<2 ¸Mýfh sn nghoh ng pÿdabmh sbg rnfhrjbfbngth. Nfpuoig i htrhs i ug aijh ng ug iuthdÿs aangh jn
nxprnsi ai rujnzi8 cngtn. Bgsuatig mhg piaidris juris, icujis y jnsmhrtnsns. Bgtnrrufpng i ais pnrshgis.
Iacugis vnmns ahs mrnyngtns shfhs rujhs ng gunstri misi. Gunstri nxmusi ns? ai kifbabi
punjn thanrirfn, phrqun ‑isæ ns mhfh yh yh shy‖.
\ 99< ¸Jn quâ fignri Ahs mhrbgtbhs nonrmæig ug iath crijh jn jhgns nspbrbtuians. \idah ahs nahcbý phr gh mirnmnr
ai mhgcrncimbýg jn Mhrbgth jn gbgcÿg jhg nspbrbtuia fbngtris nspnridig na rncrnsh jna ]nùhr (9 Mh 9?3). ]us piaidris
nstidi jnsnqubabdriji8
ghs rnmunrjig qun Jbhs jnsni qun ghshtrhs ig`nanfhs y primtbqunfhs irjbngtnfngtn ahs
jhgns nspbrbtuians `isti qun Onsÿs vngci ng na ripth jn ai bcansbi. \nrh ai mirti jn \idah i
ahs mhrbgtbhs, nspnmbiafngtn 9 Mhrbgtbhs 94”9:, tifdbâg ghs rnmunrji qun ahs jhgns, ais
`idbabjijns, ahs tiangths y `isti ais piaidris juris gugmi shg sustbtuth jn snr mhrtnsns,
ifidans y mhgsbjnrijhs mhg htrhshtrhs.. Na ifhr gh ns crhsnrh. ]b tbngn ug hoh ng ug hdontbvh,
figtbngn na htrh ng ais pnrshgis, sus sngtbfbngths y su viahr. Na ifhr viahri ais rrnaimbhgns.
naimbhgns.
\ 999 Ani ugi aægni ng
ai mhaufgi 9, ngthgmns aangn Zriti i ais pnrshgis mhg mhrtnsæi, mhgsbjnrimbýg y rnspnth. Zýfnsn iacughs fbguths piri
ahs nspimbhs ia aijh, ng ai rnpisir ai kiati jn nqubabdrbh ng Mhrbgth ng ai curi 4.44. Ai mhgcrncimbýg nri kunrtn ng
mhaufgi 4 (curi 4.44). jhgns nspbrbtuians, pnrh jâdba ng ifidbabjij y mhgsbjnrimbýg mhg ahs jnfés.
Mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr Mirimtnræstbmis jn ahs mhrbgtbhs, qubngns nrig abfbtijhs ab fbtijhs ng ifhr
9 Mhrbgtbhs 9= n babfbtijhs ng rujnzi y nchæsfh (9 y 4 Mhrbgtbhs)
Iacughs gh nspnridig su turgh piri fbgbstrir phr ng ai
Na ifhr ns pimbngtn (9=?:).
mhgcrncimbýg (9 Mh 9:?42-==).
Iacughs kunrhg tngtijhs i snr ivirhs. I Isæ
sæ qun \idah nsmrbdbý? ‑Na qun
Na ifhr ns dngbcgh (9=?:).
sbnfdri , tifdbâg snciré ‖ (4 Mh 2?;).
Na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi (9=?:). Na pbn ngvbjbidi i ai (9 Mh 94?9>).
Iacughs nrig hrcuaahshs jn su y jn su ng vnz jn
cahrbirsn shaifngtn ng Mrbsth (9 Mh 9?90-=9).
Na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh, gh sn ngvignmn (9=?>). Iacughs nstidig ngvignmbjhs jn (9 Mh :?0-49).
Iacughs nrig hrcuaahshs phr sus jhgns jhgns nspbrbtuians y sn havbjirhg jn q qun
un
khrfidig pirtn jn ug (9 Mh 94).
Na ifhr gh ns crhsnrh (9=?>).
Iacughs fnghsprnmbidig ia phdrn phdrn ng , y mhrræig i
iabfngtirsn (9 Mh 99?99?4<-44).
4<-44). 94
Iacughs nxiatidig i kivhrbth. (9 Mh 9”:).
Iacughs mhfæig mirgn hkrnmbjihkrnmbji i ahs æjhahs y `imæig qu qun n ahs
Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh (9=?>). trhpnzirig (9 Mh 0”9<).
Iacugis fuonrns sn qubtidig
qubtidig na ng pÿdabmh, ah qun jns`hgridi
jns`hgridi i
su y an jidi i ai mhgcrncimbýg ug fia ghfdrn (9 Mh 99?4-9;).
Na ifhr gh sn brrbti kémbafngtn (9=?>). Iacughs tngæig irrndiths jn (4 Mh 94?4<).
Na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr, nstn pnrjhgi (9=?>). Iacughs i ahs mrnyngtns igtn ahs (9 Mh ;?9-0)
Na ifhr gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi, fis sn chzi Iacughs sn ngvignmæig ng na (9 Mh >?9-4).
jn ai vnrjij (9=?;). Iacughs sncuæig i ahs kiashskiashs (4 Mh 9<-94).
Na ifhr thjh ah sukrn, thjh ah mrnn, thjh ah nspnri,
Iacughs idigjhgidig su kn ng na (9 Mh 9>?9-4, 94).
thjh ah shphrti (9=?3).
Kbcuri 4.44 \rimtbqun nviauigjh i ahs mhrbgtbhs ng nstis jbnz mirimtnræstbmis
mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.
ifhr.
\ 994 Mhfh aæjnr, Ahs mhrbgtbhs shdrnsia
shdrnsiaæig
æig ng jhgns nspbrbtuians, pnrh krimisidig ng ais dungis
¸phr quâ jndn nvbtir ustnj rnaimbhgns. Gh qunrnfhs tngnr qun nsmhcnr ngtrn isugths mhfh ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians, na
snr crhsnrh8
fbgbstnrbh y ais rnaimbhgns. Zhjhs
Zhjhs nsths vig ougths. \idah ghs rnmunrji qun snr mhrtnsns
mhg ais pnrshgis ¡ns F^R bfphrtigtn! \uns mhfh aæjnrns, gunstrhs jhgns shg bgÿtbans sb
\ 99= ¸Muéans shg
gunstri jnsmhrtnsæi bfpbjn qun ais pnrshgis ghs sbcig.
iacughs nonfpahs jn Ai rujnzi tbngn fum`is khrfis. Ng fum`is muaturis, ns ugi jnsmhrtnsæi pisir mnrmi
jnsmhrtnsæi ng su muaturi8 jn pnrshgis qun mhghmnfhs sbg siaujirais. Onsÿs ghs ngsnùi i siaujir i thjhs ahs qun ghs

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 3=

ngmhgtrifhs, bgmauyngjh i ahs nxtriùhs (Ft >?:3). Nsti ns ugi fignri jn snr ifidans y
ifbcidans, ng vnz jn brrnspntuhshs.
Ai rujnzi tifdbâg ns mhfÿg ng mhgvnrsimbhgns y ng jbsmusbhgns. Ns jnsmhrtâs
bgtnrrufpbr i iacubng qun nstâ `idaigjh. Iacugis pnrshgis shg tig brrnspntuhsis y
nchæstis qun mhfbngzig i `idair muigjh iacubng fés nsté `idaigjh5 h `idaig tigth qun
gijbn fés tbngn ai hphrtugbjij jn jnmbr giji. Htrhs tbngng na fia `édbth jn `idair ng vhz
iati piri hdabcir i ahs jnfés i pnrfignmnr ng sbangmbh.
^g phaætbmh aaifijh Hgn \ugm` M`igcnrhm nri fuy crhsnrh. Ia `imnr mifpiùi
piri ugi nanmmbýg, jhs pnrshgis qun ispbrig
ispbrig i ug mirch punjng tngnr ug jnditn pÿdabmh.
pÿdabmh.
M`igcnrhm sn piridi mnrmi jn su hphgngtn y gcæi nsmum`ir ah qun na `hfdrn `idaidi.
Ngthgmns, jn rnpngtn, an isnstidi ug puùntizh ng ai figjæduai tig kunrtnfngtn qun na
hphgngtn miæi bgmhgsmbngtn ng na nsmngirbh. Fum`is htris pnrshgis shg crhsnris iugqun
jn fignris fnghs vbhangtis.
Ai Dbdabi ghs ngsnùi i fhstrirans rnspnth i ahs igmbighs y i Jbhs. Ais Nsmrbturis
jbmng? ‑Jnaigtn jn ais migis tn anvigtirés, y `hgrirés na rhstrh jna igmbigh, y jn tu
Jbhs tngjrés tnfhr
tnfhr.. Rh On`hvé‖ (Av 92?=4). Muigjh ug igmbigh ngtri ng ug siaýg,
ns mhrrnmth qun ahs fés oývngns funstrng rnspnth ia anvigtirsn n bgmaush hkrnmnran su \ 99: Ng su muaturi,
sbaai ia igmbigh. Ns jnsmhrtâs pnrfignmnr sngtijhs muigjh ahs igmbighs aancig ia aucir ¸mýfh `hgrig ais pnrshgis
jhgjn nstnfhs, ng ugi `idbtimbýg h ng ug iuthdÿs. Na ifhr gh ns crhsnrh. Gh jnfunstri i ahs igmbighs8
fnghsprnmbh gb kiati jn rnspnth ia pnrfignmnr sngtijh muigjh aanci ug igmbigh. Zia vnz
iacughs qun tbngng fiahs fhjians gh ah sidng. Isæ qun, ns dungh ngsnùir ai sidbjuræi
dædabmi, jn fignri qun ahs gbùhs, ahs oývngns y ahs ijuaths oývng
oývngns
ns primtbqung na rnsp
rnspnth
nth
phr ahs igmbighs. ¸Nsté ug igmbigh ngtrigjh ng ugi `idbtimbýg h girrigjh ugi `bsthrbi8
`bsthrbi8
\hgcéfhsan ugi itngmbýg nspnmbia. Mrnmnfhs ng sidbjuræi y ng kivhr mhg Jbhs y ahs
jnfés muigjh `hgrifhs i ahs igmbighs.
Ng ug snfbgirbh jn nxtngsbýg ng Engbi, ug fbsbhgnrh sn cigý na rnspiajh jn ais
pnrshgis
pnrshgis ia fhstri
fhstrirans
rans rnspnt
rnspnthh y `hgri i ahahss ig
igmbigh
mbighs.s. Mh
Mhfprý
fprý sbaais nspnmb
nspnmbians
ians y mý
mýfhjis
fhjis
piri qun
qun naah
naahss sn sng
sngtirig.
tirig. Mhahmý ais sb sbaais
aais iiaa krngt
krngtnn jna iu
iuai,
ai, jn f
fignri
ignri qqun
un ahs igmbig
igmbighs
hs
pujbnrig
pujbnrig vnr db
dbng.
ng. Nst
Nstidanmb
idanmbýý ai rnca
rncaii ng na iuai jjnn qun, ng tthjhs
hjhs ah
ahss jndit
jnditns,
ns, jndæ
jndæii `idnr \ 99> ¸Muéans shg

rnspnth
isbstæig phr ahs snfbgirbh
i nstn igmbighs. Mhfh
dædabmhrnsuatijh jn ah igtnrbhr,
jn nxtngsbýg. igmbighsijnfum`hs
R naahs aanvirhg thjis pirtns jna fés
pisthrns piæs iacugis jnjhgjn
snr mhrtâs ais fignris jn
ustnj vbvn8
ns. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, ustnj cigi bgungmbi muigjh ns ifidan mhg ahs igmbighs. Ais
oývngns.
oývng
Nsmrbturis ngsnùig qun ahs qun tbngng migis shg jbcghs jn gunstrh rnspnth.
Ns jn fiai njumimbýg gh prnstiran itngmbýg i iacubng qun nsté `idaigjh, ngsnùigjh h \ 99; ¸Jn quâ fignri
prnjbmigjh.
prnjbm igjh. Ng aaii imt
imtuiabj
uiabjij,
ij, fu
fum`hs
m`hs shg jnsmhr
jnsmhrtnsns
tnsns ia ng
ngvbir
vbir fngsio
fngsions
ns jjnn tnx
tnxth,
th, nnsmrbdb
smrbdbrr iacughs oývngns shg
crhsnrhs ng ai mhgcrncimbýg
ghtis h `imnr muiaqubnri htri mhsi y gh prnstiran itngmbýg i ug hrijhr. ^gh jn ahs mufpabjhs h ng ai maisn8
fés crigjns qun an phjnfhs `imnr i ug hrijhr ns phgnran itngmbýg. \hr na mhgtrirbh, ns
ug bgsuath sbangmbhsh fhstrir kiati jn bgtnrâs muigjh iacubng mhfpirtn iach jna mhrizýg.
Na fbsbhgnrh F fnrnmæi ai fnohr miabmimbýg phr su irjuh tridioh. \nrh nri ug
krimish ng na tnfi jn rnaimbhgns. ^g pisthr ikrbmigh jboh? ‑¡Gugmi vhavnrnfhs i
bgvbtir ia fbsbhgnrh F i gunstri mhgcrncimbýg!‖. Fb ifbch an prncugtý? ‑¸\hr quâ
gh8 ¸Zngæi ugi kiasi jhmtrbgi8‖. ‑Dungh‖, jboh na pisthr, ‑nsn pisthr tngæi fum`i prbsi \ 993 ¸Yuâ anmmbýg
muigjh ghs vbsbtý. Fbrý na rnaho y jboh? ‐Gh fn qunjirâ gb ug fbguth jnspuâs jn ai pngsý na fbsbhgnrh
fbsbhgnrh jnsmhrtâs
qun nstidi ngsnùigjh8
mbgmh‒. Isæ jn
ai rnugbýg qun,bgfnjbith
yh ans jbony ingthgmns
ais jifis? ‐¡Mhrrig ai
tngjrnfhs i icirrir
icir rir nsn\nrh
mhfbji‒. phaah! Mhfngzi
Mhfngzirnfhs
`idæi fum`hrnfhs
qun
\ 990 ¸Yuâ anmmbýg
`imnr. Ais fuonrns tngjræig qun itripir na phaah, fitirah, qubtiran ais paufis, aivirah jndbý `idnr iprngjbjh na
y mhmbgirah. @hris jnspuâs, na phaah nstidi mhmbgijh, na fiæz isijh, na tâ absth y fbsbhgnrh jnsmhrtâs8
ais fnsis irrncaijis. Zhjh nri pnrknmth. Ri nri tbnfph jn sngtirghs y mhfpirtbr ai
mhfbji. Na fbsbhgnrh fbrý na rnaho y nxmaifý? ‐]hg ais mbgmh ng pugth‒. Ngthgmns,
sn sudbý i su iuthfývba y sn firm`ý. R, ¡gb sbqubnri mhfnfhs phaah nxmnpth muigjh
vbngng ahs fbsbhgnrhs!‖.

3: Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

¡Yuâ tnstbfhgbh tig jnsmhrtâs y igtbmrbstbigh jn nsn fbsbhgnrh! Âa pngsý qun an nstidi
ngsnùigjh ia pisthr ugi anmmbýg imnrmi jna viahr jna tbnfph. \nrh, ai vnrjijnri anmmbýg
kun mýfh snr jnsmhrtâs.
jnsmhrtâs . Ai rujnzi
rnspnth y mhrtnsæi. Zifdbâg irrubgi `bnrn i ais pnrshgis,
na abjnrizch. ¡Na ifhrphrqun figbnsti ugi kiati jn
gh ns crhsnrh!
Muigjh vbsbtifhs i ais pnrshgis jn aucirns gunvhs h i iqunaahs muyis mhstufdrns
shg jbknrngtns i ais gunstris, phjræifhs snr jnsmhrtnsns immbjngtiafngtn. Jndnfhs
iprngjnr i jbsmnrgbr y i rnspntir sus viahrns, ijnfés jn primtbmir sus rncais y mhstufdrns.
\ 992 ¸Jn quâ fignri Ng iacugis muaturis, ahs oývngns usig ug thgh jn vhz fés suivn h fés iath piri jnfhstrir
funstrig ais pnrshgis su rnspnth phr ahs jnfés. Iacughs shg njumijhs ia bgmabgirsn na ugh ia htrh muigjh sn
dunghs fhjians y rnspnth ng ngmungtrig. R htrhs
htrhs funstrig rnspnth ia dioir h jnsvbir ai f
fbriji
briji ia ngmhgtrirsn mhg ugi
su muaturi8 pnrshgi rnspntidan, ng aucir jn fbrirai
fbrirai i ahs hohs.
Ns fuy kémba snr fia njumijh ia mhfnr. Iacughs shg jnsmhrtnsns ia iprnsurirsn i
dusmir mhfbji, ng aucir jn nspnrir qun ans sbrvig i htrhs. Ng iacugis muaturis, ns jn
fiai njumimbýg `idair mhg mhfbji ng ai dhmi y thsnr h nsthrgujir sbg mudrbrsn ai dhmi
y ai girbz. Ng iacugis muaturis, ns jnsmhrtâs nrumtir jurigtn ugi mhfbji. Ng mifdbh, ng
htrhs aucirns, nrumtir jnspuâs jn mhfnr jnfunstri qun an custý ai mhfbji. Mhfh aæjnrns
nspbrbtuians, jndnfhs snr sngsbdans y nstir ianrti piri nvbtir snr jnsmhrtnsns ng ngthrghs
trigsmuaturians h bgtnrcngnrimbhgians.
bgtnrcngnrimbhgians.
\ 94< ¸Mýfh punjn Ahs igmbighs punjng tngnr viahrns jbknrngtns i ahs oývngns. Ais pnrshgis ng érnis
ug aæjnr fnohrir su mhrtnsæi, rurians tbngng viahrns jbknrngtns i ahs jn iqunaais qun mrnmng ng crigjns mbujijns. Ng
ng rnaimbýg mhg jbknrngtns
njijns h cruphs âtgbmhs8
nsths jæis, ng ugi mbujij, `iy fÿatbpans cruphs âtgbmhs y miji ugh mhg sus prhpbhs viahrns.
Mhfh aæjnrns, jndnfhs snr sngsbdans i ahs viahrns jn ahs jnfés, piri qun naahs gh pbngsng
qun shfhs brrnspntuhshs. Gh tnfifhs `imnr prncugtis imnrmi jn viahrns y mhstufdrns.
Iacugis vnmns, ug aæjnr gnmnsbti mhgsuatir i ug fngthr jn htrh cruph. Ioustnfhs gunstrh
mhfphrtifbngth piri qun nstâ ng irfhgæi mhg na jn iqunaahs i ahs qun snrvbfhs.
\idah iprngjbý i snr mhrtâs y mhgsbjnrijh mhg thjhs i ahs qun snrvæi. Tnmunrjn
su tnstbfhgbh?
 92
\hr ah muia, sbngjh abdrn jn thjhs, fn `n `nm`h sbnrvh jn thjhs piri cigir i
\ 949 ¸Mýfh primtbmidi fiyhr gÿfnrh. 4< Fn `n `nm`h i ahs oujæhs mhfh oujæh, piri cigir i ahs oujæhs5
\idah ai mhrtnsæi mhg virbhs i ahs qun nstég suonths i ai any (iugqun yh gh nstâ suonth i ai any) mhfh suonth i
cruphs8 Ipabqun nsti
ngsnùigzi. ai any, piri cigir i ahs qun nstég suonths i ai any5 49 i ahs qun nstég sbg any, mhfh
sb yh nstuvbnri sbg any (gh nstigjh yh sbg
sbg any jn Jbhs, sbgh dioh ai any jn Mrbsth),
piri cigir i ahs qun nstég sbg any
any.. Fn `n `nm`h jâdba i ahs jâdbans, ppiri
44
iri cigir
i ahs jâdbans5 i thjhs fn `n `nm`h jn thjh, piri qun jn thjhs fhjhs siavn i
iacughs. 4= R nsth `ich phr miusi jna nvigcnabh, piri `imnrfn mhpirtæmbpn jn âa‖
2?92-4=).
(9 Mh 2?92-4=).
Ia phgnr ng prémtbmi na jbsmnrgbfbngth jn ahs viahrns jn iqunaahs i qubngns
snrvbfhs, phjnfhs nvbtir snr crhsnrhs. Na ifhr gh `bnrn i htrhs gb aistbfi sus
sngtbfbngths. Na ifhr gh ns jnsmhrtâs. Na ifhr ns mhrtâs y rnspntuhsh mhg thjhs ahs
qun sn ngmungtri.
Iacugis jn ais hkngsis fés rujis shg snxuians. Tnmunrjn na rnaith jn Ifgýg y
Zifir, su fnjbi `nrfigi (4 ] 9=?9-44). Muigjh ais Nsmrbturis jnsmrbdng nstn `hrrbdan
bgmbjngtn, girrig ai `bsthrbi jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti fugjigh jn Ifgýg irfigjh qun
\ 944 ¸Muéans shg sn ngifhrý jn naai. Jnsjn ug pugth jn vbsti nspbrbtuia, snræi fés nximth jnmbr qun sbgtbý
iacughs nonfpahs jn rujnzis auourbi phr naai. \hrqun ughs muigths fbguths jnspuâs jn qun ai vbhaý, sus nfhmbhgns
snxuians qun na ifhr nvbti8 mifdbirhg mhfpantifngtn. Ai Dbdabi jbmn? ‑Aunch ai idhrrnmbý Ifgýg mhg tig crig
idhrrnmbfbngth, qun na hjbh mhg qun ai idhrrnmbý kun fiyhr qun na ifhr mhg qun ai
`idæi ifijh. R an jboh Ifgýg? Anvégtitn, y vntn‖ (4 ] 9=?9>). Ia gia, su nchæsfh y
rujnzi an mhstirhg ai rnputimbýg y ai vbji. Ais rujnzis snxuians, mhfh dnsirsn, thmirsn
y imirbmbirsn igtns jna fitrbfhgbh, vbhaig ai mhgsmbngmbi, pnroujbmig ai rnputimbýg, ans

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 3>

qubtig viahr i ais pnrshgis y jiùig ais rnaimbhgns. Zhjhs ahs jnsnhs snxuians qun Jbhs
ghs `i jijh shg mhrrnmths jngtrh jna fitrbfhgbh y na anm`h fitrbfhgbia ns purh. \nrh
‑…i ahs khrgbmirbhs y i ahs ijÿatnrhs ahs ouzciré Jbhs‖ (@nd 9=?:). Dbngivngturijhs

shg ahs qun

ispnmths tbngng jhfbgbh prhpbh, mhrtnsæi y mhgsbjnrimbýg mhg ahs jnfés ng thjhs ahs
snxuians.
\ 94= Ng ai curi 4.4=, mhgtnstn ais prncugtis jn ai mhaufgi jn ai jnrnm`i.
Znxth ]us rnsÿfngns
Cg 92?9-> Mhgtristn ai mhrtnsæi jn Aht mhg ai rujnzi jn ahs `hfdrns jn ]hjhfi.
Ft >?:;-:3 ¸Mýfh ghs ngsnùý Onsÿs i snr mhrtnsns ng ahs siaujhs8
Ft 9<?:4 ¸Muéans shg iacughs nonfpahs jn mhrtnsæi ng pnqunùhs jntiaans8
Ft 94?4< ¸Mýfh punjn snr ai cngtbanzi ug kimthr jn ai mhrtnsæi8
Fr 9:?;9-;> ¸Muéans shg iacughs nonfpahs jn rujnzi nxtrnfi8
Am 3?::-:3 Mhgtristn ai mhrtnsæi jn ai pnmijhri mhg ]bfýg na igtrbýg.
Am 9;?92-49 ¸Yubâg kun fés mhrtâs, na fngjbch h na `hfdrn rbmh8 Nxpabqun.
Am 93?99-92 ¸Yuâ ngsnùi ai `bsthrbi jn ahs jbnz anprhshs imnrmi jn ai jnsmhrtnsæi y ai cngtbanzi8
9 Mh 2?92-4= ¸Jn quâ fignri kun \idah mhgsbjnrijh y mhrtâs ng na nvigcnabsfh8
Cé ;?4 ¸Mýfh ghs cuæi Céaitis ;?4 i snr mhgsbjnrijhs y mhrtnsns8
9 ] 93?40 ¸\hr quâ i vnmns ns jbkæmba snr mhrtnsns mhg ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi8
9 ] 4> Mhgtristn ai rujnzi jn Gidia mhg ai mhrtnsæi jn Idbciba.
9 T 94?0-4< ¸Mýfh kun crhsnrh Thdhif sbngjh ug aæjnr ohvng8 ¸Muéa kun na rnsuatijh8
4 ] 9<?9-: Mhgtristn ai mhrtnsæi jn Jivbj mhg ai rujnzi jn @igÿg.
4 ] 9=?9> \rhphrmbhgn iacughs nonfpahs jn ai rujnzi snxuia.
4 T 90?4;-=< ¸Mýfh `udbnri phjbjh na mhfigjigtn isbrbh snr fés mhrtâs mhg Nabiqubf8 Ipabqun nsti ngsnùigzi.
¸Mýfh kunrhg iacughs oývngns brrnspntuhshs mhg Nabsnh8
4 T 4?4=-4>
¸Jn quâ fignri ahs oývngns jn `hy punjng snr mhrtnsns mhg ahs ijuaths8
Am 2?>9->; ¸Mýfh `udbnrig phjbjh Oimhdh y Ouig snr mhrtnsns, iugqun ahs htrhs gh ah nrig8
Onr 40 ¸Mýfh phjnfhs nstir ng jnsimunrjh mhg iacubng sbg snr jnsmhrtnsns8
]tc :?4 ¸Yuâ ns ah qun ]igtbich bjngtbmi mhfh ai kungtn jn ai rujnzi8
Th 94?93-49 ¸Mýfh ghs cuæi \idah i rnsphgjnr muigjh ais pnrshgis shg hjbhsis y crhsnris mhg ghshtrhs8
Âx 4<?3 @ici ugi absti jn iacugis khrfis ng qun ais pnrshgis shg brrnspntuhsis mhg sus piaidris y mhg sus cnsths.
Nk :?425 >?: ¸Yuâ prbgmbpbh jndnræi cubirghs i snr mhrtnsns mhg gunstrh vhmiduairbh8
 9 Mh 9: Jâ ug nonfpah jn mýfh snr mhgsbjnrijh
m hgsbjnrijh y mhrtâs ia iangtir i htrhs.
Kbcuri 4.4= \rimtbqun bjngtbmigjh ng ais Nsmrbturis ai rujnzi y ai ifidbabjij, y ais fignris
fignris jn snr mhrtâs.
Zirni? \rimtbqun ai mhrtnsæi mhg htrhs jurigtn ahs prýxbfhs jæis. Muigjh rncrnsn i ai
maisn prnsngtn ug tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn nsth y ais rnspunstis qun `iyi hdtngbjh.
Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths qun funstri ifhr phr fnjbh jn ai mhrtnsæi
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y aunch su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn nvbtir ai rujnzi?

Kbcuri 4.4: \rimtbmir ai mhrtnsæi ng ai vbji (jh

(jhss fbguths).

3; Mipætuah 4 Abjnrizch 9

, , ‖( )
, ‖
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
, ‖
‖ ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
O I
B D
‖ ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr... ‖
@ M
C J
K N
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
,
‖ ‖

‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

‖ ‖

Kbcuri 4.4> \rimtbqun bjngtbmigjh ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis j

jna
na ifhr.
ifhr.

Iuthnviauimbýg? Jbduon ug mærmuah iarnjnjhr jn ai antri qun mhfpantn fnohr miji prncugti
h jnmairimbýg?
9. ¸Yubâg ns ai prbfnri pnrshgi mhg qubng na ifhr ns ;. Ghshtrhs mhgtristifhs
mhgtristifhs na ifhr mhg
pimbngtn8 i) Ijég.
i) Mhg ug sigth d) Dntsidâ.
d) Mhg ug pnmijhr m) Manhkis.
m) Mhg ug igmbigh j) Jbýtrnkns.
j) Mhg Jbhs
3. \iri pnrfignmnr `ufbajn, fnjbtn ng
4. Ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=, ai prbfnri fignri ng qun sn i) ai crimb
crimbii jn Jbhs.
figbnsti na ifhr ns ai d) ai bri jn Jbhs.
i) dhgjij. m) na pa
paig
ig jjnn Jbh
Jbhs.
s.
d) fbsnrbmhrjbi j) na oubmb
oubmbhh jn Jbhs.
m) pimbngmbi.
j) vnrimbjij. 0. ¸Yuâ pision rnsiati ai `ufbajij jn Onsÿs8
i) Fitnh 4=
=. ^g nonfpah dædabmh jn ai dhgjij ns
d) Ouig =?9;
i) Idbciba
m) Kbabpngsns 4?>-0
d) Jbvns
j) 9 Mhrb
Mhrbgtbhs
gtbhs 9=
m) Nstnr
j) Igi 2. ^g nonfpah dædabmh jn rujnzi ns
:. ^g nonfpah jn ug ngvbjbhsh ns i) Ifgýg.
i) \htbkir d) Imid.
d) Jivbj m) I`bghif.
m) ]igsýg j) Idbgijid.
j) ]iahfâ 9<. ^gi nxprnsbýg mhfÿg jn mhrtnsæi ns?
>. ^gi maivn piri vngmnr ai ngvbjbi ns? i) nvbtir fbrir i ahs hohs jn ahs jnfés.
i) hrir ng angcuis. d) prnstir fum`i itngmbýg muigjh iacubng nsté `idaigjh
d) nsmhcnr dunghs mhfpiùnrhs. mhg ustnj.
m) nvbtir mhfpirimbhgns. m) phgnrsn jn pbn mu
muigjh
igjh htrhs ngtrig i ai `idbtimbýg.
j) gh mhjbmbir. j) mhgtnstir na tnaâkhg
tnaâkhghh tig prhgth mhfh sungi.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 9 33

Znfis piri na ngsiyh? Nsmrbdi jn >< i 9<< piaidris shdrn miji ugh jn nsths hdontbvhs qun
ustnj nstujbý ng nstn mipætuah. (9< pugths phr miji ugh).
• Tnsufbr ais jhs fignris ng qun na ifhr ns pimbngtn. Mhgtristir ai pimbngmbi mhg ai bfpimbngmbi.
• Nviauir y primtbmir ahs kruths jna ifhr ng su vbji.
• Baustrir ai dngbcgbjij y ai rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi y ng iqunaahs qun ustnj mhghmn.
• Jngbr ai ngvbjbi y prhphrmbhgir ia fnghs mbgmh nonfpahs dædabmhs jn nstn pnmijh.
• Nxpabmir trns jn ais muitrh maivns piri vngmnr na vngngh jn ai ngvbjbi.
• Mhgtristir na ifhr mhg muitrh ivns, mhg na rny ]iÿa, mhg Jbýtrnkns y mhg ]itigés.
• Tnsufbr ais trns maivns piri qun na mhgmnpth jn sæ fbsfh sn mirimtnrbmn phr ai `ufbajij.
• Nxpabmir mýfh Onsÿs ns gunstrh crig nonfpah jn abjnrir mhg `ufbajij.
• Bjngtbmir iacughs nonfpahs jn rujnzi ng ai Dbdabi y ng ai vbji.
• Tnsufbr ais khrfis jn snr mhrtnsns ng su muaturi y ais fignris jn nvbtir ai rujnzi.
 Mipætuah =?
Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg.
\irtn 4
(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3)
‖( )
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
‖

‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

O I
B D
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr... ‖
@ M
C J
K N
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
,
‖

‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr... ‖

Kbcuri =.9 \rimtbqun bjngtbmigjh ais prbfnris mbgmh mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3.
Ng sus prbfnrhs iùhs, na pisthr @ig kun ug `hfdrn mhgkhrfn ia mhrizýg jn Jbhs. ]u fbgbstnrbh
mhfngzý mhfh aæjnr jn ug pnqunùh cruph ng su prhpbh `hcir. Âa gh rnmbdbý gbgcÿg siairbh jurigtn nsn
prbfnr iùh. R su jnanbtn nri hrir, nstujbir ai Dbdabi, ngsnùir, nvigcnabzir y jbsmbpuair i ahs mrnyngtns.
Iyugidi ug jæi i ai snfigi. Muigjh mhfngzý i rnmbdbr hkrngjis, ais mhfpirtæi mhg iqunaahs qun tngæig fnghs
jn ah qun âa tngæi. Nri mhfh nsi pnrshgi pbijhsi qun jnsmrbdbý Ouig na Diutbsti, qun tngæi jhs tÿgbmis y an
jbh ugi ia qun gh tngæi gbgcugi. Ia pisir ahs iùhs, na pisthr @ig figtuvh su `nrfhsh mhrizýg piri Jbhs. Ai
ugmbýg jna Nspærbtu ]igth rnphsidi phjnrhsifngtn shdrn âa. Nri ug nonfpah pbijhsh piri thjhs y na gÿfnrh jn
mrnyngtns qun pisthrnidi mrnmbý. Mhg na tbnfph, na pisthr @ig y su mhgcrncimbýg mhfprirhg ugi prhpbnjij y
mhgstruynrhg ug tnfpah. R ai fnfdrnsæi jn ai bcansbi mrnmbý i mngtngirns. Gijbn nsté sncurh jn muégjh, pnrh
ng iacÿg pugth jna mifbgh jna fbgbstnrbh nxbthsh, na mhrizýg jna pisthr @ig mhfngzý i mifdbir. Ais pnrshgis
hdsnrvirhg qun, iugqun âa tngæi fés qun sumbngtn jbgnrh, prnjbmidi krnmungtnfngtn shdrn jbnzfir y jir. ]us
snrfhgns thjivæi sn nsmum`idig dbng, pnrh `idæi fnghs phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth. R iacughs mhfngzirhg i
furfurir qun âa nstidi mhfntbngjh pnmijhs snxuians. Muigjh ahs jbémhghs bgvnstbcirhg nstis imusimbhgns,
jnsmudrbnrhg qun na pisthr @ig gh an nri na i su nsphsi, mhfntæi ijuatnrbh. Iacughs jn ahs jbémhghs ah
mhgkrhgtirhg, pnrh âa ans pbjbý qun sn kunrig jn ai bcansbi. Iugqun mhgtbguý sbngjh na aæjnr, na pisthr @ig
pnrjbý crig pirtn jn su bgungmbi. Âa nri mhfh ahs kirbsnhs jn qubngns Ons ÿs jboh? ‑…gh `icébs mhgkhrfn i sus
Onsÿs
hdris, phrqun jbmng, y gh `imng‖ (Ft 4=?=). Âa thjivæi prnjbmidi dunghs snrfhgns. \nrh gh primtbmidi ah qun
prnjbmidi. Zngæi
Zngæi ug punsth pnrh fuy phphmi
mi bgungmbi. Mhg na tbnfph, nsmum`iræi piaidris
piaidris mhfh? ‑Ipértitn jn
fæ, aæjnr sbg any. Gugmi tn mhghmæ ng tus iùhs jn aæjnr nchæsti y sbg any‖ ([ni Ft 3?4=).

Anmmbhgns
Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh? mubji, mhfpirtn y sbrvn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
99 Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir i ahs aæjnrns nchæstis mhg ahs qun primtbmig na ifhr i htrhs. Baustrn.
Hdontbvh D? Iuthnviauirsn. @imnr ug mhfprhfbsh y ug paigpaig piri supnrir sus érnis jn bgfijurnz.
 30

Anmmbhgns mhgtbguimbýg
Na ifhr gh sn brrbti? primtbmi na jhfbgbh prhpbh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3).
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr phr quâ ug aæjnr jndn snr tirjh piri nghoirsn.
94 Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir ahs muitrh mifbghs qun phjræi thfir ugi pnrshgi nghoiji.
Hdontbvh M? Igiabzir ais kkhrfis
hrfis ng qun ug aæjnr punjn vngmnr ai bri.
Na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr? pnrjhgi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3).
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr iacughs nonfpahs dædabmhs qun ngkitbzig na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn Jbhs.
9=
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir iacugis rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæjnr jndn hkrnmnr déasifh ng aucir jn sngtbjh
jn muapidbabjij.
Na ifhr gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi? sn chzi jn ai vnrjij
(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?;5 >?9-0).
9: Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir ai imtbtuj jna ifhr `imbi ai fiajij mhg na ifhr `imbi ai vnrjij n baustrirai.
Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ahs rnsuatijhs jn hjbir ah bgmhrrnmth y ifir ah mhrrnmth.
Na ifhr thjh ah shphrti? gugmi sn rbgjn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3).
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ahs jbnz jnsikæhs qun ngkrngtig ahs aæjnrns.
9> Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir mýfh ahs aæjnrns punjng vbvbr aanghs jna ifhr jn Jbhs piri phjnr shphrtir thjis
ais mhsis.

Anmmbýg
Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh? mubji, mhfpirtn y sbrvn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
99 Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir i ahs aæjnrns nchæstis mhg ahs qun primtbmig na ifhr i htrhs. Baustrn.
Hdontbvh D? Iuthnviauirsn. @imnr ugug mhfprhfbsh y ug paig piri supnrir sus érnis jn bbgfijurnz.
gfijurnz.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh jn mhrtnsæi qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs jn nstujbir
ai anmmbýg 9<.
\9 Mhfpantn ai curi =.4 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn y
qun miji ugh mhfpirti sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn snr mhrtâs.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn snr mhrtâs

(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir ai mhrtnsæi?

Kbcuri =.4 \rimtbmir nvbtir ai rujnzi y mýfh snr mhrtâs ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
\4 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ais `bsthrbis jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn ai mhrtnsæi piri thji ai maisn

\= ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\: ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri =.= Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng ai mhrtnsæi.

32
0< Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

\> ¸Muéa ns ai Jnsmrbpmbýg cngnria. Ng Abjnrizch 9 ngkitbzifhs na mhrizýg jna aæjnr. Gunstri
prbgmbpia tirni jna aæjnr
aæjnr qun prnfbsi ns qun ug aæjnr jndn tngnr na mhrizýg aangh jna ifhr shdrngituria jn Jbhs.
ngkitbzifhs ng ais \hrqun muigjh ififhs i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis, an hdnjnmnfhs i Jbhs y an icrijifhs
anmmbhgns 9”9>8
ng miji ispnmth jn ai vbji. Ifir i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis ns ai tirni fés bfphrtigtn jna
aæjnr.. \iri tngnr âxbth ng na abjnrizch, jndnfhs snr mipimns jn ifir.
aæjnr
Ng ai ^gbjij 9, nstifhs nxpahrigjh ais prncugtis? ‑¸Mýfh ns na ifhr8‖, ‑¸mýfh
phjnfhs rnmhghmnrah8‖, ‑¸muéans shg sus mirimtnræstbmis8‖. \idah bjngtbmi jbnz
mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr (I”O) ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3. Ri nstujbifhs mbgmh jn nsis
mirimtnræstbmis (I”N), ng ais anmmbhgns ;”9< jna mipætuah 4.
I`hri ng na mipætuah =, nstujbirnfhs ais sbcubngtns mbgmh mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr (K”O).
K. Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh? mubji, mhfp mhfpirtn
irtn y sbrvn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
Ai snxti muiabjij jna ifhr qun \idah fngmbhgi ns? Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh, suyh, gh ns
nchæsti. Na ifhr sn prnhmupi phr ahs htrhs, isæ mhfh sn prnhmupi phr sæ fbsfh.
Na prhdanfi jna nchæsfh. Na ifhr fbri ng ai jbrnmmbýg hpunsti ia nchæsfh. ^gi
\; ¸Muéans shg ais pnrshgi nchæsti vn ai vbji mhfh ug nspnoh. Mhg muiaqubnr mhsi qun vni, nsi pnrshgi
mirimtnræstbmis jn ugi pbngsi? ‑¸Yuâ `iy ng nsth piri fæ8‖, ‑¸muégth jbgnrh, paimnr, phjnr h prnstbcbh punjh
pnrshgi nchæsti8 hdtngnr jn nsth8‖. Na nchæsfh sbngtn ngvbjbi y mhjbmbi. Gh rnspnti ahs jnrnm`hs jn ahs
\3 ¸Yubâgns shg
jnfés. Gh mhgsbjnri ais gnmnsbjijns jn htrhs. ^gi pnrshgi nchæsti qun tbngn jhs idrbchs
iacughs nonfpahs dædabmhs jn gh an ji ugh i ai pnrshgi qun gh tbngn gbgcugh. ^g `hfdrn nchæsti mhg ugi `nrfhsi nsphsi
pnrshgis nchæstis8
nchæstis8 tifdbâg jnsni i ai `nrfhsi nsphsi jn htrh `hfdrn. ^g ohvng nchæsti gh tbngn ng mungti
ai rnputimbýg gb na kuturh jn ahs jnfés muigjh sbngtn jnsnhs snxuians. Mhfh Ifgýg, i ug
ohvng nchæsti
nchæsti gh an bfphrti vbh
vbhair
air i ai `nrfigi jn iacubng h irrubgir
irrubgir ai rnputimbý
rnputimbýgg jn ai
`boi jn iacubng. ^g aæjnr nchæsti gh mhgsbjnri sb nsté jiùigjh ai rnputimbýg jn ai bcansbi
jn Jbhs ng ugi mhfugbjij. Ais pnrshgis nchæstis pbngsig shaifngtn ng sæ fbsfis mhfh
Miæg, Imég, ]igsýg, @nrhjns, Oujis, ahs kirbsnhs qun fitirhg i Onsÿs y Jbýtrnkns.
\0 ¸\unjn pngsir ng Mhfh aæjnrns, jndnfhs rnmhghmnr qun na nchæsfh ns ai nsngmbi jn thjh pnmijh .
pnmijhs qun gh bgvhaumrng
bgvhaumrng na Ng su figbknstimbýg nxtrnfi, na nchæsfh jbmn? ‑Gh sn `ici tu vhaugtij, sbgh ai fæi‖.
nchæsfh8 Nxpabqun.
^g pisthr nchæsti simrbmi i ais hvnois phr sus prhpbhs jnsnhs. ^g pisthr ifhrhsh ji
su vbji phr ais hvnois. Na ifhr gh ns nchæsti. ]n prnhmupi, mhfpirtn, ji y simrbmi. Na
ifhr sbnfprn tbngn sumbngtn piri mhfpirtbr. Mhfpirtn su khrtianzi ia aahrir mhg ahs qun
aahrig (Th 94?9>). Na ifhr shdrnaanvi ais mircis jn htrhs (Cé ;?4). \nrh ais pnrshgis
nchæstis gugmi tbngng sumbngtn. ]us vbngtrns gugmi sn aangig y su ipntbth gugmi sn simbi.
Ais pnrshgis nchæstis jnsnig, mhjbmbig, ngvbjbig, usig, figbpuaig, ngciùig, `urtig,
fiacistig, pisig phr iath y mhfng ng nxmnsh. \nrh na ifhr rnspnti y an prnhmupig
ai rnputimbýg, ahs jnrnm`hs, ai prhpbnjij y ais gnmnsbjijns jn ahs jnfés. Na ifhr
jnsbgtnrnsijh jbnzfi y ji hkrngjis piri iyujir i ahs phdrns, mhfpirtn su jbgnrh piri
ngvbir fbsbhgnrhs y mhfpirtn su tbnfph piri iyujir ia prýobfh. Ais pnrshgis nchæstis
cistig jnfisbijh jbgnrh ng naais fbsfis y fuy phmh ng htrhs. ]us piaidris kivhrbtis
shg? yh, fæ y fæh. \hr na mhgtrirbh, ahs jnsbgtnrnsijhs ifig i su prýobfh mhfh i sæ
fbsfhs. Mubjig y mhfpirtng mhg ai `ufigbjij mhfh cruph. Mhfh Jbhs, ifig i thjis
\2 ¸Yuâ prhvhmý qun
ais pnrshgis jna fugjh y sn bgtnrnsig ng ah qun an hmurri i miji ugi jn naais.
na rny Jivbj pisiri jn snr Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, tngci mubjijh. Na nchæsfh ns na ngnfbch jn su iafi, jn su fbgbstnrbh
ug `hfdrn mhgkhrfn ia
y jn ais pnrshgis i ais qun Jbhs ah `i aaifijh piri qun ais cuæn ia mbnah. Na nchæsfh
mhrizýg jn Jbhs i ug `hfdrn
qun bdi tris thjh ah qun ns pnrsbstngtn. ]n figtngjré aaifigjh i su punrti i thjh ah airch jn su vbji. Fbngtris
phjæi hdtngnr8 vbvifhs ng munrph jn mirgn, jndnfhs mhfditbr ai tngtimbýg jn snr mhjbmbhshs. Mhfh
aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, Jbhs ghs aaifi i iyujir i supabr ais gnmnsbjijns jn ahs jnfés ougth
mhg ais gunstris. \nrh, i fnjbji qun iacughs aæjnrns sn vunavng krumtæknrhs, tifdbâg
\ 9< ¸Muégjh snrnfhs
sn vunavng nchæstis. Ia prbgmbpbh, Jivbj nri ug `hfdrn mhgkhrfn ia mhrizýg jn Jbhs
abdrns jn ahs jnsnhs
pnmifbghshs jn ai ai mirgn8 (9 ] 9=?9:5 @m` 9=?44). Ng sus prbfnrhs iùhs, âa nsmrbdæi migmbhgns imnrmi jn su ifhr
Nxpabqun. phr Jbhs. Ng iqunaahs prbfnrhs iùhs,
iùhs, nstuvh jbspunsth i mhfditbr i Chabit y i irrbnscir

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 09

su vbji piri iyujir i abdnrir ia pundah jn Jbhs. \nrh jnspuâs jn ughs muigths iùhs mhfh
jbrbcngtn nxbthsh, na cbcigtn jna nchæsfh jnrrhtý i Jivbj. Ng sus prbfnrhs iùhs, aum`ý
mhgtri ug hsh y ug anýg piri jnkngjnr i ais hvnois. \nrh mhfh aæjnr nxbthsh, sn rhdý i
Dntsidâ, ai ÿgbmi hvnoi qun ug phdrn `hfdrn tngæi. R isnsbgý i ^ræis, ug na ifbch y
shajijh. Ais snfbaais jna nchæsfh sn ngmungtrig ng ai mirgn jn thjhs ghshtrhs. Isæ qun,
jndnfhs snr mubjijhshs jn gh rncirais. Na mhrizýg jna `hfdrn ns ngciùhsh y gugmi
sn sitbskimn (Onr 93?2). Jndnfhs nstir sbnfprn itngths piri snr cubijhs phr na Nspærbtu
]igth y gh phr ai mirgn. Jivbj mhfngzý mhfh
mhfh ug `hfdr
`hfdrnn mhgkhrfn ia mhriz
mhrizýg
ýg jn Jbhs.
\nrh na âxbth ah trigskhrfý ng ug `hfdrn qun pnrsncuæi thjh ah qun phjæi hdtngnr
hdtngnr,,
bgmauyngjh i ai nsphsi jn ug ifbch na. ‑Isæ qun, na qun pbngsi nstir rfn, fbrn qun
gh mibci‖ (9 Mh 9<?94). Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, rnmunrjn sbnfprn qun Jbhs ah aaifi i prhtncnr,
cubir y pisthrnir i ais hvnois jn Âa, gh i usirais gb idusir jn naais. Na ifhr gh ns nchæsti.
]b ah qun `imnfhs mhfh aæjnrns ns nchæsti, nsh gh ns ifhr.
Iuthnxifng. ¸]hy ugi pnrshgi nchæsti8 Mhgtnstn nstis prncugtis mhg ug mhrizýg \ 99 Nviaÿnsn fbngtris
sbgmnrh? mhgtnsti na sbcubngtn
munstbhgirbh. ¸Ns ustnj ugi
Na ifhr gh dusmi ah suyh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>). Ai auourbi sn iphjnri jn thjh ah qun pnrshgi nchæsti8
punjn mhgsncubr, pnrh na ifhr gh ns nchæsti. I mhgtbguimbýg, prnsngtifhs ugi prundi
drnvn piri vnr sb ustnj ns ugi pnrsh
pnrshgi
gi fnzqubgi
fnzqubgi.. Mhgtnstn nstis pprncugtis
rncugtis (mu
(muigjh
igjh gijb
gijbnn
nstâ nsmum`igjh)?
• ¸Zrith i ai vbji mhfh sb kunri ug nspnoh h ugi vngtigi8
• ¸\bngsh ng ais pnrshgis qun mhghzmh y fn prnhmuph phr sus gnmnsbjijns8
• ¸Fn fhansth muigjh ais mhsis gh rnsuatig mhfh yh qubnrh8
• ¸Ais pnrshgis qun fnohr fn mhghmng jbmng qun shy ugi pnrshgi mhg ai qun ns
jbkæmba mhgvbvbr8
• ¸Fn jbscusti cistir jbgnrh ng htris pnrshgis8 ¸Jbnzfh y jhy cngnrhsifngtn i
ais fbsbhgns8
• ¸]hy ug pnrjnjhr ifidan8
• ¸Fn nghoh mhg Jbhs muigjh ai vbji gh trigsmurrn mhfh yh mrnh qun jndnræi8
• ¸Fn fhansti iyujir i htrhs muigjh yi tngch fbs prhpbhs paigns8
• ¸\nrsbsth ng `imnr iach qun sâ qun brrbti h aistbfi i iacubng mnrmigh i fæ8
• ¸Nsthy irribcijh i fbs mhstufdrns8 ¸Fn gbnch i mifdbir8
• ¸Fn nghoh sb gh rnmbdh fb phrmbýg jn pig, vncntians, kruti, mirgn, thrti h pistna8
• ¸Z¸Zngch
ngch ai tngjngmbi i jnkngjnrfn y i jbsmutbr muigjh iacubng fn mrbtbmi8
• ¸Fn qunoh y prhtnsth fum`h8
• ¸]hy yh na qun fés `idai muigjh nsthy mhg htrhs8 ¸]hy ug dung hyngtn8 9
Ai fiai ghtbmbi ns qun thjhs shfhs nchæstis ng hmisbhgns phrqun tngnfhs ‑nch‖. \ 94 ¸Ng quâ sn
[bvbfhs ng ug munrph jn mirgn. Ouig ghs rnmunrji qun ahs snrns `ufighs ditiaaifhs jbknrngmbig ahs mrnyngtns
fijurhs jn ahs mrnyngtns
mhg ‑…ahs jnsnhs jn ai mirgn, ahs jnsnhs jn ahs hohs, y ai vigicahrbi jn ai vbji…‖
bgkigtbans8
(9 Og 4?9;). Zhjhs aum`ifhs mhgtri ahs jnsnhs nchæstis jn ai mirgn y jna fugjh. \nrh
ai dungi ghtbmbi ns qun \idah nsmrbdbý 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=, gh piri mhgjngirghs sbgh piri
iyujirghs. Ahs gbùhs pnqunùhs pbngsig prbgmbpiafngtn ng naahs fbsfhs. \hr nsh \idah ans
jboh i ahs mhrbgtbhs? ‑@nrfighs, gh snébs gbùhs ng na fhjh jn pngsir… pnrh fijurhs ng
na fhjh jn pngsir‖ (9 Mh 9:?4<). Ahs pngsifbngths jn ug gbùh sn mngtrig ng sæ fbsfh.
Ahs gbùhs pnqunùhs mhfh jn jhs iùhs itrivbnsig phr ugi ntipi jn nchæsfh. Na
fugjh ngtnrh cbri iarnjnjhr jn naahs. Gh qubnrng mhfpirtbr sus oucuntns. ^sig krisns
mhfh? ‑Fb fifé ns fnohr qun tu fifi‖. Krnmungtnfngtn, rnpbtng ai piaidri ‑¡Fæh!‖.
Ahs pnrjhgifhs phrqun shg bgfijurhs. R ns muigjh mhfngzifhs i ngsnùirans mýfh
oucir mhg ahs jnfés. Ahs gbùhs jndng iprngjnr i mhfpirtbr y i snr cngnrhshs. \nrh
¡ns trbstn vnr ijuaths qun imtÿig mhfh sb tuvbnrig jhs iùhs! Na ipýstha \idah jnsnidi
qun ai bcansbi jn Mhrbgth mrnmbnri. Ans jboh qun ¡jnoirig jn mhfphrtirsn mhfh gbùhs y
mhfngzirig i pngsir mhfh ijuaths! (9 Mh 9:?4<).

04 Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

Na abjnrizch nspbrbtuia ns iach qun tngnfhs qun ijfbgbstrir fhfngth i fhfngth,

* nchmâgtrbmis.. Na bgtnrâs
jæi tris jæi. Ahs psbmýahchs aaifig i ais pnrshgis nchæstis *nchmâgtrbmis
jn ugi pnrshgi nchæsti nsté ng snr snrvbji ng vnz jn snrvbr. Ahs aæjnrns nchæstis
\ 9= ¸Yuâ pnmijhs imipirig ah fnohr piri naahs fbsfhs. Tnnoig ai imtbtuj jn ahs `bohs jn Naæ, Hkgb y
mhfntbnrhg Hkgb y Kbgnns Kbgnns. Jbhs aaifý i nsths `hfdrns piri qun kunrig nonfpahs pbijhshs y cubirig i
sbngjh aæjnrns8 ahs bsrinabtis ng sigtbjij y oustbmbi. \nrh Hkgb y Kbgnns nrig aæjnrns nchæstis. Gh
nstidig prnpirijhs piri abjnrir.
abjnri r. Tnmunrjn su nchæsfh, mýfh idusirhg jn su phsbmbýg
 pbijh si y ai kkhrfi
pbijhsi hrfi snvn
snvnri
ri nngg qun Jbhs ahs ttritý
ritý phr ssnrvb
nrvbrsn
rsn i sæ f
fbsfhs
bsfhs ng au
aucir
cir jn
i ahs jnfés.
\ 9: ¸Ahs aæjnrns qun Zýfnsn uugg pir jn fbguth
fbguthss piri annr ai `bsthrbi jn ahs `bohs jn Naæ, Hkgb y Kbgnns
ustnj mhghmn sn sbrvng i sæ (9 ] 4?94-935 44-4>). ‑Ahs `bohs jn Naæ nrig `hfdrns bfpæhs, y gh tngæig mhghmbfbngth
fbsfhs h sbrvng i ais hvnois
jn On`hvé‖ (9 ] 4?94). Nsths `bohs nrig aæjnrns nchæstis. \iri naahs, na abjnrizch gh
jn Jbhs8 Nxpabqun. sn tritidi jn cubir ia pundah jn Jbhs phr ahs mifbghs jn ai oustbmbi. \hr na mhgtrirbh,
nsths aæjnrns oývngns y nchæstis vnæig na abjnrizch mhfh ugi hphrtugbjij piri rhdir y
piri mhfntnr pnmijhs snxuians mhg na pundah jn Jbhs. Naahs nstidig aanghs jn auourbi
y vimæhs jn ifhr. \ngsidig qun nstidig phr ngmbfi jn ais anyns jn Jbhs. Mhg na
tbnfph, Jbhs aancý i nstir tig nghoijh mhg ai misi jn Naæ, qun ans qubtý ai vbji ia pijrn
y i sus `bohs ng ug shah jæi. R Jbhs ourý qun gugmi fés `idræi gbgcÿg simnrjhtn jna
abgion jn Naæ.
\ 9> Mhgtristn na 43
‑R vbgh ug virýg jn Jbhs i Naæ, y an jboh? Isæ `i jbm`h On`hvé? ¸Gh fn figbknstâ
jnstbgh jn ahs qun `hgrig i yh mairifngtn i ai misi jn tu pijrn, muigjh nstidig ng Ncbpth ng misi jn
Jbhs mhg na jn ahs qun
ah jns`hgrig.
Kiriýg8 40 R yh an nsmhcæ phr fb simnrjhtn ngtrn thjis ais trbdus jn Bsrina, piri
qun hkrnmbnsn shdrn fb iatir, y qunfisn bgmbngsh, y aanvisn nkhj jnaigtn jn fæ5 y jb
i ai misi jn tu pijrn thjis ais hkrngjis jn ahs `bohs jn Bsrina. 42 ¸\hr quâ `idâbs
\ 9; ¸\bngsi ustnj qun
`haaijh fbs simrbmbhs y fbs hkrngjis,
hkrngjis, qun yh figjâ hkrnmnr ng na tidnrgémuah5 y
na oubmbh jn Jbhs shdrn Naæ,
Hkgb y Kbgnns kun jnfisbijh `is `hgrijh i tus `bohs fés qun i fæ, ngchrj
ngchrjégjhhs
égjhhs jn ah prbgmbpia jn thjis ais
snvnrh piri ahs aæjnrns8 hkrngjis jn fb pundah Bsrina8 =< \hr tigth,
tigth, On`hvé
On`hvé na Jbhs jn Bsrina
Bsrina jbmn? Rh `idæi
`idæi
Oustbqun su rnspunsti. jbm`h qun tu misi y ai misi jn tu pijrn igjiræig jnaigtn jn fæ pnrpntuifngtn5
fis i`hri `i jbm`h On`hvé? Gugmi yh tia `ici, phrqun yh `hgrirâ i ahs qun fn fn
`hgrig, y ahs qun fn jnsprnmbig snrég tngbjhs ng phmh . @n iquæ, vbngng jæis
=9

ng qun mhrtirâ tu drizh y na drizh jn ai misi jn tu pijrn, jn fhjh qun gh `iyi

igmbigh ng tu misi. =4 [nrés tu misi `ufbaaiji, fbngtris Jbhs mhafi jn dbngns i
Bsrina5 y ng gbgcÿg
gbgcÿg tbnfph `idré igmbigh misi. == Na virýg jn ahs tuyhs qun
igmbigh ng tu misi.
yh gh mhrtn jn fb iatir,
iatir, snré piri mhgsufbr tus hohs y aangir tu iafi jn jhahr5 y
thjhs ahs gimbjhs ng tu misi fhrbrég ng ai njij vbrba. =: R tn snré phr snùia nsth
qun imhgtnmnré i tus jhs `bohs, Hkgb y Kbgnns? ifdhs fhrbrég ng ug jæi. => R
yh fn susmbtirâ
susm btirâ ug simnrjhtn
simn rjhtn na, qun `ici mhgk
mhgkhrfn
hrfn i fb mhrizýg
mhriz ýg y i fb
iafi5 y yh an njbmirâ misi rfn, y igjiré jnaigtn jn fæ ugcbjh thjhs ahs
jæis. =; R na qun `udbnrn qunjijh ng tu misi vngjré i phstrirsn jnaigtn jn âa
phr ugi fhgn
fhgnji
ji jn paiti y ug dhmij
dhmijhh jn pig, jbmbâ
jbmbâgjhan
gjhan?? Zn runch qun fn

icrncuns
pig‖ (9 ] i4?43-=;).
iacugh. jn ahs fbgbstnrbhs, piri qun punji mhfnr ug dhmijh jn
4?43-=;)
Ai shaumbýg? fijurifhs mhfh aæjnrns i fnjbji qun sncubfhs i Mrbsth y mrnmnfhs
ng crimbi.
Onsÿs ns na nonfpah pnrknmth jn iatrubsfh. Na ifhr simrbmi, ji y mhfpirtn. \bngsi ng
ahs jnfés, gh shaifngtn ng sæ fbsfh. ‑\hrqun jn tia fignri ifý Jbhs ia fugjh, qun
`i jijh i su @boh ugbcâgbth‖ (Og =?9;). Na \ijrn, na @boh y na Nspærbtu ]igth nstuvbnrhg
\ 93 ¸Muéans shg ng thtia imunrjh mhg na paig jn siavimbýg. Isæ qun, vnfhs i Jbhs @boh, anvigtégjhsn jn
iacugis fignris ng ais qun su trhgh y jnsphoégjhsn jn sus vnstbjuris rnians. [ [nfhs
nfhs ia Tny jnsmngjnr jna mbnah piri
Onsÿs ifý sbg aæfbtns8
gimnr mhfh ug sbnrvh ng ug nstidah. Ng Onsÿs, hdsnrvifhs na ifhr sbg aæfbtns. Tnmhrrbý
thjh na triynmth jnsjn na mbnah `isti ai tbnrri, i ai mruz y ia snpuamrh piri rnjbfbrghs.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 0=

Ai dungi ghtbmbi ns qun i fnjbji qun fijurifhs ng Mrbsth, iprngjnfhs i gncirghs \ 90 ¸Yuâ ns ah
i ghshtrhs fbsfhs y i ifir i htrhs, isæ mhfh ghs ififhs i ghshtrhs fbsfhs. Na ifhr dungh qun sumnjn muigjh
gh ns nchæsti, gh pbngsi shaifngtn ng sæ fbsfh. Na ifhr sbcun ahs pishs jn Onsÿs qun ahs aæjnrns pnrfignmng
sbcubngjh i Onsÿs8
vbgh gh piri snr snrvbjh sbgh piri snrvbr i ahs jnfés (Ft 4<?40). Iacug
Iacughs
hs aæjnrns, mhfh
na pisthr @ig jn ai `bsthrbi jn ai ipnrturi jn nsti anmmbýg, rntrhmnjng ng vnz jn ivigzir.
\nrh ahs qun sbcung i Onsÿs fijurig y iprngjng i ifir mhfh Âa ifi.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, na prbvbancbh mhgaanvi rnsphgsidbabjij. I qubng Jbhs an ji fum`h,
an nxbcn fum`h (Am 94?:0). Gh jnsmubjn su aaifijh i abjnrir, mhfh ah `bmbnrhg Hkgb,
Kbgnns y na pisthr @ig. Gh usn bgmhrrnmtifngtn su phsbmbýg jn abjnrizch gb idusn piri
sitbskimnr sus prhpbhs jnsnhs mirgians.
3
‑Gh hs ngciùâbs5 Jbhs gh punjn snr duraijh? puns thjh ah qun na `hfdrn
snfdrirn,
snfdrirn, nsh tifdbâg snciré. 0 \hrqun na qun sbnfdri piri su mirgn, jn ai mirgn
mirgn
 snciré mhrrupmbýg5
mhrrupmbýg5 fis na qun sb sbnfdri
nfdri piri na Nspærbtu
Nspærbtu,, jna Nspær
Nspærbtu
btu snciré vbji
ntnrgi. Gh ghs migsnfhs, puns
2
puns,, jn `imnr dbng5 phr
phrqun
qun i ssuu tbnfph sncirnf
sncirnfhs,
hs, sb
gh jnsfiyifhs. Isæ qun, sncÿg tngcifhs hphrtugbjij,
9< hphrtugbjij, `icifhs dbng i thjhs,
thjhs,
y fiyhrfngtn i ahs jn ai kifbabi
kifbabi jn ai kn‖ (Cé ;?3-9<).
;?3-9<).
Ahs ipýsthans jn Onsÿs nrig bgfijurhs n bdig phr na mifbgh nqubvhmijh. Ia mhgtrirbh
jn Mrbsth, qubng pisý jn snr rny i snr sbnrvh, ahs ipýsthans qunræig mhgvnrtbrsn ng
rnyns. ]u mhgmnpth jn abjnrizch nri sngtirsn ng ug trhgh, figjir i htrhs y jbskrutir jn
phsbmbýg, phjnr, prnstbcbh, phpuairbjij y prbvbancbhs. Nsths oývngns ipýsthans pngsidig \ 92 Muigjh Oimhdh
qun na pipna jn ahs aæjnrns nri snr ifijhs y snrvbjhs phr ais pnrshgis. \hjnfhs ngtngjnr y Ouig kunrhg aæjnrns
na pngsifbngth fugjigh jn ahs jbsmæpuahs muigjh fbridig i ahs igtnrbhrns phjnrhshs bgfijurhs, ¸mýfh
jnfhstrirhg na nchæsfh8
rnyns mirgians jn Bsrina. Nsths rnyns nrig fhjnahs kifhshs y nonfpahs qun ahs ipýsthans
y thjh Bsrina ijfbridig. ]u mhrizýg nstidi aangh jn bjnis jn ug rnbgh tnrrngia y jn rnyns
tnrrngians. R nspnridig qun Onsÿs, na fés crigjn jn thjhs ahs rnyns y aæjnrns jn Bsrina,
kunri snrvbjh iÿg ng fiyhr fnjbji phr iqunaahs shdrn qubngns rnbgidi. Ais piaidris
jn Onsÿs jndbnrhg shrprngjnrahs mhg su ngsnùigzi jn qun na ifhr gh ns nchæsti, qun
gh dusmi qun ah sbrvig sbgh snrvbr. Tnmunrjn ai ishfdrhsi ngsnùigzi jn gunstrh ]nùhr
imnrmi jn ahs aæjnrns qun ifig phr fnjbh jna snrvbmbh?
4< ‑Ngthgmns sn an imnrmý ai fijrn jn ahs `bohs jn _ndnjnh mhg sus `bohs, phstrégjhsn

igtn âa y pbjbâgjhan iach. 49 Na an

an jbo
jboh?
h? ¸Y
¸Yuâ
uâ qu
qubnr
bnrns8
ns8 N
Naai
aai an jb
jboh?
oh? H
Hrjn
rjngi
gi qqun
un ng tu
rnbgh sn sbngtng nsths jhs `bohs fæhs, na ugh i tu jnrnm`i, y na htrh i tu bzqubnrji.
44
Ngthgmns
Ngthgmns Onsÿs rnsphgj
rnsphgjbngjh
bngjh,, jboh? Gh sidâbs
sidâbs ah qun pnjæs.
pnjæs. ¸\hjâ
¸\hjâbs
bs dndnr jna vish
qun yh `n jn dndnr, y snr diutbzijhs mhg na diutbsfh mhg qun yh shy diutbzijh8 R
naahs an jbonrhg? \hjnfhs. 4= Na ans jboh?
jboh? I ai vvnrj
nrjij,
ij, jn fb vi
vish
sh dndnr
dndnrâbs,
âbs, y mhg na
diutbsfh mhg qun yh shy diutbzijh, snrâbs diutbzijhs5 pnrh na sngtirhs i fb jnrnm`i
y i fb
fb bzq
bzqubnr
ubnrji,
ji, gghh ns fæh jjirah,
irah, sbgh i iqu
iqunaahs
naahs piri qubng
qubngns
ns nst
nstéé pr
prnpiri
npirijhjh ph
phrr
fb \ijrn. Muigjh ahs jbnz hynrhg nsth, sn nghoirhg mhgtri ahs jhs `nrfighs.
4:

4>
Ngthgmns
Ngthg mns Ons
Onsÿs,
ÿs, aa
aaifégj
ifégjhahs,
hahs, jboh? ]idâbs qun ahs chdnrgigtns jn jn ais gimbhgns
sn ngsnùhrnig jn naais, y ahs qun shg crigjns nonrmng shdrn naais phtnstij.
4;
Fis ngtrn vhshtrhs gh snré isæ, sbgh qun na qun qubnri `imnrsn crigjn ngtrn
43
vhshtrhs snré vunstrh snrvbjhr, y na qun qubnri snr na prbfnrh ngtrn vhshtrhs
snré vunstrh sbnrvh5 40 mhfh na @boh jna @hfdrn gh vbgh piri snr snrvbjh, sbgh
piri snrvbr, phr fum`hs‖ (Ft 4<?4<-40).
snrvbr, y piri jir su vbji ng rnsmitn phr 4<?4<-40).
Na ifhr gh ns nchæsti. Ng sus prbfnrhs iùhs mhfh ipýsthans, Oimhdh y Ouig rnnoirhg \ 4< ¸Mýfh mifdbirhg
ai imtbtuj mirgia jn Hkgb y Kbgnns. Nsths oývngns ipýsthans qubsbnrhg hdtngnr ahs fnohrns y fijurirhg Oimhdh y Ouig
i fnjbji qun mhgtbguirhg
trhghs piri naahs. \nrh ai dungi ghtbmbi ns qun gh mhgtbguirhg sbngjh nchæstis sbcubngjh i Onsÿs8
phrqun, mhgkhrfn sbcubnrhg i Onsÿs y mifbgirhg ng na Nspærbtu ]igth, iprngjbnrhg
i ngkhmirsn ng ais gnmnsbjijns jn ahs jnfés. Jbhs ah aaifi i ustnj i cubir i sus hvnois,
gh i trisqubairais. Âa ah aaifi i simrbmir su vbji phr ais hvnois, gh i simrbmir i ais
hvnois phr su vbji. Âa aaifi i snrvbr, gh i snr snrvbjh. Na ifhr gh ns nchæsti.

0: Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, na aaifijh i abjnrir ns ug aaifijh i ifir phr fnjbh jna snrvbmbh i
htrhs. \nrfbti qun na Nspærbtu ]igth cuæn sus pngsifbngths piri qun sni ug aæjnr qun
ifi. ¸Mrnn qun ahs aæjnrns, h bgmaush ahs ipýsthans, mifbgig ia krngtn jn ai ai8 ¸Mrnn
qun Jbhs aaifi i ahs aæjnrns i chdnrgir y rnbgir mhfh rnyns8 Nsti nri ai imtbtuj jn
Jbýtrnkns. ]b ustnj pbngsi jn nsti fignri, ns fuy dungh qun nstâ nstujbigjh nstn mursh.
Tnmunrjn ah qun \idah, na crig ipýstha, jboh shdrn mýfh sn jndnræi cubir, ifir y snrvbr?
0
‑Ri nstébs simbijhs, yi nstébs rbmhs, sbg ghshtrhs rnbgébs. ¡R hoiaé rnbgisnbs,
piri qun ghshtrhs
ghshtrhs rnbgés
rnbgésnfhs
nfhs tifdbâg ougtifngt
ougtifngtnn mhg vhshtrhs! 2 \hrqun sncÿg
pbngsh, Jbhs ghs `i nx`bdbjh i ghshtrhs ahs ipýsthans mhfh phstrnrhs, mhfh i
sngtngmbijhs i funrtn5 puns `nfhs aancijh i snr nspnmtémuah ia fugjh, i ahs
égcnans y i ahs `hfdrns. 9< Ghshtrhs shfhs bgsngsiths phr ifhr jn Mrbsth, fis
vhshtrhs prujngtns ng Mrbsth5 ghshtrhs jâdbans, fis vhshtrhs kunrtns5 vhshtrhs
`hghridans, fis ghshtrhs jnsprnmbijhs. 99 @isti nsti `hri pijnmnfhs `ifdrn,
tngnfhs snj, nstifhs jnsgujhs, shfhs idhkntnijhs, y gh tngnfhs fhriji
oi. Ghs kitbcifhs tridioigjh mhg gunstris prhpbis fighs5 ghs fiajbmng, y
94
dngjnmbfhs5 pijnmnfhs pnrsnmumbýg, y ai shphrtifhs. 9= Ghs jbkifig, y rhcif
rhcifhs5
hs5
`nfhs vngbjh i snr `isti i`hri mhfh ai nsmhrbi jna fugjh, na jnsnm`h jn
thjhs‖ (9 Mh :?0-9=).
:?0-9=).
 \iri abjnrir mhg ifhr, jndnfhs phgnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn htrhs ia fbsfh gbvna
qun gunstris prhpbis gnmnsbjijns. Jbhs sn mhfpaimn ng qun ghs ifnfhs i ghshtrhs
fbsfhs. \nrh jndnfhs primtbmir na ifir i ahs jnfés tigth mhfh ghs ififhs i ghshtrhs
fbsfhs. R, shdrn thjh, Âa ghs aaifi i ifirah i Âa mhg thjh gunstrh mhrizýg, gunstri
iafi, fngtn y kunrzi. Isæ qun, mhfh aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, gunstris prbhrbjijns snig ifir
i Jbhs y i ahs jnfés, ng aucir jn ngifhrirghs jn ghshtrhs fbsfhs.
\ 49 Ng Kbabpngsns 9?43”4?=<, ¸muéa ns na tnfi qun \idah baustri sbntn vnmns8

Kbabpngsns Gh shah fbs bgtnrnsns ]bgh tifdbâg ahs bgtnrnsns jn htrhs

I. Gh shah piri fæ mrnnr ng Mrbsth y ]bgh tifdbâg sukrbr phr Âa, piri phjnr rnaimbhgirfn mhg ahs
9?43-=<
snr siavh. jnfés y qun naahs sn rnaimbhgng mhgfbch.
4?9-: D. Gh shah fb bgtnrâs jn nstir ugbjh ]bgh tifdbâg ahs bgtnrnsns y ai siavimbýg jn htrhs.
i Mrbsth.
]bgh qun tifdbâg sn `bzh giji? ug sbnrvh `ufigh
4?>-99 M. Gh shah kun Mrbsth Jbhs phr giturianzi.
piri rnjbfbrghs.
4?94-9;5 J. Gh shah fn prnhmuph phr fb rnaimbýg
]bgh tifdbâg phr fb rnaimbýg `hrbzhgtia mhg htrhs.
:?4-= vnrtbmia mhg Jbhs.
4?93-905 N. Gh shah chzhsh muigjh hdtngch ah fnohr ]bgh tifdbâg chzhsh muigjh htrhs mhgsbcung ah qun ns
:?:, 9<-9= piri fæ. fnohr piri naahs.
K. Gh shah mubji Zbfhtnh jn sus prhpbhs
4?92-4: ]bgh tifdbâg jn ahs bgtnrnsns jn Onsumrbsth.
bgtnrnsns.
C. Gh shah ah qun Npikrhjbth punjn `imnr ]bgh tifdbâg ah qun âa punjn `imnr phr sæ fbsfh y phr htrhs
4?4>-=<
phr fæ. mrnyngtns jn Kbabphs.
Kbcuri =.: Ng Kbabpngsns 9?43”4?=<, vnfhs sbntn nonfpahs (I”C) qun baustrig na p prbgmbpbh?
rbgmbpbh?
‑gh fbrigjh miji ugh phr ah suyh prhpbh, sbgh miji muia tifdbâg phr ah jn ahs htrhs‖ (Kba 4?:).

Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, phmh bfphrti muég crigjn sni ustnj h muégths tiangths tngci. Na
abjnrizch krumtæknrh gh jnpngjn jn sus `idbabjijns `ufigis, su ipirbngmbi, su sicimbjij
gb jn ah bgtnabcngtn qun sni. Na abjnrizch krumtæknrh gh jnpngjn jn ai miabmimbýg qun
hdtngci ng nstn mursh gb jn ai migtbjij jn prnpirimbýg imijâfbmi qun rnmbdi. Nstujbir
ai snrbn jn Kn y Immbýg ns ug dung kugjifngth piri na rnsth jn su vbji. \nrh ai crig
prncugtii piri ustnj mhfh aaæjnr
prncugt æjnr ns nsti? ¸Ifiré ustnj i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis i`hri y
miji jæi jn su vbji8 ¸\rimtbmiré ifir i su prýobfh isæ mhfh sn ifi i sæ fbsfh8 Na
ifhr gh ns nchæsti. ¸\hgjré ng prémtbmi ai pimbngmbi y ifidbabjij y nvbtiré ai ngvbjbi8
¸Mhhpnriré mhg na Nspærbtu ]igth piri snr `ufbajn, mhrtâs y jnsbgtnrnsijh8 Nstis shg
iacugis jn ais muiabjijns FÉ] BF\HTZ IGZN] jn ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia. Ng Abjnrizch 4,
BF\HTZIGZN] 4,

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 0>

nstujbirnfhs fum`is `idbabjijns piri abjnrir. \nrh piri snr krumtæknrh mhfh aæjnr, ustnj
jndn tngnr na ifhr shdrngituria jn Jbhs uyngjh phr fnjbh suyh jnsjn na bgbmbh
`isti na gia. R jndn viahrir, sncubr y imnptir ais anmmbhgns jn Abjnrizch 9. Aunch,
nstiré prnpirijh piri nstujbir ais `idbabjijns jn Abjnrizch 4.
¸@i vbsth nonfpahs jn aæjnrns nchæstis h iatrubstis ng ai mhgcrncimbýg8 ]b ns isæ, \ 44 ¸Muéa ns ai muri
¸phjræi phr kivhr prnpirir ugi absti prbviji y hrir piri qun na Nspærbtu ]igth aangn i ahs jna nchæsfh piri ghshtrhs
fbsfhs y piri htrhs8
aæjnrns nchæstis mhg ifhr `imbi ahs jnfés8 ¸[n
¸[n ustnj rischs nchæstis ng su prhpbi vbji8
¡Icrncun su ghfdrn i su absti prbviji! Hrn piri nstir vbcbaigtn y nvbtir ai trifpi ng ai
qun na fbsfh jbidah miyý. Mhfprhfâtisn i phgnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn htrhs mhfh
prbhrbjij ng su absti. R qun thjhs dusqunfhs snr aanghs jna ifhr jbvbgh jæi tris jæi.
Na ifhr ns ai shaumbýg ia prhdanfi jna nchæsfh. I fnjbji qun mifbgnfhs ng ifhr,
nxpnrbfngtirnfhs ai iprhdimbýg jn Jbhs phrqun na ifhr gh ns nchæsti.

Anmmbýg Na ifhr gh sn brrbti? primtbmi na jhfbgbh prhpbh (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3).

Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr phr quâ ug aæjnr jndn snr tirjh piri nghoirsn.

94 Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir ahs muitrh mifbghs qun phjræi thfir ugi pnrshgi nghoiji.
Hdontbvh M? Igiabzir ais khrfis
khrfis ng qun ug aæjnr punjn vngmnr ai bri.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh jn mýfh pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi snr iatrubstis jnspuâs jn
nstujbir ai anmmbýg 99.
\ 4= Mhfpantn ai curi =.> igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn y
qun miji ugh ng jhs fbguths mungtn sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn snr iatrubsti.
 Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn snr iatrubsti
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir snr iatrubsti?

Kbcuri =.> \rimtbmir mýfh snr iatrubsti ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).

\ 4: ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ais `bsthrbis jn sus mhfpiùnrhs jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn na ifhr gh nchæsti piri thji ai maisn
\ 4> ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 4; ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri =.; Mhfpirtbr mhg

mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng na iatrubsfh.
C. ‑Na ifhr gh sn brrbti‖ (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
Na prhdanfi? ugi rnspunsti mhg bri gh mhgjumn ia paig ousth jn Jbhs (]tc 9?92- 4<).
Ai curi =.3 funstri mbgmh gbvnans jn ai bri. Mhfh na icui ng ugi haai, ai bri punjn
virbir jnsjn na miangtifbngth `isti ai nduaabmbýg.

0; Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

\ 43 ¸Muéans shg ahs mbgmh gbvnans jn ai bri jnsjn na fnghr `isti na fiyhr8 (Kbcuri =.3).

Ki`rng`nbt Mnasbus

494 9<< >. Ngkurnmbjh? vbhangth, kunri jn mhgtrha nfhmbhgia y fngtia5 ugi
pnrshgi ngkurnmbji jbkæmbafngtn sidn ah qun nsté `imbngjh. Ki` rrn
n g`
g` nb
nb t Mn as
as bu
bu s

:. Kurbhsh? Ai pnrshgi kurbhsi punjn crbtir, rhfpnr mhsis 494 9<<

92: 2< 92: 2<
h chapnir.
93; 0<
93; 0< =. Ibrijh? Funstri ug kunrtn
kunrtn jnsnh jn vngcigzi. 9>0 3<
9:< ;<
4. Hkngjbjh h ifngizijh? ]bngtn ai gnmnsbjij jn mhrrncbr
9>0 3<
ug nrrhr.
9:< ;< 9. Brrbtijh? ]n sbngtn fhansth, krustrijh h pnrturdijh.
Kbcuri =.3 Crijhs jn
jn ai bri, jnsjn na miangtifbngth `isti ai nduaabmbýg.
\ 40 ¸Ng quâ sn pirnmn ^g igtbcuh prhvnrdbh jbmn? ‑I ahs qun ahs jbhsns qubnrng jnstrubr, prbfnrh ahs
ugi pnrshgi nghoiji i ug ngahqunmng‖ (simig jn qubmbh). 4 \hr supunsth, mrnnfhs qun `iy ug shah Jbhs. \nrh nstn
zhrrbaah h ugi fhknti8
vbnoh prhvnrdbh baustri qun ai bri ghs jndbabti y ghs iguai, gudai gunstrh pngsifbngth y
\ 42 ¸Mýfh ns qun
ghs ngmncunmn piri gh vnr ai shaumbýg jn Jbhs. Ai bri prhjumn ug rubjh ng
ais pnrshgis nghoijis gunstrh bgtnrbhr qun ghs bfpbjn nsmum`ir na suivn susurrh jna Nspærbtu
nstég fnghs sncuris y fés ]igth. Muigjh mifbgifhs nghoijhs, vifhs ng ai jbrnmmbýg nqubvhmiji.
prhpngsis i ahs itiquns
itiquns jn \hrqun ai bri jn ai mirgn ns ‑tnrrngi
‑tnrrngia,a, igbfia, jbidýabmi‖ (]tc =?9>). R
sus ngnfbchs8
isæ mhfh i ais pnrshgis gh ans custi nstir mnrmi jn ug zhrrbaah, nvbtig
nstir mnrmi jn ugi pnrshgi qun ns mhghmbji phr su bri. \hr na mhgtrirbh,
ai sidbjuræi qun vbngn jna mbnah ns pimæmi y mhgsbjnriji (]tc =?93).
Kbcuri =.0 Muigjh ugi fhknti h zhrrbaah sn shdrnsiati, anvigti
ai mhai y rhmæi ah
a h qun prhjumn ug tnrrbdan hahr. Nstn igbfia tbngn
tig fiai rnputimbýg qun gijbn qubnrn nstir mnrmi jn âa. Jn bcuia
fignri, iqunaahs qun nxpahtig jn bri prhgth jnsmudrng qun ai
fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis nvbti nstir mnrmi jn naahs.

Fhbsâs kun ug aæjnr i qubng Jbhs usý jn fum`is fignris. Âa mhgjuoh ia pundah jn
 Jbhs kunri jna yuch jn ai nsmaivbtuj jn Ncbpth. Ahs fhajný `isti mhgvnrtbrahs ng ugi
gimbýg. Nsmrbdbý na \ngtitnumh. ]bg aucir i jujis, Fhbsâs kun ugh jn ahs fés crigjns
\
bri=<
¸Mýfh pujh ai
pnroujbmir i Fhbsâs aæjnrns qun `iyimaivn
ahs fhfngths nxbstbjh.
jn su]bg nfdirch,
vbji, Fhbsâsaum`ý
pnrjæithji
ahs su vbji mhg
nstrbdhs na `idbabjij
y su prhdanfi jn ai pngsir
piri bri. Ng
mhfh aæjnr8
mairifngtn. Ai prbfnri nxpahsbýg jn bri jn ai muia annfhs kun muigjh fitý i ug ncbpmbh
qun fiatritidi i ug bsrinabti (Âx 4?99-94). ]n ngmngjbý jn bri gunvifngtn y nstrnaaý ai
tidai jn ahs jbnz figjifbngths qun Jbhs nsmrbdbý (Âx =4?92). R jnspuâs jn cubir i ahs
bsrinabtis phr trnbgti y hm`h iùhs ng na jnsbnrth, sn jnsdhrjý su bri y chapný ai rhmi i ai
qun Jbhs an jboh qun an `idairi (Gf 4<?0-99). I Fhbsâs gh sn an mhghmæi mhfh ug
`hfdrn jn fia cngbh. Gh nri mhfh na `hfdrn qun jboh? ‑¡Zng ‑¡Zngch
ch ahs gnrvbhs jn pugti y
ustnj fn simi jn qubmbh!‖. \nrh i pnsir jn sus crigjns `iziùis, ai bri hmisbhgý qun âa
furbnri i pugth jn mhfpantir ai fbsbýg jn su vbji. = Fhbsâs sn rnchmboiræi sb iprngjbâsnfhs
jn su bri. Yun âa ghs rnmunrjn qun jndnfhs `ufbaairghs y jnpngjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth
piri hdtngnr na kruth jn jhfbgbh prhpbh. ‑…phrqun ai bri jna `hfdrn gh hdri ai oustbmbi
jn Jbhs‖ (]tc 9?4<). Gb ngthgmns, gb i`hri, gb gugmi. \idah ans hrjngi i ahs mrnyngtns?
‑Yuætngsn jn vhshtrhs thji ifircuri, nghoh, bri, crbtnræi y fianjbmngmbi, y thji
fiabmbi‖ (Nk :?=9).
\ =9 Muigjh ustnj sn • Ais pnrshgis nghoijis punjng `ubr jna prhdanfi ia idigjhgir ai `idbtimbýg
nghoi, ¸ns prhdidan qun sn h ai sbtuimbýg. Nsth nvbti ugi nxpahsbýg jn bri. \nrfbtn ug pnrbhjh jn tbnfph
ianon h qun rnsphgji mhg
piaidris aangis jn hjbh8
hjbh8
piri mhgsbjnrir ai miusi. \nrh ianoirsn gh ns ugi shaumbýg pnrfigngtn. ^g nghoh
sbg rnshavnr punjn aanvir i ai ifircuri, ia sirmisfh y i ai mrætbmi. ^gi pnrshgi
ibriji sn vunavn nchmâgtrbmi, bfpimbngtn y rndnajn5 phr ah tigth, mrni tngsbýg ng
ai kifbabi.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 03

9. Ipirti
Ipirtirsn
rsn

\THDANFI

:. @imbi na 4. Bgtnrbhrbzir
prhdanfi

=. @imbi htrhs \ =4 ¸]ukrn ustnj jn

iacugh jn nsths prhdanfis
kæsbmhs h psbmhaýcbmhs8
Kbcuri =.2 @iy muitrh jbrnmmbhgns i ais qun ugi pnrshgi nghoiji punjn jbrbcbrsn. ¸\hjræi ai bri `imnrah sukrbr8
• Ais pnrshgis nghoijis punjng bgtnrbhrbzir ai bri gncigjh na prhdanfi. Nsth \ == ¸@i sbjh ustnj
ns imhfpiùijh phr prhdanfis kæsbmhs mhfh jhahrns jn midnzi, ÿamnris, prnsbýg væmtbfi bghmngtn jn ugi
iati y itiquns ia mhrizýg. Nsth phjræi aanvirah i rnimmbhgns sbmhaýcbmis mhfh pnrshgi qun nsté nghoiji
nghoiji
mhg htrh8 Baustrn.
igsbnjij, tnfhr, tngsbýg y jnprnsbýg.
• Ais pnrshgis nghoijis punjng jbrbcbr su bri `imbi htrhs ng vnz jn bgtngtir \ =: ¸@i sbjh ustnj
rnshavnr na prhdanfi. Ais pnrshgis punjng figbknstir idbnrtifngtn su jbscusth muapidan jn jnsi`hcir su bri
mhg iqunaahs qun ahs `ig hkngjbjh. H dbng, phjræig dusmir vngcigzi `idaigjh mhg ugi pnrshgi bghmngtn8
mhg sirmisfh ng `bsthrbis qun `imng rnær i htrhs. Iacu
Iacughs
ghs phjræig jbrbcbr su nghoh Nxpabqun.

`imbi iacubng bghmngtn ng aucir jn ia hkngshr. Nstis immbhgns shg ‑jn vngcigzi‖ \ => ¸\hr quâ
pnrh jnstrumtbvis. \idah ghs
ghs rnmunrji qun ai vngcigzi ns ug jnrnm`h jnjn Jbhs, gh prh`ædn Jbhs qun ghshtrhs
gunstrh (Th 94?92). dusqunfhs vngcigzi8

Ai shaumbýg? piri rnnfpaizir ai bri, rnvnstbrsn jna jhfbgbh prhpbh, ai dhgjij, ai

mhfpisbýg, na pnrjýg y na ifhr.
• Ais pnrshgis nghoijis punjng nsmhcnr ngkrngtir ai miusi jn su nghoh. Nsti \ =; ¸Muéa jn ais muitrh
ns ugi sidbi jnmbsbýg. fignris jn rnsphgjnr i ai
bri ns ai fnohr8 ¸\hr quâ8
\iri vngmnr ai bri, jndnfhs ijfbtbr qun nstifhs nghoijhs. Jndnfhs hrir y tritir jn
mhfprngjnr ai miusi jna nghoh. Ns phsbdan qun gnmnsbtnfhs vnr ai sbtuimbýg jnsjn ugi \ =3 Muigjh ustnj nsté
nghoijh, ¸nsté mhgsmbngtn
pnrspnmtbvi jbknrngtn. Ngthgmns jndnfhs `imnr ah qun sni fnohr piri imnptir h fnohrir
jn ai miusi nspnmæmi8
ai sbtuimbýg. Zngnfhs
Zngnfhs qun jnpngjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth piri hdtngnr su kruth jn jhfbgbh Nxpabqun.
prhpbh, dhgjij, mhfpisbýg,
mhfpisbýg, pnrjýg y ifhr
ifhr..
Muigjh sn triti jn jns`imnrghs jn ai bri, muigth fés répbjh ah `icifhs ns fnohr. Ahs \ =0 ¸\hr quâ jndnfhs
aæjnrns nspbrbtuians y jbnstrhs vngmng ai bri répbjifngtn, bgmaush sncugjhs jnspuâs jn nvbtir mhgsngtbr y thanrir ai bri
qun nsti sn figbnsti. Iacugis vnmns punjn thfirghs iacughs fbguths miafirghs. \nrh ng gunstrh mhrizýg8
gugmi jndnfhs pnrfbtbr qun ai bri sn igbjn ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr, mhfh ugi ciaabgi shdrn \ =2 ¸Muéans shg
su gbjh jn `unvhs5 h qun `bnrvi mhfh na icui ng ugi haai shdrn ai nstuki. Na sbnrvh jna iacugis fignris jn
]nùhr gh jndn snr mhgtngmbhsh sbgh ifidan mhg thjhs (4 Zb 4?4:-4>). Jndnfhs iprngjnr ianoirghs jn ai bri8
i nxprnsir gunstris nfhmbhgns jn fignri qun snifhs mhrtnsns y nvbtnfhs ai rujnzi. R
ng isugths pnrshgians, thjh nghoh jndnræi ipimbcuirsn ¡igtns jn qun sn phgci na sha! \uns
iqunaahs qun iabfngtig ai bri jurigtn ai ghm`n jnsmudrng qun mrnmn `isti mhgvnrtbrsn ng

00 Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

mhgtrhair.. Mhfh ijvbrtbý na siafbsti? ‑…ng fb fnjbtimbýg sn

ug cbcigtn qun gh punjng mhgtrhair
ngmngjbý kunch‖ (]ia =2?=). ‑Muigth fés pngsidi, fés fn ngirjnmæi `isti qun jbspirâ
ug kunch jn piaidris‖ (]ia =2?= GZ[). \ngsir ng ai bri ns mhfh phgnr anùi ng na kunch.
Fnjbtir ng naai ai `imn fés irjbngtn. \hjnfhs ianoirghs jn ai bri ia mifdbir gunstrhs
pngsifbngths phr fnjbh jna pnrjýg, ai mhfprngsbýg, jn mbtir ais Nsmrbturis, nanvir ugi
hrimbýg, migtir ug mhrh h anvigtir gunstris fighs piri jir crimbis. ‑Igjij ng ifhr‖
([ni Nk :?9, 935 >?0, 9>).
=4
‑Igtns snj dngbcghs ughs mhg htrhs, fbsnrbmhrjbhshs, pnrjhgégjhhs ughs i
htrhs, mhfh Jbhs tifdbâg hs pnrjhgý i vhshtrhs ng Mrbsth‖ (Nk :?=4).
:?=4).
9
‑]nj, puns, bfbtijhrns jn Jbhs mhfh `bohs ifijhs. 4 R igjij ng ifhr, mhfh
tifdbâg Mrbsth ghs ifý, y sn ngtrncý i sæ fbsfh phr ghshtrhs, hkrngji y simrbmbh
i Jbhs ng hahr kricigtn‖ (Nk >?9-4).
>?9-4).
Gh pnrjnfhs gunstris nfhmbhgns muigjh mhfngzifhs i sncubr i Onsÿs. R shah mhg
nskunrzh prhpbh, gh phjnfhs vngmnr ai bri. \nrh rnmunrjn ai mbfi jn ai fhgtiùi jn Nknsbhs.
Cahrbi i Jbhs, ‑qun ns phjnrhsh piri `imnr thjis ais mhsis fum`h fés idugjigtnfngtn
jn ah qun pnjbfhs h ngtngjnfhs, sncÿg na phjnr qun imtÿi ng ghshtrhs…‖ (Nk =?4<).
Muigjh mhhpnrifhs mhg na Nspærbtu ]igth, ah dusmifhs y jnpngjnfhs jn Âa, qubng
prhjumn na kruth jn jhfbgbh
jhfbgbh prhpbh ng ghshtrhs.

\
na :<
¸Mýfh punjn
Nspærbtu ]igth cubirah i Iacugi maisn jn bri ns pnmifbghsi,
oustbmijh yi qun kun phr miusi@iy
ousth.. Na nghoh jn Onsÿs nri oustbmijh
ousth pnrh htri gh ah ns. :
jn aiug`bphmrns
tbnfphæi,
piri
`bphmrnsæi, na na
fianghoh
ush
rnsphgjnr i ai bri ousti8
jn ai misi jn Jbhs y jn ai prnhmupimbýg jn iacughs phr ahs rncaifngths fés qun phr ais
pnrshgis.
pnrshg is. Muigjh vnfhs bgous
bgoustbmbi
tbmbi n bgbqub
bgbqubjij,
jij, tians mhsis jndnræ
jndnræig
ig ``imnrghs
imnrghs nghoir
nghoir.. Jn
Jndn
dn
mhgfhvnrghs qun iacubng jns`hgrn i Jbhs, prhkign su ghfdrn h rbjbmuabmn ahs prbgmbpbhs
dædabmhs.
dædabmhs. Ai bbgfhria
gfhriabjij,
bjij, na fi
fiatrit
atrithh i ahs phdrn
phdrnss y na iidush
dush h jn
jnsmubj
smubjhh jjnn fuo
fuonrns
nrns y ggbùhs
bùhs
jndng ngmngjnr gunstris nfhmbhgns. \nrh jndnfhs tngnr mubjijh, gh sni qun gunstri bri
sn siaci jn mhgtrha y imtunfhs jn fignris igtbmrbstbigis. Jndnfhs iprngjnr i nxprnsir
nfhmbhgns kunrtns jn fignri mrbstbigi. Nvbtnfhs jnrrbdir i ais pnrshgis mhg gunstris
mhgvbmmbhgns h mhg gunstris piaidris. \rimtbqunfhs ai `idbabjij jn snr mhrtnsns.
m hrtnsns. Zngnfhs
Zngnfhs
qun phgnran ug irgâs y ug krngh i ai bri, pnrfbtbngjh qun ai sidbjuræi jna Nspærbtu ]igth
uyi i trivâs jn ghshtrhs jn fignri `édba, cngtba, ifidan, mhfpisbvi y ifhrhsi. Ai bri ns
ns
ug sngtbfbngth qun jndnfhs iprngjnr i fignoir mhg ai iyuji jn Nspærbtu ]igth.
\ :9 ¸Muéa ns ugi ^gi fignri phsbtbvi jn jnsmrbdbr na ifhr ns? ‑Na ifhr mhgtrhai su tnfpnrifngth‖.
rnspunsti nspbrbtuia i ai
nfhmbýg jn ai bri8 Ai gbnci
sn bri kunri jn mhgtrhaynsghugi
i hdnjnmnr snùia jnahmirgiabjij
mhgsbcun n bgfijurnz.
qun qubnrn, Muigjh ug
su nghoh nxpahti. Âa gbùh pnqunùh
punjn crbtir,
chapnir, iriùir y aigzir mhsis. Ahs pijrns ifhrhshs an ngsnùirég qun, iugqun thjhs ghs
nghoifhs, phjnfhs mhgtrhair ai khrfi ng qun nxprnsifhs nsti nfhmbýg. Ahs pijrns
pimbngtns ans ngsnùig i su
suss `bohs ai `idbabjij jna iuthmhgtrh
iuthmhgtrha.a. Ngthgmns ahs gbùhs phjrég
nxprnsir sus nfhmbhgns gncitbvis jn ugi khrfi imnptidan. I fnjbji qun na gbùh mrnmn
 sn thfiré su tbnfph piri rnnxbhgir imnrmi jn su nghoh igtns jn `idair. Na gbùh iprngjn
i mhfprngjnr quâ an miusý ai bri, i hrir y i pnjbr jhfbgbh prhpbh, ug kruth jna Nspærbtu
]igth. Ngthgmns âa snré mipiz jn rnsphgjnr jn ugi fignri iprhpbiji. Jn bcuia jn
fignri, Jbhs jnsni qun sus fngsionrhs snig tirjhs piri nghoirsn (]tc 9?92). \hrqun
nsti ns ugi snùia jn qun ahs mrnyngtns shg pbijhshs, fijurhs y jbcghs jn snr nsmum`ijhs.
\ :4 ¸Muéans shg Jbhs tngæi fum`is rizhgns piri nghoirsn mhg Bsrina. Âa ahs abdnrý jn ai nsmaivbtuj
iacugis jn ais fignris jn Ncbpth. \nrh kunrhg fiaicrijnmbjhs. ]n qunoidig y jnshdnjnmæig. ]u pnhr tribmbýg
ng qun Jbhs `i sbjh ‑angth
piri ai bri‖ mhg htrhs y mhg
kun gncirah i Âa mhfh Jbhs y ¡ijhrir ug dnmnrrh
dn mnrrh jn hrh qun Iirýg `idæi kugjbjh mhg
sus ohyis! ]us fiais jnmbsbhgns ans prhjuonrhg tnrrbdans mhgsnmungmbis5 pnrh, iug
ustnj fbsfh8 isæ, Jbhs mhgtbguý ifégjhahs. ‑Gh qubsbnrhg
qubsbn rhg hær
hær,, gb sn imhrjirhg jn tus firiv
firivbaais
baais qun
`idæis `nm`h mhg naahs5 igtns ngjurnmbnrhg su mnrvbz, y ng su rndnabýg pngsirhg phgnr
miujbaah piri vhavnrsn i su snrvbjufdrn. \nrh tÿ nrns Jbhs qun pnrjhgis, manfngtn

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 02

y pbijhsh, tirjh piri ai bri, y crigjn ng fbsnrbmhr

fbsnrbmhrjbi,
jbi, phrqun gh ahs idigjhgistn‖
(Gn` 2?93). H`, ¡snifhs mhfh Jbhs, tirjhs piri ai bri!
Mhfh aæjnrns ng na prhmnsh jn ijiptirghs i ahs gunvhs mrnyngtns, punjng surcbr \ := ¸Yuâ mhsis
fhfngths ng qun ais mbrmugstigmbis ghs `icig nghoir. \hjræifhs nspnrir fnohr phjræig tngtir i ug fbsbhgnrh fbsbhgnrh
i nghoirsn8
mhfphrtifbngth jna qun vnfhs ng ahs mrnyngtns oývngns. Bgmaush ahs mrnyngtns fiyhrns
punjng krustrirghs sb ans kiati fijurnz. R ais krustrimbhgns punjng fhanstirghs,
tngtégjhghs i snr snvnrhs mhg htrhs. R `isti phjræifhs nghoirghs mhg Jbhs ng tbnfphs
jn ngknrfnjij, jn immbjngtns, jn ipurhs gigmbnrhs y jn nxpnmtitbvis bgsitbsknm`is.
Gnmnsbtifhs ug gunvh diutbsfh jjnn ifhr ifhr.. ¡Yuâ crig jbknrngmb
jbknrngmbii punjn `imnr! Na ifhr \ :: ¸Yuâ prncugti na
ghs `imn rntrhmnjnr y prncugtirghs phr quâ nstifhs nghoijhs. Ghs jifhs mungti jn qun ifhr shdrn ai bri8
ai miusi jna nghoh gh nsté ng ais mbrmugstigmbis. Ai bri ns ugi rnspunsti jn ai mirgn `imbi
ais pnrshgis y `imbi ais mbrmugstigmbis. Ai bri ns pirtn jna prhdanfi. Ais shaumbhgns i ahs \ :> ¸Yuâ jbmn
prhdanfis qun ngkrngt
ngkrngtifhs
ifhs sbnfp
sbnfprn
rn nstég fés iaaé jn ahs sngtbfbngths bgbmbians jn nghoh ]igtbich 9?4< imnrmi jn ai
qun ug aæjnr punjn tngnr. I fnjbji qun hrifhs muigjh nstifhs ibrijhs, na Nspærbtu bri jna `hfdrn8
]igth ghs aangi jna ifhr jn Jbhs phr ais pnrshgis y tifdbâg jn dhgjij, sidbjuræi y
jbsmnrgbfbngth nspbrbtuia qun aancig phr fnjbh jn mhgvnrsimbhgns ifidans y pimæmis.
Na `nrfigh Ouig aanvý ia pisthr \idah, ug fbgbstrh igmbigh, i mngir i ug dung
rnstiurigtn. Fés tirjn, Ouig sn sbgtbý ivnrchgzijh phrqun ai fnsnri kun jnsmhrtâs.
\irnmæi nghoiji fbngtris itngjæi ai fnsi. Zbrý ahs paiths y jnrrifý na icui. Gb sbqubnri
mhgtnstidi ais prncugtis mhrtâsfngtn. Ouig sn nghoý y an jboh ia igmbigh pisthr? \ :; ¸Yuâ mhgtristn

‑Jndnræifhs aaifir ia ijfbgbstrijhr y qunoirghs‖. \nrh na pisthr \idah jboh? ‑Nspnrnfhs pisthr vn ustnj ngtrn Ouig y na
\idah8
y phgcéfhghs ahs igtnhohs jna ifhr. Yubzés vnifhs ai sbtuimbýg jn
khrfi jbknrngtn‖. Muigjh ai fnsnri rncrnsý, \idah an jboh qun âa nri
pisthr.
pisth r. An prncugt
prncugtýý sb an pisidi iach fiah. Ahs hohs sn an aangirhg jn
aécrbfis y naai jboh qun su nsphsh ai `idæi idigjhgijh nsi fiùigi. ]u
`boh nstidi fuy ngknrfh y naai gh qunræi jnoirah shah. \nrh su onkn ai
ifngizý mhg jnspnjbrai sb gh bdi i tridioir. Ai bri jn Ouig répbjifngtn
sn mhgvbrtbý ng mhfprngsbýg. R fbngtris na igmbigh pisthr \idah hridi 9. Ipirtirsn
phr naai,
naai, Ou
Ouig
ig sn uugbý
gbý ng ai hri
hrimbýg
mbýg mmhg
hg ifh
ifhrr y mhf
mhfpisbý
pisbýg.
g.
\THDANFI
\ :3 ¸Mýfh phjræifhs nghoirghs sbg pnmir8

Na ipýstha \idah ijfbtbý qun thjhs ghs nghoifhs. \nrh gh tngnfhs

qun pnmir (Nk :?4;). Na jhfbgbh prhpbh ghs iyuji i tricirghs ais :. @imbi na 4. Bgtnrbhrbzir
piaidris juris. Muigjh nstifhs ibrijhs ns bfphrtigtn qun gh ghss jnfhs prhdanfi
tbnfph piri miafirghs
miafirghs.. \unjn snr qun gnmnsbtnfhs pnjbr pnrfbsh piri
ipirtirghs y `imnr ugi mifbgiti. ]b nsh gh ns phsbdan, phjnfhs bgmabgir =. @imbi htrhs
ai midnzi y mhgtir ng vhz dioi `isti jbnz y pnjbran ia Nspærbtu ]igth
qun miafn gunstrh tnfpnrifngth. Yubzés thjh ah qun gnmnsbtnfhs ns
vnr i trivâs jn ahs angtns jna ifhr y pnjbran i Jbhs qun mifdbn gunstri
bri ng mhfpisbýg, mhfprngsbýg y jhfbgbh prhpbh.
Aæjnr pbijhsh, ¸sn sbngtn nghoijh8 ¸]bngtn cigis jn fitir i iacubng qun fiatriti \ :0 ¸\hr quâ gh ns
i ugh jn ahs `bohs jn Jbhs isæ mhfh Fhbsâs fitý ia ncbpmbh8 (Âx 4?94). Jn imunrjh, prujngtn qun ug aæjnr imtÿn imtÿn
pnrh rnmunrjn qun Fh Fhbsâs
bsâs tuv
tuvhh qun nsmipir jn Ncbp
Ncbpth
th i miusi jn nsi nxpahsbýg jn su mhg bri, mhfh ah `bmbnrhg
mirgn y qun gh rncrnsý ng muirngti iùhs. ¸Nsté ustnj kurbdugjh `isti na pugth jn phjnr iacughs aæjnrns dædabmhs8
jnstrhzir ug æjhah jn hrh qun rnprnsngti na ijuatnrbh nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia jna pundah jn Jbhs8 ¡Ns
mhfprngsbdan! \nrh rnmunrjn qun Jbhs gh iprhdý nstis figbknstimbhgns jn bri. ]bgh
qun an pbjbý i Fhbsâs qun ismngjbnri gunvifngtn ia fhgtn y qun nsmuapbnri i figh
gunvis tidais jn pbnjri (Âx =4?92-4<, =:?9-4). ¸Nsté tig `istbijh jn ais qunois jna
pundah jn Jbhs qun chapniræi ai rhmi mhg ugi viri, ng vnz jn `idairan mhfh Jbhs an
jboh i Fhbsâs qun `bmbnri8 Zhjhs ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs sn `ig sngtbjh isæ ng ug fhfngth
u htrh. Nfhmbhgns mhfh nstis shg `idbtuians ng ai mirgn. \nrh rnmunrjn qun Jbhs sn

2< Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

jnmnpmbhgý tigth jn Fhbsâs phr nsi jnshdnjbngmbi qun gh an pnrfbtbý mhgjumbr ia

pundah i ai
a i tbnrri prhfntbji (Gf 4<?0-94).
¸An custiræi chapnir i iacugis pnrshgis jnshdnjbngtns y irrigmirans na midnaah mhfh
`bzh Gn`nfæis8 (Gn` 9=?4>). Nstn snræi ug nxmnangtn paig sb ustnj qubsbnri ianoir i ais
pnrshgis jn ai misi jn Jbhs y jnstrubr su fitrbfhgbh. ¸Nsté tig fhansth qqun
un vhamiræi ais
fnsis mhfh `bzh Onsÿs8 (Ft 49?94-9=). Nsti snræi ugi immbýg fuy imnrtiji sb qubsbnri
hdabcir i ahs pnmijhrns i qun ah mrumbmirig i ustnj. \nrh shaifngtn `udh ug `hfdrn
qun gimbý piri nsn prhpýsbth.
¸]bngtn na jnsnh jn qun jnsmbngji kunch jna mbnah qun mhgsufi i iqunaahs qun
rnm`izig su fngsion8 (Am 2?>:->>). Zians nfhmbhgns shg ghrfians piri ai mirgn y na
jbidah. \nrh rnmunrjn qun Onsÿs rnprngjbý i Oimhdh y i Ouig phr nsi imtbtuj tig fugjigi
y phr su kiati jn ifhr mnanstbia. Aæjnr jna pundah jn Jbhs, rnmunrjn qun ai bri jna `hfdrn
gh prhjumn ahs ousths paigns jn Jbhs (]tc 9?4<). Tnmunrjn ah qun nsmrbdbý ]igtbich.
9=
‑¸Yubâg ns sidbh y ngtngjbjh ngtrn vhshtrhs8 Funstrn phr ai dungi mhgjumti
sus hdris ng sidbi figsnjufdrn. 9: \nrh sb tngâbs mnahs ifirchs
ifirchs y mhgtngmbýg
ng vunstrh mhrizýg, gh hs oimtâbs, gb fbgtébs mhgtri ai vnrjij5 9> phrqun nsti
sidbjuræi gh ns ai qun jnsmbngjn jn ah iath, sbgh tnrrngia
tnrrngia,, igbfia, jbidýabmi.
9;
\hrqun jhgjn `iy mnahs y mhgtngmbýg, iaaæ `iy pnrturdimbýg y thji hdri pnrvnrsi.
\hrqun
93
\nrh ai sidbjuræi qun ns jn ah iath ns prbfnrifngtn puri, jnspuâs pimæmi,
ifidan, dngbcgi, aangi jn fbsnrbmhrjbi y jn dunghs kruths, sbg bgmnrtbjufdrn gb
`bphmrnsæi. 90 R na kruth jn oustbmbi sn sbnfdri ng piz piri iqunaahs qun `imng ai
piz‖ (]tc =?9=-90).
=?9=-90).
\ :2 ¸Mýfh sn Na ifhr ns angth piri ai bri y ng riris hmisbhgns sn nghoi. ]b gh phjnfhs `idair
jbknrngmbi ai mhsnm`i jn ai bri y imtuir mhg pimbngmbi, ifidbabjij, cngtbanzi y mhrtnsæi, ngthgmns gnmnsbtifhs ughs
jn ai mhsnm`i jn ai sbnfdri
jn piz8
muigths fbguths piri hrir igtns jn `idair. Jn htri fignri, ng vnz jn iyujir i ai hdri
jn Jbhs, ai hdstimuabzirnfhs. Ai sidbjuræi jn ah iath ns pimæmi y mhgsbjnriji. Ahs qun
sbnfdrig ai bri hdtngjrég ugi mhsnm`i jn jhahr y jnmnpmbýg. \nrh ahs qun sbnfdrig ai
piz hdtngjrég ugi mhsnm`i chzhsi jn oustbmbi. Isæ qun, naboi. Mhgsbngti su bri mirgia y
nstrhpnn ai hdri jn Jbhs h mifbgn ng na Nspærbtu ]igth fhstrigjh na kruth fijurh jna
jhfbgbh prhpbh y aanvigjh ia pundah jn Jbhs `imbi ijnaigtn ng ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti.

Anmmbýg Na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr? pnrjhgi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3).

Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr iacughs nonfpahs dædabmhs qun ngkitbzig na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn Jbhs.
9= Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir iacugis rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæjnr jndn hkrnmnr déasifh ng aucir jn sngtbjh
jn muapidbabjij.

\ >< ¸Yuâ ghs fhtbvi i pnrjhgir i htrhs8

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn nvbtir ai bri qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs
jn nstujbir ai anmmbýg 94.
\ >9 Mhfpantn ai curi =.99 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh y qun
miji ugh ng jhs fbguths mhfpirti sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn nvbtir ai bri.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn snr angth piri ai bri
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn 4 fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

 Kbcuri =.9
=.99
9 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 29

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn snr angth piri ai bri
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir snr angth piri ai bri?

Kbcuri =.99
=.99 \rimtbmir snr angth piri ai bri ng ai vbji (jhs
(jhs fbguths).
\ >4 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ais `bsthrbis jn sus mhfpiùnrhs jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn ai bri piri thji ai maisn

\ >= ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ >: ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri =.94 Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng nvbtir ai bbri.
ri.
@. Na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr? pnrjhgi (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?>).
Jbhs ifi, pnrjhgi y dhrri ahs pnmijhs jn iqunaahs qun sn irrnpbngtng y imnptig
i Onsÿs mhfh ]iavijhr y ]nùhr. Muigjh aancunfhs ia mbnah, ¡ghs ivnrchgziræi sb
Jbhs simiri
gunstrhs ugi absti
pnmijhs jn gunstris
¡piri sbnfprn!kiatis y pnmijhs
Na ifhr ng ah
jn Jbhs ai tbnrri!
aanvý i\nrh su pnrjýg
ngvbir `i dhrrijh
i su @boh i fhrbr
ng ugi mruz phr gunstri siavimbýg. Muigjh Jbhs pnrjhgi gunstrhs pnmijhs, ¡Âa gugmi \ >> ]b Jbhs ah sidn
vunavn i rnmhrjirahs! Ai fnfhrbi jn Jbhs ns pnrknmti. \unjn rnmhrjir muiaqubnr mhsi qun thjh, ¸punjn rnmhrjir
gunstrhs pnmijhs8 Nxpabqun.
qubnri. \nrh Âa `i jnmbjbjh gugmi fés vhavnr i rnmhrjir gunstrhs pnmijhs (@nd 9<?93).
¡Ianauyi! ‑Muigth nsté anohs na hrbngtn jna hmmbjngtn, `bzh ianoir jn ghshtrhs gunstris
rndnabhgns‖ (]ia 9<=?94).
Oimhd aancý irrnpngtbjh i Mrbsth y gimbý jn gunvh. ]n rnchmboý jn snr abdrn jn ais
mijngis jna pnmijh. R jbskrutidi su gunvi mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs y mhg ahs `bohs jn
Jbhs. \nrh i vnmns, ahs pnmijhs jn ai vbji pisiji jn nstn `hfdrn ah ithrfngtidig.
Âa aum`idi mhg ai muapi y na rnfhrjbfbngth phr ais fiajijns qun `idæi mhfntbjh. ^g \ >; ¸Yuâ baustrimbýg
jæi Oimhd sn imnrmý ia pisthr Ouig y an mhgtý shdrn sus aum`is mhg ai muapidbabjij. Na iyujý i Oimhd i mrnnr qun
pisthrr ah nsmu
pisth nsmum`ý
m`ý itng
itngtifn
tifngtn
gtn fbng
fbngtris
tris Oimhd idræi su mhri
mhrizýg
zýg y an
a n `idai
`idaidi
di imnr
imnrmi
mi Jbhs `idæi pnrjhgijh y
dhrrijh sus pnmijhs8
jna thrfngth jn su pisijh. Na pisthr Ouig sn anvigtý n bgvbtý i Oimhd i jir ug

pisn
pisnh h mhg Na
sudbngjh. âa. pisthr
Ougth
OugthssOuig
mifb
mifbgirhg
angirhg `imb
`imbi
bgjbmý i iOimhd
ai paiyi
qun mnrm
mnrmi
usirii jna dhrjnpiri
su jnjh jna nsmrbdbr
icui qunshdrn
nstid
nstidi
aii
irngi thjhs sus pnmijhs pisijhs qun pujbnri rnmhrjir. Fbngtris Oimhd nsmrbdæi ng
ai irngi, na pisthr Ouig fbrý `imbi htrh aijh, piri gh vnr gbgcugh jn ahs pnmijhs
qun Oimhd nsmrbdbý. Muigjh tnrfbgý jn nsmrbdbr thjhs sus pnmijhs ng ai irngi, ahs
jhs `hfdrns sn ianoirhg. Muigjh sn bdig, na icui jna hmâigh yi `idæi mhfngzijh
i mudrbr ah qun Oimhd `idæi nsmrbth. Tncrnsirhg ia tnfpah y na pisthr Ouig an pbjbý i
Oimhd qun vhavbnri ia jæi sbcubngtn. Muigjh
M uigjh Oimhd rncrnsý, âa y na pisthr mifbgirhg
mifb girhg ia
aucir jhgjn Oimhd `idæi nsmrbth sus pnmijhs. \nrh ais phjnrhsis hais jna fir `idæig
dirrbjh
dirr bjh ai paiyi y dhr
dhrrirh
rirhgg thjh ah nsm
nsmrbth.
rbth. Na pi
pisthr
sthr pprncug
rncugtý?
tý? ‑O
‑Oimhd,
imhd, ¸jýgj
¸jýgjnn nsté
nstégg
thjhs ahs pnmijhs qun nsmrbdbstn iynr8‖. ‑Ai absti mhg thjhs fbs pnmijhs sn kun‖,
mhgtnstý Oimhd. ‑]æ‖, rnpabmý na pisthr Ouig, ‑ahs pnmijhs qun nstidig iquæ iynr sn
`ig bjh, dhrrijhs piri sbnfprn phr ais hais jna hmâigh. R sb na icui punjn aivir ahs
pnmijhs qun nsmrbdbstn, ¸muégth fés ai sigcrn jn Mrbsth phjré aivir tus pnmijhs piri
sbnfprn8‖. Oimhd isbgtbý ng sbangmbh fbngtris ai piz jn Jbhs aangidi su mhrizýg. Nsti
24 Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

sbfpan baustrimbýg an pnrfbtbý mrnnr qun sus pnmijhs rniafngtn `idæig jnsipirnmbjh5
phrqun ai sigcrn
sigcrn jn Mrbsth `idæ
`idæii abfpbijh su pisijh, isæ mhfh ais hais dhrrig ah qun ais
pnrshgis nsmrbdng ng ai paiyi.
paiyi.
\ >3 Jnspuâs jna Na ifhr jn Jbhs pnrjhgi i crigjns y i pnqunùhs pnmijhrns. \nrjhgi i Zifir, i
pnrjýg, ¸qubâg pirnmn fés
fés Ti`id, i Tut y i Dntsidâ. Na ifhr jn Jbhs pnrjhgi i ]igsýg, i Oujé, ia rny Jivbj y i
abfpbh igtn ahs hohs jn Jbhs,
na fiyhr jn ahs pnmijhrns h
Figisâs, na rny fés pnrvnrsh qun chdnrgý ng Bsrina. Jbhs pnrjhgi i thjhs ahs qun sn
na fnghs pnmijhr8 Nxpabqun. irrnpbngtng, sn ipirtig jna pnmijh y sn irrhjbaaig igtn Âa piri rnmbdbr pnrjýg phr fnjbh
jna simrbmbh jn Onsumrbsth. Âa pnrjhgiré i ahs qun `iyig pnmijh shah ug phmh y snig misb
tig daigmhs mhfh ai gbnvn. R pnrjhgiré i qubngns `iyig pnmijh tigth qun su mhrizýg
nstâ tig sumbh mhfh ais dbsicris jn ai punrti jna bgnrgh.
\ >0 ¸\nrjhgir i htrhs Jbhs ghs nxbcn qun ifnfhs y pnrjhgnfhs i htrhs isæ mhfh Âa ghs pnrjhgi. ^gi
ns ug figjifbngth h ugi any h ug prbgmbpbh jn ais Nsmrbturis ns qun Jbhs ghs pnrjhgi i ghshtrhs ng ai fbsfi
hpmbýg piri ahs sncubjhrns
jn Onsÿs8 Nxpabqun.
fnjbji ng qun pnrjhgifhs i htrhs. Âa ans nxbcn i sus `bohs qun ifng i htrhs isæ mhfh
Âa ghs ifi. Nsti ns ugi any ng ai kifbabi jn Jbhs. \bâgsnah? na ifhr jn Jbhs gh uyn
bgmhgjbmbhgiafngtn. ^gi mhgjbmbýg piri mhgtbguir rnmbdbngjh na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn
Jbhs ns qun ghshtrhs pnrjhgnfhs i ahs jnfés isæ mhfh Âa ghs pnrjhgi i ghshtrhs. Jbhs
pnrjhgi gunstrhs pnmijhs jn ai fbsfi fignri ng qun pnrjhgifhs i ahs qun pnmig
mhgtri ghshtrhs. Onsÿs ans ngsnùý i sus sncubjhrns i hrir? ‑R pnrjýgighs gunstris
jnujis, mhfh tifdbâg ghshtrhs pnrjhgifhs i gunstrhs jnujhrns‖ (Ft ;?94).
Mairh qun `iy hmisbhgns muigjh ai mhgcrncimbýg, mhfh cruph,
cruph, jndn jbsmbpabgir i ahs
qun pnmig (Ft 90?9>-4<5 9 Mh >?9-9=). Na prhpýsbth jn thji jbsmbpabgi ng ai mhgcrncimbýg
ns mhrrncbr y rnstiurir i iqunaahs qun sn nxtrivæig.
Tnmunrjn ah qun Onsÿs ngsnùý imnrmi jn bgjbvbjuhs qun ans trigsfbtng i htrhs na
pnrjýg qun prbfnrh rnmbdbnrhg jn jn Jbhs phr sus prhpbhs pnmijhs (Ft 90?=>).
\ >2 ¸\nrjhgiré Jbhs 49
‑Ngthgmns sn an imnrmý \njrh y an jboh? ]nùhr, ¸muégtis vnmns pnrjhgirâ i fb
gunstrhs pnmijhs sb ghshtrhs `nrfigh qun pnqun mhgtri fæ8 ¸@isti sbntn8 44 Onsÿs an jboh? Gh tn jbch `isti
ghs gncifhs i pnrjhgir i
htrhs8 Nxpabqun.
sbntn, sbgh iug `isti sntngti vnmns sbntn. 4= \hr ah muia na rnbgh jn ahs mbnahs ns
snfnoigtn i ug rny qun qubsh `imnr mungtis mhg sus sbnrvhs. 4: R mhfngzigjh i
`imnr mungtis, an kun prnsngtijh ugh qun an jndæi jbnz fba tiangths. 4> I âstn,
âstn, mhfh
gh pujh picir, hrjngý su snùhr vngjnran, y i su fuonr n `bohs, y thjh ah qun tngæi,
piri qun sn an picisn ai jnuji. 4; Ngthgmns iquna sbnrvh, phstrijh,
phstrijh, an supabmidi,
jbmbngjh? ]nùhr, tng pimbngmbi mhgfbch, y yh tn ah picirâ thjh. 43 Na snùhr jn
iquna sbnrvh, fhvbjh i fbsnrbmhrjbi, an shatý y an pnrjhgý ai jnuji. 40 \nrh
siabngjh iquna sbnrvh, `iaaý i ug
ughh jn sus mhgsbnrvhs
mhgsbnrvhs,, qun an jndæi mbng jngi
jngirbhs5
rbhs5
y isbngjh jn âa, an i`hcidi, jbmbngjh? \écifn ah qun fn jndns. Ngthgmns su
42

mhgsbnrvh, phstrégjhsn i sus pbns, an rhcidi jbmbngjh? Zng pimbngmbi mhgfbch,

y yh tn ah picirâ thjh. =< Fis âa gh qubsh, sbgh kun y an nm`ý ng ai mérmna, `isti
qun picisn ai jnuji. =9 [bngjh sus mhgsbnrvhs ah qun pisidi, sn ngtrbstnmbnrhg
fum`h, y kunrhg y rnrbnrhg i su snùhr thjh ah qun `idæi pisijh. =4 Ngthgmns,
aaifégjhan su snùhr, an jboh? ]bnrvh fiavijh, thji iqunaai jnuji tn pnrjhgâ,
phrqunn fn rhcistn. == ¸Gh jndæis tÿ tifdbâg tngnr fbsnrbmhrjbi jn tu mhgsbnrvh,
phrqu
mhfh yh tuvn fbsnrbmhrjbi jn tb8 =: Ngthgmns su snùhr,
snùhr, nghoijh, an ngtrncý i ahs
vnrjuchs, `isti qun picisn thjh ah qun an jndæi. => Isæ tifdbâg
tifdbâg fb \ijrn mnanstbia
`iré mhg vhshtrhs sb gh pnrjhgébs jn thjh mhrizýg miji ugh i su `nrfigh sus
hkngsis (Ft 90?49-=>).
90?49-=>).
Na ifhr ng su mhrizýg gh kun punsth iaaæ piri qun ah rntngci. Nstn mhgtbguiré uyngjh
i fnjbji qun ustnj ah viyi jigjh. Na ifhr jn Jbhs qun pnrjhgi ns ugh jn ahs tnfis fés
bfphrtigtns jn ai Dbdabi. Tnmunrjn na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn Jbhs i fnjbji qun mhfpanti
ai curi =.9=. Fnjbtir ng na ifhr jn Jbhs an iyujiré i ifir y i pnrjhgir i ahs qun Âa
ah `i aaifijh i abjnrir.
abjnrir.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 2=

\ ;< Ng ai curi =.9=, mhfpantn ai mhaufgi 4 shdrn ai fignri ng ai qun Jbhs pnrjhgi y
ghs nxbcn pnrjhgir.
 Znxth ]us rnsÿfngns imnrmi jna ifhr qun pnrjhgi
Na pnrjýg dioh na igtbcuh pimth nri tnfphria n bgmhfpanth. Ai sigcrn jn ahs simrbmbhs jn igbfians
Av :?4<-=>
phjæi mudrbr, pnrh gugmi abfpbir, ahs pnmijhs `ufighs. Dioh na gunvh pimth ¸mýfh ns phsbdan na pnrjýg
@nd 9<?:-99
pnrfigngtn y ai abfpbnzi jn gunstrhs pnmijhs8
Gf 9:?90
4 ] 94?3-9:
4 Mr ==?9-9=
]ia 9<=?0
Ft ;?94
Ft 2?2-94
Ft 90?=>
Am 3?=;-><
Am 9>?4<-=4 Mhgtristn ai imtbtuj jna pijrn mhg ai jna `boh fiyhr.
Og 9?42
Og =?9;-90
Og ;?=3
Th 2?9-=
Th 9<?99
9 Mh 9=?>
Nk :?=4”>?4
9 Zb 9?9>-93
@nd 0?945 9<?93
9 Og 9?2
9 Og 4?9-4
Ip 44?93
Kbcuri =.9= \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh
rnsufbngjh ahs pisions shdrn na ifhr qun pnrj
pnrjhgi.
hgi.
Hkrnzmi déasifh ng vnz jn sngtbjh jn muapidbabjij. Na pisthr Tigjy [iabfhgt
ngkitbzi qun, mhfh aæjnrns, jndnfhs ifir i ais pnrshgis i ais qun snrvbfhs y pnrjhgirans
sus pnmijhs y nrrhrns jna pisijh. Iacugis vnmns ug aæjnr punjn sngtbrsn tngtijh i muapir
ng vnz jn hkrnmnr déasifh. \nrh ais pnrshgis yi sukrng sumbngtn phr sus pnmijhs, piri qun \ ;9 ¸Muéans shg
na aæjnr iùiji fés sukrbfbngth. Jbhs gh aaifi i ahs aæjnrns i imufuair muapi y mhgjngis iacugis jn ais rizhgns phr
shdrn ais pnrshgis. Âa ghs aaifi i ifir i ais pnrshgis, i pnrjhgirais, i havbjir sus pnmijhs ais qun ug aæjnr jndn hkrnmnr
déasifh i ai cngtn ng aucir
y i jnoir jn rnmhrjirans su `hrrbdan pisijh. Jbhs nsté fés bgtnrnsijh ng gunstrh kuturh qun jn sngtbjh jn muapidbabjij8
ng gunstrh pisijh. Nstn ns na nvigcnabh qun prhmaifi ai crimbi jn Jbhs ng aucirns jhgjn ahs
pnmijhss jn
pnmijh jn ais
ais pnrshg
pnrshgis
is rniafng
rniafngtn
tn `ig
`ig `nm`h
`nm`h ug jnsistrn.
jnsistrn. Jbhs
Jbhs ans hkrnmn i iq
iqunaah
unaahss q
qun
un sn
irrnpbngtng y sbcung i Mrbsth ¡ug pnrjýg thtia y mhfpanth jn thjhs sus pnmijhs pisijhs!
Mhfh aæjnrns qun rnprnsngtifhs i Jbhs, jndnfhs hkrnmnr na fbsfh ifhr y pnrjýg qun
Jbhs hkrnmn. > Abjnrir mhg ifhr y pnrjýg ns ai maivn piri mhgstrubr rnaimbhgns
r naimbhgns mhg iqunaahs
i ahs qun Jbhs ghs aaifi i abjnrir. Nstujbirnfhs ais rnaimbhgns ng ai ugbjij gia jn nstn
mursh. \nrh phr i`hri, ngkitbzifhs qun ais pnrshgis mhgirég ng ustnj ah sumbngtn mhfh
piri sncubra
sncubrahh muig
muigjh
jh ust
ustnj
nj abj
abjnri
nri mhg ifhr y ppnrjýg.
nrjýg. Isæ qqun,
un, fbn
fbngtris
gtris abjnri
abjnri,, fuâst
fuâstrnans
rnans
i htrhs su fbsnrbmhrjbi, isæ mhfh Jbhs sn ai `i fhstrijh i ustnj. Éfnahs y pnrjýgnahs.
Hkrnzmi déasifh ng vnz jn sngtbjh jn muapidbabjij. Ais pnrshgis gh gnmnsbtig sngtbrsn
fia imnrmi jn sus nrrhrns pisijhs yi pnrjhgijhs. R ifir i iqunaahs i ahs qun abjnrifhs
gh ns ugi rnmhfpngsi piri naahs, ns gunstri hdabcimbýg. ;

2: Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

¸Yuâ tia sb ustnj triti jn pnrjhgir, pnrh ng su bgtnrbhr pnrfignmng ahs sngtbfbngths
jn jhahr n bri8 Tifhgi, ai nsphsi jn ug aæjnr maifý i Jbhs phr iyuji. ]`nbai, ai nsphsi
jn htrh aæjnr `idæi `nrbjh i Tifhgi prhkugjifngtn. Ai `nrbji sn prhjuoh muigjh
]`nbai prhgugmbý piaidris juris n `brbngtns imnrmi jna nsphsh jn Tifhgi. Nsti sidæi
ah qun ais Nsmrbturis ngsnùig imnrmi jna pnrjýg. Isæ qun, miji fiùigi sn phstridi y
hridi? ‑]nùhr, yh pnrjhgh i ]`nbai phr ais mhsis juris qun jboh imnrmi jn fb nsphsh.
Ai pnrjhgh, isæ mhfh tÿ fn pnrjhgis phr ais mhsis qun yh gh `n jndbjh jnmbr‖. \nrh
 miji vnz qun Tifhgi pngsidi ng ]`nbai, sngtbfbngths jn bri y jn jhahr surcæig ng su
bgtnrbhr. \isirhg ais snfigis. Jæi tris jæi Tifhgi ig`naidi pnrjhgir i ]`nbai,
mhgrfir su pnrjýg y `isti hrir piri qun Jbhs ai dngjbonri. ]bg nfdirch, ahs
sngtbfbngths jn bri y jhahr pnrfignmæig. Ngthgmns, ug jæi, sn rniabzý ugi rnugbýg
nspnmbia piri ahs aæjnrns. Tifhgi, ]`nbai y fum`hs htrhs aæjnrns isbstbnrhg. Na hrijhr
n a vnrsæmuah? ‑R igtn thjh, tngnj ngtrn vhshtrhs knrvbngtn ifhr5 phrqun na
prnjbmý shdrn na
ifhr mudrbré fuatbtuj jn pnmijhs‖ (9 \ :?0). Jnspuâs jna fngsion, `udh ug tbnfph jn
hrimbýg. Fbngtris hridig, Tifhgi vbh qun ai figh jn Jbhs sn nxtngjæi y an qubtidi ugi
pnqunùi nspbgi jn su mhrizýg. Naai mhfngzý i shaahz shaahzir
ir i fnjbji qun na ifhr jn Jbhs
uæi i trivâs jn naai. Ia rnmhrrnr su vbsti phr na siaýg y vnr i ]`nbai, Tifhgi sn jbh
mungti jn qun na ifhr jn Jbhs ai `idæi sigijh jn ai `nrbji ng na mhrizýg. I pirtbr jn
nsn jæi, ai bri y na jhahr qun sngtæi `imbi ]`nbai jnsipirnmbnrhg. Iacugis vnmns,
pnrjhgir mhgaanvi fés qun ugi mhrti hrimbýg. Ifir mhfh Jbhs figji ns shdrngituria.
Gugmi phjrnfhs, ng guns gunstri
tri pr
prhpbi
hpbi ku
kunrzi,
nrzi, ifir y pnr
pnrjhgir
jhgir mmhfh
hfh Jbh
Jbhss figji
figji.. \n
\nrh
rh
muigjh jnmbjbfhs pnrjhgir y jnpngjnr jn Jbhs, Âa ghs mipimbti piri ifir y pnrjhgir
i htrhs mhfh Âa ghs ifi y ghs pnrjhgi. Jbhs sbnfprn ghs mipimbti piri hdnjnmnran y
icrijiran i Âa muigjh ah dusmifhs y jnpngjnfhs jna ifhr y ai crimbi qun ghs prhvnn
su Nspærbtu ]igth.
Ohgés kun prhknti sbg ifhr. Âa gh qunræi qun Jbhs pnrjhgiri i ahs isbrbhs ng Gægbvn.
Fés
oujæh,dbng,
Ohgésnagh
Ohgés prhknti
unræiqunræi
qqunræi qun
qun ahs Jbhs
cngtb ansjnstruynri
cngtbans i Gægbvnfbs
rnmbdbnrig gbgcugi y inrbmhrjbi.
thji su phdaimbýg.
fbsnrbmhrjbi. Mhfh
Âa kun `hstba mhg
\ ;4 ¸Mýfh phjræi snr ahs cngtbans i miusi jn sus pnmijhs. Naahs ijhridig æjhahs, gh mhghmæig ia vnrjijnrh
jbknrngtn ai `bsthrbi jn Ohgés Jbhs, gh tngæig i Fhbsâs gb i ahs prhkntis. R nrig fuy mrunans. 3
sb âa `udbnri ifijh i ahs
isbrbhs mhfh ahs ifidi Jbhs8 Ai ÿgbmi rizýg phr ai qun Ohgés kun i Gægbvn jnspuâs jn qun ai diaangi ah nsmupbnri
ng ai mhsti, kun piri siavir su prhpbi vbji y gh ai jn ahs isbrbhs. Ohgés ifngizý i ahs
isbrbhs, itnrrégjhahs piri qun sn irrnpbgtbnrig. \nrh, ¸i muégths cubý i thfir na mifbgh ia
mbnah8 ¡I gbgcugh ng idshauth! Ohgés gh ifidi ia pundah ia muia Jbhs ah aaifý i snrvbr.
Iugqun Jbhs qunræi pnrjhgirah y siavirah, Ohgés sn gncidi i nsh. Âa gh pnrjhgiræi i ahs
isbrbhs phr sus pnmijhs pisijhs gb prnsngtns. Ns fés, Ohgés gb sbqubnri pnrjhgiræi i ahs
isbrbhs phr `idnr gimbjh cngtbans ng vnz jn oujæhs. Âa nri prbsbhgnrh jn sus prnoubmbhs y
ug prhknti sbg ifhr. ]b Ohgés `udbnri idbnrth su mhrizýg piri qun kunri aangh jna ifhr jn
Jbhs, ai `bsthrbi snræi jbknrngtn. Na rny y thjis ais pnrshgis jn Gægbvn sn irrnpbgtbnrhg. ]b
Ohgés `udbnri pnrfbtbjh qun na ifhr jn Jbhs uynri i trivâs jn âa, tia vnz ahs gbgbvbtis
`idræig idbnrth`idræi
htris gimbhgns su mhrizýg ia ÿgbmh
ngvbijh Jbhs iyOhgés
vnrjijnrh Jbhs. ¸R`udbnri
sb su mhrizýg qubâg punjn
tngbjh jnmbr i muégtis
nspimbh piri na
ifhr y na pnrjýg qun na ÿgbmh y vnrjijnrh Jbhs jnsni qun rnmbdig thjis ais gimbhgns jn
ai tbnrri8 \nrh Ohgés gh cubý i ahs `idbtigtns jn Gægbvn `imbi na Jbhs jna mbnah. \hrqun na
abjnrizch sn jntbngn jhgjn na ifhr sn jntbngn.
\ ;= ¸Mýfh punjn ug Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, phgci ng prémtbmi abjnrir i ais pnrshgis phr fnjbh jna ifhr y jna
aæjnr ifir i iqunaahs qun shg pnrjýg. Éfnahs
Éfnahs y ppnrjýgnahs
nrjýgnahs mu
muigjh
igjh snig tnrmhs y muigjh ah bgsuatng. Éfnahs isæ mhfh
tnrmhs y qun ah bgsuatig8
Jbhs ahs ifi. \uns fbngtris ustnj ais cuæn phr fnjbh jna ifhr, ais pnrshgis ah ifirég,
mhgirég ng ustnj y ah sncubrég ng su mifbgh piri aancir i snr fés mhfh Mrbsth. R
rnmunrjn sbnfprn, na prhmnsh jn ai siavimbýg gh tnrfbgi `isti qun aancunfhs ia mbnah. Na
ifhr gh figtbngn ug rncbstrh jn nrrhrns. Ifi, pnrjhgi y havbji.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 2>

Fiah, na nsphsh jn _ýtbji nri bgna. ]n jbvhrmbý jn naai y ai idigjhgý. ^gi fiùigi,
ia jnspnrtirsn, sn jbh mungti jn qun Fiah `idæi snmunstrijh i su `boi jn hm`h iùhs,
Tn`nfi. Jnsjn nsn jæi ng ijnaigtn, ai rizýg jn vbvbr jn _ýtbji kun ai jn ngmhgtrir i
Tn`nfi y vngcirsn jn Fiah. \hr mbgmh iùhs naai ai dusmý. Mhgtritý jntnmtbvns \ ;: ¸Yuâ kun ah qun
prbvijhs. @bzh thjh ah qun pujh piri ngmhgtrir
ngmhgtrirai.
ai. Ikhrtugi
Ikhrtugijifngtn,
jifngtn, ng fnjbh jn ssuu na Nspærbtu ]igth an iyujý i
jhahr y trbstnzi naai ngmhgtrý i Onsÿs. Âa an aangý ai vbji mhg ug gunvh sbcgbmijh. ]n _ýtbji i iprngjnr8
`bzh fbnfdrh imtbvh jn ai mhgcrncimbýg y mhfngzý i nstujbir ng na Bgstbtuth Dædabmh.
Iug isæ, su bri pnrfignmbý. Ng ugi maisn, iprngjbý qun na ifhr ‑gh cuirji rngmhr‖ \ ;> ¸Yuâ rncai jna
(9 Mh 9=?>). _ýtbji iprngjbý ahs pishs dædabmhs piri pnrjhgir. \nrh, gh sn sngtæi ifhr y jna fitrbfhgbh
sumbngtnfngtn kunrtn mhfh piri jir nshs pishs. Nsmrbdbý thjis ais mhsis qun Fiah an qundrigtý na nghoijh
`idæi `nm`h. Kbgiafngtn, ugi ghm`n, naai sn rbgjbý igtn na Nspærbtu ]igth, sn irrhjbaaý nsphsh8
krngtn i su mifi y mhfngzý i hrir. ^gh i ugh, anyý miji isugth qun `idæi nsmrbth ng ai
absti. Jnmairý su pnrjýg y tim`ý miji ightimbýg jn ai absti. Ngthgmns hrý phr Fiah, qun
ai `idæi aistbfijh
aaifirhg i su punrtitigth. Nximtifngtn
mhg ghtbmbis jn su i`boi.
ai fiùigi
\hr fnjbhsbcubngtn, ughs
jn iacugi jnsmhghmbjhs
snrbn jn nvngths
jbvbghs, phmis snfigis jnspuâs Tn`nfi vhavbý i misi. @hy naai ns ugi ngmigtijhri
ohvng fbnfdrh jn jn ugi mhgcrncimbýg ougth mhg ssuu nsphsh. ]us jhs pnqunùhs `bohs shg aaii
jnabmbi jn ai idunai _ýtbji. Ng fum`is hmisbhgns, _ýtbji `i mhfpirtbjh su tnstbfhgbh.
Naai sbnfprn jbmn qun, ia nm`ir i ug aijh ai absti jn pnroubmbhs y pnrjhgir i qubng gh sn
ah fnrnmæi, sn idrbnrhg ais punrtis piri qun Jbhs nsmum`iri sus hrimbhgns y trionri i su
`boi jn vunati ia `hcir.
Iqunaahs qun abjnrig mhg ifhr pnrjhgig y gh cuirjig
ugi absti jna pisijh. Na qun ifi gh ans rnmunrji i ahs
jnfés ahs fhfngths ng qun hkngjbnrhg, pnmirhg h
nrrirhg. \uns ahs qun gh pnrjhgig shg ahs qun gh
ifig (Ft 90?49-=>).
Na ifhr ^g nsphsh y su nsphsi jbsmutæig. Ng su

ghrngmhr.
cuirji nghoh,
Ais âa an rnmhrjý
piaidris i naai su
jna nsphsh gh pnmijh jna pisijh.
nrig ifhrhsis gb
oustis.
ousti s. \uns
\uns,, muig
muigjh
jh pnrj
pnrjhgif
hgifhs,
hs, jndn
jndnfhs
fhs
ngtnrrir ahs pnmijhs jna pisijh y gugmi simirahs
jn su tufdi. ^gi rncai jna fitrbfhgbh ns qun
jnspuâs jn qun ahs mýgyucns sn pnrjhgig futuifngtn,
gugmi jndng fngmbhgir ais `nrbjis pisijis qun
pnrjhgirhg. Jnsngtnrrir ahs nrrhrns pisijhs ns tig
bgsngsith mhfh mifbgir `imbi itrés. Nsth nvbti qun
ivigmnfhs piri rnshavnr ahs prhdanfis prnsngtns
prnsngtns.. Jnon na pisijh ng na pisijh. Gh
snrrum`n na isnrræg. Gh sni ug nxmivijhr jn tufdis. Ngkrngtn na prnsngtn y na kuturh.
Jnpngji jna ifhr jn Jbhs y jn ai crimbi jn Jbhs piri pnrjhgir i htrhs y cubirahs
`imbi ijnaigtn.
\ ;; ¸Yuâ anmmbýg baustri ai `bsthrbi jna gbùh y su pnrrh funrth8

^g gbùh
na gbùh pnqunùhpnrh
ah ngtnrrý, tngæianugjnoý
pnrrhaifuy
mhaiqunrbjh
ikunri phr âa. tbnrri.
jn ai M uigjh
Muigjh na pnrrh
Mhg furbý,
krnmungmbi,
vhavæi i ai tufdi, icirridi ai mhai y simidi na pnrrh funrth piri phjnr
fbrirah. ¡Na hahr nri tnrrbdan y na nspnmtémuah `hrrbdan! Ngthgmns, vhavæi i ngtnrrir ia
pnrrhh y an jnoid
pnrr jnoidii ai mhai ikun
ikunri.
ri. Kbgi
Kbgiafngt
afngtn,n, su pijrn sbgtb
sbgtbýý na hahr ng ai figh jna
gbùh y an iyujý i ngtnrrir thjh na pnrrh. R an prh`bdbý qun vhavbnri i jnsngtnrrirah. Jn
Kbcuri =.9> Abjnrn mhg
bcuia fignri, iqunaahs qun ifig jndng pnrjhgir phr mhfpanth. Jnsngtnrrir ahs pnmijhs na ifhr qun pnrjhgi. Gh
pisijhs jn htrhs ¡prhjumn ug tnrrbdan hahr! Ais jbsmusbhgns punjng surcbr. \nrh ugi jn sni mhfh na gbùh qun sn
ais rncais jn ai ‑pnani ousti‖ ns? gugmi jnsngtnrrir ahs pnmijhs pisijhs jn ahs jnfés. Na figtngæi jnsngtnrrigjh ug
ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr (9 Mh 9=?>). pnrrh funrth.

2; Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

Anmmbýg Na ifhr gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi? sn chzi jn ai vnrjij

(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?;5 >?9-0).
9: Hdontbvh I? Mhgtristir ai imtbtuj jna ifhr `imbi ai fiajij mhg na ifhr `imbi ai vnrjij n baustrirai.
Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ahs rnsuatijhs jn hjbir ah bgmhrrnmth y ifir ah mhrrnmth.

\ ;3 ¸Muéans shg iacughs nonfpahs jn ahs qun sn jnanbtig ng ai fiajij8

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jna pnrjýg qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs jn
nstujbir ai anmmbýg 9=.
\ ;0 Mhfpantn ai curi =.9; igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn
y qun miji ugh ng jhs fbguths mhfpirti sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jna snr pnrjhgijhr.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths qun funstri qun na ifhr pnrjhgi
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y aunch su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8
 ¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh phr primtbmir na pnrjýg?

Kbcuri =.9; \rimtbmir na ifhr phr

phr fnjbh jna pnrjýg (jhs fbguth
fbguths).
s).
\ ;2 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn na ifhr qun pnrjhgi piri thji ai maisn
\ 3< ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 39 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri =.93 Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng na pnrjýg.
\ 34 ¸Muégth Tnpish. Ng nsti prbfnri ^gbjij jn Abjnrizch 9, nstifhs ngkitbzigjh na tnfi ‑Abjnrir
jnpngjn jn ai anmturi y ai i trivâs jna ifhr‖. Zhfifhs ug tbnfph piri nstujbir ais mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr. Na
bgvnstbcimbýg na abjnrir mhg
ifhr8 Nxpabqun.
mhgtngbjh jn nstn mursh gh ns nxtngsh, pnrh ns prhkugjh. \iri snr ug aæjnr aangh jna
ifhr jn Jbhs gh gnmnsbti annr fbans jn pécbgis h bgvnrtbr `hris jn bgvnstbcimbýg ng ugi
dbdabhtnmi. Abjnrir mhg ifhr gh ns tig mhfpabmijh. @isti ug gbùh punjn iprngjnr ah
\ 3= ¸Yuâ jntnrfbgi qun sbcgbmi ifir i Jbhs y ifir i ais pnrshgis. \nrh abjnrir mhg ifhr nxbcn fés qun
muégth iprngjn ustnj ng mhghmbfbngth. Jndnfhs nstir aanghs jna ifhr shdrngituria jna mbnah, gh shah ugi vnz,
Abjnrizch 98
sbgh fhfngth i fhfngth. Abjnrir mhg ifhr sbcgbmi shfntnrsn ia Nspærbtu ]igth y
jnpngjnr jn Âa `hri tris `hri. Tnqubnrn nstir igtn ai prnsngmbi jn Jbhs y idrbr gunstrh
mhrizýg piri qun Âa ah nsmujrbùn thjh na jæi. Ng htris piaidris, abjnrir mhg ifhr jnpngjn
jn ugi rnaimbýg `hgnsti, idbnrti n ægtbfi mhg Jbhs. I fnjbji qun `idaifhs mhg Jbhs
imnrmi jn ai mhgjbmbýg jn gunstrh mhrizýg, Âa `iré drbaair ai auz jn su \iaidri y jn su
prnsngmbi shdrn ghshtrhs. Ghs igbfi mhg gunstrh prhcrnsh. R ghs bgspbri i mhgtbguir
mrnmbngjh ng érnis ng ais qun jndnfhs fnohrir.
\iri iyujiran i qun ustnj iprngji i abjnrir mhg ifhr, thfifhs tbnfph ng miji
maisn piri nsmum`ir sus tnstbfhgbhs shdrn ai prémtbmi jn ais mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 23

Ah qun iprngji, jnpngjn jn ustnj. ]u prhcrnsh ng abjnrir i trivâs jna ifhr jnpngjn
jn muég `hgnsth sni mhg Jbhs, mhg ustnj fbsfh y mhg htrhs. Jnpngjn, tifdbâg, jn
su mhfprhfbsh mhg Mrbsth, mhg su pundah y mhg ai vnrjij. Jbsnùifhs nstn mursh piri
qun punji iprngjnr i abjnrir mhg ifhr. Nspnrifhs qun ustnj sni sbgmnrh, jbabcngtn y
mhgsnmungtn. \uns isæ ustnj sn mhgvnrtbré ng na aæjnr qun ai mhgcrncimbýg gnmnsbti.
B. Na ifhr g gh
h sn chzi jn ai bgoustb
bgoustbmbi,
mbi, fis sn chzi jn ai vnrjij
(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?;5 9 Mhrbgtbhs >?9-0)
Gunstri mbti piri ai anmmb
anmmbýg
ýg 9: sn ngmungtri ngtrn ais anmmbhgns fés bfphrtigtns jn ai
vbji. Na tnxth crbnch jbmn? Na ifhr… gh sn rnchmboi jn ai bgoustbmbi5 sbgh qun sn rrnchmboi
nchmboi
mhg ai vnrjij (9 Mh 9=?;). Nstn vnrsæmuah rnvnai ah qun idhrrnmn na ifhr y ah qun `imn \ 3: ¸Yuâ `imn ia ifhr
knabz ia ifhr écipn
écipn.. Ghs jbmn ng quâ y mhg quâ sn jnanbti na ifhr mnanstbia. Ia annr nstn trbstn h chzhsh8 Baustrn.
vnrsæmuah, tia vnz sn `ici iacugi prncugti, puns ia rnnxbhgir ng âa, nspnriræifhs qun
\idah jbonri? Na ifhr gh sn rnchmboi ng ah bgousth, sbgh qun sn rnchmboi ng ah ousth. \nrh \ 3> Jâ nonfpahs jn
iqunaahs qun sn chzig jn
\idah usi ai piaidri vnrjij ng vnz jn ai piaidri ousth. \idah jbmn qun na ifhr gh sn ai fiajij.
jnanbti ng ah bgousth, sbgh qun sn chzi ng ai vnrjij. Mhfh mrbstbighs, sbnfprn jndnfhs
nsmhcnr ngtrn ai bgoustbmbi y ai vnrjij jna nvigcnabh. \hrqun ai pnrshgi qun triti jn \ 3; ¸Mýfh iknmti
gunstri rnimmbýg `imbi ai
jnanbtirsn ng ai bgoustbmbi y ng ai vnrjij ns ugi pnrshgi jbvbjbji. \bâgsnah. ]b ug aæjnr h
fiajij i gunstri rnimmbýg
muiaqubnr sncubjhr jn Mrbsth sn jnanbtig ng ai fiajij, mhfh ng ahs pnmijhs snxuians, ng `imbi ai vnrjij8
na `urth h ng ai fngtbri, ngthgmns nsti pnrshgi sncurifngtn nsmhgjn ai vnrjij y fbngtn
imnrmi jn su mhfphrtifbngth. Ahs qun sn jnanbtig ng ai fiajij gh punjng idrizir ai
vnrjij, puns nsti nxphgn su `bphmrnsæi.
Igigæis y ]iri sn jnanbtidig mhg ah qun nri fiah, pnrh nsth ahs aanvý i fngtbr ia \ 33 ¸Ns phsbdan snr
rnspnmth. Gunstri rnimmbýg `imbi ah fiah jntnrfbgi gunstri rnimmbýg `imbi ai vnrjij. Ai ug aæjnr jn ai mhgcrncimbýg
y jnanbtirsn ng ai fiajij8
fiajij y ai vnrjij shg ngnfbcis. Ahs qun sn jnanbtig ng ah fiah tifdbâg sn jnanbtig ng Nxpabqun.
ai fngtbri. R ahs qun sn jnanbtig ng ah mhrrnmth tifdbâg sn jnanbtig ng ah vnrjijnrh. Na
fia y ai fngtbri shg iabijhs ng na mrbfng, fbngtris qun ai oustbmbi y ai vnrjij mifbgig
jn ai figh. I ahs qun `imng ah fiah ans custi vbvbr ng ais tbgbndais. \nrh ahs qun shg
ousths vbvng ng ai auz (Og =?49). Zrbstnfngt
Zrbstnfngtn,n, `iy fum`hs aæjnrns jn ai mhgcrncimbýg
qun sn jnanbtig ng ai bgoustbmbi snmrntifng
snmrntifngtn
tn.. Mhfh nonfpahs jn nsths, nstég ahs aæjnrns
mirgians qun mhfntng pnmijhs snxuians, an rhdig i ai mhgcrncimbýg y ahs qun idusig jn
sus phsbmbhgns y prbvbancbhs. \hr na mhgtrirbh, ahs qun mhgjumng mhg ifhr sn jnanbtig ng
ah qun ns mhrrnmth y sn rnchmboig ng Mrbsth, ai vnrjij suprnfi.
¸Yuâ ah `imn knabz i ustnj8 ¸Yuâ ah jnanbti8 Nstn ns na tnfi jn nsti anmmbýg.
\ 30 ¸Yuâ nrrhr
Iacughs jn ahs mhrbgtbhs nstidig mhgkugjbjhs. Irfidig qun tngæig ugi rnaimbýg mhfntbnrhg iacughs
mhg Jbhs, pnrh sn jnanbtidig ng ai fiajij. Tnmunrjn na pnmijh snxuia girrijh ng mrnyngtns jn Mhrbgth ng su
9 Mhrbgtbhs >?9-0. ^g `hfdrn jn ai bcansbi jn Mhrbgth figtngæi rnaimbhgns snxuians mhg imtbtuj `imbi ai fiajij8
ai nsphsi jn su pijrn. R iacughs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg jn Mhrbgth sn oimtidig
\ 32 ¸Iacugis jn ais
jna isugth. \idah jboh qun jndnræig nstir aifngtégjhsn, gh iairjnigjh (9 Mh >?9-4). pnrshgis qun ustnj
ustnj mhghmn
\idah ans figjý i nsths mrnyngtns qun simirig i nstn pnmijhr jn ai mhgcrncimbýg, mhg sn jnanbtig ia ngtrntngnrsn
ai nspnrigzi jn qun nsti jbsmbpabgi ah fhvbnri ia irrnpngtbfbngth. R \idah cubý i ahs mhg migmbhgns, imthrns y
mrnyngtns i ijhrir i Jbhs ng sigtbjij, sbgmnrbjij y vnrjij (9 Mh >?;-0). pnaæmuais pnroujbmbians8
pnroujbmbians8

\iri snr aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, jndnfhs ifir ah mhrrnmth y hjbir ah bgmhrrnmth. Fum`hs \ 0< Ahs aæjnrns
nspbrbtuians ifig ah
`hyjhfbgch.
na vbvng ng\nrh
pnmijh
ahs jurigtn ai snfigi,
`bpýmrbtis pirishg
mhfh nsths aunch anvigtir ais
ngciùijhs. fighs
Naahs bfpæis
gh shg i Jbhs
sncubjhrns y hjbig ah .

jn Mrbsth. Fés dbng, shg sncubjhrns jn ah bgmhrrnmth, mhg ugi kiasi nspnrigzi jn br ia
mbnah. Tnmhrjnfhs qun qubng nsmhcn ug mifbgh nsmhcn tifdbâg su jnstbgh. Gh phjnfhs
vbioir ng na mifbgh jn ai fiajij y iamigzir na jnstbgh jna mbnah. Ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?;,
\idah ghs rnmunrji qun, mhfh pundah jn Jbhs, jndnfhs rnnoir na mirémtnr jn gunstrh
\ijrn mnanstbia. Jbhs ns ousth y sigth5 isæ qun, sus aæjnrns jndng rnchmboirsn ng ah qun ns
vnrjijnrh, ousth y rnmth.

20 Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

\ 09 ¸Mýfh phjnfhs Na ifhr ns fés qun ug sngtbfbngth h ugi bausbýg5 tbngn ugi kunrtn âtbmi
rnmhghmnr na ifhr dædabmh8 fhria. \idah ghs jbrbcn i ipirtirghs jn ai bjni jn qun na ifhr ns ug sbfpan sngtbfbngth
Nxpabqun.
hsncubj
ugi nfhmbýg.
ah dungh‖Na(Thipýstha Na ifhr‑Na
94?2).nsmrbdn? ifhr sni sbg gcbfbngth. Idhrrnmnj ah fiah,
bgvhaumri sngtbfbngths, pnrh na ifhr ns fés qun
ug sngtbfbngth. Ahs sngtbfbngths shg vhaudans, mhfh `hois dirrbjis phr na vbngth.
Ahs sngtbfbngths punjng snr ahs prbfnrhs ng jnsipirnmnr y ahs ÿatbfhs ng rncrnsir. 0
¸Tnmunrji muég répbjifngtn ahs sngtbfbngths jn Ifgýg mifdbirhg jn ifhr i hjbh phr
Zifir8 (4 ] 9=?9-4<). Ahs sngtbfbngths shg mhfh gndabgi qun ipirnmn phr ug fhfngth
y jnsipirnmn mhg na sha. \nrh i jbknrngmbi jn ai gndabgi, na ifhr tbngn sustigmbi y dri.
Mhfh ai mhaufgi vnrtndria shstbngn ia munrph, ai fhriabjij ns ai mhaufgi vnrtndria jna
ifhr. \hjnfhs rnmhghmnr na ifhr dædabmh phr su giturianzi fhria, na ifhr jntnsti ah
fiah y sn iknrri i ah dungh. Na ifhr écipn hjbi ais tbgbndais y ifi ai auz. Jnsprnmbi
ai fiajij y nsté misijh mhg ah mhrrnmth. \idah gh shah ghs jbmn qun hjbnfhs ah fiah y
ifnfhs ah dungh. Fés dbng, âa jnsmrbdn ai giturianzi jna ifhr. Jbmn qun na ifhr ns purh
shaifngtn ng ai fnjbji ng qun jntnsti ah fiah y sn iknrri i ah dungh. 2 Fbrnfhs fés jn
mnrmi nsths jhs ispnmths jna ifhr dædabmh.
\ 04 ¸Muéans shg ¡Na ifhr hjbi! Mhgsbjnrn ai pirijhoi jn phgnr na ifhr y na hjbh ugh ia aijh jna htrh.
iacugis mhsis qun hjbi Ifdhs pirnmbnrig snr jhs mhfpiùnrhs nxtriùhs. Iug isæ, ai Dbdabi ngsnùi qun na ifhr
na ifhr8
hjbi5 hjbi ah qun ns fiah. Iacughs pbngsig qun na ifhr ns shaifngtn ugi tbnrgi y dhgjijhsi
nfhmbýg `imbi ah mhrrnmth. \nrh Thfighs 94?2 rnvnai qun na ifhr tbngn ug aijh jn kurbi,
mhfh na jn ugi ciaabgi ngkurnmbji qun prhtncn i sus phaaunahs. Ai piaidri crbnci piri hjbh
ns stucnh
stucnh.. \nrh ng Thfighs 94?2, \idah usi iph-stucnh
iph-stucnh,, ai muia bgtngsbmi hjbh y
sbcgbmi hjbir vbhangtifngtn h idhrrnmnr nxmnsbvifngtn. 9< Thfighs 94?2 jnsmrbdn na
N  hjbh nxtrnfh.
nxtrnfh. Na ifhr gh shah sn idstbngn jna fia, sbgh qun, i jbknrngmbi jn ahs mrnyngtns
   jn Zbitbri, gh thanri pisbvifngtn ai fiajij (Ip 4?4<-4=). Na ifhr rnm`izi ai fiajij mhg
ugi pisbýg bgtngsi y irjbngtn. 99 Na ifhr écipn sn nghoi mhg ai fiajij. ]bngtn mnah phr ah
 . qun ns mhrrnmth y mnah mhgtri ah qun ns bgmhrrnmth. Onsÿs jnfhstrý ug ifhr kurbhsh phr ai
misi jn Jbhs, muigjh abfpbý na tnfpah. Jn bcuia fignri, na ifhr jn Jbhs ng gunstrh
bgtnrbhr ghs `imn rnm`izir y `idair ng mhgtri jn ais fiajijns tians mhfh na idush bgkigtba,
 ai phrghcrikæi, na idhrth, ai `hfhsnxuiabjij y thjis ais khrfis jn pnmijh (vni Th 9=?2).
\idah ans nsmrbdbý i ahs rhfighs jnsjn Mhrbgth. Nfpaný ai kunrtn piaidri crbnci
phgnrhs piri fia, ng vnz jn ai piaidri crbnci fnghs snvnri? eiehs eiehs.. Ng na Gunvh
Znstifngth ng crbnch, `h phgnrhs sn rnnrn i fngujh i ]itigés, na fiabcgh (Ft >?=35
;?9=5 9=?925 Og 93?9>). Bcuiafngtn, phgnrhs sn rnnrn i nstn sbcah fiah y i ais cngnrimbhgns
fiavijis (Cé 9?:5 Nk >?9;). 94 Ai pnrshgi pnrvnrsi tbngn qun ngkrngtir na oubmbh jn Jbhs
(9 Mh >?9=). Ng mhgtristn, ai npæsthai i ahs Thfighs ghs cuæi i gh mhgkhrfirghs i nstn
fugjh pnrvnrsh, sbgh i snr trigskhrfijhs ia tngnr ugi fngtn rnghviji (Th 94?4), i hjbir
na fia y ifir ah dungh. I fnjbji qun \idah ans nsmrbdæi i ahs rhfighs jnsjn Mhrbgth,
sbg juji âa ans `bzh rnmhrjir ais fiajijns jn ai mhgcrncimbýg jn ahs mhrbgtbhs, tians mhfh
jbvbsbhgns, pnmijhs snxuians, `bphmrnsæi, nchæsfh y hrcuaah.9=
\ 0= ¸Yuâ sbngtn na Na ifhr gh ns bgmbnrth gb bgjnmbsh imnrmi jn ai fiajij. Na ifhr gh ns jn jhdan
ifhr `imbi ai fiajij8 égbfh ng muigth ia pnmijh. Gh ifi ai fiajij ng na `hcir, y jnfunstri jntnstirai ng
Baustrn.
pÿdabmh. Muigjh
Muigjh na ifhr sn ngmungtri mhg ai fiajij, ai jntnsti, ai jnsprnmbi, ai idhrrnmn
y ai rnm`izi. Na ifhr hjbi thjh ah qun Jbhs irfi qun ns fiah.
Na ifhr gh ns gnutria `imbi ai fiajij. Gh ns pisbvh gb
bgjbknrngtn `imbi ais mhsis pnmifbghsis. Na ifhr ns ug N  
ngnfbch vn`nfngtn mhgtri ai fiajij. Na ifhr gh ns mhfh   
ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai bcansbi jn Zbitbri qun thanridig i Onzidna, 
ugi fuonr fiaviji jn ai mhgcrncimbýg (Ip 4?4<). Fés dbng
na ifhr ns mhfh ai imtbtuj jn ahs mrnyngtns jn Âknsh. Onsÿs   .
ahs nahcbý? ‑\nrh tbngns nsth, qun idhrrnmns ais hdris jn

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 22

ahs gbmhaiætis, ais muians yh tifdbâg idhrrnzmh‖ (Ip 4?;). Na ifhr rnimmbhgi `imbi ai
fiajij jn ai fbsfi khrfi ng qun rnimmbhgiræi ug pijrn mhgtri iacubng qun ifngizi mhg
snmunstrir i su `boh.

Na ifhr gh sn sbngtn itriæjh phr ai fiajij. Gh an cubùi na hoh gb an mhquntni i \ 0: jnmnpmbýg

crigjn
¸Muéa ns ai fés
jn nsti
ai fiajij. Mhfh na mirifnah ns juamn, jbskrutifhs ia jiran vunatis ugi y htri vnz ng
cngnrimbýg8 Nxpabqun.
ai dhmi. Jn bcuia fignri, iacugis tngtimbhgns shg juamns piri ai mirgn. \hjræifhs
sngtbrghs tngtijhs i `imnr ifbstij h mhgsngtbr ahs ‑juamns‖ pngsifbngths mhfh ai
auourbi, ai vngcigzi, ai mhjbmbi h na hrcuaah. Ais pnrshgis qun gh ifig i Jbhs ouncig
mhg ahs fiahs pngsifbngths ugi y htri vnz ng su fngtn, mhfh sb kunrig ug ‑mirifnah‖
fngtia. \nrh \idah irrhoi ugi auz shdrn tians pngsifbngths jnsmubjijhs, pnmifbghshs y
mirgians. Ng Thfighs ;”0 nxphgn ia pnmijh mhfh rniafngtn ns? sbcun su prhpbi any5 ns
jnmbr, ns rndnabýg mhgtri ai any jn Jbhs. R ng Thfighs 94?2 \idah ghs cuæi i vnr ai vbji i
trivâs jn ahs hohs jn Jbhs. Ai \iaidri jn Jbhs y na Nspærbtu jn Jbhs ghs ngtrngig i hjbir
ah fiah. Jndnfhs mubjirghs jn sngtbrghs i custh h mýfhjhs mhg ai fiajij. Zngnfhs
qun gncirghs i pnrfbtbr qun ais mhsis fiais ghs ngtrntngcig. Jndnfhs idhrrnmnr na
`nm`h jn `imnr ifbstij mhg ah fiavijh. Na ifhr gh mhquntni mhg na fia. Gh imirbmbi
ah qun ns pnmifbghsh. Tnm`imn ug fia pngsifbngth jn su fngtn, mhfh sb nsmupbnri
ugi snfbaai ifirci. Na ifhr jntnsti ai fiajij
f iajij isæ mhfh na `hfdrn hjbi i ugi snrpbngtn
vngnghsi i pugth jn itimir. Na fugjh ns bgfhria. Jbmn? ‑]bcun i tu mhrizýg‖. \nrh ai
Dbdabi jbmn? ‑hjbi ah fiah y ikârritn i ah mhrrnmth‖. Jbhs ns ifhr, pnrh na fiyhr ngciùh
jn nsti cngnrimbýg ns ai bjni jn qun na ifhr punjn jbskrutir jn mhrtis mifbgitis mhg
Jbhs ng fnjbh jn ug mhfpiùnrbsfh mhg ai fiajij. \iri snr ifbchs jn Jbhs jndnfhs
snr ngnfbchs jn ai fiajij. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, ia mifbgir miji jæi, tngci ng mungti qun na
Nspærbtu jn Jbhs ng su bgtnrbhr fbri i trivâs jn sus hohs y mhghmn miji pngsifbngth qun
ustnj tbngn. \rimtbqun `hgrir i Jbhs ng sus pngsifbngths ægtbfhs, punsth qun Âa fhri
ng ustnj y ns su junùh. ^stnj ns na tnfpah jna Nspærbtu ]igth (9 Mh =?9;5 ;?92). ¡\ýrtnsn
mhgkhrfn i nsti vnrjij!
Onsÿs ijvbrtbý qun, ng ahs ÿatbfhs jæis, jndbjh i qun na fia idugjiré, na ifhr jn
ai fiyhræi sn ngkrbiré (Ft 4:?94). Isæ mhfh na icui ipici na kunch, ai fiajij punjn
nxtbgcubr na ifhr dædabmh. Isæ qun, ngtrngâfhghs piri tngnr ai imtbtuj mhrrnmti `imbi
ai fiajij hjbigjh ah fiah. Nstn ns na prbfnr aijh jna ifhr fngmbhgijh phr \idah ng
Thfighs 94?2. Fbngtris hjbnfhs ai fiajij tngjrnfhs mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs.
‑Ahs qun ifébs i On`hvé, idhrrnmnj na fia5 Âa cuirji ais iafis jn sus sigths5
jn figh jn ahs bfpæhs ahs abdri‖ (]ia 23?9<).
23?9<).
Na ifhr gh ns ugbaitnria. \hr na mhgtrirbh, na ifhr ns mhfh ugi fhgnji? tbngn jhs \ 0> ¸Muéans shg ahs
aijhs. Na sncugjh aijh ns na qun sn iknrri i ah qun ns dungh. Ai piaidri crbnci piri jhs aijhs jna ifhr8
iknrrir (ehaaihfib
ehaaihfib)) ipirnmn ng ahs nsmrbths jn \idah shaifngtn mhg rnknrngmbi i ais
\ 0; ¸Yuâ baustri ai
rnaimbhgns snxuians (9 Mh ;?9;, 935 vni tifdbâg Ft 92?>). 9: \idah ghs cuæi i iknrrirghs fignri ng qun na ifhr sn
i ah qun ns dungh, isæ mhfh muigjh ug `hfdrn sn misi, sn ugn i su nsphsi y sn iknrri i iknrri i ah qun ns mhrrnmth8
naai. Na ifhr idrizi ah qun ns mhrrnmth, tigth mhfh hjbi ah fiah.
Na ifhr sn iknrri i ah qun ns mhrrnmth mhfh Tut sn ipncý i Ghnfæ. Mhg ugi imtbtuj
mhgstigtn y rfn, na ifhr sn iknrri i ah purh, ousth y `hgnsth. Isæ mhfh Mrbsth nsté
mhfprhfntbjh mhg su bcansbi, na ifhr idrizi, sn iknrri y sn suonti i ai oustbmbi.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, primtbmir Thfighs 94?2 ns ai maivn piri rnmbdbr na kivhr jn Jbhs
y su dngjbmbýg phrqun, muigjh idhrrnmnfhs ah fiah y sncubfhs ah dungh, bfbtifhs i
Jbhs y tngnfhs mhfugbýg mhg Âa. Nsth an pnrfbtn i Jbhs trigskhrfirghs i su snfnoigzi
y mufpabr thji su vhaugtij piri ghshtrhs. \rimtbmir Thfighs 94?2 kun ai maivn piri ai \ 03 ¸Jn quâ fignri
nxiatimbýg jn Onsÿs. Tnmunrjn @ndrnhs 9?2. idhrrnmnr ah fiah y ifir
‑@is ifijh ai oustbmbi, y idhrrnmbjh ai fiajij, phr ah muia tn ugcbý Jbhs, na Jbhs ah mhrrnmth iknmti ai ugmbýg
jn ug aæjnr y su rnaimbýg
tuyh, mhg ýanh jn iancræi fés qun i tus mhfpiùnrhs‖ (@nd 9?25 vnr ]ia 23?9<)
23?9<).. mhg Jbhs8

9<< Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

\ 00 Jn imunrjh mhg Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, `écisn ug kivhr y tifdbâg `écisnah i htrhs? sbci ais `unaais jn
@ndrnhs 9?2, ¸phr quâ Onsÿs. \hgci ng prémtbmi ug ifhr sbgmnrh y mhgstigtn, idhrrnzmi na fia y ikârrnsn ia dbng
Jbhs nxiatý i Mrbsth ng su (Th 94?25 9 Zs >?4<-445 @nd 9?25 ]ia 23?9<).
fbgbstnrbh8 Ipabqun nsti
ngsnùigzi i su prhpbi vbji. [bmngtn nri ug imhsijhr qun sn rnæi muigjh aistbfidi i htrhs. ]n jnanbtidi ng ai

fiajij.
chapnidi.Fum`hs
]u fijrnjn sus mhfpiùnrhs
ah fitrbmuaý ng jn
ugimaisn sukræig
nsmunai muigjh
mrbstbigi mhgâa aiahsnspnrigzi
kistbjbidijnh qun
ahs
mifdbiri. Ng na muirth crijh, su finstrh, na ]r. Zâaanz, jnsmudrbý qun na pijrn jn [bmngtn
an jidi piabzis jnsjn ahs mbgmh iùhs. Htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi an jnmæig i [bmngtn
\ 02 ¸Mýfh iyujý ai qun âa nri knh y nstÿpbjh. Nsti `bsthrbi imnrmi jn [bmngtn an iyujý ia ]r. Zâaanz i
finstri ia imhsijhr8 [bmngtn `imæi sngtbr fia i htrhs, nri ¡phrqun âa fbsfh sn sngtæi
mhfprngjnr qun, muigjh [bmngtn
fia! \hr fnjbh jna ifhr pbijhsh, na ]r. Zâaanz pujh mifdbir ai vbji jn [bmngtn. Nstn
iprngjbý qun Jbhs ah ifidi y qun âa nri ugi pnrshgi viabhsi igtn ahs hohs jn Jbhs. Nsti
vnrjij trioh iancræi i su vbji y ¡jntuvh su fiajij `imbi htrhs! ¡]n rnchmboý ng ai vnrjij
qun ah `bzh abdrn! Fum`hs iùhs jnspuâs, muigjh [ [bmngtn
bmngtn sn crijuý jn ai ugbvnrsbjij, an
nsmrbdbý i ]r. Zâaanz ugi mirti. An tnstbmý mýfh mifdbý su vbji ng na muirth crijh
phrqun âa, mhfh finstrh pbijhsh, an ngsnùý i gh jnanbtirsn ng ai fiajij, ¡sbgh i
rnchmboirsn ng ai vnrjij!
\ 2< ¸Mhghmn ustnj Ai Dbdabi jnsmrbdn i ahs qun sn rnchmboig ng ai fiajij. Ahs ngnfbchs jn Bsrina sn
i iacubng qun sn jnanbtn ng rnchmboidig muigjh ahs `bohs jn Jbhs pnrjæig ugi ditiaai h nstidig ng prhdanfis (4 ] 9?4<5
ai fiajij8 ¸Mýfh punjn ]ia =>?92). ¡Na ifhr jbvbgh gugmi sncubræi na nonfpah jn ahs ngnfbchs jn Bsrina! ¡\nrh
iyujir i nsi pnrshgi piri
qun sn rnchmbon ng ai vnrjij8 iacugis vnmns ahs `bohs jn Jbhs gb sbqubnri sn jig mungti jn qun sn nstég jnanbtigjh ng ai
fiajij! ]igtbich `idai jn iqunaahs i ahs qun ans ngmigti prnsufbr imnrmi jn sus prhpbhs
paigns fnghsprnmbigjh
fnghsprnmbigjh ai vhaugtij jjnn Jbhs. Â Âaa jbmn qqun
un rnchmboirsn ng nsti oimtigmbi ¡ns
pnmijh! (]tc :?9;). Nsths imths
imths icrijig i ]itigés y jnsicrijig ia ]nùhr.
]nùhr.
\ 29 ¸Na ifhr pbijhsh Na ifhr sn rnchmboi ng ai vnrjij. Onsÿs ns ai vnrjij, ai vbji y na mifbgh (Og 9:?;).
punjn rnchmboirsn ng ai Isæ qun, ¡ghs custi rnchmboirghs ng Onsÿs! Zifdbâg ghs rnchmboifhs ng ai \iaidri jn
hsmurbjij jna pnmijh8
Nxpabqun.
Jbhs, ai muia ns gunstrh nstégjir jn ai vnrjij (Og 93?93). Fum`hs sn rnchmboig ng kiasis
ngsnùigzis qun itring i ai mirgn. \nrh na ifhr sn rnchmboi ng ai vnrjij. Ouig kun mhghmbjh
mhfh na ipýstha jna ifhr. Mungtn ais vnmns ng qun rnaimbhgi na ifhr mhg ai vnrjij ng su
N   sncugji npæsthai.
9
‑Na igmbigh i ai snùhri nancbji y i sus `bohs, i qubngns yh ifh ng ai vnrjij5
 y gh sýah yh, sbgh tifdbâg thjhs ahs qun `ig mhghmbjh ai vnrjij, 4 i miusi jn ai
  vnrjij qun pnrfignmn ng ghshtr
ghshtrhs,
hs, y nstiré piri sbnfprn mhg ghshtrhs? = ]ni mhg
 . vhshtrhs crimbi, fbsnrbmhrjbi y piz, jn Jbhs \ijrn y jna ]nùhr Onsumrbsth, @boh
jna \ijrn, ng vnrjij y ng ifhr‖ (4 Og 9?9-=).
9?9-=).
Ouig misi ia ifhr mhg ai vnrjij. ]bg ai vnrjij, na ifhr ns shah ugi méabji sngsimbýg
\ 24 ¸Ns phsbdan ifir h ug sngtbfbngth. Gh jndnfhs snpirir na ifhr jn ai vnrjij. Iqunaahs qun sn rnchmboig
ai fiajij y ifir ai vnrjij8
ng ai fiajij shg pnrvnrshs y igjig ng ais tbgbndais (\r 4?9<, 94, 9:). \nrh ahs `bohs jna
Nxpabqun.
 ifhr y jn ai auz ¡sn rnchmboig ng ai vnrjij! Isæ qun, rnnonfhs ug mirémtnr qun sni purh,
ousth y vnrjijnrh. Yu
Yunn gunstrhs pngsifbngths snmrnths y gunstris ppiaidris
iaidris y immbhgns ng
pÿdabmh nstâg aangis jn
jn ifhr, oustbmb
oustbmbi,
i, auz y vnrjij.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, ¡tngci mubjijh! ]u fbgbstnrbh, bgungmbi y kuturh ng na mbnah
jnpngjng jn abjnrir mhg ifhr y mhg vnrjij. Ng Fitnh 4=, Onsÿs rnprngjbý i ahs
aæjnrns rnabcbhshs jn su tbnfph. Nsths nrig aæjnrns phpuairns y phjnrhshs. \hjæig mbtir
\ 2=
muiaqubnr vnrsæmuah jn ahs nsmrbths phr Fhbsâs. \icidig sus jbnzfhs
jbnzfhs.. @imæig dungis
Ahs kirbsnhs ng na
tnfpah jn @nrhjns, ¸`imbi hdris y aircis hrimbhgns (Am 4<?:3). [nstæig rhpis rnabcbhsis y aanvidig crigjns Dbdabis
jýgjn cubidig i
sus mhgvnrtbjhs8 (Ft 4=?>). Isbstæig
jnsmubjirhg i ahs muaths
ahs isugths ng na tnfpahjn¡yaisnany
fés bfphrtigtns sngtidig
jn Jbhsngmhfh
ais prbfnris
ifir i digmis!
Jbhs y i\nrh
ais
pnrshgis, primtbmir ai oustbmbi, ai fbsnrbmhrjbi y ai kn (Ft 4=?4=). Naahs tifdbâg `imæig
ugi nxmnangtn aidhr prhsnabtbsti. Onsÿs jboh? ‑¡Iy jn vhshtrhs, nsmrbdis y kirbsnhs,

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 9<9

`bpýmrbtis! phrqun rnmhrrâbs fir y tbnrri piri `imnr ug prhsâabth, y ugi vnz `nm`h, an
vhshtrhs‖ (Ft 4=?9>).
`imâbs jhs vnmns fés `boh jna bgnrgh qun vhshtrhs‖
Nsths aæjnrns tngæig phpuairbjij, phsbmbýg y phjnr, pnrh Onsÿs irfý qun naahs \ 2: Jhgjn ustnj
mirnmæig jn bgungmbi. Onsÿs an jboh i ai cngtn qun hdnjnmbnri sus ngsnùigzis dædabmis, vbvn, ¸iacughs aæjnrns
tbngng phsbmbýg y phjnr,
pnrh qun rnm`izir
rnm`izirii sus nonfpahs. ¸\hr quâ8 \hrqun nsths aæjnrns `idaidig pnrh mirnmng jn bgungmbi8
mhrrnmtifngtn, pnrh mifbgidig thrmbjh. Gh primtbmidig ng prbvijh ah qun prnjbmidig Nxpabqun.
jnsjn na pÿapbth. Nrig sigths na jhfbgch, pnrh pnmijhrns jn augns i sédijh. Nrig
mhfh snpuamrhs pbgtijhs jn daigmh, pnrh aanghs ng su bgtnrbhr jn `unshs jn `hfdrns
funrths. Ipirngtidig snr sigths ng na nxtnrbhr, pnrh nstidig aanghs jn mhjbmbi y
iuthmhfpaimngmbi ng su bgtnrbhr (Ft 4=?4>).
9
‑Ngthgmns `idaý Onsÿs i ai cngtn y i sus jbsmæpuahs,
jbmbngjh? 4 Ng ai métnjri jn Fhbsâs sn sbngtig ahs
nsmrbdis y ahs kirbsnhs. = Isæ qun, thjh ah qun hs jbcig
qun cuirjâbs, cuirjijah y `imnjah5 fis gh `icébs
mhgkhrfn i sus hdris, phrqun jbmng, y gh `imng.
:
\hrqunn itig mircis pnsijis y jbkæmbans jn aanvir,
\hrqu aanvir, y ais
phgng shdrn ahs `hfdrh
`hfdrhss jn ahs `hfdrns5 pnrh naahs gb
mhg ug jnjh qubnrng fhvnrais. > Igtns, `imng thjis sus
hdris piri snr vbsths phr ahs `hfdrns. \uns ngsigm`ig
sus aimtnrbis, y nxtbngjng
nxtbngjng ahs nmhs jn sus figths5
figths5
¡Iy jn vhshtrhs, nsmrbdis y kirbsnhs, `bpýmrbtis!
4=

phrqun jbnzfébs ai fngti y na ngnajh y na mhfbgh, y

jnoébs ah fés bfphrtigtn jn ai any? ai oustbmbi, ai fbsnrbmhrjbi y ai kn. Nsth nri
gnmnsirbh `imnr, sbg jnoir jn `imnr iqunaah. 4: ¡Cuæis mbnchs, qun mhaébs na
fhsqubth, y tricébs na mifnaah! 4> ¡Iy jn vhshtrhs, nsmrbdis y kirbsnhs, `bpýmrbtis!
phrqun abfpbébs
abfpbébs ah jn kunri jna vish y jna paith,
paith, pnrh phr jngtrh
jngtrh nstébs aanghs jn
rhdh y jn bgoustbmbi. ¡Kirbsnh mbnch! Abfpbi prbfnrh ah jn jngtrh jna vish y jna
4;

paith, piri qun tifdbâg

tifdbâg ah jn kunri sni abfp
abfpbh‖
bh‖ (Ft 4=?9->i, 4=-4;).
4=-4;).
Ipabmimbýg. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, tngci nsth ng mungti. Ng \ 2> ¸Yuâ ijvnrtngmbi
ais muaturis qun viahrig ia cruph, ustnj punjn figtngnr su A jndng ahs aæjnrns rnmbdbr jn
Fitnh 4=8
phsbmbýg, bgmaush jnspuâs jn pnrjnr su rnaimbýg mhg na ]nùhr ,
y pnrjnr su bgungmbi mhg ais pnrshgis. Onsÿs gh funstri
kivhrbtbsfh. ^stnj punjn ngciùir i ais pnrshgis, pnrh gh  
punjn ngciùir i Jbhs. R Âa ns na ounz jn thjhs. \uns ns ,
gnmnsirbh qun thjhs mhfpirnzmifhs igtn na trbdugia jn   
Mrbsth, piri qun miji ugh rnmbdi ah qun an mhrrnsphgjn phr
ah qun `bzh fbngtris qun nstidi ng su munrph, yi sni dungh h
.
fiah (4 Mh >?9<). @écisn ifbch jn ai vnrjij, h Onsÿs iacÿg
jæi an `idairé mhfh ah `bzh mhg ahs `bpýmrbtis fngmbhgijhs ng Fitnh 4=. Ifn y vbvi ai
vnrjij. \rimtbqun ah qun prnjbmi. Ifn i Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis. R sb ustnj shah rnmunrji
ugi mhsi jn nstn mursh, qun sni nsth? Na ifhr ‑gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi, fis sn chzi
jn ai vnrjij‖ (9 Mh 9=?;).

Anmmbýg Na ifhr thjh ah shphrti? gugmi sn rbgjn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3).

 Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ahs jbnz jnsikæhs qun ngkrngtig ahs aæjnrns.
9> Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir mýfh ahs aæjnrns punjng vbvbr aanghs jna ifhr jn Jbhs piri phjnr shphrtir thjis
ais mhsis.

Tnpish? Zhfn jbnz fbguths jn ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns ng pirnois mhfpirtig
na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn rnchmboirsn ng ah qun ns vnrjijnrh y mhrrnmth
y qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs jn nstujbir ai anmmbýg 9:.

9<4 Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

\ 2; Mhfpantn ai curi =.90 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug ifbch y qun miji
ugh ng jhs fbguths mhfpirti sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jna ifhr qun sn rnchmboi ng ai vnrjij.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna ifhr qun sn rnchmboi ng ai vnrjij
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn rnchmboirsn ng ai vnrjij?

Kbcuri =.90 \rimtbmir iacugis fignris jn rnchmboirsn ng ai vnrjij (jhs fbguths).

\ 23 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ais `bsthrbis jn sus mhfpiùnrhs jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn rnchmboirsn ng ai vnrjij piri thji ai maisn
\ 20 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 22 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri =.92 Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng rnchmboirsn ng ai vnrjij.
Ng nstis prbfnris mithrmn anmmbhgns, ngkitbzifhs qun na mhrizýg jn ug aæjnr jndn snr
purh, sigth
sigth y aang
aanghh jna ifhr jn Jbhs. Ng nst
nstii ÿat
ÿatbfi
bfi anmmbý
anmmbýgg jn ai ^g
^gbjij
bjij 9, nstuj
nstujbirnfhs
birnfhs
ai jâmbfi mirimtnræstbmi jna ifhr ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9?:-3.
O. Na ifhr thjh ah shphrti? gugmi sn rbgjn (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3).
Ahs jnsikæhs jna abjnrizch. Jnsjn ahs prbfnrhs jæis jn su fbgbstnrbh, na aæjnr
nspbrbtuia gnmnsbtiré ai pnrsnvnrigmbi prhphrmbhgiji phr na ifhr jn Jbhs. Muigjh
thjivæi ns ohvng, `iy tngtimbhgns qun jnsvæig ai fbriji y prundis qun `imng trhpnzir ahs
\ 9<< ¸I quâ sn pirnmn pbns jna aæjnr.
aæjnr. Ai ijuaimbýg y ai phpuairbjij sn ngmungtrig ngtrn ahs prb
prbfnrhs
fnrhs ngnfbchs
ug ifhr rfn8 qun na aæjnr ngkrngti. \nrh, i fnjbji qun na aæjnr pnrsnvnri jurigtn nsti tnfphriji jn
`iaichs, pisi mhfh ugi augi jn fbna ng ahs prbfnrhs jæis jna fitrbfhgbh. Aunch aancig
\ 9<9 ¸Muéans shg ahs
ais mrætbmis, ahs furfurijhrns y iqunaahs mhg ai angcui vbpnrbgi jn ai miaufgbi. Ougth
jhmn jnsikæhs ng ahs qun ug
aæjnr jndn pnrsnvnrir8 mhg nsths, na ifhr jndn shphrtir ahs itiquns jn imtbtujns jn bgcritbtuj. Iug ng ai prbfnri
jâmiji jn su fbgbstnrbh, iacughs qun ugi vnz ijuairhg y nahcbirhg i ug aæjnr punjng
nfpnzir i mrbtbmirah, i itimirah, i durairsn jn âa y i hjbirah. Tépbjifngtn, na vngngh jna
hjbh mudrn ais juamns fbciois jna nahcbh. R sbnfprn `iy prnsbhgns kæsbmis, nfhmbhgians,
fngtians, shmbians y gigmbnris jna fbgbstnrbh qun isnm`ig jnsjn thjhs ahs égcuahs. Is Isææ
qun, pnrfbtifhs qun ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs sn prnpirng piri pnanir ai dungi ditiaai jn ai
kn, bgmaush jnsjn sus prbfnrhs iùhs fbgbstnrbians. R ng ahs ÿatbfhs iùhs jn abjnrizch,
ahs fbgbstrhs jndng prnpirir gunvis prnjbmimbhgns y ngsnùigzis jhfbgch tris jhfbgch
piri cubir dioh ai fbriji jn Jbhs fbngtris
fbngtris pisthrnig i `hfdrns y fuonrns.
fuonrns.
Jnsjn na prbgmbpbh `isti na g, ahs aæjnrns gnmnsbtig na ubr jna ifhr mnanstbia piri
pnrsnvnrir.. Na abjnrizch ns nxbcngtn. \idah jnsmrbdbý iacughs jn ahs jnsikæhs jn snr ug
pnrsnvnrir
aæjnr nspbrbtuia. Fuy phmhs ngkrngtig ais pnrsnmumbhgns nxtrnfis jn \idah, pnrh thjhs
\ 9<4 ¸Ng quâ jndng ahs aæjnrns tbngng su prhpbi absti jn prundis.
pnrsnvnrir ahs aæjnrns8
aæjnrns8 Ghshtrhs gh ghs jnsmhrizhgifhs phrqun Jbh Jbhss ghs rngunvi ng na bgtnrbh
bgtnrbhrr mhg su ifhr
 y phr su Nspærbtu ]igth.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 9<=

0
‑Yun nstifhs itrbduaijhs ng thjh, fis gh igcustbijhs5 ng ipurhs, fis
gh jnsnspnrijhs5 2 pnrsncubjhs, fis gh jnsifpirijhs5 jnrrbdijhs, pnrh gh
jnstrubjhs... 9; \hr tigth, gh jnsfiyifhs5 igtns iugqun nstn gunstrhgunstrh `hfdrn
nxtnrbhr sn vi jnscistigjh, na bgtnrbhr gh hdstigtn sn rngunvi jn jæi ng jæi‖
9;).
(4 Mh :?0-2, 9;).
\iri shdrnvbvbr, \idah gnmnsbtý fum`i iyuji jn pirtn jna Nspærbtu ]igth. Ng 4 Mhrbgtbhs \ 9<= ¸Mýfh sn nstég
9?0, fngmbhgi sukrbfbngths `ufigifngtn bfphsbdans jn shdrnaanvir
shdrnaanvir.. \hstnrbhrfngtn ng su jnscistigjh nxtnrbhrfngtn
ahs mrnyngtns8
mirti, âa ngufnriré fum`hs htrhs sukrbfbngths, tians mhfh prbsbhgns, icnaimbhgns, trnbgti
y gunvn izhtns, ipnjrnifbngths, giukricbhs, aijrhgns. I fngujh \idah sn ngmhgtrý sbg
iabfngth, sbg rhpi, sbg rnphsh y sbg ifbchs. R vbvbý mhg ug icuboýg ng ai mirgn qun ah
ithrfngtidi. Bgsuaths, ijvnrsbjijns, jhahrns, pnrsnmumbhgns, jbmuatijns y jndbabjijns
imhfpiùidig i \idah ng su mifbgir i jhgjnqubnri qun kunri (4 Mh 99?9;”94?9<).
Ng ugi nsmiai fnghr thjhs tngnfhs gunstris aum`is. Ais ngknrfnjijns ghs itimig.
Ais nfprnsis ghs rhdig. Ahs ifbchs ghs idigjhgig. Ais kunrzis kiaaig. Ahs snrns
ifijhs ghs jnmnpmbhgig. ]itigés sn durai jn ghshtrhs.
Ai shaumbýg. ‑\hr tigth, gh jnsfiyifhs5 igtns iugqun nstn gunstrh `hfdrn nxtnrbhr \ 9<: ¸Muéans shg
sn vi jnscistigjh, na bgtnrbhr gh hdstigtn sn rngunvi
rngunvi jn jæi ng jæi‖ (4 Mh :?9;). Ng na iacugis jn ais fignris ng
qun an pnrfbtbfhs ia Nspærbtu
jnsbnrth méabjh y snmh, \idah tngæi idugjigmbi jn icui krnsmi. Âa dndæi, mhg krnmungmbi, ]igth qun ghs rngunvn ng
jn ai ‑kungtn jn icui qun UdrhtiV piri vbji ntnrgi‖ (Og :?9=-9:). \idah hridi sbg mnsir gunstrh bgtnrbhr8
piri qun na ifhr jn Jb
Jbhs
hs aang
aangiri
iri su mhrizýg. \iri njbmirsn, âa hridi
ng angcuis fés jn ah qun hridig thjhs ahs mhrbgtbhs (9 Mh 9:?90).
Fnjbtidi ng ais prhfnsis jn Jbhs. Jbskrutidi pnrfigngtnfngtn

jn ai prnsngmbi jn Mrbsth. Jn fhjh qun âa phjæi jnmbr? 9; ‑Ng fb

prbfnri jnkngsi gbgcugh nstuvh i fb aijh, sbgh qun thjhs fn
jnsifpirirhg5 gh ans sni thfijh ng mungti. 93 \nrh na ]nùhr
nstuvh i fb aijh y fn jbh kunrzis‖ (4 Zb :?9;-93). \ 9<> ¸Muéans shg
Na ifhr jn Jbhs mipimbti i ahs aæjnrns i aahrir mhg ahs iacugis mhsis qun na ifhr
qun aahrig y i rnchmboirsn mhg ahs qun sn rnchmboig. Na ifhr mipimbti i ahs aæjnrns piri
`imnr y shphrtir8
ghs ji ais kunrzis piri snr mhfh ug pijrn piri ahs gunvhs
mhgvnrtbjhs, piri rnprngjnr i ahs `bpýmrbtis y piri abjbir
nafngtn mhg ahs rnbgmbjngtns. Na ifhr jn Jbhs nfphjnri
Kbcuri =.4< Na sufh simnrjhtn
i ahs aæjnrns piri shphrtir aanvir na pnsh jn mngtngirns jn aanvidi shdrn su mhrizýg na
iafis ng su mhrizýg, isæ mhfh na sufh simnrjhtn aanvidi pnmthria qun rnprnsngtidi ais
i ais trbdus jn Bsrina ng su pnmthria. Abjnrir ng ifhr `isti jhmn trbdus jn Bsrina. Jn bcuia
punjn aanvir i qun ahs aæjnr
aæjnrns
ns pirnzmig y sn sbngt
sbngtig
ig vbnohs, fignri, ahs aæjnrns gnmnsbtig
ifhr piri phjnr shphrtir,
muigjh thjivæi shg oývngns. Ais nxbcngmbis shdrn ug aæjnr punsth qun aanvig na pnsh
ghs aanvig
piri isis8‖
nstis mh
nstis jnmbrIug
mhsis8‖ mhfhisæ,æ,\idah?
is phj ‑¸Yubâg
phjnfhs
nfhs jjnmbr punjn
nmbr mh
mhg snr
g \ida ipth
h? ‑na
\idah? jn ais iafis
igmbighs ng jn
su oývngns
mhrizýg.y
ifhr thjh ah shphrti‖ (9 Mh 9=?3).
]b na aæjnr min, fbs `nrfighs y `nrfigis, jnsjn su
iati phsbmbýg ng na snrvbmbh, ¡muég crig jiùh punjn trinr \ 9<; ¸Mýfh ans iknmti
i Jbhs y i su pundah ai miæji
nsth i ai mhgcrncimbýg! ]b na aæjnr jna pundah jn Jbhs jn ug aæjnr8
sn jnsabzi ng aucirns rnsdiaijbzhs, sn prhjumng crbths
jn iancræi ngtrn ahs ngnfbchs jna ]nùhr. Ahs jnfhgbhs
jigzig phr ais miaans muigjh ahs fbgbstrhs trhpbnzig y
ming. ¡Na bgnrgh mnandri muigjh ahs ngnfbchs irristrig
na nstigjirtn jn Jbhs phr na phavh y pbshtnig na ghfdrn jn
Onsÿs ng na ahjh! Muigjh na aæjnr nspbrbtuia jna pundah jn
Jbhs sn mhgvbnrtn ng tribjhr, ¡ns mhfh sb ahs pbairns jn
ai misi jn Jbhs sn simujbnrig! Miji pbnjri jna njbmbh
sbngtn na bfpimth y na nstrnfnmbfbngth muigjh min ug
9<: Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

aæjnr. ]b ]itigés ahcri `imnr trhpnzir i ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia, ns mhfh vnr minr ug crig
érdha phr na bfpimth jna `im`i. ¸Yuâ ans pisiré i ais ivns qun mhgstruynrhg sus gbjhs
ng sus rifis8 ¸Ijýgjn brég ahs igbfians qun ngmhgtrirhg shfdri jndioh8 Ai mhgkusbýg
chapni na mhrizýg jn fum`hs fbngtris `uyng mhg fbnjh y jnségbfh. Zhjhs ahs qun
kunrhg mhgshaijhs phr ais piaidris jna aæjnr y khrtianmbjhs phr su nonfpah sn aangig jn
`ufbaaimbýg y jhahr.
jhahr. Aahrig ugh mhg htrh. ‑Ns tig trbstn, tig trbstn ng vnrjij‖. Jndbjh i
nsths pnabcrhs y ais crigjns rnsphgsidbabjijns, ais pnrshgis jndng hrir phr sus aæjnrns
nspbrbtuians, isæ mhfh rhcidi \idah? ‑@nrfighs, hrij phr ghshtrhs‖ (9 Zs >?4>). \uns
shaifngtn phr fnjbh jna phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth, punjn ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia pnrfignmnr
rfn ng na ifhr, pnrsnvnrigjh `isti na g y snr siavh. 9>
\ 9<3 ¸Muéa ns ai vnrjij qun ngkitbzi 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?38
Hdsnrvn qun ai prbfnri y ai ÿatbfi aægni jna qubisfh shg
I? Zhjh ah sukrn, pirianais, ngkitbzigjh ugi vnrjij? Na ifhr pnrsnvnri, gh bfphrti
D? Zhjh ah mrnn, ah qun vngci. Jn bcuia fignri, ais jhs aægnis bgtnrfnjbis jna
D9? Zhjh ah nspnri, qubisfh ngkitbzig qun na ifhr shphrti ia mhgir ng Jbhs ng
I9? Zhjh ah shphrti. thjis ais mhsis. Isæ qun, thjis ais muitrh aægnis jna qubisfh
ngkitbzig qun na ifhr shphrti thjis ais mhsis.
mhsis .
Kbcuri =.49 \rbfnri Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3 pirnmn
pirnmn snr ug *qubisfh. 9;
Ng ai vnrsbýg Tnbgi [ianri 92;<, 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3 usi ai piaidri thjhthjh,, jhgjn htris
vnrsbhgns nfpanig jbknrngtns piaidris. Mhfpirir jbknrngtns vnrsbhgns punjn iyujirghs i
mhfprngjnr ug vnrsæmuah. Ai vnrsbýg Dbdabi ai \iaidri (DA\) jbmn qun na ifhr? Jbsmuapi
sbg aæfbtns, mhgkæi sbg aæfbtns, nspnri sbg aæfbtns, shphrti sbg aæfbtns (9 Mh 9=?3 DA\).
Isæ qun, sbg aæfbtns sbcgbmi ng thjh h sbnfprn
sbnfprn.. \rbfnri i ahs Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3 pirnmn snr
ug qubisfh qun ngkitbzi qun na ifhr shphrti thjis ais mhsis. Na ifhr gugmi sn rbgjn,
gugmi sn ifirci y gugmi sn ngkræi. Na ifhr ns rfn, pnrsnvnrigtn i trivâs jn thjh ah
qun vngci.
\ 9<0 ¸Yuâ ns ah • Ai vnrsbýg jn ai Dbdabi Zrijummbýg ng angcuion imtuia nxpabmi na mhgmnpth isæ?
qun mipimbti i ug aæjnr ‑Na qun ifi ns mipiz jn icuigtirah thjh, jn mrnnrah thjh, jn nspnrirah thjh,
i pnrsnvnrir ng fnjbh
jn muiaqubnr rnth h
jn shphrtirah thjh‖ (9 Mh 9=?3 ZAI). Na ifhr shphrti thjis ais mhsis, gugmi
mbrmugstigmbi8 jnoi jn mrnnr ng Jbhs. Muigjh mhfngzifhs na nstujbh jn ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis
jna ifhr, hdsnrvifhs qun ns pimbngtn5 y ai pimbngmbi ns piri mhg ais pnrshgis.
\idah tnrfbgi ai absti jbmbngjh qun na ifhr shphrti5 y ai rnsbstngmbi ns piri ais
mbrmugstigmbis. Na ifhr gugmi sn rbgjn, gb i ahs 9>, gb 4>, gb ;> gb 0>. ]n figtbngn
mhgigjh, hdnjnmbngjh y sbrvbngjh i Jbhs. Ais riæmns jna ifhr sn prhkugjbzig ng
Jbhs (Nk =?9;-92). Nstis riæmns ng na ifhr ghs mipimbtig piri mrnnr y nspnrir ng
thjis ais sbtuimbhgns (9 Mh 9=?3). Ai pimbngmbi y ai pnrsnvnrigmbi shg mhfh jhs
mhrm`ntns qun ngmbnrrig ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.
\ 9<2 ¸Na ifhr mrnn ng • Ng ais aægnis bgtnrfnjbis jna qubisfh D y D9, \idah gh qubnrn jnmbr qun na ifhr
thjis ais mhsis y ng thjis ah mrnn thjh y ans mrnn i thjhs. Na ifhr gh ns thgth, gh mrnn ais fngtbris gb nspnri
ais pnrshgis8 Nxpabqun. ng kiashs finstrhs. \idah imidi jn jnmbr qun na ifhr sn rnchmboi ng ai vnrjij. Ah
\ 99< ¸Yuâ ns ah qun qun \idah qubnrn jnmbr ns qun na ifhr sbnfprn tbngn kn y nspnrigzi ng Jbhs. Ng ai
\idah qubnrn jnmbr mhg ‑Na auz jna sha y ng ai aauvbi, ng ai mhfhjbjij y ng na jhahr, ah qun sni qun vngci, na
ifhr thjh ah mrnn‖8 ifhr sbcun mrnyngjh y nspnrigjh ng Jbhs. Na ifhr shphrti, mrnn, nspnri y rnsbstn
thjis ais mhsis. Na ifhr gugmi krimisi (9 Mh 9=?0).
Nstndig nri ug aæjnr qun imhstufdridi i mhgir ng ais pnrshgis. ^g jæi nsmum`ý ug
fia rufhr imnrmi jn su qunrbjh ifbch na pisthr Zhfés. Nstndig sidæi qun muiaqubnri
punjn kiaair
kiaair,, mhfh Oujis. \nrh âa gu
gugmi
gmi mrnæi imus
imusimbhg
imbhgns
ns shdrn iacu
iacubng
bng sbg bgv
bgvnstbc
nstbcirah.
irah.
\ 999 ¸Mýfh ns qun jir Isæ qun, an jboh ia m`bsfhsh qun âa mhgidi ng na pisthr Zhfés
Zhfés y qun mrnæi ah féxbfh y ah
mhgigzi simi ah fnohr jn fnohr imnrmi jn âa. ]haifngtn na fbsfh pisthr Zhfés phjæi rhfpnr nsi mhgigzi.
ais pnrshgis8 Ngthgmns Nstndig kun bgfnjbitifngtn mhg na pisthr Zhfés y an jboh? ‑R ‑Rhh ah iprnmbh fum`h
y mhgkæh ng ustnj mhfh ifbch y mhfh `hfdrn pbijhsh. Yubnrh prhtncnr su rnputimbýg y
sbnfprn pbngsh ah fnohr jn ustnj. ¸\hjnfhs mhgvnrsir jna fhtbvh phr na qun nsté mbrmuaigjh

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 9<>

nstn rufhr8‖. Na pisthr Zhfés gh tribmbhgý nsi mhgigzi. Âa kun `hgnsth y sbgmnrh mhg
Nstndig. Ougths an nxpusbnrhg ia m`bsfhsh muéans nrig ais fngtbris qun htrhs rnpntæig, y ai
mhgigzi jn Nstndig ng su ifbch Zhfés ah siavý jn fum`h jhahr.
Jbhs tifdbâg sbcun nstn ngkhqun, mhgtrirbh i ai khrfi ng qun na fugjh juji. Jbhs
mhgkæi ng ahs snrns `ufighs. Âa mrnn ng ghshtrhs y ghs ipaiujn. Jbhs an mhgý i
Ghâ ugi tirni qun an thfý fum`hs iùhs. Ghâ nri na ¡y gh tribmbhgý nsi mhgigzi!
(Cg ;?44). Jbhs mhgý ng Idri`if piri qun idigjhgiri su piæs, i sus kifbabirns, su
`hcir, sbg sidnr jýgjn tnrfbgiræi. Idri`if mhgý ng Jbhs ¡y hdnjnmbý! Jbhs mhgkæi
ng sus aæjnrns y sncubjhrns piri nvigcnabzir y `imnr jbsmæpuahs ng thjhs ahs cruphs
âtgbmhs (Ft 40?90-4<). ]b kiaaifhs, su paig piri na fugjh ngtnrh kiaai. Ai ntnrgbjij jn

fbans jn Jbhs
Muigjh fbaahgns jn iafis
ghs mhgkæi ¡jnpngjn jn
na abjnrizch, Âasbmrnn
mufpabfhs ah qun
qun snrnfhs Jbhsyghs
nans `i ngmhfngjijh!
hdnjbngtns. Âa mhgkæi
ng ghshtrhs piri figtngnr su rnputimbýg, piri mhfpirtbr sus dungis gunvis y piri jiran
cahrbi. \hr bgmrnædan qun pirnzmi, ¡Jbhs mrnn ng ghshtrhs! ]nifhs nans y gh jnkriujnfhs
i gunstrh \ijrn mnanstbia. Mhgnfhs ng htrhs, iugqun naahs gh snig pnrknmths. ]bcifhs
mhgigjh y nspnrigjh ah fnohr. ¡Nsh ns ifhr! R i fnjbji qun na ifhr mhgkæi y nspnrinspnri,,
simi ah fnohr jn thjhs ghshtrhs.
Na ifhr thjh ah shphrti (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?3). Na ifhr gugmi jnoi jn snr. Gugmi sn
rbgjn. Na ifhr dædabmh pnrsnvnri y ghs iyuji `isti na gia. Na ifhr mnanstbia ng gunstrh
bgtnrbhr, phr na Nspærbtu ]igth, shphrti sbnfprn ai ijvnrsbjij. ]n nxpigjn ng gunstrh
bgtnrbhr jn fignri qun phjifhs ngkrngtir ais prnsbhgns, ahs rnths y ais ditiaais jn ai
vbji. Mhg na ifhr jn Jbhs qun aangi gunstrh mhrizýg, sncubrnfhs mhgigjh, nspnrigjh
y pnrsnvnrigjh ng Mrbsth, sbg bfphrtir ah qun sn ghs prnsngtn ng na mifbgh.
Tbzpi pnrsnvnrý ng na ifhr piri prhtncnr ai `hgri jn iqunaahs i ahs qun ifidi. Jæi

tris jæi i`uyngtý

mijévnrns ais ivns.
jn ahs `bohs Ghm`n
jn ]iÿa quntris ghm`n
kunrhg nvbtý qun ahs
mrumbmijhs. Naaiigbfians siavions
ns ug nonfpah jnthmirig ahs
ugi fuonr
qun ifý prhkugjifngtn, shphrtigjh na irjbngtn sha, ai aauvbi, ais ghm`ns jn bgshfgbh, na \ 994 ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh
tnrrhr i ais dnstbis y na jhahr qun aangidi su mhrizýg (4 ] 49?9<). Tbzpi ns ugi bgspbrimbýg ns Tbzpi ug nonfpah jn ifhr
piri thjhs ghshtrhs. qun pnrsnvnri8
9
‑@udh `ifdrn ng ahs jæis jn Jivbj phr trns iùhs mhgsnmutbvhs. R Jivbj mhgsuatý
i On`hvé, y On`hvé an jboh? Ns phr miusi jn ]iÿa, y phr iqunaai misi jn sigcrn,
phr muigth fitý i ahs cidihgbtis. 4 Ngthgmns na rny aaifý i ahs cidihgbtis, y
ans `idaý. (Ahs cidihgbtis gh nrig jn ahs `bohs jn Bsrina, sbgh jna rnsth jn ahs
ifhrrnhs, i ahs muians ahs `bohs jn Bsrina `idæig `nm`h ourifngth5 pnrh ]iÿa
`idæi prhmurijh fitirahs ng su mnah phr ahs `bohs jn Bsrina y jn Oujé). = Jboh,
puns, Jivbj i ahs cidihgbtis? ¸Yuâ `irâ phr vh
vhshtrhs
shtrhs,, h quâ ssitbskimmbýg
itbskimmbýg hs jirâ,
piri qun dngjbcébs ai `nr
`nrnjij
njij jn On`hvé8 R ahs cidihgbtis an rnsphgjbnrhg? Gh
:

tngnfhs ghshtrhs qunrnaai shdrn paiti gb shdrn hrh mhg ]iÿa y mhg su misi5 gb
qunrnfhs qun funri `hfdrn jn Bsrina. R âa ans jboh? Ah qun vhshtrhs jbonrnbs,
`irâ. > Naahs rnsphg
rnsphgjbnrhg
jbnrhg ia rny? Jn iquna `hfdrn qun ghs jnstruyý, y qun
fiqubgý mhgtri ghshtrhs piri nxtnrfbgirghs sbg jnoir giji jn ghshtrhs ng
thjh na tnrrbthrbh jn Bsrina, ; jâgsnghs sbntn virhgns jn sus `bohs, piri qun ahs
i`hrqunfhs
i`hrq unfhs jnaigtn jn On`hvé ng Cidii jn ]iÿa, na nsmhcbjh jn On`hvé. R na rny
jboh? Rh ahs jirâ. 3 R pnrjhgý na rny i Fn-dhsnt `boh jn Ohgitég, `boh jn ]iÿa, phr
na ourifngth jn On`hvé qun `udh ngtrn naahs, ngtrn Jivbj y Ohgitég `boh jn ]iÿa.
0 \nrh thfý
na rny i jhs `bohs jn Tbzpi `boi jn Ioi, ahs muians naai `idæi tngbjh
tngbjh jn
]iÿa, Irfhgb y Fn-dhsnt, y i mbgmh `bohs jn Fbmia `boi jn ]iÿa, ahs muians naai
`idæi tngbjh jn Ijrbna `boh jn Dirzbaib fn`haitbti, 2 y ahs ngtrncý ng fighs jn ahs
cidihgbtis, y naahs ahs i`hrmirhg
i`hrmirhg ng na fhgtn jnaig
jnaigtntn jn On`hvé5 y isæ furbnrhg
ougths iqunaahs sbntn,
sbntn, ahs muians kunr
kunrhg
hg funrths ng ahs prbfnr
prbfnrhs
hs jæis jn ai sbnci,
ia mhfngzir ai sbnci jn ai mndiji.

9<; Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

9<
Ngthgmns Tbzpi `boi jn Ioi thfý ugi tnai jn mbabmbh y ai tngjbý piri sæ shdrn
na pnùismh, jnsjn na prbgmbpbh jn ai sbnci `isti qun aahvbý shdrn naahs icui jna
mbnah5 y gh jnoý qun gbgcugi ivn jna mbnah sn phsisn shdrn naahs jn jæi, gb nris
jna mifph jn ghm`n.
R kun jbm`h i Jivbj ah qun `imæi Tbzpi `boi jn Ioi, mhgmudbgi jn ]iÿa.
99

Ngthgmns Jivbj kun y thfý ahs `unshs jn ]iÿa y ahs `unshs jn Ohgitég su `boh,
94

jn ahs `hfdrns jn Oidns jn Ciaiij, qun ahs `idæig `urtijh jn ai paizi jn Dnt-
 ség, jhgjn
jhgjn ahs `idæig mhacijh ahs abstnhs,
abstnhs, muigjh
muigjh ahs abstnhs fitirhg
fitirhg i ]iÿa ng
Cbadhi5 9= n `bzh aanvir jn iaaæ ahs `unshs jn ]iÿa y ahs `unshs jn Ohgitég su `boh5
y rnmhcbnrhg tifdbâg ahs `unshs jn ahs i`hrmij
i`hrmijhs.
hs. 9: R snpuatirhg ahs `unshs jn
]iÿa y ahs jn su `boh Ohgitég ng tbnrri jn Dngoifæg, ng _nai, ng na snpuamrh jn Mbs
su pijrn5 n `bmbnrhg thjh ah qun na rny `idæi figjijh. R Jbhs kun prhpbmbh i ai
tbnrri jnspuâs jn nsth‖ (4 ] 49?9-9:).
49?9-9:).
Na ifhr ns phjnrhsh y rfn. ]hphrti thjis ais mhsis. ]bcun mrnyngjh y nspnrigjh,
sbg bfphrtir quâ. Na ifhr pnrfignmn rfn muigjh thjh ah jnfés jn jnrrufdi. Na ifhr
gugmi sn rbgjn.
\ 99= ¸Muéans shg
• Na ifhr j jnn Jbhs pnrfignmn iamigzigjh i ai `ufigbjij
`ufigbjij i ah airch jn ai `bsthrbi.
`bsthrbi.
iacughs nonfpahs jna ifhr Ai fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis rnm`izig i Jbhs y nsmhcng na mifbgh igm`h `imbi ai
qun pnrsnvnri8 jnstrummbýg. Iug
Iug isæ, Jbhs pnrsnvnri ng ifhr y siavi i ahs qun ah nsmhcng i Âa.
• Na ifhr jn Onsÿs ah aanvý i sukrbr ai mruz y i mhgir ng Jbhs `isti na gia. Âa
ngmhfngjý su nspærbtu ia \ijrn muigjh ichgbzidi.
• Na ifhr jn Nstndig an jbh ai khrtianzi piri rnsbstbr fbngtris nri ipnjrnijh y piri
pnrjhgir i ahs qun ah isnsbgirhg.
isnsbgirhg.
• Na ifhr jn \idah ah mipimbtý piri prnjbmir na nvigcnabh y pnrsnvnrir i trivâs
jn thji ugi vbji jn prundis y jn prhdanfis. Ng 4 Mhrbgtbhs 99?9;”94?9< sn
ngufnrig iacughs jn ahs viaans y ais fhgtiùis qun \idah pujh shphrtir phrqun
na ifhr ah mipimbtý.
Muigjh na ifhr sn ngkræi, ais pnrshgis rngugmbig y idigjhgig ai kn (Ft 4:?94).
\nrh muigjh na ifhr pnrfignmn, mhgtbguifhs mrnyngjh y pnrsnvnrigjh `isti na gia.
Isæ qun, mhfh jbobfhs ia bgbmbh jn nsti ugbjij, gunstri fiyhr gnmnsbjij ns na ifhr. Ns
ai maivn piri sncubr i Onsÿs jnsjn ai tbnrri `isti na mbnah. Na ifhr ns nsngmbia piri thjh
aæjnr nspbrbtuia.
\ 99: Ani 9 Mhrbgtbhs Ipabmimbýg? Ani 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3 y nsmrbdi su ghfdrn mhfh sustbtuth jn ai piaidri
9=?:-3 y nsmrbdi su ghfdrn ifhr. @ici nsth i`hri y pæjian ia ]nùhr qun an iyujn i phgnr ng prémtbmi na ifhr ng su
ng ahs nspimbhs ng daigmh qun
ngmhgtriré fés ijnaigtn.
vbji. Ai prundi jna ifhr gh ns shaifngtn fnfhrbzir y mhfprngjnr 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3,
sbgh vbvbrah tifdbâg.
:
‑ ns sukrbjh, ns dngbcgh5 gh tbngn ngvbjbi,
gh ns oimtigmbhsh, gh sn ngvignmn5 gh `imn giji bgjndbjh, gh dusmi ah suyh, gh
>

sn brrbti,
brrbti, gh cuirji rngmhr5 ; gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi, fis sn chzi jn ai vnrjij.
3
thjh ah sukrn, thjh ah mrnn, thjh ah nspnri, thjh ah shphrti‖ (9 Mh 9=?:-3).
9=?:-3).
\ 99> ¸Nxbstng iacugis Nsmrbdi muiaqubnr érni jn su vbji qun gnmnsbti snr trigskhrfiji phr na ifhr jn Jbhs.
érnis ng su vbji ng ais qun \æjian i Jbhs qun mifdbn su mhrizýg y ah aangn mhg thjis ais mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr. Hrn
an kiati ifhr8 ]b ns isæ, `ici
ugi piusi piri hrir phr
i`hri fbsfh. \hr kivhr bgmabgn su midnzi y pæjian i Jbhs qun ngvæn su ]igth Nspærbtu,
nstis érnis. na fnohr Mhgshaijhr y Ifbch, i fhstriran, ngsnùiran y cubirah i ifir mhfh Onsÿs ifý.
^g pisthr imididi jn prnjbmir shdrn ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.
\hstnrbhrfngtn, jurigtn ai snfigi, isbstbý i ugi knrbi jhgjn fbans jn pnrshgis sn
rnugbnrhg piri vnr irtnsigæis. Mngtngirns jn irtnsighs `idæig iaqubaijh misntis piri
nx`bdbr ahs irtæmuahs qun naahs `idæig mhmbgijh, mhsbjh, pbgtijh h kidrbmijh. Ahs
vbsbtigtns mifbgidig fuy iprntuoijhs. @idæi qun mruzir ug pungtn yi qun ug irrhyh
jbvbjæi ais misntis. Iacugis jn nstis sn ngmhgtridig ng ug aijh jna irrhyh, pnrh

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 9<3

fum`is nstidig ng ai hrbaai hpunsti. Ahs iuthfývbans tifdbâg trigsbtidig shdrn na

pungtn. Ngthgmns iacubng jntngæi ahs mirrhs piri qun ais fuatbtujns jn pnrshgis
mruzirig na pungtn. Ng na fhfngth ng qun na pisthr bdi i mruzir na pungtn, na ngmircijh
sn pirý ngkrngtn jn âa y an jboh? ‑Ah sbngth, snùhr, pnrh tngjré qun nspnrir mbgmh
fbguths. Ns na turgh piri qun ahs iuthfývbans mrumng‖. Ia vnr i ais pnrshgis jnaigtn
jn âa ivigzigjh, na pisthr prncugtý? ‑¸\hjræifhs fb nsphsi y yh iprnsurirghs piri
iamigzir i nsis pnrshgis qun yi nstég mruzigjh na pungtn8‖. \nrh na `hfdrn i mirch
jboh? ‑Gh. ]b yh an pnrfbth pisir, `idré fum`hs jntrés jn ustnj qun qunrrég ivigzir
tifdbâg. Rh tngch qun trizir ai aægni ng iacÿg aucir y ai nsthy bgbmbigjh mhg ustnj.
Zngjré qun nspnrir shaifngtn mbgmh fbguths‖. Na pisthr jbh fnjbi vunati, qunoégjhsn
piri sus ijngtrhs? ‑¸\hr quâ tuvn
tuvn qun snr yh i qubng âa nsmhcbý piri
piri nspnrir8‖. Jbnz
fbguths jnspuâs, na pisthr y su nsphsi kunrhg ahs prbfnrhs ng abjnrir i ugi fuatbtuj
qun mruzidi na pungtn.
 ^g jæi jnspuâs ia rnmhrjir na bgmbjngtn, na pisthr sn jbh mungti jn qun su imtbtuj
jndbý `idnr sbjh? ‑Iacubng tngjræi qun snr ai pnrshgi i ai qun jntuvbnrig ousth igtns
jn mruzir na pungtn. ¸\hr quâ GH i fæ8 ¸\hr quâ gh phjæi snr yh ai pnrshgi qun
gnmnsbtidi snr pimbngtn8‖. Ngthgmns na pisthr mhfprngjbý qun gh `idæi pisijh ai
prundi jn ifhr ng sbntn jn ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis. Na ifhr ns pimbngtn, na ifhr ns
dngbcgh, na ifhr gh ns oimtigmbhsh, na ifhr gh sn mhfphrti mhg rujnzi, na ifhr gh
dusmi ah suyh, na ifhr
ifhr gh sn brrbti, na ifhr gh cuirji rngmhr
rngmhr,, sbgh qun pnrjhgi. ¡I
¡Iy!
y!
Na pisthr sn jbh mungti jn qun ns fés kémba nsmrbdbr imnrmi jna ifhr, fnfhrbzir ahs
vnrsæmuahs imnrmi jna ifhr y prnjbmir jna ifhr, qun rniafngtn phgnrah ng prémtbmi.
]n jbsnùý ug dnaah crémh piri qun rnmhrjnfhs ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.
^dbmifhs nstn crémh ng ai mhgtriphrtiji jn gunstrh abdrh jn Abjnrizch. @ici ugi
mhpbi jn nstn. \æjian i ug irtbsti qun ah jbduon piri ustnj. @ici qun ugi pnrshgi
mrnitbvi an mhgknmmbhgn ugi vnrsbýg nspnmbia jn nstn crémh jna ifhr, mhfh ug muijrh,
ug pngjbngtn h ug driziantn. \ægtnah ng su tizi kivhrbti. Bfpræfiah ng miamhfigæis
qun punji ij`nrbr ng mirtis h abdrhs. Mhaýqunah ng ug aucir jhgjn ah vni i fngujh.
Mhfbngmn y tnrfbgn miji jæi hrigjh piri qun na ]nùhr an iyujn i abjnrir ng ifhr.
Nviaÿnsn miji jæi piri vnr sb ustnj nsté vbvbngjh ugi vbji jn ifhr. Yun na ]nùhr ghs
iyujn i thjhs i snr fés mhfh gunstrh \ijrn y mhfh gunstrh ]iavijhr ia fhstriran ia
fugjh qun shfhs rniafngtn `bohs jn Jbhs.
\ 99; Mhfpantn ai curi =.44 shdrn ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.
, , ‖( )
, ‖
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
, ‖
‖
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
O I
B D
‖ ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr... ‖
@C JM
K N
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
,
‖ ‖

‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

‖ ‖

Kbcuri =.44 \rimtbqun bjngtbmigjh ais jbnz mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr sncÿg 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=.

9<0 Mipætuah = Abjnrizch 9

Iuthnviauimbýg? Jbduon ug mærmuah iarnjnjhr jn ai antri qun mhfpantn fnohr miji prncugti
h jnmairimbýg?
9. ^g nonfpah jn ug aæjnr nchæsti ns ;. ¸Muéa snræi ug dung paig piri ug aæjnr8
i) Ijég. i) I qubng an mibci na cuigtn qun sn ah phgci.
d) ]igsýg. d) Hkrnmnr ug déasifh ng vnz jn ug sngtbjh jn
m) Ohsikit. muapidbabjij.
j) Iirýg. m) @idair ng vhz dioi, pnrh aanvir ug crig cirrhtn.
4. ¸Muéa kun na aæjnr hdstimuabzijh phr ai bri8 j) Mhgkbir ng thjh na fugjh.
i) Fhbsâs 3. ¸Muéa ns ai imtbtuj jna ifhr ng muigth i ai fiajij8
d) ]iahfýg i) Na ifhr nvbti ai fiajij.
m) \baith d) Na ifhr mhfprngjn ai fiajij.
j) \njrh m) Na ifhr thanri ai fiajij.
=. ¸Yuâ jbrnmmbýg jndn thfir ug aæjnr muigjh aanci j) Na ifhr idhrrnmn ai fiajij.

ai bri8 0. ¸Muéa ns ai maivn jn ai nxiatimbýg jn Mrbsth8

i) Ianoirsn, idigjhgigjh ai `idbtimbýg. (@nd 9?2)
d) Bgtnrbhrbzir ai bri, pngsigjh ng htri mhsi. i) ]u ifhr phr na mhghmbfbngth
m) Jbrbcbrai `imbi ikunri, mhgtri htrhs. d) ]u imtbtuj `imbi ai fiajij
j) Ngkrngtir ai miusi jn ai bri. m) ]u vbji sbg pnmijh
:. ^gi jn ais shaumbhgns qun fngmbhgifhs piri ai j) ]u giturianzi jbvbgi
bri ns 2. ¸Muéa ns na jnsikæh qun jndn vngmnr ug aæjnr8
i) mhgtir angtifngtn `isti mbng. i) Mhghmbfbngth jna fugjh
d) fhrjnrsn ahs aidbhs h ai angcui. d) Tnvnaimbhgns snmrntis
m) hrir piri snr aanghs jna ifhr jn Jbhs. m) Znfphriji jn `iaichs
j) phsphgnr ai bri `isti qun sn phgci na sha. j) ^gi fuatbtuj jn mhgsnonrhs
>. ¸]hdrn quâ disn ghs nxbcn Jbhs qun pnrjhgnfhs 9<. ¸Muéa ns ugi maivn piri pnrsnvnrir ng thjis
i htrhs8 ais mhsis8
i) ]u oubmbh i) Aahrir mhg ah qun aahrig.
d) ]u bgtncrbjij d) Jir y sn an jiré.
m) ]u iuthrbjij m) Iprhvnm`ir miji hphrtugbjij.
j) ]u pnrjýg j) Dndnr jn ai kungtn jn icui vbvi mhg krnmungmbi.

Na mirémtnr jna aæjnr? Abjnrir mhg ifhr jnsjn na mhrizýg. \irtn 4 9<2

Znfis piri na ngsiyh? Nsmrbdi jn >< i 9<< piaidris shdrn miji ugh jn ahs hgmn hdontbvhs
qun nstujbý ng nstn mipætuah. (2 pugths phr miji ugh fés ug pugth critbs).
• Mhgtristir i ahs aæjnrns nchæstis mhg ahs qun primtbmig na ifhr i htrhs. Baustrn.
• Iuthnviauirsn. @imnr ug mhfprhfbsh y ug paig piri supnrir sus érnis jn bgfijurnz.
• Tnsufbr phr quâ ug aæjnr jndn snr tirjh piri nghoirsn.
• Nxpabmir ahs muitrh mifbghs qun phjræi thfir ugi pnrshgi nghoiji.
• Igiabzir ais khrfis ng qun ug aæjnr punjn vngmnr ai bri.
• Tnsufbr iacughs nonfpahs dædabmhs qun ngkitbzig na ifhr y na pnrjýg jn Jbhs.
• Nxpabmir iacugis rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæjnr jndn hkrnmnr déasifh ng aucir jn sngtbjh jn muapidbabjij.
• Mhgtristir ai imtbtuj jna ifhr `imbi ai fiajij mhg na ifhr `imbi ai vnrjij n baustrirai.
• Tnsufbr ahs rnsuatijhs jn hjbir ah bgmhrrnmth y ifir ah mhrrnmth.
• Tnsufbr ahs jbnz jnsikæhs qun ngkrngtig ahs aæjnrns.
• Nxpabmir mýfh ahs aæjnrns punjng vbvbr aanghs jna ifhr jn Jbhs piri phjnr shphrtir thjis ais mhsis.
Mipætuah :?

Ai khrfimbýg
mýfh nspbrbtuia
sn jnsirrhaai jna aæjnr?ug mirémtnr pbijhsh
ng ghshtrhs
\9 ¸\hr quâ shg tig vbtians ng ai shmbnjij ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians8

Mhfngzifhs nstn mursh nstujbigjh ai gnmnsbjij jn aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. Na jnstbgh jn ai `ufigbjij jnpngjn
jn ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. I ah airch jn Ifhr (9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=)
ai `bsthrbi jna paignti tbnrri, jhgjn `ig thjh ah sukrn, thjh ah mrnn,
nxbstbjh aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, iacugis thjh ah nspnri, thjh ah shphrti‖ ns sukrbjh‖ (pimbngtn)
‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
pnrshgis nsmhcng sncubrahs. \nrh muigjh
ns dngbcgh‖
ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians shg phmhs, ais fisis gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi,
fis sn chzi jn ai vnrjij‖
jn ai shmbnjij sn jnsabzig `imbi ais tbgbndais ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
ntnrgis. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, na iafi jn fum`is
pnrshgis
pnrsh gis jnpngjn
jnpngjn jn su fbgbstnrbh.
fbgbstnrbh. gh cuirji rngmhr‖ ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr... gh tbngn ngvbjbi‖
\4 ¸Yuâ mhfpiùnrh vbioi sbnfprn mhg

na ifhr8 ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...

Ng ais anmmbhgns 4”>, `bmbfhs âgkisbs gh sn brrbti‖
gh ns oimtigmbhsh
oimtigmbhsh,,
gh sn ngvignmn‖
ng na mhrizýg jna aæjnr. ^g aæjnr nspbrbtuia
jndn tngnr ug mhrizýg aangh jna ifhr qun sn ‑Na ifhr... ‑Na ifhr...
gh dusmi ah suyh‖ gh sn mhfphrti
figbnsti phr fnjbh jn ai hdnjbngmbi. Onsÿs mhg rujnzi‖
ghs ngsnùý qun jhgjnqubnri qun `iy ifhr
i Jbhs, `iy hdnjbngmbi i sus figjifbngths.
\= ¸Nsté ustnj mrnmbngjh ng ifhr fbngtris nstujbi Abjnrizch 98 Nxpabqun.

Ng ais anmmbhgns ;”9:, nxpahrifhs ugi snmmbýg jna mipætuah dædabmh fés kifhsh imnrmi jna ifhr
(9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=). Nxbstng gufnrhshs abdrhs shdrn abjnrizch. \nrh i fnjbji qun phgci ng prémtbmi ais jbnz
mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr qun `nfhs nstujbijh, Jbhs sn jnanbtiré mhg su mhrizýg. Fbngtris ustnj vbvi na ifhr,
ahs ræhs jn icui vbvi qun Jbhs prhfntbý ubrég phr fnjbh jn su vbji `imbi htrhs. Ai gnmnsbjij fés crigjn jn
 ug aæjnr gh ns annr fés abdrhs, iugqun iacughs abdrhs shg ÿtbans. Ai gnmnsbjij fés crigjn jn ug aæjnr ns vbvbr na
ifhr qun Jbhs jnsmrbdn ng 9 Mhrbgtbhs 9=?:-3. Gunstrh aaifijh ns ifir i Jbhs y i ahs jnfés. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia,
`hgrn i Jbhs mhg su ifhr y su hdnjbngmbi y Âa ah `hgriré i ustnj (9 ] 4?=<).
\: Na fnohr jn ahs aæjnrns i ahs 4< iùhs, ¸jndnræi snr iÿg fnohr ia mufpabr =<, :< y ><8 Nxpabqun.
Iquæ ng na mipætuah :, ngkitbzifhs na pipna jn ais
jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians ng ai khrfimbýg jna mhrizýg
M jna aæjnr.
b
n Nstujbirnfhs muitrh anmmbhgns5 muitrh maivns piri
a na jnsirrhaah jna mhrizýg y jna mirémtnr jna aæjnr. I
h
ai njij jn jhmn iùhs, Onsÿs nri ug gbùh pnrknmth. Iug
isæ, ia pisir ahs iùhs, ‑Onsÿs mrnmæi ng sidbjuræi y ng
Cahrbmimbýg
nstituri, y ng crimbi piri mhg Jbhs y ahs `hfdrns‖
(Am 4?>4). Jna fbsfh fhjh, mhfh ah baustri ai curi
býg
mim :.4, na paig jn Jbhs ns qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians y sus
tb k
g
]i sncubjhrns ‑mrnzmig i ai snfnoigzi jn Mrbsth, jnsjn su
B
rncngnrimbýg `isti su cahrbmimbýg‖ . Isæ qun, ng nstn
gk mipætuah, ghs ngkhmirnfhs ng iacugis jn ais fignris
b Tncngnrimbýg
n y oustbmimbýg
r
g
h

99<

ng qun ahs dunghs aæjnrns sn vunavng fés y fés mhfh Mrbsth. Na paig jn Jbhs ns
trigskhrfirah i ustnj i ai snfnoigzi jn Mrbsth, jnsjn ug gbvna jn cahrbi `isti na
sbcubngtn, i trivâs jn thjh su fbgbstnrbh (4 Mh =?90).

Anmmbhgns
@ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi (Fitnh >?;).
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais maisns jn oustbmbi qun Jbhs ig`nai qun jnsnnfhs, piri qun punji mufpabrais
9; ng ghshtrhs.
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir ai pirijhoi hrthjhxi jn Fitnh >?;.
Hdontbvh M? Igiabzir ai rnaimbýg
rnaimbýg ngtrn na jndnr y ai jnvhmbýg jn ug aæjnr n baustrirai.
Na pngsifbngth nspbrbtuia.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais trns rizhgns phr ais muians ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun ai
93 fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis pbngsig n baustrir nsis rizhgns.
Hdontbvh D? Nstidanmnr ahs mbgmh prbgmbpbhs piri vngmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths n baustrir ahs prbgmbpbhs.
Hdontbvh M? Mhgtristir ahs jhs mifbghs y ahs jnstbghs qun miji pnrshgi ngkrngti ng muigth i
sus pngsifbngths.
Nstujbh, fnjbtimbýg, njumimbýg mhgtbgui, prnjbmimbýg, ngsnùigzi
y ngtrngifbngth.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ai jhdan nstritncbi jn ug aæjnr piri sitbskimnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn iqunaahs i ahs
90 qun abjnri.
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir mýfh punjn ug aæjnr utbabzir ahs abdrhs jn Kn y Immbýg piri gutrbr y nqubpir ia pundah
jn Jbhs.
Zridioh, nonrmbmbh, jbnti, rnphsh y rnmrnimbýg.
Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun Jbhs qubnrn qun snifhs hdrnrhs nans.
92 Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ai bfphrtigmbi jna nonrmbmbh y ai jbnti ng ai vbji jn ug aæjnr.
Hdontbvh M? Bjngtbmir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun ahs aæjnrns jndng cuirjir na jæi jn rnphsh n baustrirais.

\iaidris maivn
oustbmbi? rnaimbhgns oustis mhg Jbhs y mhg ais pnrshgis.
rizhgifbngth nspbrbtuia? ai jbsmbpabgi jn pnrfbtbr qun na Nspærbtu ]igth cuæn gunstrhs pngsifbngths.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg 9>? Zhfn jbnz fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns
ng pirnois mhfpirtig na ugh mhg na htrh na tnstbfhgbh imnrmi jn shphrtirah thjh qun
pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi jnspuâs
jnspuâs jn nstujbir ai anmmbýg 9>.
\> Mhfpantn ai Kbcuri :.= igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug ifbch y qun miji ugh
thfn jhs fbguths piri mhfpirtbr sus `bsthrbis imnrmi jn shphrtirah thjh.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna ifhr qun thjh ah shphrti
(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn shphrtirah thjh

Kbcuri :.= \rimtbmir ais khrfis

khrfis jn shphrtirah thjh ng ai vvbji
bji (jhs fbguths).
99
999
9

994 Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

\; ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn shphrtirah thjh piri thji ai maisn
\3 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri :.: Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn ais jhs fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn abjnrir phr fnjbh jna ifhr mhg âgkisbs ng shphrtirah thjh.

@ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi (Fitnh >?;).

Anmmbýg
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais maisns jn oustbmbi qun Jbhs ig`nai qun jnsnnfhs, piri qun punji mufpabrais
9; ng ghshtrhs.
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir ai pirijhoi hrthjhxi jn Fitnh >?;.
Hdontbvh M? Igiabzir ai rnaimbýg
rnaimbýg ngtrn na jndnr y ai
ai jnvhmbýg jn ug aæjnr n baustrirai.

\2 Mhfpantn ai curi :.> rnsufbngjh ahs vnrsæmuahs qun ngsnùig qun jndnfhs snr fés y
fés mhfh Onsumrbsth i ah airch jn gunstrhs iùhs ng ai tbnrri.

Znxths ]us rnsÿfngns

Th 0?42
4 Mh =?90
4 Mh >?2
Nk :?4:
Mha 4?9<
4 \ 9?>-0
Kbcuri :.> \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ahs vnrsæmuahs shdrn aancir i snr fés mhfh Onsÿs,
jnsjn ai rncngnrimbýg `isti ai cahrbmimbýg.
I. Na `ifdrn y ai snj jn ug aæjnr phr ai oustbmbi jndnrjndnræi
æi snr trbpan.
\ 9< ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh Ai anmmbýg 9; sn disi ng? ‑Dbngivngturijhs ahs qun tbngng `ifdrn y snj jn
Fitnh >?; ns mhfh ai oustbmbi, phrqun naahs snrég simbijhs‖ (Ft >?;). Nsti dbngivngturigzi ns mhfh ai
nstrnaai phair8
nstrnaai phair. Ahs aæjnrns qun mifbgig dioh su auz sbnfprn vbioirég ng ai jbrnmmbýg

\ 99 ¸Yuâ ns ai oustbmbi
mhrrnmti. Onsÿs ngsnùý?
Ahs nrujbths punjng jnditbr imnrmi jna tbph jn oustbmbi ia qun sn rnrbý Onsÿs ng
bfputiji8 Fitnh >?;. Iacughs nrujbths jbmng qun Onsÿs sn rnknræi i ai oustbmbi bfputiji
bfputiji,, ai phsbmbýg
mhrrnmti qun Jbhs ghs imrnjbti muigjh phgnfhs gunstri kn ng Mrbsth. \idah nsmrbdn
imnrmi jn nsti oustbmbi h oustbmimbýg qun gh sn cigi. Ai *oustbmbi bfputiji
bfputiji ns ug mrâjbth
qun Jbhs ghs ji. Muigjh mrnnfhs ng Onsÿs y ah rnmbdbfhs i Âa mhfh ]iavijhr y ]nùhr,
gunstrh \ijrn mnanstbia ghs imrnjbti ai oustbmbi jn Mrbsth. Mhfh jbmn \idah, nstifhs
 rnvnstbjhs jn ugi oustbmbi qun gh ns gunstri (Kba =?2). Mhfh mrnyngtns, usifhs na figth
jn gunstrh Tny. \idah ngkitbzi ai oustbmbi bfputiji ng Thfighs :?
:
‑\nrh ia qun hdri, gh sn an mungti na siairbh mhfh crimbi, sbgh mhfh jnuji5
>fis ia qun gh hdri, sbgh mrnn ng iquna qun oustbmi ia bfpæh, su kn an ns mhgtiji
phr oustbmbi. ; Mhfh tifdbâg Jivbj `idai jn ai dbngivngturigzi jna `hfdrn i
qubng Jbhs itrbduyn oustbmbi sbg hdris, 3 jbmbngjh? Dbngivngturijhs iqunaahs muyis
bgbqubjijns shg pnrjhgijis,
pnrjhgijis, R muyhs pnmijhs shg mudbnrths. 0 Dbngivngturijh na
virýg i qubng na ]nùhr gh bgmuapi jn pnmijh‖ (Th :?:-0).
:?:-0).
\ 94 ¸Yuâ ns ai oustbmbi Htrhs nrujbths jbmng qun Fitnh >?; sn rnnrn i ai * oustbmbi bfpirtbji,
bfpirtbji, ai giturianzi
bfpirtbji8 jn Jbhs jn ai qun mhfngzifhs i pirtbmbpir ng ai rncngnrimbýg y ng ai qun mhgtbguifhs
pirtbmbpigjh y mrnmbngjh ng na prhmnsh jn sigtbmimbýg sbngjh trigskhrfijhs i ai

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 99=

snfnoigzi jn Mrbsth (Th 0?425 4 Mh =?905 Nk :?4:5 Mha 4?9<5 vni ai curi :.>, ng ai
pécbgi igtnrbhr). Ai oustbmbi qun JJbhs
bhs ghs bfpu
bfputi
ti ng ai oustbmimbýg Âa ghs ai bfpirtn ng
ai rncngnrimbýg y ng na prhmnsh jn sigtbmimbýg.
¸Yuâ maisn jn oustbmbi ngkitbzi Onsÿs ng Fitnh >?;8 Zigth ai bfputiji mhfh ai \ 9= ¸Yuâ maisns jn
oustbmbi mrnn ustnj qun sn
bfpirtbji y ¡thji maisn jn oustbmbi ng ai qun phjifhs pngsir! ¸\hr quâ njbtir na tnxth qun
mhgtnfpaig Fitnh >?;8
rnmbdbfhs jn Jbhs8 Gh ghs mhrrnsphgjn iùijbr ug ijontbvh, mhfh bfputijh h bfpirtbjh,
jnaigtn jna vnrsæmuah qun Jbhs ghs `i jijh ng Fitnh >?;. ]ncurifngtn, Jbhs jnsni
qun tngcifhs `ifdrn y snj jn thjis ais khrfis jn oustbmbi. Âa dngjbmn i iqunaahs qun
ig`naig ai rnaimbýg mhrrnmti mhg Âa, mhg ahs mrnyngtns y mhg ahs pnmijhrns. Ijnfés, Jbhs
dngjbmn i ahs qun jnsnig vnr ai oustbmbi ng thjhs ahs éfdbths? ai oustbmbi rnbgigjh ng na
`hcir, ng ai nsmunai y ng thji ai shmbnjij. Dbngivngturijhs shg iqunaahs muyi fbsbýg
ng ai vbji ns vnr qun ai oustbmbi qun jnsmudrng sn nxtbngji i htrhs, piri qun punjig
jbskrutirai. Dbngivngturijhs shg ahs qun jnsnig vnr na pnmijh, ai fiajij y thjhs ahs
ngnfbchs jn Jbhs mhgjngijhs ia khsh, piri qun ai oustbmbi aangn ai tbnrri y ahs mbnahs.
Dbngivngturijhs shg ahs qun tbngng `ifdrn y snj jn ai hrimbýg? ‑[ ‑[ngci
ngci tu rnbgh. @écisn
@ écisn
tu vhaugtij, mhfh ng na mbnah, isæ tifdbâg ng ai tbnrri‖ (Ft ;?9<). Yun ai oustbmbi trbugkn
shdrn ai fiajij y qun rnbgn sbg hphsbmbýg y sbg bfpnjbfngths. Yun tu oustbmbi aangn
gunstrh mhrizýg y ai tbnrri‖.
D. Na `ifdrn y ai snj jn oustbmbi jn ug aæjnr jndng snr kunrtns
y mhgtbguhs.
Gunstrh ]nùhr kun na finstrh phr nxmna
nxmnangmbi.
ngmbi. An custidi baustrir ais ccrigjns
rigjns vn
vnrjijns
rjijns \ 9: ¸\hr quâ Onsÿs
jn ai vbji mhg mhsis qun mhghmnfhs y rnmhrjifhs. Ng Fitnh >?;, Onsÿs jnsmrbdn na baustrý na `ifdrn y ai snj mhg
na jnsnh jn oustbmbi8
jnsnh fés bfphrtigtn jn ai vbji ng jhs khrfis? `ifdrn y snj. Onsÿs usi ahs jnsnhs fés
vbtians jna munrph piri ngkitbzir na ig`nah jna mhrizýg phr ai oustbmbi. Muiaqubnri qun \ 9> ¸Ng quâ sn
rniafngtn `iyi tngbjh `ifdrn h snj sidn muég kunrtn ns miji ugh jn nsths jnsnhs. Iug jbknrngmbig ahs mrnyngtns jn
isæ, Onsÿs ahs ugn mhfh ugi jnsmrbpmbýg jhdan jna jnsnh jn ug mhrizýg qun ig`nai i Aihjbmni jn ahs qun Onsÿs
dngjbmn ng Fitnh >?;8
Jbhs. Dbngivngturijhs ahs qu qunn ig`naig ai oustbmbi tigth, qun ugi shai piaidri gh ai punjn
jnsmrbdbr.. Fés dbng, jndnfhs ugbr ai kunrzi jna `ifdrn mhg ai snj piri baustrir na jnsnh jn
jnsmrbdbr
oustbmbi jn nstis pnrshgis.9 Mhgsbjnrn na mhgtristn ngtrn ahs mrnyngtns iuthmhfpaimbngtns
y tbdbhs jn Aihjbmni mhg ahs mrnyngtns qun tbngng `ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi (Ip =?9:-44).
¸Jn quâ fignri aanciré i snr na mirémtnr jn ug aæjnr mhfh hrh purh rngijh phr na \ 9; ¸Mýfh jndnræig
kunch8 ^g hdontbvh tig nanvijh gh ns phsbdan qun sn ahcrn jn ug fhfngth i htrh. Ng snr gunstrhs jnsnhs jn
oustbmbi mhfh
mhfh gunstrhs
Fitnh >?;, Onsÿs ngsnùi imnrmi jn ug ig`nah jn oustbmbi qun ghs cuæi phr thji ai vbji . jnsnhs jn iabfngth y icui8
Na `ifdrn phr ai mhfbji y ai snj jn icui shg jnsnhs mhgstigtns. Nsths jhs jnsnhs gh
sbnfprn supabmig mhg ai fbsfi bgtngsbjij. @iy gbvnans jn `ifdrn y snj. ]b na `ifdrn gh
sn sitbskimn, punjn `imnrsn tig kunrtn mhfh piri jnrrbdir ugi pirnj jn pbnjri. ]b ai snj
gh sn simbi, punjn rnmhrrnr fum`hs ebaýfntrhs piri mhgsncubr na icui qun gnmnsbtifhs
piri vbvbr. Ng htris hmisbhgns,
hmisbhgns, na `ifdrn y ai snj sn figbnstig mhfh jnsnhs fnghrns.
99: Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

Iug isæ, yi sni qun na `ifdrn y ai snj susurrng h crbtng, nsths jnsnhs shg mhgstigtns.
Nsths jnsnhs kæsbmhs nstirég mhg ghshtrhs miji jæi fbngtris rnspbrnfhs. Jn bcuia fignri,
Onsÿs prhgugmbi ugi dbngivngturigzi shdrn iqunaahs qun tbngng `ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi
mhgstigtn, jhfbgigtn y nspbrbtuia. Dbngivngturijhs shg ahs qun sbnfprn jnsnig ai
oustbmbi mhg ugi bgtngsbjij
bgtngsbjij qun giji fés punjn sitb
sitbskimnrahs.
skimnrahs.
Muigjh ug `hfdrn tbngn `ifdrn, ustnj punjn thmir ugi `nrfhsi fÿsbmi, pnrh
nsth gh ah sitbskimn. \unjn `idairan jn gnchmbhs, jnphrtns, phaætbmi, rnabcbýg h
rnmrnimbýg, pnrh nstis mhsis gh imiaairég na rubjh jn su nstýfich. @isti qun ustnj
\ 93 ¸Gunstrh jnsnh iabfngtn i nstn `hfdrn, ¡na `ifdrn ns ah ÿgbmh qun tngjré ng fngtn! Jn bcuia
jn oustbmbi jndn snr misuia h fignri, sb `hfdrns h fuonrns tbngng snj, punjn hkrnmnrans ngtrntngbfbngth,
ngtrntn gbfbngth, jnsmigsh,
tnfphria8 Nxpabqun. rnmrnimbýg h nfpitæi, pnrh
pnr h su itngmbýg mhgtbguiré punsti ng na icui `isti qun punjig
vnrtnr iach jn naai ng sus circigtis snmis. Na `ifdrn y ai snj gh shg tnfphrians gb
misuians. ]hg jnsnhs urcngtns qun maifig? ¡Jifn iabfngth y icui h fhrbrâ!
Dbngivngturijh ns na aæjnr qun tbngn nsti maisn jn jnsnh jn oustbmbi, jæi tris jæi, iùh
tris iùh, phr thji su vbji ng ai tbnrri.
\ 90 ¸Mýfh sn mngtri Na ipýstha \idah ghs iyuji i mhfprngjnr qun na `ifdrn y ai snj jn oustbmbi sn ngkhmig
gunstri dÿsqunji jn oustbmbi ng Jbhs. Âa ghs nsmhcbý piri nstir ‑ng Mrbsth Onsÿs, na muia ghs `i sbjh `nm`h phr Jbhs
ng ugi rnaimbýg8
sidbjuræi, oustbmimbýg, sigtbmimbýg y rnjngmbýg‖ (9 Mh 9?=<). Nstir aangh jn oustbmbi
ns nstir aangh jn ai prnsngmbi y jna mirémtnr jn Jbhs. \idah ghs bgsti i vnstbrghs ‑jna
gunvh `hfdrn, mrnijh sncÿg Jbhs ng ai oustbmbi y sigtbjij jn ai vnrjij‖ (Nk :?4:).
Zngnr `ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi ns ugi hrimbýg piri mhfpirtbr ai prnsngmbi, ai giturianzi
y na mirémtnr jn gunstrh \ijrn y jn gunstrh ]iavijhr.
\ 92 ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, ¸jn quâ
jndnræi snr gunstrh jnsnh tbngn ustnj `ifdrn y snj8
jn oustbmbi mhfh ugi
fhgtiùi iati8
¸Muéa ns nsi ÿgbmi mhsi qun
rniafngtn ig`nai ng ai vbji8
¸@iy iacÿg crig jnsnh ng
su vbji qun sn jnstimi shdrn
thjhs ahs jnfés jnsnhs
fnghrns8 ¸]u vbsbýg ns
mairi jn fhjh qun thjh su
snr jbskruti jn ai auz jn su
prnsngmbi8 (Ft ;?44 G[B).
Mhfh aæjnr jna pundah jn
Jbhs, ¸sn an mhghmnré mhfh
ugi pnrshgi qun ifý i Jbhs
mhg thjh su mhrizýg, iafi,
fngtn y kunrzi8 ¸Ai cngtn
sn rnknrbré i ustnj mhfh na
aæjnr qun tngæi `ifdrn y snj
jn nstir aangh y jn rndhsir
mhg na Nspærbtu jn Jbhs8
I Idna sn an rnmunrji phr su oustbmbi (Ft 4=?=>). Miæg ns mhghmbjh phr su
`hfbmbjbh, tnrqunjij y phr mhgstrubr ugi mbujij (Cg :?93). I Gbfrhj sn an mhghmn
phr snr
s nr ug vbchr
vbchrhsh
hsh mmizij
izijhr
hr (C
(Cgg 9<?
9<?0)5
0)5 i Nghm
Nghm,, phr mifb
mifbgir
gir mhg J
Jbhs
bhs ((Cg
Cg >?4
>?44-4:)
4-4:)55
\ 4< ¸Ah rnmhrjirég i Ghâ, phr su oustbmbi, ai kn y ai crimbi qun ngmhgtrý mifbgigjh mhg Jbhs (Cg ;?2).
ais pnrshgis mhfh ug aæjnr I Diaiif sn an mhghmn phr su jhg prhkâtbmh y su mhjbmbi (4 \ 4?9>)5 i ]igsýg, phr su
ngkhmijh ng ai oustbmbi8
kunrzi y su auourbi. Jiabai `i aancijh i snr sbgýgbfh jn snjummbýg (Oun 9;?:-4<).
Tnmhrjifhs i Jivbj phr snr ug `hfdrn mhgkhrfn ia mhrizýg jn Jbhs y qun mufpabý
ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs (@m` 9=?44). Tnmhrjifhs ia `boh jn Jivbj, ]iahfýg, phr su
 crig sidbjuræi y su iÿg fiyhr gnmnjij. ]iahfýg cubý ia rnbgh jn Bsrina `imbi ai

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 99>

jnstrummbýg. \hjræifhs mhgtbguir i trivâs jn thji ai Dbdabi, rnsufbngjh phr quâ shg
rnmhrjijis ais pnrshgis. \nrh gunstrh pugth prbgmbpia ns? ‑aæjnr nspbrbtuia, ¸phr quâ
snré ustnj rnmhrjijh8‖.
Ai pirijhoi hrthjhxi.
hrthjhxi. Ai Dbdabi nsté aangi jn *pirijhois, vnrjijns qun vig aijh i
aijh y qun ngkrngtig jbrnmmbhgns hpunstis. Na fbsfh Onsumrbsth ns ugi pirijhoi. Âa nri
mhfpantifngtn Jbhs, pnrh tifdbâg mhfpantifngtn `hfdrn. Nri bgfhrtia y iug isæ, sus
ngnfbchs ah fitirhg. ¡Yuâ pirijhoi! Jn ai fbsfi fignri, Fitnh >?; ns ugi pirijhoi. \ 49 ¸Muéa ns ai
¸Mýfh punjng nstir aanghs ahs qun tbngng `ifdrn y snj8 Na `ifdrn y ai snj kæsbmi pirijhoi ng Fitnh >?;8
>?;8

gugmi
sudng ysndioig
sitbskimng
jnsjnphr fum`h `isti
ai fiùigi tbnfph. GunstriAh
ai ghm`n. `ifdrn
fbsfhjnhmurrn
iabfngths
mhg nay `ifdrn
snj jn aæqubjhs
y ai snj \ 44 ¸Muéa ns na nrrhr
qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians
nspbrbtuians. Ai prnsngmbi jn Jbhs jn iynr gh punjn sitbskimnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn `hy. jndng nvbtir mhg rnspnmth i
Zngci mubjijh, gh sni qun aancun i snr mhfh ahs mrnyngtns tbdbhs jn Aihjbmni, qubngns ai oustbmbi8
gh sngtæig `ifdrn gb snj nspbrbtuians (Ip =?9:-49). \iri ahs mrnyngtns siaujidans, na
`ifdrn y ai snj nspbrbtuians shg gnmnsbjijns rnmurrngtns jn miji jæi. Ahs qun gh sbngtng
`ifdrn gb snj jbirbifngtn ¡nstég ngknrfhs h funrths! Fbngtris hrifhs? ‑Na pig gunstrh
jn miji jæi, jéghsah `hy‖ (Ft ;?99), jndnfhs rnmhrjir qun gh phjnfhs vbvbr shah jn
pig. Gnmnsbtifhs iabfngth nspbrbtuia jbirbifngtn
jbirbifngtn phr fnjbh jn ai \iaidri jn Jbhs y jn
su prnsngmbi.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, sni nonfpah ngtrn sus sncubjhrns jn ai vnrjij jn qun ai vbji ns ugi \ 4= ¸Muéans shg
iacugis érnis ng ais qun na
dÿsqunji jn mhghmnr i Jbhs y isnfnoirghs i Âa fés y fés. I ah airch jn su vbji, nvbtn
aæjnr nspbrbtuia punjn tngnr
sngtbrsn sitbsknm`h mhg ai migtbjij y ai miabjij jn su oustbmbi. ‑Iÿg fés mnrmi, mnrmi jn mhgtbguifngtn `ifdrn y snj
tu auz, aaâvifn h` ]iavijhr‖,
]iavijhr‖ , jndn snr su migmbýg kivhrbti y jn ai muia gugmi sn migsn, jn oustbmbi8

sbgh qun sn jnanbtn

pnrjhgijhs8 Nstn nsngugmigtirai jæi tris
firivbaahsh jæi.jn
nstijh ¸Zbngn ai sncurbjij
oustbmbi. jn qun susi pnmijhs
\nrh, ¸`i iprngjbjh shg
vbvbr ianoijh
jna pnmijh fhfngth tris fhfngth8 ^stnj nvbti imths pnmifbghshs5 nsth ns oustbmbi.
\nrh, ¸pnrfbtn qun su fngtn fnjbtn ng iach qun Jbhs jbmn qun nsté fia8 ¸@i iamigzijh
na gbvna jn oustbmbi ng na qun aanvi ‑miutbvh thjh pngsifbngth i ai hdnjbngmbi i Mrbsth‖ Mrbsth‖88
(4 Mh 9<?>). ¸Imhstufdri i rnnfpaizir ais tngtimbhgns mhg dunghs pngsifbngths, ia
pnrfbtbr qun ai piaidri jn Mrbsth `idbtn ng ustnj idugjigtnfngtn y qun an `idan mhg
siafhs, `bfghs y migmbhgns nspbrbtuians8 (Mha =?9;). Yubzés ustnj `i iamigzijh na gbvna
jn ugi vbji sigti ng na muia pbngsi ng ‑…thjh ah qun ns vnrjijnr
vnrjijnrh, h, thjh ah `hgnsth, thjh
ah ousth, thjh ah purh…‖ (Kba :?0). \nrh, ¸muégth an prnhmupi na sukrbfbngth qun ngmungtri
miji jæi8 ¸Muégti mirci tbngn phr ahs pnrjbjhs qun vn y phr ahs miutbvhs jn ]itigés qun
gugmi vn ng prbsbhgns jbstigtns8 ¸Muég mhfpanti ns su vbji mhg na kruth nspbrbtuia y ahs
jhgns nspbrbtuians8 ¸Hri ustnj ng ai fiùigi, igtns jn qun sus pbns thqung na pbsh8 ¸\isi
ugi `hri h jhs ng hrimbýg y ng su jnvhmbhgia, mhfh jndn `imnrah thjh aæjnr pbijhsh8
Ijnfés, ¸primtbmi ustnj i ah airch jn su jæi ugi imtbtuj jn hrimbýg8 Ouig Snsany shaæi
prncugtirans i ais pnrshgis?
pnrshgis? ‑¸Z
‑¸Znn ngmungtrh hrigjh8‖. Jâ crimbis phr muiaqub
muiaqubnr
nr gbvna jn
oustbmbi qun Jbhs
Jbhs an `iyi iyujij
iyujijhh i iamigzir, pnrh gh sn sbngt
sbngtii tig sitbsknm`h mhfh piri
qunjirsn ng nsn gbvna. Zhji gunstri vbji ns ugi dÿsqunji jn pnrfbtbr qun na Nspærbtu
]igth ghs trigskhrfn i ai snfnoigzi jn Onsÿs. Jbhs jnsni qun sus aæjnrns snig mhfh
Mrbsth ng thjhs ahs ispnmths. Isæ qun, jnsjn ai mugi nspbrbtuia `isti ai tufdi, tngcifhs
`ifdrn y snj jn gbvnans fés iaths. Zngcifhs `ifdrn y snj jn Mrbsth ng kn, sidbngjh qun
Jbhs `i prhfntb
prhfntbjh
jh aangirghs i fnjbji qun ah dusqunfhs. ‑Dbngivngturijhs ahs qun
tbngng `ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi, phrqun naahs snrég simbijhs
simbijhs‖ (Ft >?;).
Ng ahs tbnfphs jn Nabsnh, ai mbujij jn ]ifirbi sukrbý ugi kunrtn `ifdrugi. ]us
ngnfbchs `idæig sbtbijh ai mbujij phr fum`hs jæis y ais pnrshgis qun nstidig ijngtrh
sn fhræig jn `ifdrn. Kunri jn ais punrtis jn ai mbujij, muitrh anprhshs tifdbâg
pijnmæig jn `ifdrn. Ri qun gh `idæi iabfngths jngtrh jn ai mbujij, jnmbjbnrhg vbsbtir \ 4: ¸Muéa ns ai crig
na mifph ngnfbch y maifir phr fbsnrbmhrjbi. Muigjh aancirhg ia mifph jn ahs sbrbhs, vnrjij imnrmi jn ai oustbmbi
qunjirhg nstupnkimths. Jbhs `idæi rniabzijh ug fbaicrh. Âa `idæi `nm`h qun thjh na baustriji ng 4 Tnyns 3?28
99; Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

noârmbth nsmum`iri rubjhs jn mirrhs y jn midiaahs itimigjh na mifpifngth. Isæ qun, na

noârmbth sbrbh `uyý jnspivhrbjh, jnoigjh ais tbngjis aangis jn hrh, paiti y iabfngths. Ahs
anprhshs sn rnchmboirhg ¡mhfh pnrrhs `ifdrbngths imnrmégjhsn i ugi pirrbaaiji! Ahs
anprhshs ngmhgtrirhg fés hrh jna qun phjæig mircir, y fés iabfngths jn ahs qun phjæig
mhfnr. ‑Aunch sn jbonrhg na ugh ia htrh? Gh nstifhs `imbngjh dbng. @hy ns jæi jn dungi
gunvi, y ghshtrhs miaaifhs5 y sb nspnrifhs `isti na ifignmnr, ghs iamigziré gunstri
fiajij. [ifhs puns, i`hri, ngtrnfhs y jnfhs ai gunvi ng misi jna rny‖ (4 T 3?2).
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, isncÿrnsn jn qun ustnj y su mhgcrncimbýg gh jbskrutng jn ugi nsti
nspbrbtuia y sn havbjng jn qun ai fiyhr pirtn jna fugjh sukrn jn `ifdrugi nspbrbtuia.
Gunstri `ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi jndn bgmaubr ug bgtngsh jnsnh phr mhfpirtbr mhg htrhs
ah qun `nfhs ngmhgtrijh.

\ 4> ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh M. Gnmnsbtifhs nqubabdrir na jnd

jndnr
nr y ai jnvhmbýg.
Firæi ns ug dung nonfpah =0 ‑Imhgtnmbý qun yngjh jn mifbgh, ngtrý ng ugi iajni5 y ugi fuonr
piri ahs aæjnrns8
aaifiji Firti an rnmbdbý ng su misi. =2 Nsti tngæi ugi `nrfigi qun sn
aaifidi Firæi, ai muia, sngtégjhsn i ahs pbns jn Onsÿs, hæi su piaidri.
:<
\nrh Firti sn prnhmupidi
prnhmupidi mhg
Kbcuri :.0 Firæi nsmhcbý
ah ÿgbmh gnmnsirbh ng ai fum`hs qun`imnrns, y imnrmégjh
imnrmégjhsn,
sn,
vbji? sngtirsn i ahs pbns jboh? ]nùhr, ¸gh tn ji mubjijh qun
jn Onsÿs. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, fb `nrfigi fn jnon snrvbr shai8
sb ustnj jnsmubji ais Jban, puns, qun fn iyujn.
jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jn
ahs jnvhmbhgians jbirbhs,
:9
Tnsphgjbngjh Onsÿs, an jboh?
ai hrimbýg, na iyugh, ai Firti, Firti, ikigiji y turdiji
ijhrimbýg y ai fnjbtimbýg nstés mhg fum`is mhsis. :4 \nrh
ng ai \iaidri jn Jbhs, gijbn sýah ugi mhsi ns gnmnsirbi5 y
ah phjré hdabcir i `imnrais. Firæi `i nsmhcbjh
nsmhcbjh ai dung
dungii pirtn,
\nrh sb nsmhcn sngtirsn
i ahs pbns jn Mrbsth, mhg ai muia gh an snré qubtiji‖
`ifdrn y snj jn thjh ah 9<?=0-:4).
(Am 9<?=0-:4).
qun ns ousth, gijbn phjré Ai ÿgbmi mhsi gnmnsirbi. Firæi ns mhghmbji phr nsmhcnr ah ÿgbmh gnmnsirbh?
qubtiran nsths prnmbhshs
fhfngths (Am 9<?:4). `ifdrn y snj jn Jbhs.
Ai jnmbsbýg ns suyi. Gnmnsbtifhs ngtngjnr ai rnaimbýg ngtrn na jndnr y ai *jnvhmbýg. I vnmns `imnfhs
ug mhgtristn ngtrn Firti y Firæi. Ishmbifhs i Firti mhg na jndnr y i Firæi mhg ai
\ 4; ¸Jn quâ fignri jnvhmbýg. Firti tridioý mhg ais fighs, pnrh Firæi
F iræi ijhrý mhg na mhrizýg. ¸Jndnræifhs
ai bcansbi jn Âknsh kun snr mhfh Firti h mhfh Firæi8 ¡Mhfh ifdis! Ns ug nrrhr nsmhcnr ngtrn na jndnr y ai
mhfh Firti8 jnvhmbýg. Ns mhfh tritir jn nsmhcnr ngtrn na ifhr y ahs jhgns nspbrbtuians. \idah jboh
qun na ifhr ns na mifbgh phr na qun jndnfhs igjir muigjh usifhs gunstrhs jhgns
nspbrbtuians. (9 Mh 94?=9). Jna fbsfh fhjh, gunstrh ifhr phr Jbhs ns na mifbgh qun
sncubfhs muigjh `imnfhs dungis hdris.

Na jndnr
fntia sbg ai jnvhmbýg
qun rnsungi‖ nsté vimæh.
(9 Mh 9=?9). ]b ansNsjifhs
jnmbr, iaisahs
dungis hdris
phdrns sbggunstris
thjis mhfh ‑ug
ifhr shgphsnsbhgns,
pnrh mirnmnfhs jn ifhr, gh ghs dngnmbi ng giji (9 Mh 9=?=). ¡Ai mhfbji jn Firti
`idræi tngbjh fnohr sidhr sb naai `udbnri snrvbjh mhg ugi shgrbsi ng vnz jn ugi qunoi!
Nstidi mufpabngjh mhg su jndnr sbg jnvhmbýg. Onsÿs jboh qun naai nstidi ikigiji y
jbstriæji. ¸Jbstriæji jn quâ8 Jbstriæji jn ai mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs y jn ai prnsngmbi jn
Onsÿs. ]u tridioh ipirtý i Jbhs jn su pngsifbngth. Muigjh nsth sumnjn ns qun ai pnrshgi
nsté tridioigjh jnfisbijh. Ah dungh ai jbstrioh jn ah fnohr.
Jbhs gh sn mhfpaimn sb gunstrh ifhr phr Âa sn ngkræi. Tnmunrjn ais piaidris qun
Mrbsth an `idaý i ai bcansbi jn Âknsh. Zh
Zhfn
fn ug tbnfph piri annr Ip 4?4-;.
Onsÿs jboh fum`is mhsis dungis imnrmi jn ai bcansbi jn Âknsh. Naahs tridioidig
irjuifngtn y pnrsnvnridig. ]u hjbh nri mhrrnmth, pnrh su ifhr nstidi nqubvhmijh. @iy
aécrbfis ng ais piaidris? ‑…`is jnoijh tu prbfnr ifhr‖. ifhr‖. Ai mhgcrncimbýg jn Âknsh nri

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 993

mhfh Firti. @imæig ah mhrrnmth mhg na mhrizýg nqubvhmijh. Na tridioh ahs ipirtý jn ai
jnvhmbýg jn su vbji. Ns kémba ngkitbzir ai hdri jna ]nùhr y jnsmubjir ia ]nùhr jn ai hdri.
 Muigjh phgnfhs na jndnr igtns qun ai jnvhmbýg, imtuifhs mhfh Firti. \ngsifhs \ 43 ¸Mýfh phjræi ug
fuy iatifngtn jn ghshtrhs fbsfhs. Ghs prnhmupifhs y ghs nghoifhs. \rhgth aancifhs mrbstbigh snr mhfh Firæi y
mhfh Firti8
i nstir nghoijhs y i mrbtbmir i qubngns ghs rhjnig. Bgmaush phjnfhs pngsir qun gh an
bfphrtifhs i Jbhs. Kbgiafngtn, mhfngzifhs i jnmbran i Jbhs ah qun jndn `imnr. Firti
`bzh thjh nsth. Naai push ai mirrnti jnaigtn jn ahs dunyns. \ush na jndnr prbfnrh qun ai
jnvhmbýg. Mifbgidi `imbi itrés.
Gunstrh tbnfph i shais
shais mh
mhgg Jb
Jbhs
hs ns ai ma
maivn
ivn piri vbvbr ugi vbji vbmthrbhsi. ^g igmb
igmbigh
igh
pisthr `idæi `idaijh mhg fum`hs mrbstbighs shdrn ahs prhdanfis jn nsths. Muigjh
aancidig,
Na pisthr an custidi
jboh qun ai`imnrans
fiyhræiugi prncugti?
jn ais vnmns ai‑¸Mýfh vigkun
rnspunsti sustrbstn.
jnvhmbhgns pnrshgians8‖.
Fum`hs, fbrigjh ia
pbsh jnmæig? ‑Jnoâ jn annr fb Dbdabi y jn hrir `imn fum`h tbnfph‖. Nsti ns ugi crig
rizýg phr ai qun ahs mrbstbighs pbnrjng ai vbmthrbi shdrn sus prhdanfis. Ia bcuia qun
Firti, pnrfbtng qun na jndnr jnsphon ai jnvhmbýg jn su vbji. Ai pirtn fés bfphrtigtn
jn ai vbji mrbstbigi ns ai qun shah Jbhs vn. 4
Ai prbhrbjij jn gunstri vbji jndn snr ai jnvhmbýg. Ah fés bfphrtigtn ng ai vbji gh
ns ah qun `imnfhs phr Jbhs, sbgh gunstri rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs. Na crig figjifbngth ns
ifir i Jbhs mhg thjh gunstrh mhrizýg, iafi, fngtn y kunrzi (Ft 44?=3-=05 Am 9<?43).
Firæi push ai jnvhmbýg prbfnrh. Naai nsmhcbý sngtirsn i ahs pbns jn Onsÿs. Nsth nri
ah ÿgbmh qun sn gnmnsbtidi (Am 9<?:4). ¸\hr quâ8 \hrqun muigjh thfifhs na tbnfph
piri ijhrir y nsmum`ir i Jbhs, ais dungis hdris sbcung mhfh rnsuatijh. Jbhs qubnrn
qun gunstrh ifhr phr Âa sni ai riæz y gunstris hdris piri Âa snig na kruth
kruth.. Miji ugh jn
ghshtrhs jndnræi snr mhfh Firæi. Ns jnmbr, jndnræifhs nsmhcnr sngtirghs i ahs pbns jn

Onsÿs. ]b nsmhcnfhs
]iqun na tbnfph nsth,
piri gijbn ghs ahNgtrn
snr sigth. qubtiré.
ng na aucir jn ai hrimbýg h jâ ug pisnh y \ 40 ¸Yuâ mrnn ustnj
qun `bzh Firti jnspuâs jn
tngci mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs mhfh ah `bmbnrhg Ijég y Nvi ng na `unrth. Ani ai Dbdabi ughs
qun Onsÿs an rnsphgjbý8
fbguths miji fiùigi. Figtngci ug phmh jn anùi ng na kunch jn ai jnvhmbýg. Ngthgmns,
mhfh ai auz y na miahr, ais hdris nstirég prnsngtns gituriafngtn. Ijhrn mhg ug mhrizýg
mhfh na jn Firæi y tridioiré mhg fighs mhfh ais jn Firti.
Ipabmimbýg. ¸Yuâ punjn `imnr ustnj sb jnsni na `ifdrn y ai snj jn oustbmbi pnrh pnrjbý \ 42 ]b ustnj pnrjbý na
ipntbth phr ai oustbmbi, ¸mýfh
na ipntbth8
punjn rnmupnrirah8
• Gh irrubgn su ipntbth. Mhfnr chahsbgis y mhfbji m`itirri jbsfbguyn gunstrh
jnsnh jn ahs dunghs iabfngths. Jn bcuia fignri, iabfngtir ahs fiahs jnsnhs jn
ai mirgn ia tngnr fiahs pngsifbngths, annr abdrhs y rnvbstis pnmifbghshs h fbrir
tnanvbsbýg bfpæi jbsfbgubré gunstrh jnsnh jn ah qun ns ousth. Isæ qun, nvbtn aangir
su fngtn y su iafi jna fngÿ jna fugjh. Mhfnr ng na rnstiurigtn jna jbidah phr ai
ghm`n, irrubgi gunstrh ipntbth jn Jbhs ng ai fiùigi. Gh nstrhpnn su ipntbth jn ah
mhrrnmth jnoégjhsn aanvir phr ah bgmhrrnmth.
• Mhfi ugi pnqunùi phrmbýg jn iabfngth nspbrbtuia, iugqun ustnj gh tngci
`ifdrn jn nstn. ¸An kiati na jnsnh jn annr ug mipætuah mhfpanth jn ai \iaidri jn
Jbhs8 Ngthgmns thfn ug rnkrbcnrbh jn ugh h jhs jn sus vnrsæmuahs kivhrbths. Ahs
sngtbfbngths mhrrnmths an sbcung i ug pngsifbngth mhrrnmth y i ais immbhgns mhrrnmtis.
I fngujh, gunstrhs jnsnhs nspbrbtuians gh nstég funrths, sbgh shaifngtn pnrnzhshs
h jhrfbjhs. \hjnfhs jnspnrtir na `ifdrn y ai snj nspbrbtuians mhg ug dhmijh jn
iabfngth mnanstbia h ug shrdh jn icui vbvi.
• \rimtbqun mifbgir ng na Nspærbtu ]igth, gh ng ai mirgn (Cé >?9;-44). Ns na
Nspærbtu ]igth na qun ghs iyuji i tngnr `ifdrn y snj jn ah qun ns mhrrnmth. Gh phjnfhs
mrnir nsths jnsnhs nspbrbtuians ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr, pnrh sæ phjnfhs rnsphgjnran i Âa.
Hrn y pæjian i Jbhs iyuji jna Nspærbtu ]igth. Nsmum`n na suivn susurrh jna Nspærbtu

990 Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

y rnspýgjian. Mhfh Sitm`fig

Sitm`fig Gnn, ngsnùý? jndnfhs nstir sbnfprn prnsths i shatir
muiaqubnr mhsi qun nstnfhs `imbngjh. Ng htris piaidris, figtâgcisn ng mhgtimth mhg
Jbhs, jurigtn thjis sus imtbvbjijns. Gh sn bgvhaumrn ng giji tig prhkugjifngtn qun
sn vunavi bgmhgsmbngtn jn su prnsngmbi. Mifbgn suivnfngtn mhg na Nspærbtu ]igth.
Hdnjnzmi y `hgrn ais bfprnsbhgns qun Âa an ji phr fnjbh jn ais Nsmrbturis, jn ai
mhgmbngmbi y jn ahs ifbchs pbijhshs. [ngmnrnfhs ai guabjij nspbrbtuia fbngtris
vbvifhs aanghs jna Nspærbtu ]igth. ]u prnsngmbi ghs trin ifhr, chzh, pimbngmbi,
 jhfbgbh prhpbh, phjnr, jhgns nspbrbtuians, ai prnsngmbi jn Onsÿs y ug jnsmigsh ng
ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs. Isæ qun, rnm`imnfhs nstir sitbsknm`hs mhg iach qun gh sni ai
aanguri mhfpanti jna Nspærbtu ]igth ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr.

Hrimbýg?

Jbhs jn thji mhgshaimbýg y \ijrn jn ais aumns ng na mbnah,

\ijrn jn gunstrh ]nùhr Onsumrbsth, aaâgifn mhg tu Nspærbtu
]igth. ]â na ]nùhr jn fbs hohs, piri qun ah qun vni sni ah qun tÿ
vns ng nstn fugjh.
Cuæi fbs pngsifbngths, piri qun tus pngsifbngths snig ahs
fæhs. Aaâgifn mhg tu vhaugtij, piri qun ah qun jnsnis sni ah
qun yh jnsnn. Cuæi fbs piaidris, piri qun yh `idan mhfh tu
fngsionrh.
fngsionr h. Cuæi fbs pbns y fbs fighs, piri qun yh sni tu sbnrvh.
Aangi fb mhrizýg mhg tu vhaugtij, piri qun fb prhpýsprhpýsbth
bth
jæi tris jæi sni qun vngci tu rnbgh y qun sn mufpai tu vhaugtij.
Ng na ghfdrn
ghfdrn jn Onsÿs y piri tu cahrb
cahrbi,
i,
Ifâg.

• Zýfnsn ug týgbmh. Ani `bsthrbis jn ai Dbdabi y jn ai bcansbi, imnrmi jn `hfdrns y

fuonrns qun tuvbnrhg `ifdrn y snj jn Jbhs. Nstis girrimbhgns nspbrbtuians ivbvirég
na jnsnh jn tngnr `ifdrn y snj jn Jbhs. ]b pngsifhs ng tngtimbhgns pnmifbghsis,
nsth jnspnrtiré jnsnhs fiabcghs ng ghshtrhs. \hr na mhgtrirbh, sb pngsifhs ng mhsis
dungis, nsth susmbtiré dunghs
dunghs jnsnhs. \hjnfhs cub
cubir
ir gunstrhs prhpbhs jnsnhs mhg ah
qun nsmhoifhs pngsir.
pngsir.
\ =< ¸Mýfh ns qun • Migtn ng na Nspærbtu ]igth mhg migmbhgns nspbrbtuians (Nknsbhs >?90-4<5
migtir migmbhgns nspbrbtuians Mhahsngsns =?9;). \idah vbgmuai na `nm`h jn snr aanghs mhg na Nspærbtu ]igth mhg
iufngti ai prnsngmbi jna
Nspærbtu ]igth ng ghshtrhs8
migtir mégtbmhs nspbrbtuians. Fbngtris nstnfhs aanghs, rndhsirnfhs jn mégtbmhs jn
iaidigzi. R fbngtris migtnfhs ais vnrjijns jn ais Nsmrbturis, na Nspærbtu ]igth sn
nanviré ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr. Isæ qun, \idah nsmrbdn? 90 ‑…snj aanghs jna Nspærbtu,
92
`idaigjh ngtrn vhshtrhs
vhshtrhs mhg siafhs, mhg `bfghs y mégtbmhs nspbrbtuians, migtigjh
y iaidigjh ia ]nùhr ng vunstrhvunstrhss mhrizhgns5 4< jigjh sbnfprn crimbis phr thjh ia
Jbhs y \ijrn,
\ijrn, ng na ghfdrn jn gunstrh ]nùhrr Onsumrbsth‖ (Nk >?90-4<).
gunstrh ]nùh
Na pundah jn Jbhs rnmhghmn jnsjn `imn fum`h tbnfph ai rnaimbýg ngtrn migtir y ai
prnsngmbi
prnsng mbi jn Jbhs. NNabsnh
absnh jnsnid
jnsnidii qun na Nspær
Nspærbtu
btu ]i
]igth
gth ah aangi
aangiri,
ri, jn fi
fignri
gnri qu
qunn pujb
pujbnri
nri
prhkntbzir
prhknt bzir.. Isæ qun, aaifý i ug fÿsbmh (4 T =?9>). Ia migtir migmbhgns
migmbhgns jn iaidigzi piri
\ =9 Muigjh migti
ngtrir ng ai prnsngmbi jn Jbhs, su prnsngmbi ngtri ng ghshtrhs (]ia 9<<?:). Muigjh ug
mégtbmhs nspbrbtuians, ¸sn nspærbtu bgfugjh ithrfngtidi i ]iÿa, Jivbj thmidi su irpi y migtidi iaidigzis i Jbhs.
iufngti su jnsnh jn nstir Mhfh rnsuatijh, na nspærbtu bgfugjh sn bdi y ai prnsngmbi jna ]nùhr aancidi. Nxbstn ugi
mnrmi jn Jbhs8 mhgnxbýg jbrnmti ngtrn migtir mégtbmhs nspbrbtuians y jbskrutir jn ai prnsngmbi jna Nspærbtu
]igth. Fbngtris ahs fÿsbmhs thmidig, na Nspærbtu jn Jbhs aangidi na tnfpah jn ]iahfýg
(4 Mr >?9=-9:). \idah y ]bais, ngmnrrijhs ng ugi prbsbýg ng Kbabphs, sigcridig jndbjh i ugi

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 992

chapbzi (@m` 9;?4>-=:). Fbngtris migtidig i fnjbighm`n,

f njbighm`n, ai prnsngmbi jn Jbhs ahs aangý i
naahs y i ai prbsbýg. ]n shatirhg ais mijngis jn ahs prbsbhgnrhs y sn idrbnrhg ais punrtis.
\rhgth na mirmnanrh y su misi kunrhg siavhs y mhfngzirhg i sncubr i Mrbsth. Anvigtâfhghs
jn ai ipitæi, jn ai juji, jna jnségbfh y jna sukrbfbngth migtigjh mégtbmhs jn iaidigzis,
pnrfbtbngjh
pnrfbt bngjh qun na Nspær
Nspærbtu
btu ]i
]igth
gth gghs
hs aan
aangn
gn y gghs
hs fbg
fbgbstrn
bstrn i ghsh
ghshtrhs
trhs y i htrh
htrhs.
s.
Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians shg mhfh nonrmbmbhs kæsbmhs. Muigjh shfhs mhgstigtns \ =4 ¸Ng quâ sn
pirnmng ais jbsmbpabgis
jbsmbpabgis
mhg na nonrmbmbh kæsbmh, nstn thgbmi gunstrhs fÿsmuahs y an ji rnsbstngmbi i gunstrh
nspbrbtuians, tians mhfh na
munrph. Na nonrmbmbh iufngti gunstri kunrzi. Ai Dbdabi jbmn qun gunstri mirgn tbngjn `imbi `ifdrn y snj jn oustbmbi, i
ahs jnsnhs y ais immbhgns mirgians (9 Mh =?=5 Cé >?9;-93). Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians ahs nonrmbmbhs kæsbmhs8
jhfbgig ai mirgn y iabfngtig gunstri pirtn nspbrbtuia. @idbtuirghs i primtbmir nonrmbmbhs
nspbrbtuians ghs iyuji i idugjir mhg na kruth jna Nspærbtu ]igth y i mrnmnr i ai snfnoigzi
jn Mrbsth (Cé >?44-4>).
 Na pngsifbngth nspbrbtuia.
Anmmbýg Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais trns rizhgns phr ais muians ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun ai
fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis pbngsig n baustrir nsis rizhgns.
93 Hdontbvh D? Nstidanmnr ahs mbgmh prbgmbpbhs piri vngmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths n baustrir ahs prbgmbpbhs.
Hdontbvh M? Mhgtristir ahs jhs mifbghs y ahs jnstbghs qun miji pnrshgi ngkrngti ng muigth i
sus pngsifbngths.

Ng nsti anmmbýg nstujbirnfhs ai jbsmbpabgi nspbrbtuia jna pngsifbngth nspbrbtuia. \ == ¸\unjng ahs
Fbngtris mhgsbjnrifhs ughs pugths shdrn mýfh pngsifhs, `irnfhs ug mhgtristn ngtrn mrnyngtns jbrbcbr sus
pngsifbngths mhfh
mhfh ug
na pngsifbngth cubijh phr ai mirgn y na pngsifbngth cubijh phr na Nspærbtu ]igth. ^gh jn mbmabsti fignoi su dbmbmanti8
ahs prhdanfis fés crigjns ng ai bcansbi jn `hy ns ai kiati jna pngsifbngth nspbrbtuia qun Nxpabqun.
`i aanvijh i crig pirtn jna pundah jn Jbhs i nxtrivbirsn. Nsté pnrjbngjh, h yi `i pnrjbjh,
su mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs phrqun gh ah `hgrig mhg sus pngsifbngths. \iri fum`hs, nsti snré
ai anmmbýg fés ÿtba qun nstujbng ng thji su vbji
vbji.. \uns, i fnjbji qun iprngjifhs i aanvir
miutbvhs gunstrhs pngsifbngths
]nùhr, ngtrirnfhs y primtbqunfhs
ng ai jbfngsbýg pngsifbngths
jn ugi mhgstigtn mhfugbýgnspbrbtuians
mhg Jbhs. qun
\idahicrijig ia
nsmrbdbý
imnrmi jn ai gnmnsbjij jn pnrfbtbr qun Onsÿs sni na Ifh jn gunstrhs pngsifbngths?
:
‑…ais irfis jn gunstri fbabmbi gh shg mirgians, sbgh phjnrhsis ng Jbhs piri ai
jnstrummbýg jn khrtianzis, > jnrrbdigjh ircufngths
ircufngths y thji iatbvnz qun sn anvigti
mhgtri na mhghmbfbngth jn Jbhs, y aanvigjh miutbvh thjh pngsifbngth i ai
hdnjbngmbi i Mrbsth…‖ (4 Mh 9<?:- >). >).
Bgtrhjummbýg? ¸Muégths pngsifbngths jbknrngtns shg phsbdans ng shah ug fbguth8
¸[nbgtn8
¸[nbgtn8 ¸Zrnbgti8 ¸Muégths pngsifbngths punjn ustnj tngnr ng ugi `hri8 ¸Mbng8 ¸Fba8
¸Muégths pngsifbngths shg phsbdans ng ug jæi8 ¸Ng ugi snfigi8 ¸Ng ug fns8 ¸Ng
ug iùh8 ¡\unjn `idnr tigths pngsifbngths! \unjng puauair mhfh idnois. [unaig ng
digjijis mhfh ivns. Mhfh nsaidhgns jn ugi mijngi, ugh ngcigm`i ia sbcubngtn. Ahs
pngsifbngths shg mhfh crighs jn irngi. ^g shah crigh gh pnsi fum`h, pnrh, ¡ugi
thgnaiji jn irngi sn khrfi jn crighs bgjbvbjuians! =
Znsbs h tnfi jn nsti anmmbýg? Ri qun shg fum`hs ahs pngsifbngths, tngnfhs qun \ =: ¸\hr quâ ns
`imnrahs gunstrhs ifbchs. Ngthgmns, ghs nsmhatirég `isti ai prnsngmbi jn Jbhs y `isti bfphrtigtn `imnr qun
gunstrhs pngsifbngths snig
na mbnah. \nrh, sb gunstrhs pngsifbngths shg gunstrhs ngnfbchs, sn mhgvnrtbrég ng ug gunstrhs ifbchs8
phjnrhsh noârmbth qun ghs
ghs irristriré `isti na bgnrgh.
I. Na prhdanfi? Ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun iacughs
iamigzig i mhfprngjnr.
9. Jbhs sidn muégjh ans jifhs imhcbji i ahs fiahs pngsifbngths. \ => ¸]idn Jbhs ah qun
nstifhs pngsigjh8
^g phabmæi gh punjn fuatirah i ustnj gb fntnrah ng ugi mérmna phr miusi jn sus
pngsifbngths. ^g pijrn h ug finstrh gh punjng mistbcir i ug gbùh phr sus fiahs

94< Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

pngsifbngths. ^g ounz gh punjn aanvirah i ug trbdugia phr fiahs pngsifbngths. ¸\hr

quâ8 \hrqun gijbn punjn vnr ah qun nsté jngtrh jn ai fngtn jn htri pnrshgi. Gunstrhs
pngsifbngths shg bgvbsbdans
bgvbsbdans y jnsmhghmb
jnsmhghmbjhs
jhs piri htrhs `ufighs.
\hr na mhgtrirbh, Jbhs vn ahs pngsifbngths ng gunstrh bgtnrbhr. ‑On`hvé mhghmn
ahs pngsifbngths jn ahs `hfdrns‖ (]ia 2:?99). Ahs pngsifbngths bfpurhs shg tig
rnpucgigtns y tig hkngsbvhs piri na Nspærbtu ]igth mhfh ugis sédigis sumbis piri
ug rny. :
^g `hfdrn, ng ugi hmisbýg, vbh ugi mhafngi jn mrbstia. Âa phjæi vnr thjis ais
idnois jngtrh jn nsti. Jn bcuia fignri, Jbhs punjn vnr gunstrhs
gunstrh s pngsifbngths jngtrh
jn gunstri fngtn.
\ =; ¸Muégjh ahs fiahs 4. Jbhs jbmn qun mivbair shdrn pngsifbngths
pngsifbngths bfpurhs ns pnmifbghsh.
pngsifbngths sn mhgvbnrtng
ng pnmijhs8 Onsÿs jboh qun jnanbtirsn mhg pngsifbngths jn auourbi ns ijuatnrbh (Ft >?43-40).
Figtngnr pngsifbngths jn hjbh ns `hfbmbjbh (9 Og =?9>). Ahs pngsifbngths mhgtbguhs
jn ifircuri sn mhgvbnrtng ng ugi riæz qun mhgtifbgi i fum`hs (@nd 94?9>). Ahs
pngsifbngths jn kiati jn pnrjýg punjng miusir qun pnrjifhs na pnrjýg qun Jbhs ghs
drbgji (Ft 90?
90?49-=>).
49-=>). A
Ahs
hs pngs
pngsifbngths
ifbngths jn mhjb
mhjbmbi
mbi shg ah fbsfh qun bjh
bjhaitræi
aitræi (Mh
(Mhaa =?>).
Ahs pngsifbngths jn tnfhr h prnhmupimbýg jns`hgrig i Jbhs.
\ =3 ¸Mýfh ns qun =. Imhcnr pngsifbngths bfpurhs aanvi i ai nsmaivbtuj jna pnmijh.
ahs pngsifbngths bfpurhs • ^g kýskhrh gh punjn ngmngjnr ug mirdýg snmh. \nrh
prnpirig na mifbgh piri na
pnmijh8 Nxpabqun.
nfpipn na mirdýg mhg qunrhsâg y ngthgmns ug kýskhrh
ah `iré irjnr. Jn bcuia fignri, ug jæi na pnmijh jn ugi
pnrshgi qun nfpipn su fngtn mhg p
pngsifbngths
ngsifbngths bfpurhs
bfpurhs
`iré qun nsti irji ng aaifis.
• Ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg mhfh ug gbjh jngtrh jna
muia sn nfphaaig ahs `unvhs jna pnmijh.
• ^gi nm`i gh jnoi ristrh muigjh vunai phr na ibrn. \hr na
mhgtrirbh, hdsnsbhgirsn mhg fiahs pngsifbngths jnoi ug
ristrh didhsh mhfh na qun jnoi ug mirimha.
•
Gutri ahs
ahs fiahs pngsifbngths y naah
naahss sn mhgvnrtbrég ng ug
cbcigtn qun ah mhgqubstiré.
• Gh kun ug jnfhgbh ah qun aanvý ia rny Jivbj i mhfntnr
ijuatnrbh mhg Dntsidâ. Kunrhg sus prhpbhs pngsifbngths
qun âa sn gncý i mhgtrhair.
• Ai phrghcrikæi, rnvbstis y abdrhs pnmifbghshs, pnaæmuais h væjnhs fugjighs
jndbabtig gunstri rnsbstngmbi i ai tngtimbýg. Ghs funvng pish i pish `imbi na
pnmijh.
pnmi jh.
• Zig sncurh mhfh qun Ouig na Diutbsti prnpirý na mifbgh piri Onsÿs, imhcnr fiahs
pngsifbngths prnpiri na mifbgh piri
piri na pnmijh.
D. Ai shaumbýg? \hjnfhs vbvbr ugi vbji jn abdnrtij y vbmthrbi ng
gunstrhs pngsifbngths.
Fum`hs `ig mrnæjh ai fngtbri jna jbidah jn qun gh phjnfhs mhgtrhair gunstrhs
pngsifbngths. \nrh ai vnrjij ns qun phjnfhs vbvbr ugi vbji jn abdnrtij y vbmthrbi fngtia.
I mhgtbguimbýg prnsngtifhs ais mbgmh maivns jn abdnrtij y vbmthrbi fngtia ‑aanvigjh
miutbvh thjh pngsifbngth i ai hdnjbngmbi i Mrbsth‖ (4 Mh 9<?>).
\ =0 ¸\hjnfhs 9. Jnpngji jn Jbhs piri rnmbdbr iyuji.
abdrirghs jn ai itijuri jn
pngsifbngths bfpurhs8
bfpurhs8
Zhjhs gnmnsbtifhs i ug ]iavijhr qun ghs abdrn jn gunstrhs pnmijhs (Ft 9?495
Nxpabqun. Th =?4=5 ;?4=). Onsÿs ns ai khrfi crbnci jn Ohsuâ
Ohsuâ,, qun sbcgbmi ‑na ]nùhr siavi‖. Na
égcna an jboh i Ohsâ? ‑…y aaifirés su ghfdrn Onsÿs, phrqun âa siaviré i su pundah jn
sus pnmijhs‖
pnmijhs‖ (Ft 9?49). Ns ai jnabmbi y ai fbsbýg jn Onsÿs siavirghs jn gunstrhs pnmijhs
phr fnjbh jna fbgbstnrbh jna
jna Nspærbtu ]igth.

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 949

Bgvbtn ia Nspærbtu ]igth i qun ah mhgtrhan fhfngth tris fhfngth. ]hfnti su fngtn y
su vhaugtij
dunghs i Âa (Th 0?2-9:).
pngsifbngths Mifbgn ng na Nspærbtu ]igth y Âa ah cubiré piri qun tngci
(Cé >?9;-4;).
(Cé
4. ]ni mhgsmbngtn jn sus pngsifbngths.
pngsifbngths. \ =2 ¸\hr quâ ns
vbtia nstir mhgsmbngtns jn
^stnj punjn sidnr ah qun tbngn ng su dhasbaah sb vimæi su mhgtngbjh shdrn ugi fnsi. gunstrhs pngsifbngths8
Jn bcuia fignri, ustnj punjn nstir pngjbngtn jn sus pngsifbngths. ]ni mhgsmbngtn jn
ah qun nsté pngsigjh. Nstâ ianrti y vbcbaigtn. Na prhpbntirbh jn ugi tbngji figtbngn ug
bgvngtirbh5 ns jnmbr, ugi absti jn ah qun `iy ng su gnchmbh. Jna fbsfh fhjh, jndnfhs
figtngnr ug mhgstigtn bgvngtirbh jn ah qun pnrfbtbfhs qun sn qunjn ng gunstrh mhrizýg
y ng gunstri fngtn.
Muigjh mhfnfhs, an phgnfhs itngmbýg i ai mhfbji, phrqun gunstri siauj kæsbmi
jnpngjn jn nsth. Jn bcuia fignri, gunstri siauj nspbrbtuia jnpngjn jn ahs pngsifbngths
qun tngcifhs. \hr ah tigth, jndnfhs prnstir itngmbýg i ah qun pngsifhs. Na jbidah y
na fugjh, mhgstigtnfngtn, snjumng i ais pnrshgis `imbi na pnmijh. Ahs qun gh nstâg
ianrtis shg cubijhs ia pnmijh igtns jn qun sn jng mungti. ^g pngsifbngth pnmifbghsh
aanvi i htrh, mhfh ahs nsaidhgns jn ugi mijngi. R prhgth, ahs qun gh phgng itngmbýg
shg nsmaivbzijhs phr na pnmijh. \hrqun sb ghshtrhs mhfnfhs jna fngÿ jna jbidah,
ghs mhgvnrtbrnfhs ng sus nsmaivhs. Isæ qun, jndnfhs nstir ianrtis y prnstir itngmbýg i
gunstrhs pngsifbngths.
]nr vbcbaigtns y mhgsmbngtns jn gunstrhs pngsifbngths ns ugi maivn piri snr abdrns.
Ai vbcbaigmbi ns na prnmbh jn ai abdnrtij fngtia. Cuæn sus pngsifbngths mhfh ug mbmabsti
cuæi su dbmbmanti. Gh pnrfbti qun sus pngsifbngths htng ng ai vbji mhfh rifis qun
htig phr ug ræh. Nstâ mhgsmbngtn jn ah qun pbngsi. Mngsurn sus pngsifbngths. Iprundn
h jnsiprundn miji pngsifbngth qun an aanci i ustnj.
=. \nrfbti qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ah ngtrngn piri qun idhrrnzmi ah qun Jbhs idhrrnmn. \ :< ¸Muéans shg
iacugis rizhgns phr ais
Idhrrnzmi ahs pngsifbngths pnmifbghshs phrqun nsths shg ngnfbchs qun qubnrng qun jndnfhs jntnstir ahs
jnstrubrah. Ahs pngsifbngths pnmifbghshs
pnmifbghshs aanvirhg i Ijég y i Nvi i ai miæji. Aanvirhg fiahs pngsifbngths8
i ]igsýg i ai jnrrhti. An rhdirhg i Tudâg su prbfhcngbturi. Ahs pngsifbngths
pnmifbghshss snjuonrhg i Jivbj `isti ais shfdris jn ai vnrcñngzi y ans mhstirhg ai
pnmifbghsh
vbji i Igigæis y i ]iri. Ahs pngsifbngths pnmifbghshs an mhstirhg na iafi i Oujis.
Iprngji i jntnstir ahs pngsifbngths pnmifbgh
pnmifbghshs,shs, phrqun naahs shg ug ngnfbch antia
qun qubnrn jnstrubr su rnputimbýg, rhdiran su rbqunzi, snpirirah jn Jbhs y mhgjngirah
ia bgnrgh.
^g `hfdrn aaifijh Mrbstbig sudæi phr ugi fhgtiùi muigjh sn ngmhgtrý mhg
ugi snrpbngtn vngnghsi. Anvigtý ugi pbnjri piri fitir i ai vædhri. \nrh mhfh na
`hfdrn sn jnfhridi, ai snrpbngtn mhfngzý i `idair. ‑\hr kivhr gh fn fitn‖, rhcý
ai snrpbngtn. ‑\rhfnth
‑\ rhfnth qun gh ah aistbfi
aistbfirâ.
râ. Zngci pbnjij jn fæ. Z Zngch
ngch tigth kræh. \hr
kivhr, anvégtnfn y aaâvnfn jndioh jn su idrbch, i ug aucir jhgjn drbaan na sha ng ai
mbfi jn ai fhgtiùi‖. Jnspuâs jn fum`is piaidris, ai snrpbngtn mhgvngmbý i Mrbstbig
jn aanvirai. Zhjh bdi dbng `isti qun Mrbstbig sn imnrmý i ai mbfi jn ai fhgtiùi.
\nrh muigjh sn jnsidhthgý na idrbch y mhahmý i ai snrpbngtn ng na sunah, nsti ah
fhrjbý. Mrbstbig jbh ug crbth jn mhgstnrgimbýg y jhahr. ‑¸\hr quâ fn fhrjbstn8 Zÿ
prhfntbst
prhf ntbstnn qun gh fn bdis i aistb
aistbfir,
fir, ppnrh
nrh ii`hri
`hri fhrb
fhrbrâ‖.
râ‖. Ai sn
snrpbng
rpbngtn
tn sn rbh y jboh?
‑Nrns ug thgth. ¡Zÿ sidæis qun yh nri tu ngnfbci muigjh tn jntuvbstn i mhgvnrsir y
fn imhcbstn!‖.
Ng ugi hmisbýg yh mhgvnrsidi mhg ug `hfdrn muigjh ugi `nrfhsi fuonr pisý mnrmi.
Ahs hohs âa ai sbcubnrhg ng miji pish qun naai jbh. \irnmæi `bpghtbzijh phr na munrph y ahs
fhvbfbngths jn ai fuonr. Kbgiafngtn, rncrnsý jn su sikirb fngtia. Rh an jbon? ‑\irnmn qun
tbngns prhdanfis mhg tus pngsifbngths‖. Âa mhgtnstý? ‑H`, gh punjh nvbtirah. Ijnfés,
¡gh nri fés qun ug pngsifbngth!‖.

944 Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

Gh phjnfhs nvbtir snr tngtijhs. Bgmaush Onsÿs kun tngtijh phr pngsifbngths
fiabcghs. Ahs pngsifbngths vunaig `imbi ghshtrhs tig vnahzfngtn mhfh ivns. ^stnj
gh punjn nvbtir
mhgstruyi su gbjhqun ug su
shdrn péoirh vunan
midnaah! Ghshdrn
punjnsu midnzi.
nvbtir ¡\nrh,
qun ug sæ punjn
aijrýg aancun nvbtir
`isti suqun nstn
punrti,
¡pnrh gh tbngn qun bgvbtirah i ngtrir!
^gi pnrshgi sidhrni ugi chahsbgi phrqun an custi. Jn bcuia fignri, phjræi jnanbtirsn
mhg ug pngsifbngth bfpurh phrqun nstn ns juamn piri ai mirgn. \hr na mhgtrirbh, nsmupbfhs
ah qun gh ghs custi. Tnm`izifhs ai mhfbji qun jntnstifhs y ahs pngsifbngths qun
hjbifhs. Ia iprngjnr i idhrrnmnr ahs pngsifbngths bfpurhs, ahs rnm`izirnfhs tig
répbjifngtn mhfh Onsÿs rnm`izý ais tngtimbhgns jn ]itigés.
\ :9 ¸Muéans shg @iy fum`hs vnrsæmuahs ng ai Dbdabi qun ghs ngsnùig i jntnstir ah fiah.
iacughs vnrsæmuahs qun
ghs ngsnùig i jntnstir ahs
‑Ahs qun ifébs i On`hvé, idhrr
idhrrnmnj
nmnj na fia5 Âa cuirji ais iafis jn sus sigths5
fiahs pngsifbngths8 jn figh jn ahs bfpæhs ahs abdri‖ (]ia 23?9<).
23?9<).
‑Na tnfhr jn On`hvé ns idhrrnmnr na fia5 ai shdnrdbi y ai irrhcigmbi, na fia
mifbgh, y ai dhmi pnrvnrsi, idhrrnzmh‖ (\r 0?9=).
0?9=).
9> ‑Gh ifâbs ia fugjh, gb ais mhsis qun nstég ng na fugjh. ]b iacugh ifi ia

fugjh, na ifhr jna \ijrn gh nsté ng âa. 9; \hrqu

\hrqunn thjh ah qu
qunn `iy ng na fugjh, ahs
ahs
jnsnhs jn ai mirgn, ahs jnsnhs jn ahs hohs, y ai vigicahrbi jn ai vbji, gh prhvbng
prhvbngnn
4?9>-9;).
jna \ijrn, sbgh jna fugjh‖ (9 Og 4?9>-9;).
‑\nrh tbngns nsth, qun idhrrnmns ais hdris jn ahs gbmhaiætis, ais muians yh tifdbâg
idhrrnzmh‖ (Ip 4?;).
4?;).
]ni mhfh Ohsâ? `uyi jn ahs pngsifbngths pnmifbghshs mhfh sb `uynri jn ugi
snrpbngtn vngnghsi (Cg =2?9<-94). Jnans ai nspiaji i igugmbhs, nsmngis, paimnrns n
bfécngns qun prhfhmbhgng i ahs ngnfbchs jn Jbhs.
\ :4 ¸Jn muéans jhs :. \nrfbti qun na Nspærbtu
Nspærbtu ]igth ah cuæn
cuæn i ifir ah qun Jbhs ifi.
ifi.
mhsis jnpngjn gunstri
mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs8
Hjbir ah fiah ns ai fbtij jn gunstri mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs. Ai htri fbtij ns ifir
ah dungh.
\ := ¸\hr quâ na \ijrn ‑@is ifijh ai oustbmbi, y idhrrnmbjh ai fiajij, phr ah muia tn ugcbý Jbhs, na
nxiatý i Onsÿs8 (@nd 9?2).
Ipabqun nstn mhghmbfbngth.
mhghmbfbngth.
Jbhs tuyh, mhg ýanh jn iancræi
iancræi fés qun i tus mhf
mhfpiùnrhs
piùnrhs‖
‖ (@nd 9?2).
9?2).
‑Idhrrnmnj na fia, y ifij na dbng…‖ (If >?9>).
>?9>).
‑Idhrrnmnj ah fiah, sncubj ah dungh‖ (Th 94?2).
94?2).
Idhrrnmnr na fia y ifir na dbng vig ougths, mhfh ais
jhs miris jn ugi fhgnji.
Idhrrnzmi ahs pngsifbngths fiabcghs jn ais tbgbndais
phrqun ]itigés sn jnsabzi ng nstis. \nrh ifn ahs pngsifbngths purhs jn ai auz, phrqun
Jbhs vbvn i`æ.
> ‑Nstn ns na fngsion qun `nfhs hæjh jn âa, y hs igugmbifhs? Jbhs ns auz, y gh `iy

gbgcugis tbgbndais ng âa. ; ]b jnmbfhs qun tngnfhs mhfugbýg mhg âa, y igjifhs ng
tbgbndais, fngtbfhs, y gh primtbmifhs ai vnrjij…‖ (9 Ouig 9?>-;).
9?>-;).
\iri tngnr mhfugbýg mhg Jbhs, jndnfhs mifbgir mhg Âa ng ai auz. Jndnfhs iprngjnr
i idhrrnmnr ah qun Jbhs idhrrnmn y i ifir ah qun Jbhs ifi.
\ :: ¸Yuâ ghs figji Kbabpngsns :?0-2 ghs jbmn qun pngsnfhs ng mhsis qun snig vnrjijnris, `hgnstis,
Kbabpngsns :?0-2 imnrmi
jna pngsifbngth8 oustis, puris, ifidans, qun tngcig dung ghfdrn, vbrtuhsis y jbcgis jn iaidigzi. I
fnjbji qun ustnj tngci dunghs pngsifbngths, su vhaugtij sn figtngjré rfn mhfh
ug cuirjbég ng ai punrti jn su fngtn (Kba :?0). Muigjh ugi tngtimbýg aanci i ustnj phr
prbfnri vnz, thmi i ai punrti jn su fngtn. ]b ustnj jnmb
jnmbjn
jn imhcnr na pngsifbng
pngsifbngth
th bfpurh,
yi gh thmiré i ai punrti ai sbcubngtn vnz. Ng su aucir, hsijifngtn sn iprnsuriré i ngtrir,
phrqun yi su vhaugtij gh vbcbai ai punrti. \hr na mhgtrirbh, i fnjbji qun primtbqun ahs

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 94=

dunghs pngsifbngths, ‑na Jbhs jn piz nstiré…‖ mhg ustnj (Kba :?2)5 y su vhaugtij,
mhfh ug cuirjbi irfijh, prhtncnré ai punrti jn su fngtn.
Muigjh ugi fijrn jnmbjn jnstntir i su gbùh, hmurrn ugi ditiaai. Na gbùh sn `i \ :> ¸Yuâ hmurrn
muigjh mhhpnrifhs mhg na
imhstufdrijh
jnspuâs jn ughs i aimuigths
anm`n tbdbi
jæis yjnia prhtnstir,
paimngtnrhnarnphsh ng na pnm`h
gbùh iprngjnré jn su mhgtngth
i nstir fijrn. \nrh
mhg Nspærbtu ]igth piri rhfpnr na
`édbth jn ahs pngsifbngths
htrh iabfngth. Jn bcuia fignri, sb ustnj `i jnsirrhaaijh na `édbth jn sidhrnir ahs bfpurhs8 Nxpabqun na prhmnsh.
pngsifbngths pnmifbghshs,
pnmifbghshs, su giturianzi mirgia aahriré mhfh ug dndâ muigjh
muigjh ai fijrn
tritn jn jnstntirah. \nrh i fnjbji qun sn pirn rfn ng Mrbsth y jnmbji idhrrnmnr ah qun
Âa idhrrnmn y i ifir ah qun Âa ifi, ai vhz jn ai mirgn sn ipiciré miji vnz fés. Miji
jæi qun ustnj jnmbji idhrrnmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths, pisirég mhfh ivns. Gh an jiré
ia pngsifbngth bfpurh ¡ugi sncugji hphrtugbjij! Ais tngtimbhgns qun sn imnrmig i ugi
fngtn puri shg mhfh kýskhrhs nm`ijhs i ug dirrba jn icui.
>. ^sn ais irfis qun Jbhs ghs prhphrmbhgi piri ai cunrri nspbrbtuia
(4 Mhrbgtbhs 9<?:).
=
‑\uns iugqun igjifhs ng ai mirgn, gh fbabtifhs sncÿg ai mirgn5 phrqun
:

ais irfis jn gunstri fbabmbi gh shg mirgians, sbgh phjnrhsis ng Jbhs piri ai
jnstrummbýg jn khrtianzis, > jnrrbdigjh ircufngths
ircufngths y thji iatbvnz qun sn anvigti
mhgtri na mhghmbfbngth jn Jbhs, y aanvigjh miutbvh thjh pngsifbngth i ai
hdnjbngmbi i Mrbsth…‖ (4 Mhrbgtbhs 9<?=->).
9<?=->).
\iri cigir ugi ditiaai nspbrbtuia,
nspbr btuia, jndnfhs usir ais irfis
irfi s nspbrbtuians. Iacugis jn \ :; ¸Muéans shg
iacugis jn ais irfis
gunstris irfis nspbrbtuians shg na phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth, ais ]icrijis Nsmrbturis, nspbrbtuians qun Jbhs ghs
ais hrimbhgns, ai kn, ai oustbmbi, ai vnrjij, ai `hgnstbjij y ahs pngsifbngths purhs ji piri mhgqubstir ahs
(4 Mh ;?;-35 9<?:->). pngsifbngths bfpurhs8
bfpurhs8
Tbzpi qunjý ichtiji bgtngtigjh figtngnr i ais ivns anohs jn ahs mijévnrns jn sus \ :3 ¸Mýfh phjnfhs
`bohs funrths (4 ] 49?9<). I ah airch jna jæi sn figtuvh nspigtigjh i ahs dubtrns. ]bg primtbmir ai kn y ai mrnngmbi
phr fnjbh jn gunstrhs
aucir i juji, nsth ai kitbcý. Jn bcuia fignri, ugi pnrshgi phjræi ichtirsn tritigjh jn pngsifbngths8
nspigtir miji pngsifbngth bfpurh. Ai khrfi fés kémba jn figtngnr mhsis sumbis kunri
jn ug rnmbpbngtn ns aangégjhah jn mhsis dungis. Isæ qun, ugi vnz qun na ]iavijhr `iyi
abfpbijh su fngtn, phgci jn su pirtn piri tngnr dunghs pngsifbngths. Aangn su fngtn
mhg ais prhfnsis jn Jbhs. Nxiatn i Jbhs phr su crigjnzi y su dhgjij. Ngtrâgnsn piri
vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn ai kn ng Jbhs. \rimtbqun mrnnr. Iabfngtn su kn y fitn
jn `ifdrn sus jujis. Mifbgir phr kn mhg sus pngsifbngths ns ugi jbsmbpabgi nspbrbtuia.
^gi cngnrimbýg jn bsrinabtis gh pujh ngtrir ng ai tbnrri prhfntbji, phr gh nonrmbtir su
kn. ¡Ns bfphsbdan tngnr ug fia pngsifbngth y ug dung pngsifbngth sbfuatégnifngtn!
 Aangn su fngtn mhg dunghs pngsifbngths. ¸Mýfh `imnrah8 Ani y fnjbtn ng ai Dbdabi. \ :0 ¸Mýfh punjn
ustnj aangir su fngtn jn
Hrn y migtn. Nsmum`n fÿsbmi jn iaidigzi y prâjbmis ng na tnfpah, ng ai rijbh, ng ai
dunghs pngsifbngths qun
tnanvbsbýg, ng ai Bgtnrgnt, ng ug jbsmh mhfpimth h ng muiaqubnr jbsphsbtbvh jbcbtia. Z
Zngci
ngci jnspaimng i ahs fiahs8
mhfugbýg mhg htris pnrshgis pbijhsis y mhgvnrsn imnrmi jn tnfis pbijhshs. Muigjh
dusqun ngtrntngbfbngth mhfh abdrhs, fÿsbmi, pnaæmuais h prhcrifis jn tnanvbsbýg, ns
bfphrtigtn qun rnm`imn ah bfpurh y iprundn shaifngtn ah qun ns dungh. ]ukrbré jnrrhti
ustnj fbsfh sb tbngn sus jnvhmbhgians ng ais fiùigis y ¡jnspuâs fbri fiais pnaæmuais
ia itirjnmnr! Gbâcunsn i vnr muiaqubnr pnaæmuai qun usn na ghfdrn jna ]nùhr ng vigh h
qun funstrn jnsgujnz. Aangn su mhrizýg, su fngtn y su iafi mhg dunghs pngsifbngths.
Idhrrnzmi ah qun Jbhs idhrrnmn y ifn ah qun Jbhs ifi. Ahs dunghs pngsifbngths shg
ug irfi nspbrbtuia piri vngmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths.
\ :2 ¸Mýfh ns qun
M. Ai nanmmbýg?
pnrshgi jndnJhs mifbghs
jnmbjbr sn nxtbngjng
phr muéa vbioir.. igtn ghshtrhs `hy. Miji
vbioir gunstrh jnstbgh jnpngjn
jn gunstrhs pngsifbngths8
9. ^g dung rnsuatijh kuturh? ]b nsmhcn vbioir phr na mifbgh jn ahs dunghs pngsifbngths, Nxpabqun ahs jhs mifbghs.
nsmhcnré mifbgir mhg Jbhs. Ng ug iùh, snré jbknrngtn. Nxpnrbfngtiré piz ng aucir
jn muapidbabjij. ^stnj iamigziré ai abdnrtij ng vnz jn nsmaivbtuj. Nstiré ianoégjhsn

94: Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

jn ai vnrcñngzi y imnrmégjhsn ia `hghr. Htrhs sn anvigtirég y ah dngjnmbrég phrqun

ustnj `hgri i Jbhs ng sus pngsifbngths prbvijhs. ]u dung nonfpah bgungmbiré i su
kifbabi y i fum`hs htrhs.
4. ^g fia rnsuatijh kuturh? ]b ustnj jnmbjn imhcnr y jbskrutir ahs pngsifbngths
pnmifbghshs, sn mhgvnrtb
mhgvnrtbré
ré ng ug nsmaivh jn sus prhpbhs pngsifbngths, ug prbsb
prbsbhgnrh
hgnrh
jn su prhpbi bficbgimbýg. \hmh i phmh, sn bré jnsabzigjh fés prhkugjifngtn ng na
khsh jna pnmijh. Ahs pngsifbngths qun ugi vnz ah ivnrchgzidig yi gh ah iairfirég.
]u ipntbth phr ais mhsis nspbrbtuians jbsfbgubré. ]u `ifdrn phr ai bgfugjbmbi
iufngtiré. ^stnj thfiré ai jnmbsbýg jn imhcnr fiahs pngsifbngths ng prbvijh. \nrh
na jæi aanciré muigjh thjhs mhghmnrég na mifbgh phr na qun `i nsmhcbjh vbioir. ]b
ustnj vbioi phr na mifbgh jn ai jnstrummbýg, ug jæi aanciré i nsn fbsfh jnstbgh. ]u
ghfdrn snré kémbafngtn iùijbjh i ai airci absti jn iqunaahs muyh ghfdrn y rnputimbýg
jig vnrcñngzi, ghfdrns mhfh Imég, ]igsýg, Igigæis y ]iri y Oujis.
\ >< ¸Gnmnsbti ustnj Bgvbtimbýg. ]b ustnj vbioi phr na mifbgh nqubvhmijh, punjn thfir na mifbgh mhrrnmth
qun Onsÿs ah abdrn jn ahs
`hy. Yubzés sus pngsifbngths nstég kunri jn mhgtrha. Nsté nsmaivbzijh y ng hmisbhgns
fiahs pngsifbngths8
Nxpabqun. ahs pngsifbngths qun an aancig an prhjumng ichgæi, ibmmbýg, muapidbabjij h thrfngth.
@iy htrh mifbgh qun jndn thfir
thfir.. ]bg bfphrtir ais fngtbris qun na jbidah an `iyi jbm`h,
âa gh punjn figtngnrah i ustnj mhfh prbsbhgnrh jn sus pngsifbngths ng mhgtri jn su
vhaugtij. Onsÿs pnrjhgi, abfpbi y nfphjnri i ahs qun sn irrnpbngtng y an pbjng i Âa qun
sni na ]nùhr jn sus pngsifbngths. Ai aidhr jna ]iavijhr ns jnmairir abdrn ia miutbvh, sbg
bfphrtir sb ais mijngis shg crigjns h pnqunùis. Maifn i su ghfdrn y Âa ah siaviré y ah
abdriré jn ais itijuris jn sus fiahs pngsifbngths. ‑Isæ qun, sb na @boh hs abdnrtirn (su
fngtn), snrâbs vnrjijnr
vnrjijnrifngtn
ifngtn abdrns
abdrns‖‖ (Og 0?=;). Jnsjn `hy ng ijnaigtn, ustnj punjn
primtbmir pngsifbngths qun icrijig i Jbhs y jiran imhcbji i su prnsngmbi. Mhfh aæjnr
nspbrbtuia, ustnj jndn tngnr dunghs pngsifbngths jn fignri qun punji cubir ia pundah
jn Jbhs phr ai sngji jn ai oustbmbi.
Zirni? \rnjæqunan shdrn ai anmmbýg 93 i ug ifbch h i ai mhgcrncimbýg. Zribci ug
tnstbfhgbh i ai maisn imnrmi jn su prnjbmimbýg shdrn ai anmmbýg 93.

Nstujbh, fnjbtimbýg, njumimbýg mhgtbgui, prnjbmimbýg, ngsnùigzi

Anmmbýg y ngtrngifbngth.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ai jhdan nstritncbi jn ug aæjnr piri sitbskimnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn iqunaahs i ahs
90 qun abjnri.
Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir mýfh punjn ug aæjnr utbabzir ahs abdrhs jn Kn y Immbýg piri
piri gutrbr y nqubpir ia
pundah jn Jbhs.

Tnpish? Finstrh, bgvbtn i ughs muigths nstujbigtns i prnsngtir mhrths tnstbfhgbhs

shdrn mýfh naahs usirhg ai anmmbýg 93.
 Ri `nfhs nstujbijh iacugis anmmbhgns shdrn na tnfi jn ifir i Jbhs, jn ifir i ais
pnrshgis y jn tngnr `ifdrn y snj jn ai mhrrnmti rnaimbýg mhg Jbh
Jbhs.
s. Z
Zhjhs
hjhs nst
nsths
hs tnfis shg
piri thji ai vbji,
vbji, gh shaifngtn phr ugi tnfphriji. \nrh fés iaaé jn ifir i Jbhs y i ais
\ >9 ¸Ahs aæjnrns sn
pnrshgis, miji aæjnr nspbrbtuia jndn thfir tbnfph piri nstujbir, i thjh ah airch jn sus
crijÿig iacugi vnz piri iùhs jn fbgbstnrbh. ^g aæjnr jâdba sn gncý i isbstbr i ahs prhcrifis jn nstujbh dædabmh. Âa
gh sncubr mhg na nstujbh, ai iairjnidi igtn fæ jbmbngjh? ‑Ri fn crijuâ jn ai nsmunai jn ai hrimbýg‖. Fb rnspunsti
hrimbýg, na jnvhmbhgia h na ‑Rh jnsmhghmæi qun iacubng ng ai tbnrri sn crijuiri jn ai nsmunai jn ai
piri âa kun? ‑Rh
ifhr8 Nxpabqun. hrimbýg. Rh
Rh pngsidi qun na paig jn Jbhs piri ghshtrhs nri primtbmir ai hrimbýg thjhs ahs
jæis jn gunstri vbji‖. Iacughs aæjnrns idigjhgig ai nsmunai jn ai hrimbýg. \nrh ng ai
tbnrri, gugmi ghs crijuifhs jn ifir i Jbhs, jn ifir i ais pnrshgis, jn tngnr `ifdrn y
snj jn ugi mhrrnmti rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs. Jn bcuia fignri, ahs aæjnrns gh jndng jnoir jn
nstujbir muigjh rnmbdng su prbfnr jbpahfi h crijh ugbvnrsbtirbh. Mhfh aæjnrns

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 94>

nspbrbtuians, Jbhs nspnri qun ghshtrhs mhgtbgunfhs nstujbigjh y iprngjbngjh i thjh ah

airch jn gunstrhs iùhs shdrn ai tbnrri. I fnjbji qun ahs aæjnrns mhgtbgÿig nstujbigjh, sn
mhgvbnrtng ng dunghs nonfpahs i sncubr. Ns fés, na abjnrizch bfpabmi abjnrir i gunstrhs
jbsmæpuahs ng prhcrifis jn nstujbh piri nqubpirahs y ngtrngirahs ‑i g jn pnrknmmbhgir
i ahs sigths piri ai hdri jna fbgbstnrbh‖ (Nk :?94).
Tnmunrjn ah qun \idah nsmrbdbý imnrmi jna mhghmbfbngth, na nstujbh y na ngtrngifbngth
piri na fbgbstnrbh?
99
‑R âa fbsfh mhgstbtuyý i ughs, ipýsthans5 i htrhs, prhkntis5 i htrhs, nvigcnabstis5 \ >4 Jn imunrjh mhg
i htrhs, pisthrns y finstrhs , 94 i g jn pnrknmmbhgir i ahs sigths piri ai hdri jna Nknsbhs :?94, ¸phr quâ Jbhs
an prhphrmbhgi pisthrns y
fbgbstnrbh, piri ai njbmimbýg jna munrph jn Mrbsth, 9= `isti qun thjhs aancunfhs finstrhs i ai mhgcrncimbýg8
i ai ugbjij jn ai kn y jna mhghmbfbngth jna @boh jn Jbhs, i ug virýg pnrknmth, i
ai fnjbji jn ai nstituri jn ai pangbtuj jn Mrbsth5 9: piri qun yi gh snif
snifhshs gbùhs
umtuigtns, aanvijhs phr jhqubnri jn thjh vbngth jn jhmtrbgi, phr nstriticnfi
jn `hfdrns qun piri ngciùir nfpanig mhg istumbi ais irtbfiùis jna nrrhr, 9> sbgh
qun sbcubngjh ai vnrjij ng ifhr, mrnzmifhs ng thjh ng iquna qun ns ai midnzi,
nsth ns, Mrbsth, 9; jn qubng thjh na munrph, dbng mhgmnrtijh y ugbjh ngtrn sæ phr
thjis ais mhyugturis qun sn iyujig futuifngtn, sncÿg ai imtbvbjij prhpbi jn
:?99-9;).
mrnmbfbngth piri br njbmégjhsn ng ifhr‖ (Nk :?99-9;).
miji fbnfdrh, rnmbdn su mrnmbfbngth
\idah mhfpiri i ai mhgcrncimbýg mhg ug munrph `ufigh. Jbhs gh nspnri qun ahs \ >= ¸Nspnri Jbhs
aæjnrns snig ahs ÿgbmhs qun nstujbng, mrnzmig, sbrvig y tridiong. ^gh jn ahs prbgmbpians qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai

prhpýsbths jn ug aæjnr nsp

nspbrbtuia
brbtuia ns prnpirir i sus jb
jbsmæpuahs
smæpuahs piri ais aidhrns jna snrvbmbh. mhgcrncimbýg nstujbng y
sbrvig8 Nxpabqun.
@nfhs prnsngtijh piutis piri aæjnrns nspbrbtuians ng muigth i jnvhmbhgians, nstujbhs,
prnjbmimbýg y ngsnùigzi ng ahs tnxths jn Kn y Immbýg Immbýg?? @hfbaâtbmi 9 (anmmbhgns : y >) \ >: ¸Yubâg ns na
y Fbgbstnrbh \isthria (anmmbhgns 9<”94). Nstis shg anmmbhgns fuy bfphrtigtns qun rnsphgsidan jn prnsngtirans
i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai
nstujbir y rnpisir. \nrh ng nsti anmmbýg, qunrnfhs ngkitbzir mýfh ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia mhgcrncimbýg ug paig piri
punjn mhfdbgir su prhpbh nstujbh mhg sus rnsphgsidbabjijns jn prnpirir ia pundah jn nstujbir,, ngtrngirsn y snrvbr8
nstujbir
Jbhs piri ai hdri jna fbgbstnrbh (Nk :?94). Fum`is pnrshgis isbstng i ais mhgcrncimbhgns
nafngtn iùh tris iùh. \nrh su aæjnr nspbrbtuia gh nstujbi y, phr ah tigth, gh tbngn ug paig
piri sus jbsmæpuahs jn nstujbh y prnpirimbýg piri na snrvbmbh. Isæ qun, ng nsti anmmbýg,
qunrnfhs iyujir i ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians i vnr qun? Miji mhgcrncimbýg ns ugi nsmunai
y miji fbnfdrh ns ug nstujbigtn. \uns sb nsti ns ai vbsbýg jn ug aæjnr, ais pnrshgis
sncurifngtn ah sncubrég. Jbvbjbrnfhs nsti anmmbýg ng trns pirtns? I, D y M.
@nm`hs ;?9-3 ghs funstri muég bfphrtigtn ns piri ahs pisthrns *prbhrbzir5 ns jnmbr,
tngnr *prbhrbjijns dædabmis. Jndbjh i ai vbji iontrniji jn ug pisthr, gh ns kémba qun âa
phgci ah prbfnrh ng prbfnr aucir. [ [nrnfhs
nrnfhs jhs prbgmbpbhs qun ah iyujirég i figtngnr
ais prbhrbjijns dædabmis ng na fbgbstnrbh.
I. Jbsmbnrgi ah qun Jbhs ah `i aaifijh i `imnr.
9
‑Ng iqunaahs jæis, mhfh mrnmbnri na gÿfnrh jn ahs jbsmæpuahs, `udh furfurimbýg \ >> ¸Yuâ kun ah qun
jn ahs crbnchs mhgtri ahs `ndrnhs, jn qun ais vbujis jn iquâaahs nrig jnsitngjbjis ahs ipýsthans pusbnrhg ng
prbfnr aucir ng @nm`hs ;8
ng ai jbstrbdumbýg jbirbi. 4 Ngthgmns ahs jhmn mhgvhmirh
mhgvhmirhgg i ai fuatbtuj jn ahs
jbsmæpuahs, y jbonrhg? Gh ns ousth qun ghshtrhs jnonfhs ai piaidri jn Jbhs, piri
snrvbr i ais fnsis. = Dusmij, puns, `nrfighs, jn ngtrn vhshtrhs i sbntn vir
virhgns
hgns jn
dung tnstbfhgbh, aanghs jna Nspærbtu ]igth y jn sidbjuræi, i qubngns ngmircunfhs
jn nstn tridioh. : R ghshtrhs pnrsbstbrnfhs ng ai hrimbýg y ng na fbgbstnrbh jn ai
 piaidri. > Icrijý ai prhpunsti i thji ai fuatbtuj5 y nabcbnrhg i Nstndig, virýg
aangh jn kn y jna Nspærbtu ]igth, i Knabpn, i \rýmhrh, i Gbmighr, i Zbfýg, i
\irfngis, y i Gbmhaés
Gbmhaés prhsâabth Igtbhquæi5 ; i ahs muians prnsngtirhg igtn ahs
prhsâabth jn Igtbhquæi5
ipýsthans, qubngns, hrigjh, ans bfpusbnrhg ais fighs. 3 R mrnmæi ai piaidri jna
]nùhr, y na gÿfnrh jn ahs jbsmæpuahs sn fuatbpabmidi crigjnfngtn ng Onrusiaâg5
tifdbâg fum`hs jn ahs simnrjhtns hdnjnmæig i ai kn‖ (@m` ;?9-3).
;?9-3).

94; Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

\ >; Ng hmisbhgns, Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, phgci ah prbfnrh ng prbfnr aucir. Na pisthr tbngn qun nsmhcnr ngtrn
¸muéa ns ai jnmbsbýg qun ug jhs bgtnrnsns nspbrbtuians. Gh ns qun nsmhcn ngtrn ah dungh y ah fiah. Nsh snræi kémba.
aæjnr nspbrbtuia jndn thfir8
Baustrn.
\nrh mhfh ahs ipýsthans, iacugis vnmns na aæjnr jndn nsmhcnr ngtrn iyujir i ugis phmis
pnrshgis h prnpirir
prnpirir i ug cruph jn pnrshgis piri snrvbr. \hr nonfpah, ¸jndn ug pisthr
vbsbtir i ugi pnrshgi ngknrfi h prbfnrh nstujbir su snrfýg8
Jbhs aaifi i iacughs piri qun snig ipýsthans y i htrhs piri qun snig pisthrns.
\nrh ifdhs jndng phgnr ah prbfnrh ng prbfnr aucir. Ngthgmns, ng ais tirjns, phjræi
thfir iacÿg tbnfph piri vbsbtir pnrshgis y piri mhgsnonræi. \nrh muigth fés mrnzmi ai
mhgcrncimbýg, fés bfphrtigtn sn vunavn ai gnmnsbjij jn tngnr i htrhs qun mhfpirtig ai
fbgbstrimbýg i ai mhgcrncimbýg.
Na pisthr Tbm` ngkrngtidi ug prhdanfi. Ai mhgcrncimbýg qun âa pisthrnidi nstidi
mrnmbngjh imnanrijifngtn. ]n mhgvnrtæig fum`is pnrshgis gunvis. Na gÿfnrh jn ahs
jbsmæpuahs mrnmæi miji fns. Ai mhgcrncimbýg iufngtidi. \nrh ais rnsphgsidbabjijns jna
\ >3 ¸Yuâ prhdanfi
pisthr tifdbâg iufngtidig. ]u tridioh mhfngzý i jnspaizir su tbnfph jn hrimbýg y jn
ngkrngtidi na pisthr Tbm`8 nstujbh. Fuy prhgth, âa nstidi kitbcijh y sus nfhmbhgns sn snmirhg. ]u prnjbmimbýg
mirnmæi jna phjnr qun ugi vnz tuvh. Âa sidæi qun tngæi qun `imnr iach, ¸pnrh quâ8
\ >0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý \rbfnrh, na pisthr Tbm` tuvh qun ijfbtbr qun âa nri shaifngtn ug snr `ufigh. Gh
na pisthr Tbm` shdrn phjæi mudrbr thjh na fbgbstnrbh shah. Ngthgmns tngæi qun jnmbjbr quâ kun ah qun Jbhs ah
Kbabpngsns :?9=8
aaifý i `imnr, quâ jndæi jnoir qun htrhs `bmbnrig y quâ jnoir sbg `imnr. \iri na pisthr,
jnmbjbr quâ phjæi `imnr nri ah fés jbkæmba. Zhji ai vbji `idæi jnmairijh ai prhfnsi? ‑Zhjh
ah punjh ng Mrbsth qun fn khrtianmn‖ (Kba :?9=). I`hri tuvh qun ijfbtbr qun âa `idæi
usijh Kbabpngsns :?9= kunri jn mhgtnxth. Zhjh snr `ufigh tbngn abfbtimbhgns. \rhgth na
pisthr sn jbh mungti jn qun âa phjæi `imnr thjh ah qun Jbhs an `idæi aaifijh i `imnr.
Jbhs an jiræi ai khrtianzi piri `imnr nsis mhsis. \nrh, sb na pisthr iùijbnri htris mhsis,
tngjræi qun jnpngjnr jn su prhpbi kunrzi. R isæ hmurrn mhg thjhs ahs aæjnrns. Ghshtrhs
phjnfhs vbvbr ugi vbji mngtriji
mngtriji ng Jbhs h mngtriji ng ais gnmnsbjijns.
gnmnsbjijns. \hjnfhs tritir
jn `imnr thjh ah qun pirnmn snr dungh h phjnfhs pnrfbtbr qun Jbhs ghs cuæn.
Ai vbji jna pisthr Tbm` pirnmæi ugi snavi tupbji sbg nspimbh vimæh. @imæi iacugis
mhsis qun Jbhs ah `idæi aaifijh i `imnr. \nrh tifdbâg `idæi aangijh su vbji mhg htris
mhsis. Âa fbsfh sn `idæi isbcgijh mbnrtis aidhrns. Nstis aidhrns ijbmbhgians nrig mhfh ai
fiai `bnrdi ng ug oirjæg. \iri snr nknmtbvh y krumtæknrh nstn pisthr gnmnsbtidi ug izijýg.
\ >2 Ghfdrn muitrh Na pisthr Tbm` mhfngzý i prncugtirsn? ‑¸Yuâ tridiohs fn `i jijh Jbhs piri qun
immbhgns i ais qun Jbhs `i `ici8‖. Iacughs nrig mairhs. \hr nonfpah, su rnaimbýg mhg Onsÿs nri nsngmbia. ]b âa
aaifijh i miji pisthr.
gh mifbgidi jbirbifngtn mhg Jbhs, su fbgbstnrbh krimisiræi. Zifdbâg, Jbhs ah `idæi
aaifijh i snr ug dung nsphsh y ug dung pijrn. Gijbn fés phjræi aangir nsths rhans ng
ai vbji jna pisthr. R mhfh pisthr,
pisthr, âa tngæi htris rnsphgsidbabjijns. Âa gh phjæi isbcgiran
na fbgbstnrbh jn ai prnjbmimbýg i gijbn fés. Âa phjæi mhfpirtbr nstn fbgbstnrbh, pnrh
Jbhs ah `idæi aaifijh i prnjbmirans i ais pnrshgis. Âa nri rnsphgsidan phr nsth. Jbhs
an `idæi ngmircijh hrir phr su pundah. Âa tngjræi qun rngjbran mungtis i Jbhs. \nrh,
prhdidanfngtn, phjræi isbcgir
isbcgir fum`is htris aidhrns i htrhs mrnyngtns
mrnyngtns fijurhs.
D. Jbsmbnrgi ah qun Jbhs `i aaifijh i htrhs i `imnr.
\ ;< ¸Yuâ maisns jn Na pisthr Tbm` pngsý imnrmi jn nsth phr ug fhfngth. Ngthgmns jnmbjbý *jnancir, nsth
tridiohs punjng htrhs `imnr
ns, nfphjnrir i htrhs piri rniabzir tridiohs. Âa nsmhcbý i Nstndig piri qun supnrvbsiri
ng su mhgcrncimbýg8
ais rnpirimbhgns ng na tnfpah. Nstndig nri fuy tiangthsh ng nsti érni y tngæi ai mhgigzi
jna pisthr. Jnspuâs an isbcgý i ugi pirnoi jn nsphshs na mirch jn vbsbtir i ahs ngknrfhs.
Aunch na pisthr Tbm` ngtrngý i iacughs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg piri qun rnmbdbnrig
y siaujirig i ahs vbsbtigtns. Âa ngtrngý i htrhs piri qun hririg mhg ais pnrshgis ng na
iatir.. Mipimbtý i htrh cruph piri qun vbsbtiri i ahs gunvhs mhgvnrtbjhs ng sus `hcirns. R
iatir
ans ngsnùý i htrhs i jbsmbpuair i ahs gunvhs mhgvnrtbjhs y i snr sus fngthrns. Na pisthr
 nsmrbdbý ugi jnsmrbpmbýg jn ais aidhrns qun an `idæi jijh i miji pnrshgi y an `bzh aancir

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 943

ugi mhpbi i miji ugh piri qun ai rfiri y ai mhgsnrviri. Na pisthr Tbm` thjivæi nri
rnsphgsidan jn thjhs nsths jbknrngtns fbgbstnrbhs. \nrh i`hri ug cruph jn `hfdrns y
fuonrns tiangthshs y ugcbjhs ah iyujidig.
¡Tnmunrjn nsth! ]n jndng sitbskimnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn ais pnrshgis jn su mhgcrncimbýg.
\nrh na pisthr gh gnmnsbti snr na ÿgbmh qun ais sitbskici. I fnjbji qun ugi mhgcrncimbýg
mrnmn, na pisthr gh punjn snr na ÿgbmh qun imhgsnon. Zifphmh âa punjn snr na ÿgbmh qun
vbsbtn i ahs ngknrfhs. \irtn jn ai aidhr jn ug pisthr ns ‑pnrknmmbhgir i ahs sigths piri ai
hdri jna fbgbstnrbh, piri ai njbmimbýg jna munrph jn Mrbsth‖ (Nk :?94). Z Zifdbâg,
ifdbâg, \idah
ngkitbzý
qun, qungh
pisthr, ahsbgtngtn
fbnfdrhs jn aithjh
rniabzir mhgcrncimbýg, ‑snustnj
na fbgbstnrbh iyujig futuifngtn‖
fbsfh. ¡Mhfpirti(Nkna:?9;d). Isæ
fbgbstnrbh
mhg htrhs jna munrph jn Mrbsth!
Muigjh ustnj sn jâ mungti jn qun su aidhr fés bfphrtigtn ns hrir y nstujbir ai \ ;9 ^stnj sbnfprn
tngjré tbnfph, ¸piri quâ8
\iaidri jn Jbhs, tngjré qun prhcrifir tbnfph piri naah. ]idbh jbmn? ]bnfprn tngnfhs
tbnfph piri ah qun `imnfhs prbfnrh.
prbfnrh. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, ah bgstifhs i qun `ici jn ai
hrimbýg y jna nstujbh dædabmh ai prbfnri immbýg jn miji fiùigi. ]bci nstn mhgsnoh y su
rnmhfpngsi snré crigjn.
I ahs iuthrns jn nstn mursh ans custi anvigtirsn tnfprigh piri hrir y nstujbir. Ng ai
fiùigi, ai fngtn nsté jnsmigsiji y nstifhs abdrns jn ais prnhmupimbhgns qun aancirég
fés tirjn jurigtn na jæi. I vnmns, piri htrhs, ais `hris tnfprigis gh shg na fnohr
fhfngth piri na nstujbh. \nrh muiaqubnr tbnfph qun ustnj nsmhoi, jndn rnspntirah y gh
pnrfbtbr qun gijbn ah jbstribci.
jbstribci.
M. Nqubpn i su mhgcrncimbýg piri na snrvbmbh cubégjhai i nstujbir ug
tnxth jn Kn y Immbýg, prnjbmégjhah y ngsnùégjhah.
([âisn na abdrh jn ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg,
Immbýg, \rnjbqu
\rnjbqunn ai
\iaidri? @hfbaâtbmi 9, mipætuah 4, anmmbýg >, pugth @).
^g pisthr irfidi qun tngæi ug fâthjh nspbrbtuia \ ;4 ¸Muéa ns na fâthjh
piri sidnr quâ prnjbmir ng miji muath. \hjræifhs ‑hohs mnrrijhs‖ piri nsmhcnr
quâ prnjbmir8
rnknrbrghs i nstn fâthjh mhfh na fâthjh ‑hohs
mnrrijhs‖. ]n piridi igtn ai mhgcrncimbýg mhg ahs
hohs mnrrijhs y shstngæi ai Dbdabi mhg sus jhs fighs.
Ngthgmns, pnrfbtæi qun ai Dbdabi sn idrbnri y phgæi
na jnjh ng ugi jn ais pécbgis. Muigjh idræi ahs hohs,
¡prnjbmidi shdrn na tnxth ng na qun tngæi punsth na jnjh!
¡Yuâ tnrrbdan fâthjh! Hdsnrvn qun nstn pisthr gh
hdnjnmæi 4 Zbfhtnh :?9-4. ¡Âa gugmi nstidi prnpirijh
piri prnjbm
prnjbmir!
ir! ]b na fâ
fâthjh
thjh hohs mnrrijh
mnrrijhss ns fiah, ¸muéa
ns ug dung fâthjh piri paignir ug fngsion8
\ ;= ¸Jn quâ fignri utbabzir ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg punjn iyujirah i prnjbmir thjh na
mhgsnoh y ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs8 (@m` 4<?4;-43).
\aig jn prnjbmimbýg jn trns fnsns piri ngtrngir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg mhg ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg.
(Nstn paig sn punjn ioustir sncÿg na gÿfnrh jn snfigis jn miji fns)

(Fns) Ng󰁮r󰁨 (Iùh) 4<PP

Knm`i ]nrbn jhfbgch i. f. Knm`i ]nrbn jhfbgch p. f. Knm`i ]nrbn fbtij jn snfigi
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg 9 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg 9 @nm`hs, anmmbýg 9
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg 4 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg 4 @nm`hs, anmmbýg 4
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg = Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg = @nm`hs, anmmbýg =
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg : Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg : @nm`hs, anmmbýg :
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg > Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg > @nm`hs, anmmbýg >
Kbcuri :.2 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi
940 Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

\aig jn prnjbmimbýg jn trns fnsns piri ngtrngir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg mhg ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg.
(Nstn paig sn punjn ioustir sncÿg na gÿfnrh jn snfigis jn miji fns)

(Fns) K󰁮󰁤r􀁮r󰁨 (Iùh) 4<PP

Knm`i ]nrbn jhfbgch i. f. Knm`i ]nrbn jhfbgch p. f. Knm`i ]nrbn fbtij jn snfigi
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg ; Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg ; @nm`hs, anmmbýg ;
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg 3 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg 3 @nm`hs, anmmbýg 3
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg 0 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg 0 @nm`hs, anmmbýg 0
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn Mrbsth, anmmbýg 2 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, anmmbýg 2 @nm`hs, anmmbýg 2
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn
jn M
Mrrbsth, aan
nmmbýg 9
9<
< Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, an
anmmbýg 9
9<
< @nm`hs, an
anmmbýg 9
9<
<

(Fns) F󰁩r󰁿󰁨 (Iùh) 4<PP

[bji y ngsnùigzis jn
jn M
Mrrbsth, aan
nmmbýg 9
99
9 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, an
anmmbýg 9
999 @nm`hs, an
anmmbýg 9
99
9
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn
jn M
Mrrbsth, aan
nmmbýg 9
94
4 Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, an
anmmbýg 9
944 @nm`hs, an
anmmbýg 9
94
4
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn
jn M
Mrrbsth, aan
nmmbýg 9
9=
= Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, an
anmmbýg 9
9== @nm`hs, an
anmmbýg 9
9=
=
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn
jn M
Mrrbsth, aan
nmmbýg 9
9:
: Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, an
anmmbýg 9
9:: @nm`hs, an
anmmbýg 9
9:
:
[bji y ngsnùigzis jn
jn M
Mrrbsth, aan
nmmbýg 9
9>
> Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi, an
anmmbýg 9
9>> @nm`hs, an
anmmbýg 9
9>
>
Kbcuri :.2 Miangjirbh trbf trbfnstria
nstria jn p
prnjbmimbýg
rnjbmimbýg piri ngtrngir i ah ahss fbnfdrhs jn ai mhg
mhgcrncimbýg
crncimbýg
usigjh ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg.
Immbýg. Ahs aæjnrns qun usig ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg piri prnjbmir
thjh na mhgtngbjh jn ai Dbdabi punjng jnmbr mhfh \idah ia kgia jn sus jæis?
4;
‑\hr tigth, yh hs prhtnsth ng na jæi jn `hy, qun nsthy abfpbh jn ai sigcrn jn thjhs5 43 phrqun gh `n rn`ubjh
igugmbirhs thjh na mhgsnoh jn Jbhs‖ (@m` 4<?4;-43), jnsjn Câgnsbs `isti Iphmiabpsbs y jn ai I i ai _.
\ ;: ¸Mýfh punjng Jbhs ns na fnohr paigbmijhr
paigbmijhr.. Igtns jn qun ai tbnrri nxbstbnri, Âa paigný na sha, ai augi,
ahs aæjnrns snr mhfh Jbhs
ais nstrnaais y ahs paigntis. \aigný ai tbnrri, na fir y na mbnah, ahs érdhans, ai `bnrdi, ais
muigjh paigbkmig8
hrns, ais ivns, ahs pnmns, ahs igbfians y ahs snrns `ufighs y qun miji snr sn rnprhjuonri.
Âa paigný na jæi y ai ghm`n, ais nstimbhgns, ahs tbnfphs y ais udbmimbhgns jn ais gimbhgns
(@m` 93?4;). Jbhs gh jnoi giji ia izir. Âa paigbmi thjh, bgmaush ai vbji y ai funrtn, na
mbnah y na bgnrgh. \nrfbti qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ah cuæn i snr mhfh Jbhs. \aigbqun sus
fngsions ng snrbns. \hr nonfpah, miji pisthr phjræi prnjbmir ug mhgougth jn fngsions
shdrn na paig jn Jbhs piri nsphshs, nsphsis n `bohs. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, sb nstujbi na mursh
jn Kn y Immbýg ‑Fitrbfhgbh y kifbabi‖ ng na Bgstbtuth Dædabmh, sus nstujbhs phjræig
nstir fuy siturijhs. \nrh muigjh ustnj prnjbmi y ngsnùi usigjh nstn mursh ng ugi
mhgcrncimbýg h ng cruphs ng ais misis, tngjré tbnfph jn nstujbirah gunvifngtn mhg
miafi (curi :.2, mhaufgi mngtria). Zngci ng mungti ahs dngnmbhs jn igbfir i ahs
fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg i mhfprir nstn tnxth y i nstujbir mhg ustnj snfigi tris
snfigi i fnjbji qun ngsnùi usigjh na abdrh. ^stnj an ngsnùiré i su mhgcrncimbýg i
tngnr kifbabis kunrtns y nspbrbtuians. R ia fbsfh tbnfph, mipimbtiré piri na snrvbmbh i ahs
qun nstujbig mhg ustnj. \uns, i fnjbji qun nstujbig, naahs iprngjnrég fum`is vnrjijns
piri primtbmir y ngsnùérsnais i htrhs.
htrhs.
\ ;> ¸Muégths ^stnj gh punjn prnjbmir imnrmi jn ahs prhdanfis jn thjis ais pnrshgis ng ug shah
fngsions prnjbmi ug pisthr fngsion. \nrfbti qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ah cuæn piri qun ahs iyujn prbfnrh mhg ug
ng ug iùh8
prhdanfi. Ai sbcubngtn snfigi, iyÿjnahs mhg ug prhdanfi jbknrngtn. ]b prnjbmi trns
vnmns i ai snfigi, prnjbmiré ¡fés jn mbngth mbgmungti fngsions ng ug iùh! R ng jbnz
iùhs prnjbmiré fba qubgbngths fngsions. Ng muirngti iùhs, snbs fba fngsions. \aigbqun
jn tia fignri qun prnjbqun shdrn ai fiyhr pirtn jn ai Dbdabi. ]b ustnj gh paigbmi,
jiré ahs fbsfhs fngsions vnz tris vnz. Ngthgmns snré mhfh na pisthr qun iabfngtidi i
su mhgcrncimbýg shah mhg irrhz y krbohans ng miji mhfbji. ]b gh paigbmi, `idré tnfis
bfphrtigtns y abdrhs ngtnrhs jn ai Dbdabi jn ahs qun gugmi prnjbmiré. ^sn ai ]nrbn Kn y
Immbýg piri iyujirsn i nstujbir n bgvbtn i su mhgcrncimbýg i nstujbirai mhg ustnj. Jn
nsti fignri, ustnj punjn gutrbr i su mhgcrncimbýg mhg ugi jbnti nspbrbtuia nqubabdriji
y prnjbmir jn thji ai Dbdabi. Ia bgvbtir i su mhgcrncimbýg i mhfprir ug abdrh jn Kn y
Immbýg piri qun ah nstujbng mhg ustnj, ahs prnpiriré piri na snrvbmbh.

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 942

Aæjnr nspbrbtuia,
miptn ai vbsbýg jn bgvbtir i su mhgcrncimbýg i nstujbir mhg ustnj. \ ;; ¸\hr quâ fbans jn
Mhfÿgfngtn paignifhs qun gunstrhs gbùhs y oývngns nstujbng ng ai nsmunai. Nsth ns mrnyngtns gugmi nstujbig
thji ai Dbdabi gb jnsmudrng
dungh. \nrh muigjh ssnn triti jna abd
abdrh
rh fés bfphrtigtn jna fugjh
fugjh,, ai Dbdabi, pphr
hr ah cngnria mýfh punjng snrvbr8
ghs kiati ug paig piri qun ahs fbnfdrhs ah nstujbng ng ai mhgcrncimbýg. Iùh tris iùh,
fbnfdrhs nans jn ai mhgcrncimbýg shah aancig, sn sbngtig y nsmum`ig sbg nstujbir.
nstujbir. ¸\hr
quâ8 ¡\hrqun na aæjnr gh prnpirý ug paig piri ngtrngirahs piri na fbgbstnrbh!
@ici ug paig piri qun su mhgcrncimbýg nstujbn ahs murshs jn Kn y Immbýg fbngtris \ ;3 ¸Muéans shg ais
jhs rizhgns phr ais muians
ustnj ahs prnjbmi. Mipimætnahs piri qun ngsnùng nsths murshs ng ahs cruphs jn ais misis
ahs nstujbigtns jndng snr
y ng ais maisns jn ai Nsmunai Jhfbgbmia. ^stnj mufpabré mhg su rnsphgsidbabjij jn junùhs jn ahs abdrhs
iabfngtirahs yy,, ia fbsfh tbnfph, ngtrngirahs piri na snrvbmbh. \HT KI[HT `ici ug paig qun nstujbig8
piri qun miji ugh jn sus jbsmæpuahs mhfprn su prhpbh abdrh. ^g nstujbigtn sbg ug abdrh
piri nstujbir ns mhfh ug mbmabsti sbg dbmbmanti. Ahs nstujbigtns gnmnsbtig
gnmnsbtig sus abdrhs piri
rnpisir, jn fignri qun punjig ngsnùirans i htrhs ng ahs iùhs phstnrbhrns i sus nstujbhs.
Cuæn i su mhgcrncimbýg i nstujbir mhg ustnj y gugmi kiatirég hdrnrhs ng ai mhgcrncimbýg.
^stnj tngjré idugjigmbi jn finstrhs, jbémhghs, cunrrnrhs jn hrimbýg y htrhs hdrnrhs. Ais
kifbabis jn su mhgcrncimbýg sn khrtianmnrég. ]us fbnfdrhs snrég fés fijurhs, fés nans
y fés krumtæknrhs. ]u mhgcrncimbýg paigtiré fum`is bcansbis gunvis y Jbhs aaifiré i
iacughs i snr fbsbhgnrhs. R ug jæi Jbhs an jbré i ustnj? ‑Dbng `nm`h, sbnrvh dungh y na‖.
^g pisthr jn Mhahfdbi
tngæi trnsmbngths cruphs
ng ais misis ng ai fnci
bcansbi qun pisthrnidi. \ ;0 ¸Mýfh ngtrngý
Na Nspærbtu ]igth jbrbcbý ug aæjnr jn Mhahfdbi i ahs
i nstn pisthr i ngsnùir aæjnrns jn ahs cruphs jn
ais misis8
na abdrh jn Kn y Immbýg
‑@nm`hs jna Nspærbtu
]igth‖ i thjhs ahs aæjnrns
jn sus cruphs jn ais misis.
Miji ugh jn ahs trnsmbngths
aæjnrns mhfprý na abdrh.
Zhjis ais snfigis, na
pisthr ans ngsnùidi ugi
Kbcuri :.9<
:.9< Mnrtbkmijh jn kgia
kgiabzimbýg
bzimbýg piri ahs fbnfdrhs
jn ai mhgcrncimbýg qun nstujbirhg Thfighs y Céaitis
anmmbýg jna mursh jn
jn ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg. @nm`hs. Ngthgmns, ¡naahs
ai ngsnùidig ng sus
cruphs jn ais misis! ¸Muéa kun na rnsuatijh8 Na pisthr mipimbtý i trnsmbngths aæjnrns piri
qun ngsnùirig thjh na mursh shdrn @nm`hs. R miji ugh jn nsths aæjnrns sn `bzh fés kunrtn.
Âa gh sn prncugtidi quâ nstiræig ngsnùigjh naahs, ¡phrqun âa sidæi ah qun ngsnùidig!
Iacughs jn naahs mhfngzirhg i jnsmudrbr gunvhs jhgns nspbrbtuians ng su vbji. R ng ahs

cruphs jn ng
mrnyngtns aisahs
misis, fum`hs
cruphs jn aiskunrhg
misisdiutbzijhs ng na
sn khrtianmæig Nspærbtu ]igth.aancidig
nspbrbtuiafngtn, I fnjbji qunfés
i snr ahs
krumtæknrhs ng su tnstbfhgbh. Fum`is pnrshgis gunvis sn ugbnrhg i ai mhgcrncimbýg, jn
fignri qun na pisthr paigný iufngtir na gÿfnrh jn cruphs jn ais misis.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, su mhgcrncimbýg jbskrutiré nstujbir mhg ustnj. ]haifngtn nspnrig
qun ustnj ans funstrn ug paig y qun ahs bgvbtn i nstujbir
nstujbir..
Na pisthr Thg Mruf sbgtbý qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ah cubidi i prnjbmir shdrn na abdrh jn
Kn y Immbýg ‑Thfig
‑Thfighs Céaitis‖. Bgvbtý i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg i mhfprir
hs y Céaitis‖
na abdrh y i nstujbirah mhg âa thjhs ahs fbârmhans phr ai ghm`n jurigtn misb ug iùh. Mnrmi \ ;2 ¸Mýfh
rnsphgjbnrhg ahs fbnfdrhs jn
jn mbngth vnbgtn fbnfdrhs jn su mhgcrncimbýg imnptirhg ai bgvbtimbýg y mhfprirhg na ai mhgcrncimbýg i ai bgvbtimbýg
abdrh. ¸Muéa kun na rnsuatijh8 ¡Ahs fbnfdrhs sn jnsdhrjirhg jn iancræi! Aunch jna pisthr Thg i mhfprir ug
tnstbmirhg qun gugmi `idæig mhfprngjbjh tig dbng Thfighs y Céaitis. Ai vbji jn naahs abdrh y nstujbirah mhg âa8

9=< Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

sn aangý mhg ais Nsmrbturis. Ia gia jna iùh, na pisthr Thg paigný ugi mnandrimbýg y an
ngtrncý ug mnrtbmijh jn mhgmausbýg i miji ugh jn ahs mbngth vnbgtn fbnfdrhs qun
`idæig nstujbijh na mursh. Aunch naahs jbonrhg? ‑¡Nsth ns firivbaahsh! ¸Yuâ abdrh
nstujbirnfhs i mhgtbguimbýg8‖. Na sncugjh abdrh qun nstujbirhg kun ‑@nm`hs jna Nspærbtu
]igth‖.. Na tnrmnr iùh nstujbirhg ‑@ndrnhs‖. Na muirth iùh ‑Iphmiabpsbs y Jigbna‖. Nstn
]igth‖
iùh nstég nstujbigjh ‑Na Nvigcnabh jn Ouig‖.
Ouig‖. Nsths mrnyngtns nstég ngtusbisfijhs phr
ai hphrtugbjij jn nstujbir ougth mhg su pisthr
pisthr.. Bficægnsn i muégths htrhs ans nstég naahs
\ 3< ¸Zbngn
ngsnùigjh i fnjbji qun iprngjng snfigi tris snfigi. Miji abdrh jn Kn y Immbýg ns
ustnj fbnfdrhs ng su
mhgcrncimbýg i qubngns ans bgjnpngjbngtn jn htrhs, phr ah muia ahs mrnyngtns punjng nstujbirahs ng muiaqubnr hrjng.
custiræi nstujbir mhg ustnj
y hdtngnr nstn mnrtbmijh8
(curi :.99).

Kbcuri :.99
Mnrtbmijh jn Kn
y Immbýg phr ahs
nstujbhs jna Gunvh
Znstifngth piri
ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai
mhgcrncimbýg qun
ug aæjnr mipimbti
piri na snrvbmbh.

J. Hrn sbnfprn y sbci ai cuæi jna Nspærbtu ]igth ]igth..

\ 39 ¸Yubâg jndn Ns dungh paignir ais ngsnùigzis y ahs snrfhgns. \nrh gunstrhs paigns jndng snr tig
jbrbcbrghs i fnjbji qun
suivns mhfh ugi irmbaai fhajnidan, gh jurhs mhfh na `bnrrh. Jndnfhs pnrfbtbr qun na
paignifhs mýfh mipimbtir
mipimbtir i
ai mhgcrncimbýg piri snrvbr8 Nspærbtu ]igth ghs jbrboi fbngtris paigbmifhs. Ng ugi hmisbýg, \idah paigný ngtrir i
Dbtbgbi, pnrh na Nspærbtu ]igth gh an pnrfbtbý br iaaé. Ng su aucir, na Nspærbtu ]igth cubý
i \idah `imbi Fimnjhgbi. Ai paigbmimbýg ns dungi sb pnrfbtbfhs qun na Nspærbtu ]igth
ghs cuæn thjh na tbnfph.
\ 34 ¸Yuâ jndn `imnr ¸^g pisthr jndnræi nstir jbspunsth i prnjbmir ug snrfýg jbknrngtn ia qun `idæi paignijh8
ugjbrbcn
ah aæjnr sb na Nspærbtu ]igth
i bgtnrrufpbr ugi ¡]æ, sbnfprn! ]uphgcifhs qun ug pisthr sn ngmungtri ng fnjbh jn ugi snrbn muigjh surcn
snrbn y prnjbmir shdrn iacugi ug prhdanfi ng ai mhgcrncimbýg. Na Nspærbtu ]igth punjn mhgjumbrah i bgtnrrufpbr ai snrbn
gnmnsbjij urcngtn8 phr ug pnrbhj
pnrbhjhh jn tbnfph. Na pisth
pisthrr phjræ
phjræii prnjb
prnjbmir
mir imnrmi jn nsti gnmnsbjij h jn nstn
prhdanfi
prhda nfi ur
urcngtn
cngtn.. \hst
\hstnrbhrfn
nrbhrfngtn,
gtn, âa phjræ
phjræii rnigu
rnigujir
jir ai snrbn jjnn prnjb
prnjbmimbýg
mimbýg..
Na fbgbstrh Dnrgirjh Oh`gshg prnjbmidi ng rnugbhgns nvigcnaæstbmis phr thjh Drisba,
krnmungtnfngtn ng nghrfns nstijbhs jn kutdha. ^gi ghm`n jurigtn ugi crig rnugbýg, âa
\ 3= ¸Mýfh rnsphgjbý na
gh sidæi quâ fngsion qunræi na ]nùhr qun prnjbmiri. Nsth nri bgusuia phrqun `idæi
nvigcnabsti Oh`gshg muigjh pisijh fum`is `hris ng na nstujbh jn ai \iaidri, ng hrimbýg y ng iyugh piri rnmbdbr
na Nspærbtu ]igth ah bgspbrý i jbrnmmbýg jn Jbhs, mhfh nri su mhstufdrn. Iug isæ, nsi ghm`n âa gh rnmbdbý gbgcugi
mifdbir su fngsion8 ¸Muéa jbrnmmbýg mairi jn pirtn jn Jbhs. Aancý na fhfngth jn prnjbmirans i ais fuatbtujns qun
kun na rnsuatijh8
aangidig ais crijis jna mhabsnh jnphrtbvh jurigtn na muath. Ng nsn fhfngth, na Nspærbtu

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 9=9

]igth ah bgspbrý i qun bgbmbiri su prnjbmimbýg mhg ai girrimbýg jn ai `bsthrbi jn jhs

fbaicrhs qun Onsÿs rniabzý ng ai tbnrri, mhfngzigjh mhg na mbnch Dirtbfnh i ai ngtriji
jn ai mbujij jn Onrbmý. Fbngtris prnjbmidi, ugi fuonr mbnci qun nstidi ng ai pirtn
supnrbhr jn ais crijis rnmbdbý sigbjij. Naai bgfnjbitifngtn jbh su tnstbfhgbh, ah qun
fhtbvý i mngtngirns jn pnrshgis i imnptir i Onsumrbsth mhfh su ]iavijhr y fum`hs htrhs
\ 3: Ai fiyhræi jn ais
rnmbdbnrhg fbaicrhs, abdnrimbhgns y sigbjijns nsi ghm`n. > vnmns, ¸na Nspærbtu ]igth
Na Nspærbtu ]igth ah mipimbtiré piri paigbmir sus fngsions mhg igtbmbpimbýg ai ah iyuji i paigbmir ahs
fiyhræi jn ais vnmns. \nrh sbnfprn nstâ jbspunsth i qun ah cuæn ng ai jbrnmmbýg qun fngsions qun prnjbmi
y ngsnùi8
Âa nsmhoi.

Anmmbýg Zridioh,, nonrmbmbh, jbnti, rnphsh y rnmrnimbýg.

Zridioh
Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun Jbhs qubnrn qun snifhs hdrnrhs nans.
 92 Hdontbvh M?
Hdontbvh
Tnsufbr ai bfphrtigmbi jna nonrmbmbh y ai jbnti ng ai vbji jn ug aæjnr.
D? Bjngtbmir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun ahs aæjnrns jndng cuirjir na jæi jn rnphsh n baustrirais.

I. Ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs piri ghshtrhs bgma

bgmauyn
uyn tridioir jnsjn na Njâg
`isti na mbnah.
Jbhs ghs aaifi i mrnmnr ng rnsphgsidbabjij
rnsphgs idbabjij pnrshgia (9 Znsiahgbmngsns :?99-94). Ng \ 3> Ng 9 y 4
su prbfnri npæsthai i ahs Znsiahgbmngsns, jnspuâs jn fum`is piaidris jn iaidigzi y Znsiahgbmngsns, ¸quâ
mhgsnoh nsmrbdn \idah imnrmi
iabngth, \idah, mhg fum`i jbpahfimbi, thmý ahs prhdanfis jn m`bsfns, `iricignræi y jn ahs mrnyngtns hmbhshs
hmbhsbjij. Âa nsmrbdbý? y pnrnzhshs8
99
‑…qun prhmurâbs tngnr trigqubabjij, y hmupirhs ng vunstrhs gnchmbhs, y
tridioir mhg vunstris fighs jn ai fignri qun hs `nfhs figjijh, 94 i g jn qun
hs mhgjuzmébs `hgrijifngtn piri mhg ahs jn ikunri, y gh tngcébs gnmnsbjij jn
giji‖ (9 Zs :?99-94).
:?99-94).
\idah mhgtristi i ahs m`bsfhshs mhg ahs qun sn hmupig jn sus prhpbhs gnchmbhs. Âa
mhgtristi i ahs pnrnzhshs mhg ahs qun tridioig mhg sus prhpbis fighs. Yubzés iacughs
sn ngkhmidig tigth ng ahs isugths jna g jn ahs tbnfphs, tians mhfh na igtbmrbsth y na
rncrnsh jna ]nùhr, qun tridioidig miji vnz fnghs y `idaidig fés y fés. \idah triti
nsths prhdanfis jn nspnmuaimbhgns, m`bsfns y `hacizignræi ng su prbfnri npæsthai i
ahs Znsiahgbmngsns.
\nrh ughs fnsns jnspuâs, nsths prhdanfis kunrhg pnhrns. Ng su sncugji mirti i ahs
mrnyngtns jn Znsiaýgbmi, ais piaidris jn \idah shdrn nsths tnfis kunrhg fés kunrtns
y idugjigtns?
; ‑\nrh hs hrjngifhs, `nrfighs, ng na ghfdrn jn gunstrh ]nùhr Onsumrbsth,
qun hs ipirtâbs jn thjh `nrfigh qun igjn jnshrjngijifngtn, y gh sncÿg ai
ngsnùigzi qun rnmbdbstnbs jn ghshtrhs. 3 \hrqu
\hrqunn vhshtrhs
vhshtrhs fbsfhs sidâbs jn
quâ fignri jndâbs bfbtirghs5 puns ghshtrhs gh igjuvbfhs
jnshrjngijifngtn ngtrn vhshtrhs, 0 gb mhfbfhs jn diajn na pig
jn gijbn, sbgh qun tridioifhs mhg ikég y kitbci jæi y ghm`n,
2
piri gh snr crivhshs
gh tuvbâsnfhs jnrnm`h, isbgh
gbgcugh jn vhshtrh
phr jirhs vhshtrhs5s5 fbsfhs
ghshtrhs gh phrqun
ug
nonfpah piri qun ghs bfbtisnbs. \hrqu
9<
\hrqunn tifdbâg muigjh
nstédifhs mhg vhshtrhs, hs hrjngédifhs nsth? ]b iacugh gh
qubnrn tridioir, tifphmh mhfi. 99 \hrqun hæfhs qun iacughs
jn ngtrn vhshtrhs igjig jnshrjngijifngtn, gh tridioigjh ng
giji, sbgh ngtrnfntbâgjhsn ng ah iongh. 94 I ahs tians
tians figjifhs
y nx`hrtifhs phr gunstrh ]nùhr Onsumrbsth, qun tridioigjh Kbcuri :.94
shsncijifngtn, mhfig su prhpbh pig. 9= R vhshtrhs, `nrfighs, Ahs pioirbths sn phsig ng sus gbjhs mhg na pbmh
gh hs migsâbs jn `imnr dbng‖ (4 Zs =?;-9=).
=?;-9=). idbnrth pbigjh piri qun iacubng ahs iabfngtn.

9=4 Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

\ 3; ¸Ng quâ sn Ahs pioirbths y ahs dndâs gimng mhg ai dhmi idbnrti y aahrig piri pnjbr iabfngth.
pirnmng ahs mrbstbighs
mrbstbighs rnmbâg \hmh i phmh, vig mrnmbngjh y iprngjng i isufbr sus rnsphgsidbabjijns. Bgmaush ahs
mhgvnrtbjhs i ahs gbùhs gbùhs pnqunùhs mhfbngzig i iprngjnr sus rnsphgsidbabjijns i fnjbji qun rnmhcng,
pnqunùhs8
abfpbig, `imng hmbhs, nstujbig y rniabzig pnqunùis aidhrns mhfdbgijis mhg ounchs.
\ 33 ¸Muéans shg Ahs gbùhs fiyhrns iprngjng `idbabjijns jn rnsphgsidbabjij muigjh iabfngtig, iyujig
iacugis jbknrngmbis ngtrn h mircig i sus `nrfigbths fés pnqunùhs. Ns ugi tricnjbi vnr oývngns y ijuaths oývngns
ug mrnyngtn brrnsphgsidan
y ug mrnyngtn fijurh y n bgmaush ijuaths jn fés njij qun shg brrnsphgsidans. Ia bcuia qun ahs dndâs jn mugi,
rnsphgsidan ng na `hcir, ng nsths pbngsig shah ng naahs fbsfhs. \nrh ns iach `nrfhsh vnr i ug gbùh mhgvnrtbrsn ng
ai mhgcrncimbýg y ng ug ijuath rnsphgsidan ng na `hcir, ng ai mhgcrncimbýg y ng ai mhfugbjij. Na mrbstbigbsfh
ai mhfugbjij8 ngsnùi na tridioh irjuh, na pich jn gunstris prhpbis mungtis, iyujir i ai bcansbi i picir
sus kimturis y i cigir ah sumbngtn piri mhfpirtbr mhg ahs gnmnsbtijhs.
\ 30 ¸Mýfh punjn \idah bgsti i ahs mrnyngtns i mrnmnr ng ai rnsphgsidbabjij jna tridioh phr jhs
ustnj hdtngnr bgungmbi y rizhgns? \iri qun ng su vbji jbirbi punjig cigirsn na rnspnth jn ai cngtn jn
rnspnth8 Baustrn.
ikunri y piri qun gh jnpngjig jn gijbn (9 Zs :?94). Mhgsbjnrnfhs miji ugi jn
nstis rizhgns drnvnfngtn.
\ 32 ¸Yuâ phrmngtion 9. Ai rnsphgsidbabjij ns ug pungtn `imbi ug tnstbfhgbh krumtæknrh. Na rnspnth jn
tnstbfhgbh
jn ais pnrshgis jn su
ahs jnfés gh ns iuthfétbmh. Na rnspnth ns iach qun jndnfhs fnrnmnr h cigir. \hr ah
mhgcrncimbýg shg fbnfdrhs
rnsphgsidans y mhgidans8 cngnria, jndnfhs cigirghs na rnspnth jn ai cngtn jn ikunri igtns jn phjnr cigir su
 mhrizýg piri Mrbsth. Ais pnrshgis hdsnrvig qubâgns tridioig jurh ng misi y iyujig
i htrhs. Nsmum`ig jn ai dungi rnputimbýg jn ahs qun picig sus mungtis. Ahs vnmbghs
sn jig mungti jn qubâg sn prnhmupi phr ahs jnfés y jn qubâg tbngng mubjijh shah jn
sæ fbsfh.
Oibfn y Iabmbi nrig mrnyngtns ngtusbistis ng ai mhgcrncimbýg muigjh isbstæig. \nrh
naahs gh picidig jbnzfhs gb hkrngjis cngnrhsis. Tnmbdæig, pnrh gh jidig. Nrig ug
jâdbth fés qun ug mrâjbth. ]b `idæi ugi mhfbji h ug nvngth nspnmbia, sn prnsngtidig
piri jbskrutirah,
jbskrutirah, fis gh piri iyujir i paignirah gb i prnpirirah. Muigjh ai mhgcrncimbýg
hrcigbzidi ug jæi jn tridioh jn muiaqubnr ægjhan, Oibfn y Iabmbi gugmi sn prnsngtidig.
Ai mhgcrncimbýg gh phjæi mhgtir mhg naahs piri ngsnùir ugi maisn gb piri iyujir ng
muiaqubnri jn ahs fum`hs jndnrns gnmnsirbhs piri ug dung kugmbhgifbngth jn ai bcansbi.
Jn `nm`h, sb thjhs ng ai mhgcrncimbýg `udbnrig sbjh mhfh Oibfn y Iabmbi, gb sbqubnri
`idræi nxbstbjh ai mhgcrncimbýg. \nrh ikhrtugijifngtn, `idæi virbis kifbabis nans y
rnsphgsidans, qun tridioidig jurh y `imæig phsbdan qun nxbstbnri ugi mhgcrncimbýg mhg
dungi rnputimbýg. Oibfn y Iabmbi nrig mhfh ahs mrnyngtns bgfijurhs jn Znsiaýgbmi qun
gnmnsbtidig mrnmnr. Naahs qunræig mhfnr kæsbmi y nspbrbtuiafngtn sbg tridioir (4 Zs =?9<).
Na pisthr Tigjy iprngjbý na viahr jna tridioh jurh i ugi tnfprigi njij. Tigjy tngæi
shaifngtn qubgmn iùhs muigjh ug fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi ah bgvbtý i iyujir i paigtir ugi
bcansbi. \irnmæi nfhmbhgigtn, isæ qun Tigjy imnptý. Ia ifignmnr jna jæi sbcubngtn
\ 0< ¸Muégth jna mhfngzirhg i mivir ahs mbfbngths. Ai nxmivimbýg thfý virbhs jæis. Aunch mhfngzirhg
abjnrizch ns bgspbrimbýg y i fnzmair na mnfngth y i mhahmir ahs dahquns. Ia midh jn ugis phmis snfigis, yi `idæig
muégth ns trigspbrimbýg8 mhgstrubjh ais pirnjns y nstidig tnm`igjh na njbmbh. Mhgstruynrhg ais digmis y pbgtirhg
Nxpabqun.
ais pirnjns. I ah airch jn thjh nstn nxtnguigtn tridioh, hridig piri qun Jbhs dngjbonri
sus nskunrzhs y ahs iyujiri. Jurigtn ahs sbcubngtns fnsns, naahs vbsbtirhg misi phr misi
i thji ai mhfugbjij. Ia gia jna prbfnr iùh, virbis pnrshgis `idæig aancijh i Mrbsth y
ugi pnqunùi mhgcrncimbýg mhfngzidi i mrnmnr. Z Zhjh
hjh ns phsbdan piri iqunaahs qun mrnng
y nstég jbspunsths i tridioir. ]idbh jbmn? ‑Jhgjnqubnri qun `iyi mhsnm`i, prbfnrh
iacubng tuvh qun abfpbir y irir na tnrrngh y snfdrir ai snfbaai‖. Na tridioh jurh ns
gnmnsirbh, bgmaush sb jnpngjnfhs jn Jbhs piri na tnrrngh, ai snfbaai, ai aauvbi y na crigh.
Ifýs nri ug nstujbigtn jna Bgstbtuth Dædabmh qun nspnridi qun ugi mhgcrncimbýg
\ 09 ¸Ns su imtbtuj ahmia an hkrnmbnri ug punsth muigjh sn crijuiri h an iyujiri i mhfngzir ugi gunvi
`imbi na tridioh pirnmbji i ai mhgcrncimbýg. Isæ qun, âa isbstæi i ahs muaths y sn hkrnmbý mhfh vhaugtirbh piri iyujir
jn Tigjy h i ai jn Ifýs8 jn vnz ng muigjh. Na pisthr Ouig gh an jboh fum`h i Ifýs, pnrh ah hdsnrvidi jnsjn ai

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 9==

jbstigmbi. Na pisthr Ouig pujh vnr qun Ifýs nri drbaaigtn y tiangthsh. Âa vbh qun Ifýs
prhgth
muigjh fhstrý su mhrizýggnmnsbtidi
ai mhgcrncimbýg jn sbnrvhiyuji
ng aismhg
pnqunùis aidhrns
tirnis fés qun nrig
jbkæmbans, kémbans.
Ifýs \nrh
gh nstidi
jbspunsth i snrvbr.
snrvbr. ¸^stnj mrnn qun na \isthr Ouig an iyujý i Ifýs i paigtir ugi gunvi
mhgcrncimbýg8 Nxpabqun.
rnsphgsidan ghs mipimbti piri gh jnpngjnr jn htrhs. ^gi
4. Zridioir y snr rnsphgsidan \ 04 ¸Mýfh ns ugi
dungi âtbmi jn tridioh ng
nsphgoi sn mhghmn phr idshrdnr thjh ah qun nsté i su iarnjnjhr. Jn bcuia fignri,
su muaturi8
ahs pirésbths sn ij`bnrng i hrcigbsfhs siaujidans y ans idshrdng ai vbji. Ng
sbstnfis jn dngnmngmbi punjng nxbstbr pnrshgis qun vbvng mhfh nsphgois h \ 0= ¸Ns ustnj pirtn
pirésbths
piré sbths,, sbnfprn jbsp
jbspunsth
unsthss i rnmb
rnmbdbr
dbr iach sbg aancir i tngnr fÿsm
fÿsmuahs
uahs ijhah
ijhahrbjhs
rbjhs,, jna prhdanfi h pirtn jn ai
shaumbýg ng na `hcir, ng
gb pbns migsijhs gb nspiaji aistbfiji.
aistbf iji. Z Zians
ians pnrshgis qubnrn
qubnrngg iabfngths, iadnrcun ai mhgcrncimbýg y ng ai
y jbgnrh sbg sujir, sbg miaahs y sbg ifphaais. \nrshgis mhfh nstis mirnmng jn mhfugbjij8 Nxpabqun.
rnspnth prhpbh y jn rnspnth phr ahs jnfés. Ng ai mhgcrncimbýg, ugi pnrshgi
pnrnzhsi
pnrn zhsi an ji ugi fia
fiaii kifi ia nvig
nvigcnabh
cnabh.. \hr na mhgtr
mhgtrirbh,
irbh, na pai
paigg jn Jbhs ns qun
ahs aæjnrns y sus jbsmæpuahs sn cigng su prhpbh pig. Ahs immbjngtns, ahs jnsistrns

yugi
aisrizýg
mbrmugstigmbis bfpbjng
dædabmi piri qun iacughs
ai mirbjij tridiong. \nrh
y ai mhfpisbýg. Nsths,aitiaDbdabi
vnz prhphrmbhgng
fngmbhgi ai
pnrnzi
pnrn zi mmhfh
hfh ug ngnfb
n gnfbch
ch jna
jn a mrbstbi
mr bstbigbsfh
gbsfh..
]idbh jbmn? ‑^gi fngtn hmbhsi y ugis fighs hmbhsis shg ais `nrrifbngtis jna jbidah‖.
Aanvn ugi ousti phrmbýg jn ai mirci jna `hcir, jn ai mhgcrncimbýg y jn ai mhfugbjij.
D. Ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs piri ghshtrhs ns qun snifhs sidbhs sidbhs mhg na
nonrmbmbh y ai iabfngtimbýg.
Na nonrmbmbh ns bfphrtigtn. \idah an jboh i Zbfhtnh qun ‑na nonrmbmbh mhrphria piri \ 0: Ng ahs jæis jn
phmh ns prhvnm`hs
prhvnm`hsh‖h‖ (9 Zb :?0). Ng ahs tbnfphs jna ipýstha \idah y ng su mhgtnxth, \idah, ¸phr quâ gh `idæi
gnmnsbjij jn ngkitbzir na
nxbstæi ug âgkisbs nxtrnfh jn iacughs ng na ngtrngifbngth kæsbmh y na nonrmbmbh mhrphria. nonrmbmbh kæsbmh8
Ai piaidri crbnci piri ngtrngifbngth ng 9 Zbfhtnh :.0 ns cyfgizh
cyfgizh.. Ahs itantis sn
ngkhmig ng rncais nstrbmtis piri na munrph, fbngtris sn prnpirig piri nvngths y
mhfpntngmbis itaâtbmis. \idah triti jn ianoir i Zbfhtnh jn ngkhmirsn jnfisbijh ng na
nonrmbmbh nxtrnfh piri na munrph, mhfh ah `imæig ahs itantis piri ais mirrnris crbncis
y ng ais habfpbijis igtbcuis.
\nrh tngci prnsngtn qun na nonrmbmbh kæsbmh nri ug ispnmth mhfÿg jna jbirbh vbvbr
ng ahs jæis jn \idah. Gh tngæig iuthfývbans, dbmbmantis, iuthdusns, trngns gb ivbhgns
ng ahs tbnfphs dædabmhs. Fés dbng, ais pnrshgis prbgmbpiafngtn mifbgidig i thjis
pirtns.
pirt ns. Tnm
Tnmunrjn
unrjn qu
qunn ng su sncugjh vbio
vbionn fbsbhg
fbsbhgnrh,
nrh, \i
\idah
dah mifb
mifbgý
gý jbirb
jbirbifng
ifngtn
tn mnrmi
jn trnbgti y jhs ebaýfntrhs phr fum`hs jæis. Ai jbstigmbi thtia qun \idah mifbgý ng
;

su sncugjh vbion fbsbhgnrh kun phr ah fnghs 94;< ebaýfntrhs. 3 I jbknrngmbi jn fum`hs
na jæi jn `hy, \idah gh gnmnsbtidi ug paig jn nonrmbmbhs jbirbhs. Mifbgir nri pirtn jn ai
vbji jbirbi. \ 0> ¸\hr quâ ahs
aæjnrns nspbrbtuians gnmnsbtig
\hr na mhgtrirbh, ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians gnmnsbtig paignir sus nonrmbmbhs jbirbhs. ]b ug paig jn nonrmbmbhs kæsbmhs8
gh, punjng sukrbr jn shdrnpnsh, kiati jn ngnrcæi y jnsmubjh. \iri snr dunghs
ijfbgbstrijhrns jn gunstrh munrph, jndnfhs figtngnrghs ng khrfi kæsbmifngtn. Ahs \ 0; ¸Muégth
fâjbmhs rnmhfbngjig jn vnbgtn i trnbgti fbguths jn nonrmbmbh miji jæi, mhfh mifbgir, nonrmbmbh, tia mhfh mifbgir,
rnmhfbngjig ahs fâjbmhs
gijir, `imnr inrýdbmhs h fhgtir ng dbmbmanti. @imnr nonrmbmbhs jbirbhs ns fés nspbrbtuia piri miji jæi8
jn ah qun fum`hs mrnng. \iri pngsir mhg mairbjij, vbvbr ianrti y vbvbr phr airch tbnfph,
ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians gnmnsbtig figtngnr su munrph ng khrfi. ]idbh jbmn? ‑Mubjn su
munrph. Ns na ÿgbmh qun tbngn piri vbvbr ng ai tbnrri‖. ]ni ug aæjnr nonfpair piri ahs qun
sbcung sus `unaais. Fum`hs sncubrég na nonfpah qun ustnj ans jâ.
Fum`hs mrnyngtns, mhfh na iuthr jn nstn mursh, mhfdbgig nonrmbmbh, hrimbýg \ 03 ¸Muéa ns ug dung
paig piri mhfdbgir nonrmbmbh
nonrmbmbh
y ijhrimbýg. Naahs hrig h nsmum`ig mégtbmhs jn iaidigzi jbirbifngtn fbngtris
y hrimbýg8
mifbgig phr trnbgti fbguths h fés.

9=: Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

\ 00 ¸Muéans shg Ai iabfngtimbýg ns ug tnfi nspbrbtuia. Ng iacugis pirtns jna fugjh, ais pnrshgis
iacugis rizhgns phr ais sukrng phr fiai iabfngtimbýg. Jhgjn ai cngtn ns phdrn, h na trigsphrtn ns jbkæmba, ais
muians ais pnrshgis sukrng
phr ugi fiai iabfngtimbýg8
iabfngtimbýg8 pnrshgis punjngymirnmnr
`unvhs, gunmns mirgn)5jnh vncntians
ans punjnykiatir
jn iabfngths rbmhs ngqun
ai kruti krnsmi prhtnægis (krbohans,
Jbhs mrný anm`n,
piri qun ai
jbskrutnfhs y pnrfignzmifhs sighs. \nrh iacugis pnrshgis sukrng phr su iabfngtimbýg
phrqun thfig fiais jnmbsbhgns.
jnmbsbhgns.
\ 02 ¸Muéans shg Iacughs tbngng shdrnpnsh jndbjh i ug jnsnqubabdrbh
iacughs nonfpahs jn ugi *`hrfhgis h ‑fntidhabsfh‖. Ais pnrshgis qun
ng sus *`hrfhgis
jbnti phmh siaujidan8
gh shg siaujidans phr rizhgns fâjbmis h cngâtbmis
\ 2< Jhgjn ustnj vbvn, gnmnsbtig iyuji jn ug fâjbmh. \nrh ais fuatbtujns
¸ai fiyhræi jn pnrshgis nstég ngknrfis phrqun dndng jnfisbijhs rnkrnsmhs,
mhgsufn iabfngths mhfng fum`hs juamns, an nm`ig izÿmir ng nxmnsh
siaujidans8 i su tâ h mikâ, mhgsufng jnfisbijhs mirdh`bjriths
(mhfh pig y pipis) h mhfng idugjigtns iabfngths
gh siaujidans mhfh pbzzi, `ifdurcunsis h phaah
krbth. ¡Mhfi fés vncntians!

ahs Na pisthr Oufdh

pnrjbjhs. Âa y sunri mhghmbjh phrpaigtirhg
mhgcrncimbýg su ifhr phr
fés ¡Mhfi fé
jn trnbgti bcansbis. \nrh tifdbâg nri mhghmbjh phr su
s
vncntians
\ 29 ¸Yuâ fitý ia ifhr phr na tâ mhg ug fhgtýg jn izÿmir. Na fâjbmh an `idæi !
pisthr Oufdh8 ¸\hr quâ ijvnrtbjh qun na nxmnsh jn izÿmir nri mhfh vngngh piri su
kun ugi tricnjbi su Kbcuri :.9=
tnfprigi funrtn8
munrph. \nrh na pisthr gh pnrfbtbý qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ah ¡Mhfi fés vncntians!
iyujiri i mhgtrhair su jbnti. ¸Muéa kun na rnsuatijh8 Nstn
ifijh pisthr furbý i ai njij jn mbgmungti iùhs. ]b `udbnri vbvbjh fés, phjræi `idnr
paigtijh fum`is gunvis
gunvi s mhgcrncimbhgns.
mhgcrncimbhgns . Nspnrifhs vnr i nstn pisthr ng na mbnah. \nrh
¸muégtis pnrshgis fés nstiræig ng na mbnah sb na pisthr `udbnri vbvbjh ughs muigths
iùhs fés8
\ 24 Jhgjn ustnj Ng iacugis gimbhgns, ¡ugi pnrshgi prhfnjbh mhgsufn fés jn snsngti y hm`h ebahs
vbvn, ¸ais pnrshgis mhfng
jn izÿmir h sus jnrbvijhs phr iùh! Nsh ns ebah y fnjbh phr snfigi, ah qun rnprnsngti
jnfisbiji izÿmir8 Nxpabqun.
snbs vnmns ai migtbjij jn izÿmir qun ugi pnrshgi prhfnjbh gnmnsbti. 0 Iqunaahs qun
tbngng ugi fiai iabfngtimbýg, ngmungtrig jbkæmba snr dunghs ijfbgbstrijhrns jna munrph
qun Jbhs ans `i jijh. Iacughs sn vunavng hdnshs y mhg phmi ngnrcæi. Htrhs jnsirrhaaig
jhangmbis y ngknrfnjijns phr su jnmbngtn iabfngtimbýg.
\ 2= ¸Muégti izÿmir Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, mubjn dbng jna munrph qun Jbhs an `i jijh sbngjh sidbh ia mhfnr.
`iy ng ugi mhmi mhai8 ]ni ug dung nonfpah piri ahs gbùhs, ahs oývngns y ahs ijuaths qun ah sbcung. Gh mhgsufi
\ 2: ¸Mýfh punjn ug fum`is dndbjis izumirijis, mhfh rnkrnsmhs y ouchs. Nvbtn ai fiyhræi jn ahs rnkrnsmhs,
aæjnr snr sidbh ng ai fignri mhfh ai mhmi mhai, phrqun nsths mhgtbngng muirngti crifhs jn izÿmir qun ah aanvig phr ai
qun mhfn8 jbrnmmbýg hpunsti i ai jn ai siauj. Bgtngtn gh dndnr fés jn ug rnkrnsmh phr snfigi. R ug
ughh
shah phr fns ns iÿg ugi fnohr iatnrgitbvi. Dndi na icui qun Jbhs ghs jbh ng aucir jn ais
dndbjis izumirijis qun ai cngtn vngjn piri cigir jbgnrh y vhavnrah ijbmth i ustnj. Gh
an icrncun izÿmir ia icui gb ia tâ. ]
]hah
hah mhfi ugi pnqunùi phrmbýg jn chahsbgis, juamns,
ciaantis, pistnans h `naijhs. Ng mifdbh, mhfi ai kruti krnsmi qun Jbhs mrný piri na `unrth
jna Njâg. Nvbtn ais krutis ngaitijis ng iafædir h ais krutis snmis qun ahs vngjnjhrns
rhmæig mhg izÿmir. @idbtÿnsn i jbskrutir ahs iabfngths siaujidans. \nrfbti qun na Nspærbtu
]igth, gh ai mirgn, ah cuæn ng ah qun phgn ng su dhmi. Cahrbqun i Jbhs ng su munrph, na
muia an pnrtngnmn ia ]nùhr (9 Mh ;?94-4<).
\ 2> ¸I quâ sn rnnrng iacughs mhg na ‑iyugh jn Jigbna‖8 ¸]n dngnmbiræi ustnj nvbtigjh
mhfnr iacughs iabfngths phr ughs muigths jæis8 Nxpabqun.

Jigbna nvbtý mhgsufbr mbnrths iabfngths phrqun mhgsbjnridi qun gh an icrijidig

i Jbhs (Jg 9?>-0). Iacughs primtbmig `hy ah qun ns mhghmbjh mhfh na ‑iyugh jn

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 9=>

Jigbna‖. Ns jnmbr, nvbtig mhfnr mbnrths iabfngths jurigtn iacughs jæis, mhfh ugi
Jigbna‖.
jbsmbpabgi nspbrbtuia, piri tngnr munrph fés sigh y imnrmirsn fés i Jbhs.
M. Ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs piri ghshtrhs bgma
bgmauyn
uyn ug jæi jn rnphsh y \ 2; ¸Yuâ ns ah qun
2 baustri ai vnai8
tifdbâg rnmrnimbýg.
0
‑Imuârjitn jna jæi jn rnphsh piri sigtbmirah. ]nbs jæis tridioirés, y
2

`irés thji tu hdri5 fis na sâptbfh jæi ns rnphsh piri On`hvé tu Jbhs5
9<

gh `icis ng âa hdri iacugi, tÿ, gb tu `boh, gb tu `boi, gb tu sbnrvh, gb tu

mrbiji, gb tu dnstbi, gb tu nxtrigonrh qun nsté jngtrh jn tus punrtis. 99 \hrqu
\hrqunn
ng snbs jæis `bzh On`hvé ahs mbnahs y ai tbnrri, na fir, y thjis ais mhsis qun
ng naahs `iy, y rnphsý ng na sâptbfh jæi5 phr tigth, On`hvé dngjboh na
4?4-=).
jæi jn rnphsh y ah sigtbmý‖ (Âx 4<?0-995 vni Cg 4?4-=).
94
‑Cuirjirés
‑Cuirjirés na jæi jn rnphsh piri sigtbmirah, mhfh On`hvé tu Jbhs
tn `i figjijh. 9= ]nbs jæis tridioirés, y `irés thji tu hdri5 9: fis na
sâptbfh jæi ns rnphsh i On`hvé tu Jbhs5 gbgcugi hdri `irés tÿ, gb tu Kbcuri :.9:
`boh, gb tu `boi, gb tu sbnrvh, gb tu sbnrvi, gb tu duny, gb tu isgh, gb gbgcÿg Na ichtifbngth
igbfia tuyh, gb na nxtrigonrh qun nsté jngtrh jn tus punrtis, piri qun ns ug pnabcrh,
bgjnpngjbngtnfngtn
jnsmigsn tu sbnrvh y tu sbnrvi mhfh tÿ. 9> Imuârji
Imuârjitntn qun kubstn sbnrvh jn ai jbfngsbýg jn
ng tbnrri
kunrtn jn Ncbpth,
y drizh y jh5
nxtngjb qunphr
nxtngjbjh5 On`hvé tu Jbhs
ah muia tn simý
On`hvé jn tn
ttuu Jbhs iaaé
`imhg fighh
figjijh
figjij su fbgbstnrbh.
qun cuirjns na jæi jn rnphsh‖ (Jt >?94-9>).
>?94-9>).
Na vnrdh `ndrnh s`ivit ns ai riæz jn ai piaidri siddit, qun sbcgbmi rnphsh. Jnsmigsir \ 23 ¸Yuâ sbcgbmi ai
ng na siddit (jæi jn rnphsh) nri na muirth jn ahs jbnz figjifbngths qun Jbhs an jbh piaidri `ndrni ‑siddit‖8
i Bsrina (Âx 4<?0). Zhjhs ahs jbnz figjifbngths, nxmnpth nstn muirth, sn rnpbtng ng \ 20 ¸Jn quâ
na Gunvh Znstifngth. Nsths jbnz figjifbngths `ig tngbjh ugi crig bgungmbi ng na fignri hdnjnmnr ahs jbnz
fugjh. Ghs prhphrmbhgig prbgmbpbhs fhrians piri vbvbr ougths. Bficægnsn ugi gimbýg figjifbngths `imn jna
fugjh ug fnohr aucir
qun pnrfbti na isnsbgith, na `urth, ai fngtbri y na ijuatnrbh. Muigjh mifbgifhs i ai auz piri vbvbr8
jn ahs figjifbngths jn Jbhs, na fugjh ns ug fnohr aucir piri vbvbr.
Iacughs anciabstis ircufngtig shdrn muéa ns na jæi ng qun jndnfhs jnsmigsir. Ns
vnrjij qun Bsrina jnsmigsi na sâptbfh jæi jn su snfigi, na muia ns na sédijh. \nrh
tifdbâg ns mbnrth qun, dioh na gunvh pimth, ahs mrnyngtns sn rnugæig piri ijhrir na prbfnr
jæi jn ai snfigi (jhfbgch), phrqun nsn kun na jæi ng qun Onsÿs sn anvigtý jn ngtrn
ahs funrths.ai@hy,
cuirjifhs antri ahs mrnyngtns
jn ai sn rnÿgng
any jna siddit. \hrpiri ijhrirghshtrhs
nonfpah, ng fum`hs jæis jbknrngtns.
gh nvbtifhs rnmhcnrRanùi
gh
h mhmbgir na jæi jn rnphsh, mhfh ahs bsrinabtis (Gf 9>?=4-=;). Hdsnrvn ai `bphmrnsæi
jn iacughs `hy, qun irfig hdnjnmnr ai antri jn ai any jna siddit, pnrh siang jn sus
`hcirns na jæi jn rnphsh, ah qun ai antri jn ai any prh`ædn (Âx 9;?42). \hr na mhgtrirbh,
imtuiafngtn, gh hdnjnmnfhs ai antri jn ai any jna siddit, pnrh sæ `hgrifhs na nspærbtu h
na prbgmbpbh jna jæi jn rnphsh. Ah fés bfphrtigtn imnrmi jna jæi jn rnphsh, gh ns quâ jæi
jnsmigsifhs miji snfigi. Fés dbng, `hgrir na jæi jn rnphsh sbcgbmi qun jnsmigsifhs
ug jæi miji snfigi, sbg bfphrtir quâ jæi. \hr nonfpah, ahs pisthrns gh punjng jnsmigsir
na jhfbgch phrqun nsn ns na jæi fés hmupijh jn ai snfigi piri naahs. \hr ah tigth, jndng
nsmhcnr ug jæi jbknrngtn ia jhfbgch piri `hgrir na siddit.
Muigjh ahs bsrinabtis nrig nsmaivhs ng Ncbpth, tridioidig sbntn jæis i ai snfigi. \ 22 ¸\hr quâ ahs
Jnspuâs jn qun Jbhs abdnrý i su pundah jn ai nsmaivbtuj, ans rnmhrjý qun jnsmigsirig ug bsrinabtis gh pujbnrhg cuirjir
na jæi jn rnphsh ng Ncbpth
jæi i ai snfigi y qun pnrfbtbnrig qun thjhs sus tridioijhrns jnsmigsirig (Jt >?9>). Na phr muitrhmbngths iùhs8
mhrizýg jn ai any jn Jbhs ng gunstri rnaimbýg mhg ahs `ufighs ns qun ifnfhs i htrhs
mhfh ghs ififhs i ghshtrhs fbsfhs. Ah qun ns dungh piri ghshtrhs tifdbâg ns dungh \ 9<< ¸Mýfh ns qun
`hy iacughs nfpanijhrns ans
piri htrhs. Na jnsmigsh ns ah fnohr
fnohr piri ghshtrhs y piri qubngns ghs
ghs rhjnig. bfpbjng i sus tridioijhrns
Mhgsbjnrnfhs jhs rizhgns phr ais muians Jbhs ghs jbh na figjifbngth jn jnsmigsir qun mufpaig mhg na jæi
jn rnphsh8
ug jæi miji snfigi.

9=; Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

\ 9<9 ¸Muéa ns ai \rbfnri, muigjh ipirtifhs ug jæi piri jnsmigsir y ijhrir, rnmhrjifhs qun Jbhs, gh
prbfnri rizýg piri cuirjir ghshtrhs, mrný ahs mbnahs y ai tbnrri y thjh ah qun `iy ng naahs (Cg 4?9-4). @imnr ugi
na jæi jn rnphsh8
piusi piri iaidir y jnsmigsir ug jæi i ai snfigi ghs `imn vhavnr i ah désbmh. @iy ug
Mrnijhr qun ghs ifi. Âa nsté ng mhgtrha jna ugbvnrsh. ]bg Âa, giji phjnfhs `imnr
(Og 9>?>). Gunstrh âxbth y prhjumtbvbjij ng ai vbji jnpngjng fés jn gunstri rnaimbýg
mhg Jbhs y fnghs jn gunstrhs prhpbhs nskunrzhs.
Ng na fhfngth ng qun ug
nankigtn nstidi i pugth jn mruzir
ug pungtn, ug ritýg siatý jnsjn ug
\ 9<4 ¸Yuâ nrrhr érdha shdrn su ahfh. Muigjh
mhfntbý na ritýg8 ifdhs aancirhg ia htrh aijh, na
ritýg nxmaifý? ‑¡Cuiu! ¡Fbri
mhfh `bmbfhs tnfdair nstn
pungt n!‖. Mhg fum`i krnm
pungtn!‖. krnmungmb
ungmbi,
i,
ghs mrnnfhs fés jn ah qun shfhs.
\ngsifhs jnfisbijh ng ghshtrhs
fbsfhs y fuy phmh ng gunstrh
Jbhs Zhjhphjnrhsh.
Mhfh snrns `ufighs qun
pundaig ai tbnrri, jndnfhs ngmh
ngmhgtrir
gtrir
na nqubabdrbh ngtrn ah qun phjnfhs
\ 9<= ¸Yuâ ns ai `imnr y ah qun shaifngtn Jbhs punjn Kbcuri :.9> Ghs mrnnfhs
mrnnfhs fés jn ah qun sh
shfhs
fhs
‑fngtiabjij jn nsmisnz‖8 `imnr. Jbhs gh jnsni qun snifhs y jbsfbgubfhs ia Jbhs Zhjhphjnrhsh.
Zhjhphjnrhsh.
\ 9<: ¸Mýfh ns pnrnzhshs. Zifphmh jnsni qun
qun vbhair na jæi jn rnphsh tridionfhs ng nxmnsh. ]u paig piri ghshtrhs ns qun snifhs cubijhs phr su Nspærbtu
ns ugi figbknstimbýg ]igth y jnpngjifhs jn Âa. Jbhs ghs figji qun jnsmigsnfhs ug jæi i ai snfigi, mhfh
jn bgmrnjuabjij8
ah `bzh Âa jnspuâs jn mrnir na ugbvnrsh y thjh ah qun `iy ng nstn. Muigjh ghs gncifhs
i cuirjir na jæi jn rnphsh, figbknstifhs bgmrnjuabjij y jnshdnjbngmbi. Iacug
Iacughs
hs tridioig
thjhs ahs jæis, phrqu
phrqunn naahs mhgkæig jnfisbijh ng naahs fbsfhs y gh mrnng qun Jbhs
punji iyujirans
iyujirans sb an hdnjnmng jngnn nsth mhfh ai fngtiabjij jn nsmisnz. 9<
hdnjnmng.. ^g nsmrbthr jng
Zians pnrshgis pbngsig qun na tbnfph ns jnfisbijh nsmish
nsmish.. Naahs gh mrnng qun Jbhs `iyi
mrnijh sumbngtn tbnfph ng ugi snfigi piri qun phjifhs jnsmigsir ug jæi. Nsti kiati
jn kn ng Jbhs hmisbhgi ugi nxmnsbvi kn ng ghshtrhs fbsfhs5 y ai jnshdnjbngmbi ghs

cuirjnfhs *tridioýabmhs5
mhgvbnrtn ngna jæi
*tridioýabmhs
jn rnphsh 5miji
ns jnmbr, pnrshgis
snfigi. ijbmtismhg
R jnmairnfhs ia na
tridioh. Ng aucir jn nsh,
siafbsti?
9
‑]b On`hvé gh njbmirn ai misi, ng vigh tridioig ahs qun ai njbmig5 sb
On`hvé gh cuirji
cuirjirn
rn ai mbujij, ng vigh vnai ai cuirj
cuirjbi.
bi. 4 \hr jnfés ns qun hs
anvigtâbs jn fijruciji, y viyébs tirjn i rnphsir, y qun mhfébs pig jn jhahrns5
puns qun i su ifijh jiré
jiré Jbhs na sunùh‖ (]ia 943?9-4).
943?9-4).
Ai migtbjij jn tridioh qun `imnfhs ns fnghs bfphrtigtn qun ai miabjij jna tridioh
 qun `imnfhs. Mhfh jbmn ]idbh? ‑Na aæjnr sbnfprn jbsphgbdan, jbsfbguyn fés y fés
su viahr‖. Ahs qun sn gbncig i cuirjir na jæi jn rnphsh fiacistig na tbnfph ng mhsis
\ 9<> ¸Yuâ jbmn ]idbh bggnmnsirbis y ais `imng pâsbfifngtn. Jnsmigsir ns fnohr, phrqun ghs rnmunrji mifbgir
imnrmi jn ahs aæjnrns qun ng na Nspærbtu ]igth, nsmum`ir i Jbhs y jnpngjnr jn Âa, ia phgnr ng prémtbmi nsi pnqunùi
sbnfprn nstég jbsphgbdans8
pirtn qun ghs figji mufpabr ng na crig
crig ugbvnrsh qun Âa mrný.
^g pisthr furbý i ahs >3 iùhs jn ugi ngknrfnjij miusiji phr na nxmnsh jn tridioh.
Âa jnoý phmhs nspimbhs abdrns ng na abdrh jn su vbji. Itbdhrrý jn tridioh miji nspimbh qun
\ 9<; ¸\hr quâ
jndnfhs tngnr nspimbhs pujh ngmhgtrir.
]bg bfphrtir ]bnfprn
muég jurh htritidi jn iprntuoirâafés
muég prhahgcijh tridioh
`udbnri ng ahs fércngns
tridioijh, nstn aæjnrjnsngtæi
miji qun
jæi.
abdrns ng gunstri vbji mhfh
ahs fércngns qun `nfhs gugmi nri sumbngtn. Mnrmi jna gia jn su vbji, âa vbh ai auz y jnsmudrbý qun ug crig
punsth ng nstn abdrh8
abdrh8 ngnfbch jn ai kn mrbstbigi ns ai bjni jn qun Jbhs qubnrn qun jnfhs na 99< phr mbngth.

Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 9=3

\hr na mhgtrirbh, Jbhs ghs jbmn qun tridionfhs snbs jn ahs sbntn jæis jn ai snfigi, ah qun
rnprnsngti shah na 0> phr mbngth. Onsÿs ghs bgvbti?
40
‑[ngbj i fæ thjhs ahs qun nstébs tridioijhs y mircijhs, y yh hs `irâ jnsmigsir.
42
Aanvij fb yuch shdrn vhshtrhs,
vhshtrhs, y iprngjnj jn fæ, qun shy figsh y `ufbajn jn
mhrizýg5 y `iaairâbs jnsmigsh piri vunstris iafis5 =< phrqun fb yuch ns kémba, y
abcnri fb mirci‖ (Ft 99?40-=<).
99?40-=<).
Ng nstn mipætuah, nstifhs nstujbigjh iacugis jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr. \iri
iacughs jn ghshtrhs, na jnsmigsh ns ugi jbsmbpabgi fés jbkæmba jn primtbmir qun ai jna
tridioh. \nrh sb ustnj tridioi jurh phr snbs jæis y sn sbngtn muapidan phr thfir ug jæi jn
jnsmigsh, GH ns Jbhs qubng `imn qun sn sbngti jn nsi fignri. Fés dbng, ns ugi vbsbýg
jbsthrsbhgiji jn qubâg ns Jbhs y jn qubâgns shfhs ghshtrhs, sus `bohs.
]ncugji, Jbhs ghs figji i rnphsir phrqun gnmnsbtifhs jnsmigsir ug jæi i ai \ 9<3 ¸Muéa ns ai
snfigi. sncugji rizýg phr ai qun
Jbhs ghs figji mufpabr mhg
‑Ngthgmns ahs ipýsthans sn ougtirhg mhg Onsÿs, y an mhgtirhg thjh ah qun `idæig
=<
na jæi jn rnphsh8
`nm`h, y ah qun `idæig ngsnùijh. =9 Âa ans jboh? [ngbj
[ngbj vhshtr
vhshtrhs
hs ipirtn i ug aucir
jnsbnrth, y jnsmigsij ug phmh. \hrqun nrig fum`hs ahs qun bdig y vngæig, jn
fignri qun gb iug tngæig tbnfph piri mhfnr‖ (Fr ;?=<-=9).
;?=<-=9).
Iug Onsÿs, na Jbhs/`hfdrn, gnmnsbtidi jnsmigsir. Isæ qun, sbcifhs su nonfpah. Âa,
krnmungtnfngtn, sn ipirtidi jn ais fuatbtujns piri hrir, jnsmigsir y rnnxbhgir.
¸Tnmunrji ai hmisbýgjnngaijh
dirmh sn tifdianidi ai qun
aijh Onsÿs
i aijh jhrfæi
shdrn jurigtn
ais hais, Onsÿs ugi
iprhthrfngti8
iprhvnm`idi Fbngtris
vnm`idi nsth mhfh ssbbqun na
kunri
ugi mugi, piri rnmhdrir ais kunrzis qun Âa gnmnsbtidi piri na fbgbstnrbh (Ft 0?4=-43). ]b
gunstrh ]nùhr, na `hfdrn pnrknmth, gnmnsbtý jnsmigsir, mhg sncurbjij ghshtrhs phjnfhs
rnmhghmnr qun gnmnsbtifhs jnsmigsir tifdbâg. ]hah tridioh y giji jn jnsmigsh mhgsufn
ia aæjnr.
Fbngtris jnsmigsifhs, Jbhs rngunvi gunstri khrtianzi
M kæsbmi, nfhmbhgia y nspbrbtuia. Ia jnsmigsir ng na ]nùhr na jæi
jn rnphsh, rnghvifhs gunstris kunrzis (Bs :<?40-=9). \hr na
  mhgtrirbh, ahs aæjnrns qun sn gbncig i jnsmigsir pnabcrig naahs \ 9<0 ¸Mýfh ghs
  fbsfhs y phgng ng pnabcrh i ahs qun sbrvng. ¸\hr quâ8 \hrqun mipimbti piri snr fnohrns
,  muigjh gh thfifhs tbnfph piri jnsmigsir, ghs jndbabtifhs sbnrvhs cuirjir na jæi
jn rnphsh8
y sn dioig gunstris jnkngsis piri rnsbstbr ais tngtimbhgns.
.
Jnsjn qun nri gbùh, Htnah ngmhgtrý i Onsÿs y mhfngzý
i sncubrah. Nri hdvbh piri thjhs qun nstn gbùh nri nspnmbia.
]bngjh ohvng, fnfhrbzidi abdrhs ngtnrhs jna Gunvh Znstifng
Znstifngth.
th. Ng na snfbgirbh dædabmh,
kun na kivhrbth tigth jn nstujbigtns mhfh jn prhknshrns. ]n crijuý mhfh na fnohr jn su \ 9<2 ¸Muéa kun ai
prhfhmbýg, sn misý mhg ai `boi jn ug pisthr y mhfngzý i pisthrnir, mhgsuatigjh mhg miusi jna krimish jna pisthr
krnmungmbi i iacughs jn ahs aæjnrns fiyhrns. \hr ais sbcubngtns trns jâmijis, na pisthr Htnah mhfh aæjnr8
Htnah mrnmbý ng crimbi piri mhg Jbhs y ahs `hfdrns. Âa kun ug nonfpah ng thjis ais
érnis jn ai vbji, tians mhfh ifir i Jbhs, ng hrimbýg, ng nstujbh, ng ai prnjbmimbýg,
ng nvigcnabzimbýg, ng fbsbhgns y ng mhfpisbýg. Jn `nm`h, na pisthr Htnah nri tig
shdrnsiabngtn, qun kun nancbjh aæjnr ng su jnghfbgimbýg, ug nonmutbvh. Isæ qun, jnoý
na pisthrijh y mhfngzý i snrvbr phr thjh na piæs y i thji ai jnghfbgimbýg. Ais mhsis
kugmbhgirhg dbng phr ug tbnfph. \nrh su vbji sn vhavbý fés y fés itirniji. Ai migtbjij
jn tridioh qun nxbcæi su pipna ng nsn abjnrizch mhfngzý i imufuairsn ng ahs fércngns
jn su vbji. ]us ghm`ns sn imhrtirhg fbngtris qun sus jæis sn iaircidig. \rhgth, âa
mhfngzý i jnsmubjir na jæi jn rnphsh, ug jæi phr snfigi. R ngthgmns
ngthgmns na tridioh bgugjý na
sncugjh, na tnrmnrh y na muirth jæi jn rnphsh jna fns. Na pisthr Htnah pisý tigth tbnfph
tridioigjh y tig phmh jnsmigsigjh, qun sn jndbabtý nspbrbtuiafngtn. Ngthgmns hmurrbý.
Ng ug fhfngth jn jndbabjij, âa miyý ng tngtimbýg. Nsti gh kun ugi miæji qun idirmý

9=0 Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

fum`h tbnfph, gb sbqubnri ugi miæji tig mrætbmi. \nrh iacubng ah rnphrtý i htrhs aæjnrns
jn ai jnghfbgimbýg. \iri nvbtir trinr ug jnsprnstbcbh, na pisthr Htnah prnrbý rngugmbir.
Mhg na tbnfph, fum`hs mhfprngjbnrhg qun âa sn `idæi nqubvhmijh, iugqun ai fiyhræi
gugmi suph muéa `idæi sbjh su nrrhr. Iug isæ, su rnputimbýg y su fbgbstnrbh sukrbnrhg.
\hstnrbhrfngtn, âa an jboh i htrh aæjnr? ‑Isncÿrnsn jn hdnjnmnr na prbgmbpbh jna jæi jn
rnphsh. ]b yh ah `udbnri primtbmijh nafngtn, gugmi `udbnri jnsabzijh y miæjh‖. Aæjnr
nspbrbtuia, ‑…na qun pbngsi nstir rfn, fbrn qun gh mibci‖ (9 Mh 9<?94). Gbgcÿg aæjnr
nsté
piri nxngth jn aissigth.
figtngnrsn mhgsnmungmbis
Jnsmigsnjn
ugjnshdnjnmnr ais anyns
jæi miji snfigi, jn Jbhs.i Tnmunrjn
`hgrigjh na siddit
Jbhs, sbcubngjh su
nonfpah y pnrfbtbngjh qun Âa rngunvn sus kunrzis.
40
‑¸Gh `is sidbjh, gh `is hæjh qun na Jbhs ntnrgh ns On`hvé, na muia mrný ahs
mhggns jn ai tbnrri8 Gh jnskiaanmn, gb sn kitbci mhg migsigmbh, y su ngtngjbfbngth
gh `iy qubng ah iamigmn. 42 Na ji nskunrzh ia migsijh, y fuatbpabmi ais kunrzis
ia qun gh tbngn gbgcugis. =< Ahs fum`im`hs sn kitbcig y sn migsig, ahs oývngns
iqunig y ming5 =9 pnrh ahs qun nspnrig i On`hvé tngjrég gunvis kunrzis5
anvigtirég iais mhfh ais écubais5 mhrrnrég, y gh sn migsirég5 mifbgirég, y gh
sn kitbcirég‖ (Bs :<?40-=9).
:<?40-=9).
\ 99< ¸Mýfh nsmhcn Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, `hgrnfhs ia ]nùhr hdnjnmbngjh su figjifbngth jn jnsmigsir ug
ug pisthr quâ jæi jn ai
jæi miji snfigi. \iri ahs pisthrns, na jhfbgch ns, phr ah cngnria, na jæi fés itirnijh jn
snfigi jnsmigsir8
ai snfigi. Isæ qun, jndng nsmhcnr mhfh siddit htrh jæi qun gh sni jhfbgch. Ipirtn ug
jæi mhfh su jæi jn rnphsh piri `imnr iach jbvnrtbjh, iach rnaioigtn y iach piri jnsmigsir
mhg su ]nùhr,
mnanstbia, su mýgyucn,
mhgsicrn ug jæi jnsumiji
kifbabi h ugpiri
snfigi ifbch fuy mnrmigh.
`hfngionir i Jbhs Mhfh
y i su gunstrh
mrnimbýg,\ijrn
piri
rnghvir kunrzis y piri rnmhrjir gunstri rnaimbýg mhg gunstrh Mrnijhr. Figtngcifhs na
rbtfh jn ai vbji cuirjigjh ai sigtbjij jna jæi jn rnphsh, snfigi tris snfigi, i thjh ah
airch jn gunstrhs iùhs shdrn ai tbnrri.
Ai khrfimbýg nspbrbtuia jna aæjnr? mýfh sn jnsirrhaai ng ghshtrhs ug mirémtnr pbijhsh 9=2

Iuthnviauimbýg? Jbduon ug mærmuah iarnjnjhr jn ai antri qun mhfpantn fnohr miji prncugti
h jnmairimbýg?
9. ¸Muéa ns ug nonfpah jn oustbmbi8 ;. Mhfpirifhs jhs maisns jn pngsifbngths mhg
i) Zngnr ais rnspunst
rnspunstis
is mhrrnmtis ng ai vvbji.
bji. i) jhs viaans.
d) \nrjhgir y jnkngjnr ai igirquæi. d) jhs ifhs.
m) Ai giturianzi jn Jbhs jn ai qun pirtbmbpifhs. m) jhs mifbghs.
j) Cigir ai pphsbmbýg
hsbmbýg mhrrnmti mhg Jbhs. j) jhs igbfians.
3. ^gi aidhr jn thjh pisthr ns
4.
i) Ai`ifdrn
na pirijhoissnnjn Fitnh >?;
sitbskimn ns qun
ia nstir aangh. i) mipimbtir ia ppundah
undah jn J Jbhs
bhs piri na snrvbmbh.
d) ai snj sn simbi mhg ai oustbmbi. d) snpirir ais hvnois jn ahs midrbths.
m) na `ifdrn nxbstn piri sitbssitbskimnrsn.
kimnrsn. m) vbsbtir i ahs qun vvbsbtig
bsbtig na tnfpah.
j) ahs qun nstég aanghs sbcung mhg `ifdrn. j) jbsmbpuair i ahs gunvhs mhgvnrtbjhs.
=. ¸I qubâg jndnfhs pirnmnrghs? i Firti h 0. ¸Mýfh punjn ug pisthr iabfngtir y mipimbtir ia
i Firæi8 fbsfh tbnfph8
i) I Firti i) Ia ngsnùir i ahs jbémhghs y i ahs igmbighs.
d) Ia prnjbmir y ngsnùir mhg ahs abdrhs jn Kn y Immbýg.
d) I Firæi
m) I ifdis m) Ia prnjb
prnjbmir
mir y hrir.
j) I gbgcugi j) Ia hkrnmnr mhfbjis ng ahs muaths jn fbtij jn snfigi.
2. ¸\hr quâ na ipýstha \idah jnsni qun ahs mrnyngtns
:. Ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun tridiong y snig rnsphgsidans8
iacughs pbngsig, phrqun i) Na tridioh figtbngn siauj
siaujidan
idan na munrph
munrph..
i) tngnr ug fia pngsifbngth ns pnmijh.
d) fnjbtir ng ug fia pngsifbngth ns pnmijh. d) Na
m) Ahstridioh
qun ghghs
tridioig
iyujigh jndng mhfnr.
i cigirghs na rnspnth jn aahs
hs
m) ns bfphsbda
bfphsbdann nsmipir jn ah fiah qun pngsifhs. jnfés.
j) ai tngtimbýg ns ai punrti jn ngt
ngtriji
riji ia bgkbnrgh. j) Jnsjn na Njâg aaisis pnrshgis `ig tridioijh.
>. ^gi maivn piri vngmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths ns 9<. ¸Muéa jn ais sbcubngtns jnmairimbhgns ns vnrjijnri8
i) aangir su fngtn mhg ddunghs
unghs pngsifbng
pngsifbngths.
ths. i) Na nonrmbmbh trin phmhs dngnkbmbhs.
d) aum`ir sbg mnsir mhgtri ahs fiahs pngsifbngths. d) Ai iabfngtimbýg ns ug isugth nspbrbtuia.
m) nvbtir na mhgtimth mhg ahs pnmijh
pnmijhrns.
rns. m) ^g aæjnr sbnfprn tbngn qun nstir jjbsphgbdan.
bsphgbdan.
j) vngmnr ug pngsifbngth i ai vnz. j) Na jæi jn rnphs
rnphshh jndn snr na jh
jhfbgch.
fbgch.
9:< Mipætuah : Abjnrizch 9

Znfis piri na ngsiyh? Nsmrbdi jn >< i 9<< piaidris jn miji ugh jn ahs hgmn hdontbvhs qun
ustnj nstujbý ng nstn mipætuah. (2 pugths phr miji ugh fés ug pugth critbs).
• Tnsufbr ais maisns jn oustbmbi qun Jbhs ig`nai qun jnsnnfhs, piri qun punji mufpabrais ng ghshtrhs
• Nxpabmir ai pirijhoi hrthjhxi jn Fitnh >?;.
• Igiabzir ai rnaimbýg ngtrn na jndnr jn ug aæjnr y ai jnvhmbýg n baustrirai.
• Tnsufbr ais trns rizhgns phr ais muians ahs fiahs pngsifbngths shg pnhrns jn ah qun ai fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis
pbngsi n baustrir nsis rizhgns.
rizhgns.
• Nstidanmnr ahs
ahs mbgmh prbgmbpbhs piri vngmnr ahs fiahs pngsifbngths n baustrir ahs prbgmbpbhs.
prbgmbpbhs.
• Mhgtristir ahs jhs mifbghs y ahs jnstbghs qun miji pnrshgi ngkrngti ng muigth i sus pngsifbngths.
• Tnsufbr ai jhdan nstritncbi jn ug aæjnr piri sitbskimnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn iqunaahs i ahs qun abjnri.
• Nxpabmir mýfh punjn ug aæjnr utbabzir ahs abdrhs jn Kn y Immbýg piri gutrbr y nqubpir ia pundah jn Jbhs.
• Nxpabmir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun Jbhs qubnrn qun snifhs hdrnrhs nans.
• Tnsufbr ai bfphrtigmbi jna nonrmbmbh y ai jbnti ng ai vbji jn ug aæjnr.
• Bjngtbmir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun ahs aæjnrns jndng cuirjir na jæi jn rnphsh n baustrirais.
 ^gbjij 4?
Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr
]idbh jbmn? ‑]b gh kunri phr ahs rnths qun ais pnrshgis ans aigzig i ahs aæjnrns,
gh `idræi jnsikæhs qun ngkrngtir‖. Zhjhs ahs aæjnrns y muiaqubnr htri maisn jn
pnrshgi ngmungtrig jnsikæhs ng érnis mhfh siauj, nspbrbtuiabjij, jbgnrh, tbnfph,
mhghmbfbngth y sidbjuræi. \nrh aanvirsn dbng mhg ai cngtn ns ugh jn ahs fiyhrns
rnths jn ai vbji? ng na `hcir, ng na tridioh, ng ai nsmunai h ng na vnmbgjirbh. Jhgjn qubnri qun
ngmungtrn pnrshgis, ugh jn ahs ispnmths fés bfphrtigtns ns rnaimbhgirsn dbng mhg naais.
Mhfh aæjnr, ns vbtia qun iprngji y primtbqun ais `idbabjijns jn ais rnaimbhgns. \uns ngthgmns,
phjré aanvirsn dbng mhg iqunaahs i ahs qun Jbhs ah aaifn i abjnrir y ustnj phjré cubirahs i
tngnr ug dung trith mhg htrhs mrnyngtns y mhg ahs qun gnmnsbtig mhghmnr i Onsumrbsth.
I fnjbji qun nstujbi ai ^gbjij 4, ani miji anmmbýg y rnsphgji sus prncugtis igtns jn
aancir i ai maisn. Ia `imnr nsth nafngtn, mrnmnré ng mhghmbfbngth y mirémtnr y iamigziré ahs
hdontbvhs jn miji mipætuah.
Mipætuah >? Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr ng na `hcir.
• Tnsufbr ais miusis jn s
sngtbrsn
ngtbrsn jbstigm
jbstigmbijh
bijh jn ai kif
kifbabi
babi y ais shaumbhgns piri nstn prhdanfi.
• Nxpabmir ahs prbgmb
prbgmbpbhs
pbhs piri prhtncnr i su kifb
kifbabi
abi jna ijuatnrbh.
• Igiabzir ais rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæaæjnr
jnr ngkrngti ai sshanjij
hanjij y jnsm
jnsmudrbr
udrbr ai maisn jn ifbchs
qun punjng iyujiran i supnrirai.
• Mhgtristir ngtrn fbgbfbgbstrir
strir sncÿg su aaifi
aaififbngth
fbngth y sus jhgns mhg snr cubijh phr ais
nxpnmtitbvis jn ahs jnfés.
• Tnsufbr ais kkhrfis
hrfis ng ais qun ug aæjnr punjn `imnr jn su `hcir ug rnkucbh
rnkucbh sncurh y knabz
knabz..
• Nxpabmir aais
is maivns piri bgvhaumrir i sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh.

Mipætuah ;? Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr jngtrh jn ai mhgcrncimbýg y kunri jn naai. \irtn 9.
• Tnsufbr mýfh na `nm `nm`h
`h jn nsmum`ir i ahs jnfés ghs pnrfbtn vnr su pugt
pugth
h jn vbsti y ahs
prnpiri i naahs piri vnr na gunstrh.
• Bjngtbkbmir ais rizhgns piri nvbtir ais mrætbm
mrætbmis
is y m
mýfh
ýfh nvbtirais
nvbtirais..
• Nxpabmir ais rizhgns y ais khrfis jn snr ifbcidan.
• Igiabzir ais rizhgns y ais khrfis jn snr mhgkbid
mhgkbidan.
an.

Mipætuah 3? Ais rnaimbhgns jna aæjnr jngtrh jn ai mhgcrncimbýg y kunri jn naai. \irtn 4.
• Bjngtbkbmir ahs jnsikæhs jn phjnr mhgkb
mhgkbir
ir y ais khrfis jn `imnrah.
• Nstidanmnr rizhgns piri rnmhrjir ghfdrns y ais maivns pi piri
ri rnmhrjirahs.
• Tnsufbr ais rizhgns piri nxprnsir iprnmbh.
• Nxpabmir ais rizhgns y ais maivns piri cubir mhg prncugti
prncugtis.
s.
• Igiabzir quâ sbcgbkbm
sbcgbkbmi
i snrvbm
snrvbmbh
bh y ah qun gh sbcgbk
sbcgbkbmi.
bmi.

9:9

Mipætuah >?
Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr
piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi
Bgtrhjummbýg
I sæ fbsfh Na abjnrizch mhfbngzi muigjh ug pisthr sn mhgjumn i sæ
 fbsfh phr ai sngji jna ifhr. Ngkitbzifhs nsth ng ahs mipætuahs
9”:. Ng na mipætuah >, ifpabifhs na érni jn bgungmbi jna aæjnr,
piri mhgsbj
mhgsbjnrir
nrir mý
mýfh
fh nst
nstnn cuæi i su kkifbabi
ifbabi..
\9 ¸Muéans shg ais muitrh maisns jn ifngizis `imbi ai kifbabi
jna aæjnr qun nstujbirnfhs ng nstn mipætuah8

Anmmbhgns Znfis
=
9 [ngzi ai ifngizi jna jbstigmbifbngth ng su kifbabi
4< (Mursh jn Kn y Immbýg, Fitrbfhgbh y Kifbabi,
anmmbýg =9)
[ngzi ai ifngizi jna ijuatnrbh ng su kifbabi (Mursh
4 49
jn Kn y Immbýg, Fitrbfhgbh y Kifbabi, anmmbýg =4)
I htrhs 44 [ngzi ai i
iffngizi jjn
na jjn
nségbfh ng
ng ssu
u kki
ifbabi
4= [ngzi ai i
iffngizi jjn
n aai
iiif
firc
rcu
uri n
ng
g ssu
u kki
ifbabi
I su Kbcuri >.4 Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jn ahs mýgyucns
kifbabi piri prhtncnr i ai kifbabi.
Na nsphsh y ai nsphsi khrfig ug nqubph jna abjnrizch.
Miji mýgyucn tbngn rnsphgsidbabjijns ÿgbmis. Miji ugh tbngn ug érni jn fbgbstnrbh y jn bgungmbi. Iug isæ,
shg ug nqubph. Zhjis ais anmmbhgns y ahs prbgmbpbhs jn nstn mursh jn Abjnrizch 9 sn ipabmig ia fbgbstnrbh jn
ifdhs mýgyucns. Ahs mipætuahs 9”3 mhgtbngng prbgmbpbhs piri primtbmir thjh na tbnfph. Iquæ ng na mipætuah >,
nstujbirnfhs ahs prbgmbpbhs qun tbngng ugi rnaimbýg nspnmbia mhg na fbgbstnrbh y na `hcir.

Anmmbhgns
[ngzi ai ifngizi jna jbstigmbifbngth ng su kifbabi†
4< Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir ahs pnabcrhs jn sngtbrsn shah ng ugi kifbabi.
Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ais gunvn miusis jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh jn ai kifbabi y ais shaumbhgns.
[ngzi ai ifngizi jna ijuatnrbh ng su kifbabi††
Hdontbvh I? \iri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh, nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs shdrn? na prhdanfi, ai tngtimbýg
49 y na Nspærbtu ]igth5 ais snùians jn ijvnrtngmbi bgtnrgis y nxtnrgis y ipabmir nsths prbgmbpbhs.
Hdontbvh D? \iri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh, nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs shdrn? su mhrizýg, fngtn,
fitrbfhgbh, siauj y rngjbmbýg jn mungtis5 na mhsth jna ijuatnrbh y ipabmir nsths prbgmbpbhs.
[ngzi ai ifngizi jna jnségbfh ng su kifbabi.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais rizhgns phr ais qun ug aæjnr ngkrngti ai shanjij y ais mbgmh maisns jn ifbchs qun
punjng iyujir.
44 Hdontbvh D? Mhgtristir ngtrn fbgbstrir sncÿg su aaififbngth y sus jhgns mhg snr cubijh phr ais
nxpnmtitbvis jn ahs jnfés.
Hdontbvh M? Nxpabmir phr quâ ahs aæjnrns jndng rnmhrjir qun tridioig piri Jbhs y gh nspnrir rnmhfpngsis
jn ais pnrshgis.
[ngzi ai ifngizi jn ai ifircuri ng su kifbabi.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais hm`h fignris ng ais qun ug aæjnr punjn `imnr jn su `hcir ug rnkucbh sncurh
4= y knabz.
Hdontbvh D? Bgjbmir iacugis maivns piri bgvhaumrir i sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh n baustrirais.
Hdontbvh M? Nviauir su prhcrnsh ng ai prémtbmi jn ais vnbgtn muiabjijns prbgmbpians jn ug aæjnr ng na `hcir.
†
Mursh jn Kn y Immbýg, Fitrbfhgbh
Fitrbfhgbh y Kifbabi,
Kifbabi, anmmbýg =9
††
Mursh jn Kn y Immbýg, Fitrbfhgbh
Fitrbfhgbh y Kifbabi,
Kifbabi, anmmbýg =4
9:4

Anmmbýg [ngzi ai ifngizi jna jbstigmbifbngth ng su kifbabi.

4< Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir ahs pnabcrhs jn sngtbrsn shah ng ugi kifbabi.
Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ais gunvn miusis jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh jn ai kifbabi y ais shaumbhgns.

Zriskhgjh
Iacugis kifbabis tbngng pitrhgns gh siaujidans jn rnaimbýg. Ahs `bohs mrbijhs jngtrh \4 ¸Muéans shg ais
jn nstis kifbabis i fngujh jnsirrhaaig prhdanfis pnrshgians. 9 Fés tirjn, aanvig nsths prbgmbpians miusis
miusis phr
ais qun `iy kifbabis phmh
fbsfhs prhdanfis i su prhpbh fitrbfhgbh. Muigjh sn misig, usuiafngtn rnpbtng ah siaujidans nfhmbhgia y
qun iprngjbnrhg ng na `hcir. Jn fignri qun mrnig su prhpbi kifbabi jbskugmbhgia. Ais nspbrbtuiafngtn8 Nxpabqun.
aistbfig i htris. 4 Ais pnrshgis `nrbjis `bnrng i htris.
pnrshgis aistbfijis aistbfig
Ais kifbabis nfhmbhgiafngtn ngknrfis punjng mrnir fum`hs prhdanfis. Ng nstn
mipætuah, mhgsbjnrirnfhs muitrh mhfphrtifbngths qun prhjumng kifbabis gh siaujidans?
jbstigmbifbngth, ijuatnrbh, idush y ijbmmbýg. Zifdbâg nstujbirnfhs mýfh vngmnr nstis
ifngizis qun jnstruyng kifbabis sigis.
Ais pnrshgis gnmnsbtig jn htris pnrshgis. Jbhs ghs mrný piri rnaimbhgirghs ughs \= ¸Yuâ qunrnfhs
mhg htrhs. Kun Jbhs qubng jboh? ‑Gh ns dungh qun na `hfdrn nstâ shah‖ (Cg 4?90). jnmbr mhg ‑sngtbrsn
jbstigmbijh‖ ng ugi kifbabi8
^g fhfngth tnrrbdan ng ai vbji jn Onsÿs an hmurrbý shdrn ai mruz. Ahs ipýsthans sn
`idæig jbspnrsijh. Onsÿs sn sbgtbý shah y crbtý? ‑Jbhs fæh, Jbhs fæh, ¸phr quâ fn `is
jnsifpirijh8‖ (Ft 43?:;). Iugqun ugi fuatbtuj ah rhjnidi, Âa sn sngtæi shah. Jn
bcuia fignri, ns phsbdan qun ais pnrshgis sn sbngtig idigjhgijis, bgmaush ng ai misi.
]n sbngtng ianoijhs jn htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi. Gh tbngng sngtbjh jn pnrtngngmbi.
Gh sn sbngtng mhfprngjbjhs gb imnptijhs. Ng nsti anmmbýg, nstujbirnfhs ahs pnabcrhs,
ais miusis y ais shaumbhgns piri na sngtbfbngth jn nstir *jnsmhgnmtijh, snpirijh jn ai
prhpbi kifbabi.
I. Ahs pnabcrhs jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh jngtrh jn ai kifbabi.
Na jnsnh
kifbabi jn pnrtngngmbi
sn ianoiré ns fuyai kunrtn.
jn nsti y dusmiré fignri^gi pnrshgi
jn khrfir qunjnghhtrh
pirtn sn cruph.
sbngti pirtn jn ai \ :
pnabcrhsh¸\hr
qun quâ ns ucn sn
ug mýgyucn
mýgy
sbngti jbstigmbijh8
^g nsphsh h ugi nsphsi qun sn sbngtig jbstigtns punjng rnmurrbr i htri pnrshgi piri
ngmhgtrir ifhr y imnptimbýg. Nsth, cngnriafngtn, rnsuati ng ugi ivngturi snxuia qun
jnstruyn na fitrbfhgbh.
^gi pnrshgi ohvng qun sn sbngtn jbstigmbiji jna rnsth jn ai kifbabi punjn dusmir ifhr \> ¸\hr quâ ns
pnabcrhsh qun ugi pnrshgi
pnrshgi
y imnptimbýg ng htrhs oývngns. Nstn fbnfdrh shabtirbh jn ai kifbabi nsté `ifdrbngth jn
ohvng sn sbngti
sbngti jbstigmbiji8
iprhdimbýg y phjræi mhfntnr thgtnræis piri snr imnptijh phr ug cruph jn su njij. ]ngtbrsn
ianoijhs jn ahs pijrns `imn qun ahs oývngns sn rndnang, `uyig jna `hcir, idigjhgng ai
nsmunai, sn nfdirimng, mibcig ng ai jrhcijbmmbýg, mhfntig submbjbh, qundrigtng ai any h
imtÿng mhg vbhangmbi. =
Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi qun sn sbngtng ianoijhs ah bgtnrbhrbzig y punjng ngknrfirsn \; ¸Yuâ punjn hmurrbr
muigjh ug fbnfdrh jn ai
nfhmbhgia, mhrphria, fngtia h nspbrbtuiafngtn. Ai shanjij y ai jnprnsbýg shg mhfugns
kifbabi sn sbngtn jbstigmbijh
muigjh ugi pnrshgi sn sbngtn jbstigmbiji y ah bgtnrbhrbzi. Na fugjh jn nsti pnrshgi sn y ah cuirji ng su bgtnrbhr8
vunavn miji vnz fés pnqunùh.
Ais mhgnxbhgns prhkugjis mhg htris pnrshgis prhphrmbhgig dngjbmbýg. Ai ugbjij \3 ¸Mýfh sn
pnrfbtn qun na ifhr, ai crimbi y na égbfh uyig jn ug fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi i htrh rnaimbhgi ai sigbjij mhg ais
rnaimbhgns nstrnm`is8
(]tc >?9;). Ais dungis rnaimbhgns kifbabirns an jig siauj ia munrph, ia iafi, i ai fngtn y
ia nspærbtu. \nrh ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi qun sn sbngtng jbstigmbijhs pbnrjng na phjnr
jn sigir y jn sigirsn jn jbvnrsis `nrbjis. :
Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi nspnrig sngtbrsn ugbjhs ughs mhg htrhs. Gh jnsnig qun
ugh h fés fbnfdrhs sn sbngtig ianoijhs. Ngthgmns, ¸mýfh hmurrn nstn sngtbfbngth jn
9:=

9:: Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

jbstigmbifbngth8 ]umnjn muigjh ais kifbabis jig phr sngtijh qun thjhs sbngtng qun
pnrtngnmng. ^g nrrhr mhfÿg ns pngsir qun ai mnrmigæi kæsbmi h na pirngtnsmh
pirngtnsmh isncurig ai
mnrmigæi nfhmbhgia. \nrh nsth gh ns vnrjij. Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi punjng vbvbr
ugh ia aijh jna htrh, pnrh iug isæ sngtbrsn jbstigtns.
D. Gunvn miusis jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh jn ai kifbabi y sus shaumbhg shaumbhgns.
ns.
\0 ¸Yuâ punjn
miusir qun ugi pnrshgi 9. Miusi? Na krimish ng ahcrir `imnr jna `hcir ug aucir sncurh, kæsbmi y nfhmbhgiafngtn,
sn sbngti bgsncuri kæsbmi h `imn qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi sn sbngtig jbstigmbijhs. >
nfhmbhgiafngtn ng su `hcir8
Na sngtbfbngth jn bgsncurbjij ng ugi kifbabi ns na prbgmbpia ngnfbch jn ai mnrmigæi.
\2 ¸Mýfh rnimmbhgi Ai ifngizi jn idush punjn `imnr qun ugi pnrshgi sn sbngti kæsbmifngtn bgsncuri.
ugi pnrshgi qun gh sn sbngtn
sncuri ng na `hcir8
Ai durai, ai mrætbmi y na jnsprnmbh punjng `imnr qun ugi pnrshgi sbngti qun gh jndn
mhfpirtbr sus pngsifbngths gb nfhmbhgns. Na `hcir yi gh ns ug aucir mhgidan piri
ai pnrshgi qun sn sbngtn utbabziji h qun ns væmtbfi jn idush phr htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai
kifbabi. Muigjh ghs sngtbfhs bgsncurhs, ghs jnkngjnfhs ianoégjhghs jn iqunaahs qun
punjng `imnrghs jiùh.
\ 9< ¸Yuâ sumnjn ]haumbýg? primtbqun ai rncai jn hrh. Zritn i htrhs mhfh an custiræi qun naahs ah
muigjh ugi kifbabi tritirig i ustnj (Ft 3?945 Am ;?=9). \hr nonfpah, funstrn rnspnth. Nsth ans jnfunstri
mhgtbgÿi fngmbhgigjh ug
nrrhr pisijh8
i ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi qun ustnj ahs viahri. Naahs sn sngtbrég fés mnrmi y fés
 idbnrths muigjh ghtng su rnspnth. Ais pnrshgis jn thjh na fugjh funstrig su rnspnth
ng fum`is khrfis jbknrngtns. Fhstrir rnspnth, phr ah cngnria, bgmauyn prncugtirans i
ais pnrshgis sus hpbgbhgns, nsmum`ir sbg bgtnrrufpbr, nahcbir i ugi pnrshgi krngtn i
ahs jnfés y tritir i ais pnrshgis jn ugi fignri ifidan, cngtba y pbijhsi, isæ mhfh
Onsÿs ghs triti i ghshtrhs. Muigjh sn mhfugbmi rnspnth mhg piaidris y immbhgns, sn
igbfi i ais pnrshgis i imnrmirsn.
4. Miusi? Gunstrh krimish ng figtngnr bgtnrâs
bgtnrâs ng ahs htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai
kifbabi hmisbhgi qun naahs sn sbngtig jbstigmbijhs. Muigjh mrnnfhs qun
sidnfhs thjh imnrmi jn gunstrh mýgyucn n `bohs, yi gh bgtngtifhs mhghmnrahs fés
prhkugjifngtn. I ai cngtn gh an custi mhfpirtbr sus pngsifbngths mhg iacubng i

qubng gh anfés
ngmungtrn bfphrtig. H iacubng
bgtnrnsigtns. qun nstâ idurrbjh
Yuâ hrcuaahshs shfhs iapunjn dusmir
pngsir i htrhs i qubngns
qun mhghmnfhs i htri
pnrshgi mhfpantifngtn.
mhfpantifngtn. Cnhrcn Sis`bgcthg MirvMirvnr,
nr, ug kifhsh mbngtæmh
mbngtæmh,, pisý th
thji
ji
su vbji dusmigjh jnsmudrbr thjis ais muiabjijns y ushs nsmhgjbjhs jna figæ. ¡Muégth
fés crigjns shg ahs fbstnrbhs jn ug snr `ufigh!
\ 99 ¸Mýfh sn sbngtng ^g ijhansmngtn mhfngzý i sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh, shabtirbh y rnm`izijh phr su
ahs gbùhs h ahs oývngns kifbabi. Nstidi iprngjbngjh i thmir ai cubtirri, pnrh i sus pijrns gh ans bfphrtidi.
muigjh ahs pijrns gh
pirnmng bgtnrnsirsn ng naahs8
Âa sidæi qun gh phjæi thmir fuy dbng, pnrh gijbn ah igbfidi i sncubr nskhrzégjhsn.
Ijnfés, su pijrn usuiafngtn nstidi fuy hmupijh piri pisir tbnfph mhg âa. Mairh,
\ 94 ¸Yuâ tbph jn
na pijrn gh nri dungh ng ahs jnphrtns, pnrh ia fnghs phjræi oucir ug phmh i ai pnahti
prncugtis jndng ahs pijrns
pijrns mhg âa. Jnspuâs jn jhs iùhs jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh, na fum`im`h mhfngzý i kufir
`imnrans i sus `bohs8 mbcirrbaahs. Ia tnrmnr iùh mhfngzý i usir jrhcis y sn kun jn ai misi. ¸Jn qubâg kun ai
muapi jn qun na `boh sn nxtrivbiri8
]haumbýg? Nxmivn ug phmh. ]u kifbabi ns mhfh ug tnshrh nsmhgjbjh ng ug
mifph. Miji pnrshgi ns ugi mrnimbýg firivbaahsi jn Jbhs y kun mrniji i ai bficng
jn Jbhs. \æjian ia Nspærbtu ]igth qun an iyujn i iprnmbir y i mhfprngjnr i ahs
fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi. Gbâcunsn i pisir phr iath ais firivbaais qun sn ngmungtrig
dioh su prhpbh tnm`h.
tnm`h. ]u kifbabi ns su fiyhr tnshrh tnrrngia.
Mircun ia dndâ i fngujh. Færnah i ahs hohs y `édanan. I fnjbji qun ahs gbùhs mrnmng,
nsmÿm`nahs y `écians prncugtis. Jnsmudri muéans shg sus mhfbjis kivhrbtis, ai fÿsbmi,
ahs tnfis, ahs tridiohs y ais pnrshgis qun prnnrn. @iy tnshrhs ng su `hcir, pnrh jndn
nxmivir piri jnsmudrbrahs.

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9:>

=. Miusi? Na gh pisir tbnfph mhg ai kifbabi hmisbhgi qun sus fbnfdrhs sn sbngtig \ 9= ¸Muéans shg
;
jbstigmbijhs. Ai mnrmigæi
tbnfph ougths. Muigth ngtrn ahs
fnghs tbnfph fbnfdrhs
pisng jnfbnfdrhs
ougths ahs ai kifbabijnnxbcn qun pisng
ugi kifbabi, f és
fés
iacugispunjng
pijrns fignris ng qun
pisir ahs
tbnfph
tbnfph
mhg sus `bohs8
jbstigmbijhs sn sngtbrég ughs jn htrhs. Na fbgbstnrbh y na tridioh phjræig nxbcbr thjh
na tbnfph qun tngcifhs sb sn ah pnrfbtbfhs. ]bnfprn `iy fés tridioh phr `imnr.
]haumbýg? \isng tbnfph ougths. \ijrns, aanvng i sus `bohs mhg ustnjns muigjh
punjig. Fijrns, bgvhaumrng i sus `bohs ng sus imtbvbjijns. Mhfig ougths. Isbstig
mhg naahs i ahs nvngths. Aanvng i su kifbabi jn vimimbhgns. Isbstig i ai bcansbi.
Zngcig jnvhmbhgians ng misi. [bsbtng i ahs pirbngtns. ]bnfdrng ug oirjæg. Zridiong
ng su misi. Tæig y aahrng. @icig thjh nsh ougths. Mrnng ahs rnmunrjhs qun snrég mhfh
pncifngth qun ugbré i thjhs
thjhs ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi.
Jnspuâs jn virbhs iùhs jn vbvbr snpirijhs, ughs `nrfighs y `nrfigis sn ngmhgtrirhg
gunvifngtn yi sbngjh ijuaths. Mhfngzirhg i fngmbhgir sus rnmunrjhs jn ai gbùnz, ahs
vbions ougths `imbi ai nsmunai, na tridioh ng na mifph, ais migmbhgns qun naahs migtidig
ng kifbabi. I fnjbji qun rnmhrjidig, sn sngtæig fés mnrmi ughs jn htrhs. Jnspuâs jn
fum`hs iùhs, ahs rnmunrjhs mhfpirtbjhs nrig ug kunrtn vægmuah ngtrn naahs.
:. Miusi? Na krimish ia gh phjnr mhgtrhair ahs mnahs ngtrn ahs `bohs hmisbhgi qun \ 9: Fngmbhgn trns
iacughs jn naahs sn sbngtig jbstigmbijhs. 3 Ns mhfÿg qun ug gbùh qubnri qun su nonfpahs dædabmhs jn mnahs
ngtrn `nrfighs.
pijrn ah ifn fés qu qunn i ahs htrhs. Miæg nstidi mnahsh jn Idna. Ahs gbùhs sn mhfpirig
ngtrn sæ piri vnr sb ahs pijrns ifig i miji fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi phr bcuia. ]b ug gbùh
sukrn ugi bgoustbmbi jn pirtn jn ug `nrfigh h mrnn qun ugh jn ahs pijrns ifi fés ia
`nrfigh, punjn ianoirsn jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi. Tnmunrjn mýfh Nsiÿ sn ianoý
jn Oimhd. Ahs `nrfighs jn Ohsâ ah vngjbnrhg mhfh nsmaivh phrqun nstidig mnahshs
 phr na kivhrbtbsfh qun su pijrn
pijrn an jnfhstridi.
^g gbùh punjn tritir jn bgubr ng ahs pijrns piri snr su kivhrbth. Iug iacughs jn ahs
ipýsthans, mhfh Oimhdh y Ouig, qunræig qun Onsÿs ahs kivhrnmbnri fés qun i ahs htrhs
(Fr 9<?=>-=3). Jna fbsfh fhjh, ug gbùh punjn dusmir na kivhrbtbsfh nahcbégjhsn i
sæ fbsfh. \unjn jnsmrbdbr ug nvngth jn tia fignri qun su `nrfigh sn vni mhfh ug
jnfhgbh, pnrh qun âa fbsfh pirnzmi ug égcna. Mhfh jbmn na prhvnrdbh? ‑¡Muigjh ug
`hfdrn girri su prhpbi `bsthrbi, âa sbnfprn sn vnré mhfh ug `ârhn!‖.
]haumbýg? Mhgtrhan ahs mnahs y ai rbviabjij ng su kifbabi. Ngsâùnans i sus `bohs \ 9> ¸]nr ousths
qun snr tritijhs oustifngtn gh sbcgbmi snr tritijhs phr bcuia. Nxpaæqunans qun ustnj sbcgbmi qun ahs pijrns
jndng tritir i thjhs sus
triti i miji `boh jn imunrjh mhg su njij y su sbgcuairbjij. Ng cngnria, muigth fiyhr `bohs jn ai fbsfi fignri8
sni na gbùh, fés prbvbancbhs y rnsphgsidbabjijns tngjré. Nxpabqun.
Muigjh sni phsbdan, pnrfbti qun ahs gbùhs rnsunavig sus rbùis ngtrn naahs. Cuænahs
sncÿg sni gnmnsirbh. Zhfn tbnfph piri qun ai kifbabi sn rnÿgi piri tritir ahs prhdanfis
kifbabirns (vni ai miusi 2 fés idioh). ¡Zngci ugi rnugbýg kifbabir igtns jn qun Miæg
fitn i Idna!
Zngci mubjijh jn fhstriran ifhr i miji `boh jn fignris nspnmbians. Nvbtn kivhrnmnr \ 9; ¸Mýfh kun qun
i ug gbùh fés qun i htrh, phrqun nsth ns mhfh snfdrir snfbaais jn hjbh ng ai kifbabi. Oimhd snfdrý snfbaais jn
hjbh ngtrn sus `bohs8
Gh an rncian i Ohsâ ugi tÿgbmi nspnmbia.
nspnmbia.
>. Miusi? Na krimish piri ioustirsn
ioustirsn i ahs mifdbhs hmisbhgi qun ahs fbnfdrhs
jn ai kifbabi sn sbngtig jbstigmbijhs. Zhji kifbabi itrivbnsi pnrbhjhs jn mifdbh.
Na gimbfbngth jn gbùhs, tridiohs gunvhs, ngknrfnjijns y na ngvnonmbfbngth shg shah
iacughs jn ahs mifdbhs qun ngkrngtig ais kifbabis. Ng riris hmisbhgns thjh pnrfignmn
bcuia5 ais mhsis fnohrig h nfpnhrig, mrnmng h jnming. Jurigtn ahs mifdbhs jn ai
vbji, sb su kifbabi gh mrnmn ougti, ngthgmns sn snpiri. I mhgtbguimbýg, prnsngtifhs
iacughs nonfpahs jn ngkrngtir ahs mifdbhs mhg rnimmbhgns jnmbngtns qun hmisbhgig
qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi sn snpirng.

9:; Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

• Iacughs gbncig na mifdbh. Jbmng? ‑Fbs `bohs sbnfprn pngsirég jn fæ jn ai fbsfi

fignri qun muigjh nrig fés oývngns. Ais mhsis gh `ig mifdbijh‖.
• Iacughs
‑Gugmi ahsnbgtngtirâ‖.
rnsbstng ia ‑Gugmi
mifdbh. ah
Jbmng? ‑¡Gugmi
imnptirâ‖. fn`bohs
‑Fbs hdabciré i `imnr
gugmi iach isæ!‖.
sn vnstbrég isæ‖.
‑Nsis gunvis migmbhgns qun migtig ng na tnfpah gh shg tig nspbrbtuians mhfh ahs
vbnohs `bfghs. Gh ais vhy i migtir‖.
• Iacughs sn rnsbngtng phr na mifdbh. Jbmng? ‑Naai gh ns ai fbsfi qun nri muigjh
ghs misifhs. ¡Fn sbngth ngciùijh y i`hri nsthy itripijh!‖. ‑Fbs `bohs shaæig
hdnjnmnr thjh ah qun ans jnmæi, sbg munstbhgir. \nrh i`hri gh fn rnspntig. Yubnrng
thfir sus prhpbis jnmbsbhgns ng vnz jn jnoirfn jnmbrans quâ `imnr‖.
\ 93 Jnsmrbdi ugi ]haumbýg? Gh sn hphgci i thjh mifdbh. Nxbstng trns maisns jn mifdbhs? fiahs,
dungi imtbtuj `imbi na mifdbh. gnutrians y dunghs. Muigjh gh ghs ioustifhs i ahs mifdbhs, ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai
kifbabi sn snpirig. Gh phjnfhs mhgtrhair fum`is mhsis ng ai vbji. Isæ qun, muigjh
aancung ahs mifdbhs, ioÿstnsn i naahs. Iacughs cigig ugi pnqunùi ditiaai, pnrh
pbnrjng ai cunrri. Ng ai kifbabi y ng thji ai vbji, jndnfhs nsmhcnr quâ ditiaais
pnanir y muéans bcghrir
bcghrir.. Ioÿstnsn i ais pnqunùis mhsis qun gh bfphrtig fum`h.

¡Iprâgjisn iacugisrfn
\nrh, figtâgcisn jn ais
ng gunvis migmbhgns
ahs viahrns qun ahsjnoývngns
bfphrtigtns thji aimigtig ng na mhfh
vbji, tians tnfpah!
ai
`hgnstbjij, na ifhr, ai dhgjij, na `hghr, ai fbsnrbmhrjbi, ai kn, ai ifidbabjij, ai
sigtbjij y ai cngtbanzi.
\ 90 ¸Jndnræi ug I ug pijrn gh an custidi na nstbah jn pnbgijh qun su `boh usidi. ]n pirnmæi ia
pijrn jnmbran i su `boh
`boh mýfh
pnbgijh qun usidig ahs htrhs gbùhs jn ai nsmunai. Na midnaah an mudræi ais hrnois y nana
pnbgirsn8 Nxpabqun.
munaah jn ai mifbsi. Na pijrn gugmi `idæi usijh su pnah jn nsi fignri y gh qunræi
qun su `boh usiri nsn pnbgijh. Iug isæ, na pijrn gh mrbtbmý i su `boh, yi qun sidæi qun
âa nstidi mifdbigjh jn gbùh i `hfdrn. Fbngtris hridi, na pijrn jnmbjbý qun nstn nri
ug pnqunùh mifdbh qun gh bfphrtidi fum`h. Nstidi hrcuaahsh jna mirémtnr jn su `boh
y jn su ifhr phr Jbhs. Na pijrn hptý phr pngsir ng nstis mhsis y imnptir na mifdbh jn
pnbgijh jn su `boh.
Ahs vhths fitrbfhgbians ng fum`is muaturis prhfntng aniatij, bgmaush muigjh sn
 prhjumng crigjns mifdbhs. Ais pirnois prhfntng ifirsn, mubjirsn y rnspntirsn, ‑ng ah
Kbcuri >.= dungh
ahs jæisy jn
ng su
ah fiah,
vbji‖.ng ai mifdbhs
Ahs rbqunzi ypunjng
rbqunzi ng ai phdrnzi, ng ai Ns
snr jbkæmbans. siauj
phrynsh
ng ai ngknrfnjij,
ngknrfnj
qun ij, thjhs
sn gnmnsbtig ahs
Ng fum`is muaturis, ais
irchaais sbcgbmig ahs vhths fitrbfhgbians. Jn ai fbsfi fignri, ahs pijrns jndng ifir i sus `bohs muigjh sn
0

vhths fitrbfhgbians. prhjumng crigjns mifdbhs ng ai kifbabi.

\ 92 ¸Yuâ miusý qun ai

;. Miusi? Ai kiati jn funstris jn ifhr y iknmth hmisbhgi jbstigmbifbngth. ^gi
nsphsi jn Gidia sn sbgtbnri nsphsi tngæi idugjigmbi jn iabfngths, pnrh nstidi `ifdrbngti jn iknmth phr pirtn
jbstigmbiji jn âa8 jn Gidia, su nsphsh. Naai nri dungi fijrn y na nsphsi. \nrh âa gugmi an jbrbcæi
ugi piaidri ifidan. Naai an prnpiridi sus iabfngths, an aividi ai rhpi y an sitbskimæi
thjis sus gnmnsbjijns snxuians. Zridioidi jurh jnsjn ai fiùigi `isti ai ghm`n y
gugmi sn qunoidi. \nrh nstn `hfdrn kræh, bgsngsbdan, jnsmhgsbjnrijh n bgnxprnsbvh
gugmi an jnfhstridi gbgcÿg ifhr. Gugmi ai thmidi tbnrgifngtn gb an jnmæi? ‑Zn
ifh. Crimbis phr nsmhcnrfn piri snr tu nsphsh‖. Gugmi sn hkrnmbý piri fisionir
sus pbns ijhahrbjhs gb sus `hfdrhs migsijhs. Âa gugmi ai siaujidi mhg ugi shgrbsi
gb an prncugti mýfh `idæi pisijh na jæi. Ng ugi hmisbýg, kunrhg i mhfnr i ug

rnstiurigtn. \iri qunAian nsphsi

`idaý ifidanfngtn. jbnrig pngsý?
ug dung snrvbmbh,
‑Fn custiræiâa qun
an shgrbý i ai mifirnri
fb nsphsh fn tritiriytig
an
ifidanfngtn mhfh triti i nsti mifirnri, pnrh ng vnz jn nsh, âa fn triti mhfh sb
yh kunri ugi sbrvbngti jn su rnbgh‖.
\ 4< ¸Jn quâ fignri
sus pijrns an jnfhstridig ]haumbýg? @idan na bjbhfi qun na htrh ngtbngji. ¸Yuâ ns ifhr y iknmth8 Ai Dbdabi
su ifhr i ustnj8 nxpabmi ais mirimtnræstbmis jna ifhr.

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9:3

:
‑Na ifhr ns sukrbjh, ns dngbcgh5 na ifhr gh tbngn ngvbjbi, na ifhr gh ns \ 49 ¸Jn quâ fignri
oimtigmbhsh, gh sn ngvignmn5 > gh `imn giji bgjndbjh, gh dusmi ah suyh, gh sn ustnj bgtngtiré jnfhstrir su
ifhr i sus `bohs8
brrbti, gh cuirji rngmhr5 ; gh sn chzi jn ai bgoustbmbi, fis sn chzi jn ai vnrjij.
3
Zhjh ah sukrn, thjh ah mrnn, thjh ah nspnri, thjh ah shphrti‖ (9 Mh 9=?:-3).
9=?:-3).
Na munrph gnmnsbti iabfngths piri pnrfignmnr siaujidan. Jna fbsfh fhjh, na iafi y
ais nfhmbhgns gnmnsbtig itngmbýg, tnrguri y mhgtimth kæsbmh piri nstir sighs.
Ai cngtn ng na fbsfh fugjh `idai jbknrngtns bjbhfis. Jn bcuia fhjh, ais pnrshgis
jn ai fbsfi kifbabi `idaig jbknrngtns bjbhfis jn ifhr. Mhgsbjnrn nsths mbgmh bjbhfis
jna ifhr? 2
• Iacughs `idaig na bjbhfi jna ifhr y sn sbngtng ifijhs i trivâs jn ifidans
piaidris jn iabngth.
• Iacughs `idaig na bjbhfi jna ifhr y sn sbngtng ifijhs i trivâs jn tbnfphs
mhfpirtbjhs.
• Iacughs `idaig na bjbhfi jna ifhr y sn sbngtng ifijhs i trivâs jn rnciahs.
• Iacughs `idaig na bjbhfi jna ifhr y sn sbngtng ifijhs i trivâs jn imths ifidans.
• Iacughs `idaig na bjbhfi jna ifhr y sn sbngtng ifijhs phr fnjbh jn mirbmbis
y idrizhs.
Igiabmn i miji fbnfdrh jn su kifbabi. Jnsmudrbré qun gh thjhs `idaig na fbsfh
bjbhfi jna ifhr, iugqun iacughs phjræig `idair virbhs bjbhfis jna ifhr. Jn `nm`h,
na nsphsh y ai nsphsi i fngujh nxprnsig na ifhr jn jbknrngtns fignris. Ns bfphrtigtn
`idair na bjbhfi qun na htrh punji mhfprngjnr. ]uphgcifhs qun Chhj `idai shaifngtn
bgcaâs y Dhg `idai shaifngtn krigmâs. ]b Chhj jbmn? ‑B ahvn yhu‖, ¸an mhfprngjnræi
Dhg88 Jn bcuia fignri, ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi jndng iprngjnr i nxprnsir na ifhr
Dhg
jn ugi fignri qun tngci na féxbfh sbcgbmijh piri ahs jnfés. ^g nsphsh punjn `imnr
fum`is dungis immbhgns piri jnmbran ‑tn ifh‖ i su nsphsi. \nrh sb na prbgmbpia bjbhfi
jna ifhr jn naai shg ais piaidris ifidans, âa jndn ng hmisbhgns usir piaidris piri jnmbran
‑tn ifh‖. Jna fbsfh fhjh, ns phsbdan qun âa gnmnsbtn iprngjnr ahs bjbhfis jn tbnfphs
mhfpirtbjhs y jn mirbmbis y idrizhs piri htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi.
^g pijrn sn phrtidi fuy ifidanfngtn mhg su kifbabi, pnrh, iug isæ, ugi jn sus `bois, \ 44 ¸\hr quâ Jâdhri
Jâdhri, gh sn sngtæi ifiji phr âa. \iri naai na bjbhfi jna ifhr nrig ahs idrizhs y ais gh sn sngtæi ifiji phr
su pijrn8
mirbmbis. Iacugis vnmns an jidi i su pipé ug idrizh h an thmidi na `hfdrh y an jnmæi?
‑tn ifh‖. \nrh pisirhg ahs iùhs y su pijrn ai imirbmbý fuy phmh. Muigjh naai aancý i
su ijhansmngmbi, dusmý ng ahs `hfdrns oývngns na ifhr qun gugmi rnmbdbý jn su pijrn.
Ahs pijrns sidbhs sidng bgtnrprntir qun na aaigth jn ug gbùh punjn sbcgbmir \ 4= ¸Yuâ jbmn na aaigth
jn ug gbùh8 Nxpabqun.
 Idrézifn . ^g dnsh ng ug chapn h ng ug fhrntýg gh qubti na jhahr5 pnrh na iafi jna
gbùh sn miafi (`imbngjh qun sn sbngti fnohr) phr ai mhgnxbýg mhg na ifhr jna pijrn h
jn ai fijrn. Muigjh na pijrn nxtbngjn ai figh y ah imirbmbi, iach pisi qun `imn qun
na jhahr pirnzmi fnghs bfphrtigtn. 9< \hr na mhgtrirbh, na gbùh qun ns jnoijh shah mhg
su jhahr punjn sncubr aahrigjh fum`h jnspuâs jn qun na jhahr kæsbmh `iyi pisijh. Âa
sn sbngtn shah y su iafi aahri piri qun iacubng funstrn ifhr y mhgsbjnrimbýg. Jn bcuia
fignri, ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi jn thjis ais njijns gnmnsbtig ifhr y iknmth.
3. Miusi? Ai kiati jn imnptimbýg,
imnptimbýg, iphyh y nstæfuah `imn qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai \ 4: Fngmbhgn ug
nonfpah jn mýfh ai kiati jn
kifbabi sn sbngtig jbstigmbijhs. I ai njij jn 4= iùhs, ugi `boi qun nstidi misiji
imnptimbýg i ug fbnfdrh
ans jboh i sus pijrns qun jnsnidi snr fbsbhgnri. Ahs pijrns gh imnptirhg nsth y ng jn ai kifbabi ah `bzh sngtbr
su aucir an hkrnmbnrhg fum`h jbgnrh piri qun tridioiri ng na gnchmbh kifbabir. Nsth jbstigmbijh.
`brbý ahs sngtbfbngths jn ai `boi. Iug isæ, ahs pijrns gh imnptirhg ahs jnsnhs jn su
`boi jn snrvbr iqubtégjhan
su tnstifngth, Jbhs mhfhaifbsbhgnri. Mhgtritirhg
`nrngmbi qun i ug idhcijh
an mhrrnsphgjæi. y ai nxmauynrhg
Nsth hmisbhgý jn
qun ai `boi
sn sbgtbnri fuy jbstigmbiji jn sus pijrns. ]bg nfdirch, jnspuâs jn jbnz iùhs, sus
rnaimbhgns sn sigirhg. Ahs pijrns fhstrirhg su imnptimbýg y rnspiajh phr ai jnmbsbýg
jn su `boi jn snr fbsbhgnri.

9:0 Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

]haumbýg? Mhfugbqun imnptimbýg igbfigjh i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi i

primtbmir ais mhsis dungis qun ans bgtnrnsig. ^gi fijrn qunræi qun su `boi
iprngjbnri i thmir na pbigh. Ai gbùi primtbmidi fum`is `hris, pnrh Jbhs gh an `idæi
jijh tiangth piri ai fÿsbmi. Mhg na tbnfph, ai fijrn mhfprngjbý qun su `boi gh
jbskrutidi tritigjh jn iprngjnr nsti jnstrnzi fusbmia. \nrh sæ sn jbvnrtæi jbduoigjh.
Isæ qun, ai fijrn ai bgmngtbvý i jbduoir y an picý iacugis anmmbhgns. Nstn nstæfuah y
rnspiajh hmisbhgirhg qun ai fijrn y ai `boi kunrig fuy ugbjis.
\ 4> \bngsn ng ug ^g pijrn jnsnidi qun su `boh mhgtbguiri mhg na gnchmbh kifbabir. \nrh na `boh sn
nonfpah jn iacubng i qubng
sngtæi bgmabgijh i snr finstrh. \hr ug tbnfph, nsth rnprnsngtý ugi jnmnpmbýg piri na
ustnj sbngti fuy mnrmigh
phrqun imnptý su jnmbsbýg.
jnmbsbýg. pijrn, pnrh gh sn ah figbknstý i su `boh. Ng mifdbh, jnspuâs jn fum`i hrimbýg, igbfý
i su `boh i mhgvnrtbrsn ng finstrh. Jn nsti fignri na pijrn y na `boh pnrfignmbnrhg
ugbjhs. Jn ah mhgtrirbh, na `boh sn `idræi sngtbjh ianoijh jn su pijrn.
Muigjh ustnj mhfugbmi imnptimbýg, nsi pnrshgi nstiré jbspunsti i mhfpirtbr mhg
ustnj sus pngsifbngths y sngtbfbngths. Ai imnptimbýg gh sbcgbmi qun ustnj pbngsn qun
ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi shg pnrknmths. Fés dbng, sbcgbmi qun ahs ifi tia mhfh shg.
Ng mhgtristn, ais piaidris jn mrætbmi hmisbhgig qun ais pnrshgis sn rntbrng h jbsmutig.
Nsth gh iyuji i jnsirrhaair mnrmigæi. Ai imnptimbýg pnrfbtn qun ais pnrshgis sn sbngtig
sncuris jn mhfpirtbr su mhrizýg (Th 9>?3).
Muigjh ustnj ans mhfugbmi i su mýgyucn y i sus `bohs qun ahs iphyi, ans jnfunstri
qun thjhs shg ug nqubph. Ais pnrshgis shg fés kunrtns muigjh sidng qun gh nstég shais.
]idng qun iacubng vn su tridioh y ah viahri. Zbngng i iacubng qun ahs igbfi muigjh naahs
nstég tritigjh jn fnohrir. ]idng qun iacubng ahs bgmngtbviré y ahs iyujiré. ]b ustnj ans
trigsfbtn iphyh, nsth iufngtiré ai mnrmigæi (Kba 4?:->).
Igbfn n bgspbrn i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi shdrn ah qun punjng aancir i snr. Jbhs
tritý jn nsti khrfi i Cnjnýg. Na égcna jna ]nùhr aancý i jhgjn Cnjnýg muigjh âa sn
nsmhgjæi jn sus ngnfbchs y nstidi trbaaigjh na trbch. Cnjnýg nri na fnghs bfphrtigtn
jn su kifbabi y su maig nri na fés jâdba jn su trbdu. \nrh na égcna jna ]nùhr aancý i
âa tia mhfh nri. ]iaujý i Cnjnýg jbmbngjh? ‑On`hvé nsté mhgtbch, virýg nskhrzijh y
viabngtn‖ (Oun ;?94). Jbhs imnptý i Cnjnýg tia mhfh nri, pnrh Âa tngæi ugi vbsbýg jn ah
qun Cnjnýg aanciræi i snr (Oun ;?3-9;).
Nahcbn ah dungh qun Jbhs `i punsth ng miji fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi. Figtngci ai
miafi muigjh sn figbnstig ai fiajij h na pnmijh y tngci kn ng ai hdri jn Jbhs ng miji
ugh. @édanans mhg piaidris jn kn, mhgigzi y égbfh i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi.
Cnjnýg aum`ý piri mhgvnrtbrsn ng na cunrrnrh qun Jbhs `idæi prnvbsth. Ditiaaý mhg ai
juji y na tnfhr (Oun ;?9=, 9>, 4=, 43, =;-:<5 3?9<-99). \nrh miji vnz qun nsth hmurræi,
Jbhs ah igbfidi rnmhrjégjhan qun na ]nùhr nstidi mhg Âa.
\ 4; Fngmbhgn ug 0. Miusi? Ai kiati
kiati jn pnrjýg hmisbhgi qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi sn sbngtig
nonfpah qun jnfunstrn qun
jbstigmbijhs. Gncirsn i pnrjhgir snp
snpiri
iri i ais pnrshgis. Ns
Nsth
th anvigti ug furh ngtrn
ai kiati jn pnrjýg snpiri i
ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi. naahs y ahs `imn sngtbrsn ipirtijhs ughs jn ahs htrhs. Jivbj y su `boh Idsiaýg sn
jbstigmbirhg jndbjh i ugi hkngsi ngtrn naahs. Ghshtrhs nstédifhs ipirtijhs jn Jbhs,
 snpirijhs phr ahs pnmijhs qun mhfntbfhs mhgtri Âa. Gh phjæifhs imnrmirghs i Jbhs
`isti qun Âa ghs pnrjhgý phr fnjbh jn Mrbsth.
Jn bcuia fignri, ai kiati jna pnrjýg jnstruyn ais rnaimbhgns ng ugi kifbabi. Yubzés ug
pijrn sn gbncun i pnrjhgir i ug ijhansmngtn phr ivnrchgzir i ai kifbabi. ^g nsphsh gh
pnrjhgý i su nsphsi phr jnstrub
jnstrubrr na iut
iuthfývba
hfývba jn ai kifbabi. Oimhd y Nsiÿ sn mhgvbrtbnrhg
ng `nrfighs jbstigmbijhs jndbjh i ai kiati jn pnrjýg.
]haumbýg? \nrjhgn piri sbnfprn y snpuatn ai hkngsi. Gh fngmbhgn ai hkngsi

\ 43 ¸Mýfh ns qun gugmi fés. ¸Tnmunrji ia gbùh qun sbcubý jnsngtnrrigjh ia pnrrh funrth8 99 Jna fbsfh
fhjh, muigjh pnrjhgifhs, jndnræifhs ngtnrrir thji ai hkngsi y gugmi vhavnr i
simir i ai auz nrrhrns
pisijhs ns mhfh
mhfh jnsngtnrrir
fngmbhgirah. Muigjh jnsngtnrrifhs ais mhsis funrtis jna pisijh, nsth `imn qun
i ug pnrrh funrth8 ghshtrhs y thji ai misi ipnstnfhs.

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9:2

Muigjh ustnj pnrjhgi, ans idrn na mhrizýg i su mýgyucn y i htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai

kifbabi. Ahs pijrns jndng snr ug nonfpah jn pnrjhgir i ahs jnfés. Zhjhs `nrbfhs ahs
sngtbfbngths jn htrhs ng iacÿg fhfngth. \nrh sb ustnj sn gbnci i pnrjhgir h i rnmhghmnr
qun gnmnsbti rnmbdbr pnrjýg, su mhrizýg sn ngjurnmnré. Iacugis
Iacugis hrns mbnrrig sus pâtiahs
ia ighm`nmnr. \hr ai fiùigi, sn idrng muigjh sian na sha. Jna fbsfh fhjh, na miahr y ai
auz jna pnrjýg idrng i su kifbabi piri qun sn vunavi mnrmigi (Ft 90?49-=>).
^g gbùh tritidi jn iyujir i su fifé ng ai mhmbgi. Ngthgmns sn an miyý ug
tizýg crigjn y ifirbaah qun ai idunai an `idæi jijh i su fijrn. Na tizýg sn `bzh
pnjizhs shdrn
shdrn na pbsh. Na gbùh mhfngzý i aahrir phrqun sid
sidæi
æi muégth sbcgbmidi
nstn piri su fifé. \nrh naai ah idrizý y an jboh? ‑Gh aahrns phr na tizýg. Ahs
tizhgns vbngng y sn vig5 pnrh tÿ, `boh fæh, nrns na chzh jn fb mhrizýg. Zÿ snrés
crigjn y kunrtn y fn jirés fum`i iancræi muigjh an sbrvis ia ]nùhr. ¡Zÿ vians
fés piri fæ qun thjhs ahs tizhgns jn thjis ais misis!‖. Na gbùh mrnmbý y sn
`bzh ug ijuath. Ng ahs sbcubngtns vnbgtn iùhs, naai gugmi fngmbhgý na
tizýg rhth, ¡gb sbqubnri ugi vnz! @hy, ai fijrn nsté ng na mbnah, pnrh na
gbùh thjivæi rnmunrji na pnrjýg qun rnmbdbý jn su fijrn mhg sus piaidris
bgspbrijhris jn iabngth. Jndbjh ia pnrjýg, ah qun pujh snr ug fia rnmunrjh sn
mhgvbrtbý ng ugh dungh.
Kbcuri >.: Jndbjh ia
Bfbtn i Jbhs qun ghs pnrjhgi (Nk >?9-4). R rnmunrjn, Jbhs shah pnrjhgi i ahs qun pnrjýg, ah qun pujh snr ug
pnrjhgig i ahs jnfés (Ft ;?94, 9:-9>5 90?49-=>). Iquna qun pnrjhgi abdnri i ug fia rnmunrjh, sn mhgvbrtbý
prbsbhgnrh, shah piri jnsmudrbr
jnsmudrbr qun na prbsbhgnrh nri âa fbsfh.
fbsfh. ng ugh dungh.
2. Miusi? Na gh snr rnanvigtn, idbnrth
idbnrth y `hgnsth miusi jbstigmbifbngth.
jbstigmbifbngth. ]ngtbrsn
ianoijh hmurrn muigjh ais pnrshgis sn gbncig i `idair idbnrtifngtn imnrmi jn isugths
bfphrtigtns. Iacughs tnfis shg jbkæmbans jn tritir5 isæ qun, ahs pijrns shg tngtijhs i
nvbtirahs. \nrh nsth ns ug crivn nrrhr. Mhgsbjnrn ai pirédhai jna mhmhjrbah.
^gi kifbabi sn sngtý i ugi fnsi, mnrmi jna ræh, piri mngir ougths. Ai mhfbji nstidi
jnabmbhsi y thjh trigsmurræi trigqubaifngtn. Ngthgmns, jhs hohs ipirnmbnrhg ng na ræh
ishfégjhsn oustifngtn shdrn na icui. Ahs hohs nrig crigjns, mhfh ahs jn ug munrvh.
Ahs pijrns ahs vbnrhg y ugh jn ahs ijhansmngtns tifdbâg, pnrh ahs fés pnqunùhs gh. Ahs \ 40 ¸Yuâ anmmbýg
hohs mhfngzirhg i imnrmirsn angtifngtn fés y fés `imbi ai fnsi. Iug isæ, gijbn jboh ngsnùi ai pirédhai
giji imnrmi jn nshs ahs hohs. Jn rnpngtn, na mhmhjrbah siatý kunri jna ræh. Na icui siapbmý jna mhmhjrbah8
i thjhs ng ai fnsi y itripý mhg kunrzi na pbn jna ijhansmngtn. Na igbfia mhfngzý i
irristrir ia ijhansmngtn `imbi na ræh. Na ohvng y na mhmhjrbah aum`irhg ng na ahjh mnrmi jna
dhrjn jna icui. Ai kifbabi ngtnri nstidi mhgstnrgiji, pnrh gijbn jnmæi gb ugi piaidri.
Iacughs mhgtbguirhg mhfbngjh, bcghrigjh na prhdanfi. Kbgiafngtn, na mhmhjrbah an
irrigmý pirtn jna pbn ia ohvng y sn irristrý jn vunati ia ræh. Ahs crigjns hohs ifirbaahs
jnsipirnmbnrhg dioh na icui tnùbji jn sigcrn. Na ohvng siatidi mhonigjh jn vunati i ai
fnsi. ]ngtæi ug tnrrbdan jhahr. Ng sbangmbh, ai kifbabi ngtnri mhfngzý i mhfnr. Gijbn
jnmæi giji, phrqun ng su muaturi, ¡nri jnsmhrtâs n bgmýfhjh `idair imnrmi jn mhmhjrbahs!
Miji kifbabi jndn mhgtnstir ais prncugtis? ‑¸Ghs gnciræifhs i mhgvnrsir jn tnfis
phrqun pirnmng bgmýfhjhs, prhjumng jhahr, miusig vnrcñngzi h prhvhmig aaigth8
¸Bcghriræifhs ahs isugths qun pujbnrig jnstrubr i gunstri kifbabi phrqun `idair jn nsths
prhdanfis phjræi snr crhsnrh h jbkæmba8
]haumbýg? \æjian i Jbhs qun an jâ na viahr y ai sidbjuræi qun gnmnsbti piri \ 42 Ng su muaturi,
¸muéans shg iacughs tnfis
 jbiahcir shdrn tnfis jbkæmbans. Nsth punjn bgmaubr fÿsbmi, midnaah, bri, nstbah jn
jbkæmbans jn mhgvnrsir ng
rhpi, jnphrtn y snxh. Ns fnohr simir ugi ghti jn prhfnjbh rncuair qun simir ug mnrh misi, pnrh gnmnsirbhs8
phr gh bgtngtir jbsmutbr
jbsmutbr shdrn nsths jbkæmbans tnfis.

@idantians
jbkæmbans, ai vnrjij
mhfhmhg ifhr.snxuians
isugths @idré fhfngths
h ais kiaaismuigjh ugi kifbabi
jn ahs pijrns jndn jbsmutbr
y ahs `bohs. Muigjhtnfis
ustnj
`idai ai vnrjij mhg ifhr, su kifbabi iprngjnré i mhgir ng ustnj. Jbiahcun piri rnstiurir

9>< Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

y fnohrir, gh piri mhgjngir. Ai bgtbfbjij mrnmn muigjh ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi

shg idbnrths y `hgnsths (\r 9<?995 9>?:). [iahrn fés ah mhrrnmth qun su mhfhjbjij.
\ijrns, nstidanzmig na nonfpah. Mhgnsng sus nrrhrns y rnmhghzmig sus kiaais (]tc >?9;).
]nig ug nonfpah jn `hgnstbjij y `ufbajij. Muiaqubnri qun sni su nonfpah, sus gbùhs
sncubrég sus `unaais.
\ =< ]b iacubng prncugti ]ni idbnrth mhg ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi, pnrh prbvijh mhg ahs jnfés. ‑Ahs
shdrn isugths prbvijhs jn triphs sumbhs sn aivig ng misi‖, gh ng pÿdabmh. Jn bcuia fignri, jbsmuti ng prbvijh
ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi,
¸mýfh jndn ugh mhgtnstir8 ahs isugths kifbabirns, pnrh gh `idan jn nsths mhg htrhs. ^gi pnrshgi sidbi ns jbsmrnti,
sidbngjh muégjh `idair y muégjh pnrfignmnr miaaijh.
Mhgmausbýg
^gi jn ais fignris fés snvnris jn mistbcir i ug prbsbhgnrh ns ngmirmnairah shah.
Nstir mhggijh, ianoijh jn thjis ais jnfés pnrshgis, phr ah cngnria, jndbabti su vhaugtij
y qundrigti ai siauj jn su nspærbtu, jn sus nfhmbhgns y jn su munrph. Iug ug crig prhknti
mhfh Ouig na Diutbsti sn jndbabtý muigjh kun ngmirmnaijh ianoijh jn ais pnrshgis. Jn ai
fbsfi fignri, ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi sukrng jiùhs muigjh sn sbngtng ibsaijhs ng
na `hcir. \hjnfhs vngmnr nsti ifngizi `imbi gunstris kifbabis primtbmigjh ais gunvn
maivns qun `nfhs nstujbijh.

[ngzi
[ngzi ai ifngizi jna ijuatnrbh ng su kifbabi.
Anmmbýg Hdontbvh I? \iri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh, nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs shdrn? na prhdanfi, ai
tngtimbýg y na Nspærbtu ]igth5 ais snùians jn ijvnrtngmbi bgtnrgis y nxtnrgis y ipabmir

49 nsths prbgmbpbhs.
Hdontbvh D? \iri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh, nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs shdrn? su mhrizýg, fngtn,
fitrbfhgbh, siauj y rngjbmbýg jn mungtis5 na mhsth jna ijuatnrbh y ipabmir nsths prbgmbpbhs.

Bgtrhjummbýg. Ns brýgbmh mhgsbjnrir thjis ais mhsis pnmifbghsis qun punjng snr
itrimtbvis i ai mirgn. Gunstrhs jnsnhs pnrvnrshs punjng tngtirghs i rhdir jbgnrh, iugqun
gh ah gnmnsbtnfhs. Oujis krnmungtnfngtn rhdidi jn ai dhasi qun ijfbgbstridi piri Onsÿs
y ahs jbsmæpuahs (Og 94?;). ¡R nsth ah `bzh jurigtn ahs trns iùhs qun igjuvh ng ai tbnrri
jæi tris jæi mhg na @boh jn Jbhs! Ia gia, âa mifdbý su rnputimbýg, su fbgbstnrbh y su
vbji phr =< pbnzis jn paiti. ¡Ns jbkæmba jn bficbgir! Oujis rngugmbý i tigth piri cigir
tig phmh. ¡Yuâ brhgæi! \nrh ai Dbdabi bgmauyn ugi airci absti jn snrns `ufighs qun `ig
rniabzijh dicitnais snfnoigtns mhg na fugjh y mhg na jbidah. Ai absti dædabmi jn nsths
gnmbhs bgmauyn i ugi fuatbtuj jn pnrshgis mhfh Ijég y Nvi, qun mifdbirhg na piriæsh
phr ugi kruti, Miæg, qun mifdbý su rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs phr ug fhfngth jn jnoirsn aanvir
phr su bri y su mnah, ai cngnrimbýg jn Ghâ, qun mifdbý ai oustbmbi phr ug ntnrgh oubmbh
ng na bgnrgh, Imég, qun pnrfutý su prhpbi vbji y ai vbji jn su kifbabi phr ug figth
didbaýgbmh, jhsmbngths sbmahs jn paiti y ug abgchtn jn hrh qun an nri prh`bdbjh rntngnr,
]igsýg qun mifdbý ai ugmbýg jn Jbhs y sus prhpbhs hohs phr na rncizh jn Jiabai… Ai
absti ns fés airci qun nstn abdrh. Bficægnsn bgtngtir ngufnrir ahs ghfdrns jn fbaahgns
jn bsrinabtis qun mifdbirhg ai Zbnrri \rhfntbji phr ugi tufdi nstârba ng na jnsbnrth. Ng
nsti anmmbýg, prnsngtifhs aæjnrns mhg ug paig piri nvbtir qun sus ghfdrns snig iùijbjhs
i nsti absti jn gnmbhs ng na siaýg jn ai vnrcñngzi.
Giji jnstruyn fés répbjh i ugi kifbabi qun na ijuatnrbh. Nxifbgnfhs hgmn prbgmbpbhs
piri prhtncnrah i ustnj y i su kifbabi
kifbabi jn nstn isnsbgh jn ai kifbabi.94
I. Tnmhghzmi na prhdanfi y ahs pnabcrhs jn ahs pnmijhs snxuians.
\ =9 ¸Muéans shg Ahs pnmijhs sn nstég nxtngjbngjh ng thjis ais shmbnjijns. Fum`hs mýgyucns gh
ahs prhdanfis snxuians
shg nans na ugh mhg na htrh. Iacughs tbngng ivngturis snxuians mhg na mýgyucn jn htrh.
fés crivns ng su muaturi8
Iacughs fbrig phrghcrikæi ng rnvbstis, ng vbjnhs h ng ai Bgtnrgnt. [bvbfhs ahs ÿatbfhs
Nxpabqun.
 jæis y na pnmijh vi ng iufngth (Ft 4:?94-9=). Isæ qun, thjhs ahs mrnyngtns jndng nstir

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9>9

prnvngbjhs. ‑]nj shdrbhs, y vnaij5 phrqun vunstrh ijvnrsirbh na jbidah, mhfh anýg
rucbngtn, igji iarnjnjhr dusmigjh i qubng jnvhrir‖ (9 \ >?0).
Ai Dbdabi rncbstri i pnrshgis qun mhghmbnrhg i Jbhs, `hfdrns mhfh ]igsýg, Jivbj
y ]iahfýg, qun mhfntbnrhg pnmijhs snxuians. ‑Isæ qun, na qun pbngsi nstir rfn, ¡fbrn
qun gh mibci!‖ (9 Mh 9<?94).
D. Mhfprngji na prhmnsh jnsjn ai tngtimbý tngtimbýg g `isti na pnmijh.
94
‑Dbngivngturijh na virýg qun shphrti ai tngtimbýg5 phrqun muigjh `iyi \ =4 ¸Muéans shg ahs
rnsbstbjh ai prundi, rnmbdbré ai mhrhgi jn vbji, qun Jbhs `i prhfntbjh i ahs qun muitrh pishs qun aanvig

an ifig. 9= Muigjh iacugh ns tngtijh, gh jbci qun ns tngtijh jn pirtn jn Jbhs5 jnsjn ai tngtimbýg `isti
na pnmijh8
phrqunn Jbhs gh punjn snr tngtijh phr na fia, gb âa tbngti i gijbn5 9: sbgh qun
phrqu
miji ugh ns tngtijh, muigjh jn su prhpbi mhgmupbsmngmbi ns itriæjh y snjumbjh.
9> Ngthgmns ai mhgmupbsmngmbi, jnspuâs qun `i mhgmndbjh
mhgmndbjh,, ji i auz na ppnmijh5
nmijh5 y na
pnmijh, sbngjh mhgsufijh,
mhgsufijh, ji i auz ai funrtn‖ (]tc 9?94-9>).
9?94-9>).
\rbfnrh, ugi pnrshgi ns tngtiji. Isæ mhfh ug pnsmijhr usi ugi mirgiji piri tngtir ia \ == ¸Ns pnmijh
pnz, na jbida
jbidahh y na fugjh usig mirgij
mirgijis
is piri tngti
tngtirr ia snr `ufig
`ufigh.
h. Ai tngtim
tngtimbýg
býg thmi i thjis
thjis snr tngtijh phr ug fia
pngsifbngth8 Nxpabqun.
Nxpabqun.
ais punrtis. Zhjis ais pnrshgis shg tngtijis. Iug Onsÿs kun tngtijh i pnmir (@nd :?9>). Ai
tngtimbýg gh ns ug pnmijh, pnrh ns ugi snùia qun ghs bgjbmi qun na pnabcrh nsté mnrmi.
Ais pnrshgis phgng itngmbýg muigjh ug pnrrh cruùn. Jn bcuia fignri, jndnfhs nstir
prnvngbjhs
prnvngbjhs muigjh
muigjh ai tngtimbýg
tngtimbýg aanci. Dbngivngtur
Dbngivngturijh
ijh ns na
na `hfd
`hfdrn
rn qun pnrsnvn
pnrsnvnri
ri muigjh
muigjh
aancig ais prundis y ais tngtimbhgns. Âa shphrti ai prundi y rnmbdbré ai mhrhgi jn ai vbji
(]tc 9?94). Nsti pnrshgi ng ]igtbich 9?94 rnimmbhgi igtn ai tngtimbýg phr fnjbh jna Nspærbtu
]igth (Th 0?:-9:5 Cé >?9;-4>). Âa an jbmn ‑gh‖ i ai tngtimbýg. Zriti i ai tngtimbýg mhfh
iugugpéoirh
péoirhvunan
fiavijh
shdrniasuqun tbngn¡pnrh
midnzi, qun nspigtir. ^stnj qun
sæ punjn nvbtir sidnnstn
qun`ici
ustnjsugh punjn
gbjh nvbtir
ng su qun
midnaah!
]ncugjh, ahs fiahs jnsnhs (gh ug jnfhgbh) jngtrh jn ugi pnrshgi shg ahs qun
rnsphgjng i ai tngtimbýg. I jbknrngmbi jn ai pnrshgi jn ]igtbich 9?94, ai pnrshgi jnsmrbti
ng ]igtbich 9?9: gh shphrti ai prundi. Nsti pnrshgi gh ns cubiji phr na Nspærbtu ]igth.
Fés dbng, ns su mirgn ai qun ah cuæi i jnmbran ‑sæ‖ i ai tngtimbýg. Âa an ji ai dbngvngbji i
ai tngtimbýg ng su vbji y funrjn ai mirgiji jna jbidah.
Znrmnrh, isæ mhfh ug gbùh ns mhgmndbjh ng ugi fuonr, na pnmijh ns mhgmndbjh ng
ugi pnrshgi. Na jnsnh fiah jngtrh jn ai pnrshgi sn ugn mhg ai tngtimbýg piri mhgmndbr na
pnmijh. Ngthgmns na pnmijh mhfbngzi i mrnmnr ng ahs pngsifbngths y, giafngtn, gimn
ng ais immbhgns jn ai pnrshgi.
Muirth, isæ mhfh ug gbùh mrnmn `isti mhgvnrtbrsn ng ijuath, na pnmijh mrnmn jn iach
pnqunùh i iach crigjn. Ia gia, na pnmijh hmisbhgi ai funrtn nspbrbtuia, ugi ntnrgi
snpirimbýg jn Jbhs.

M. Mifbgn ng na Nspærbtu ]igth y cigiré ai ditiaai shdrn ais tngtimbh tngtimbhgns.

gns.
Ahs qun mhfprngjng na prhmnsh qun nxbstn jnsjn ai tngtimbýg `isti na pnmijh jntbngng \ =: ¸Mýfh nspnri
na prhmnsh ng na \ish 9. \hr na phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth, naahs iprngjng i pnrfignmnr Jbhs qun tngcifhs vbmthrbi
shdrn ais tngtimbhgns8
rfns ng na fhfngth jn ai tngtimbýg (]tc 9?94). Mhfh Ohsâ, nsmipig jn ai tngtimbýg ng
vnz jn imnrmirsn i nsti. Jnpngjng jna Nspærbtu ]igth y mhhpnrig mhg Âa. An jbmng ‑sæ‖ i
ah qun icriji ia Nspærbtu ]igth y ‑gh‖ i ah qun ah mhgtrbsti. Ahs qun shg cubijhs phr ai
mirgn prhjumng kruth tia mhfh pnmijhs snxuians (Cé >?92-49). \hr na mhgtrirbh, ahs qun
shg cubijhs phr na Nspærbtu ]igth prhjumng kruth mhfh ai pimbngmbi, dhgjij, cngtbanzi y
jhfbgbh prhpbh (Cé >?44-4=).
; ‑\hrqun na hmupirsn jn ai mirgn ns funrtn, pnrh na hmupirsn jna Nspærbtu ns vbji

y piz. 3 \hr muigth ahs jnsbcgbhs jn ai mirgn shg ngnfbstij mhgtri Jbhs5 phrqun
phrqun
gh sn suontig i ai any jn Jbhs, gb tifphmh punjng5 y ahs qun vbvng sncÿg aaii mirgn
0

gh punjng icrijir i Jbhs. 2 Fis vhshtrhs

vhshtrhs gh vbvæs sncÿg ai mirgn, sbgh sncÿg na
Nspærbtu, sb ns qun na Nspærbtu
Nspærbtu jn Jbhs fhr
fhrii ng vhshtr
vhshtrhs‖
hs‖ (Th 0?;-2).
0?;-2).
9>4 Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

‑Jbch, puns? Igjij ng na Nspærbtu, y gh sitbskicébs ahs jnsnhs jn ai mirgn‖

>?9;).
(Cé >?9;).
Ahs qun igjig ng na Nspærbtu ]igth rnmhghmng qun ai tngtimbýg ns mhfÿg. \nrh
naahs pnrfbtng qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ans iyujn i pnrfignmnr rfns ng ahs fhfngths
jn ai tngtimbýg.
‑Gh hs `i shdrnvngbjh
shdrnvngbjh gbgcugi tngtimbýg qun gh sni `ufigi5 pnrh na ns Jbhs,
qun gh hs jnoiré snr tngtijhs fés jn ah qun phjâbs rnsbstbr, sbgh qun jiré tifdbâg
ougtifngtn mhg ai tngtimbýg
tngtimbýg ai siabji
siabji,, piri qun phjébs shp
shphrtir‖
hrtir‖ (9 Mh 9<?9=).
9<?9=).
J. \hgci itngmbýg i ais ijvnrtngmbis nxtnrgis ng htrhs.
\ => ¸Muéans shg Iquæ `iy iacugis snùians nxtnrgis qun an ijvbnrtng i ustnj qun ug pnabcrh snxuia nsté
iacugis jn ais ijvnrtngmbis mnrmi muigjh nsté tridioigjh mhg ugi pnrshgi jna snxh hpunsth h imhgsnoégjhai.
nxtnrgis jn qun ug pnabcrh
snxuia nsté mnrmi8 • Ai pnrshgi pisi fum`h tbnfph mhg ustnj.
ustnj.
• Ai pnrshgi mhfbngzi i jnpngjnr
jnpngjnr jn ustnj.
\ =; ¸Muéans shg • Ai pnrshgi nfpbnzi i `idair phsbtbvifngtn
phsbtbvifngtn jn ustnj y i nahcbirah.
iacugis jn ais ijvnrtngmbis • Ai pnrshgi mhfbngzi i qunoirsn imnrmi jn sngtbrsn shai.
shai.
bgtnrgis jn qun ustnj • Ai pnrshgi `idai krnmungtnfngtn
krnmungtnfngtn imnrmi jn sus isugths
isugths pnrshgians.
gnmnsbti irrnpngtbrsn5 ns • Ai pnrshgi triti jn itrinrah i ustnj jn fignris snxuians.
jnmbr, mifdbir jn jbrnmmbýg8 • Ai pnrshgi mhfbngzi
mhfbngzi i thmir
thmir su munrph. Nsth punjn mhfngzir mhfh ug iprntýg jn
jn
fighs, ugi figh ng na `hfdrh h ug idrizh jn icrijnmbfbngth. \nrh prhgth nsth
\ =3 ¸\bngsi ustnj sn nanvi i iach fés.
qun ai fiyhræi jn ais • ]u mýgyucn mhfbngzi i sngtbrsn fia imnrmi jn su rnaimbýg mhg nsti pnrshgi.
pnrshgis paignig snr bgnans
snxuiafngtn8 Nxpabqun. Kbcuri >.> Zngci
Zngci mubjijh muigjh ustnj hdsn
hdsnrvi
rvi snùians nxtnrgis
qun an ijvbnrtng jn ug pnabcrh snxuia.
N. \hgci itngmbýg i ais snùians jn ijvnrtngmbi bgtnrgis ng ustnj.
I mhgtbguimbýg, prnsngtifhs iacugis snùians bgtnrgis qun an ijvbnrtng jn qun ug
pnabcrh snxuia
snxuia nsté mnrmi muigjh ust
ustnj
nj nsté trid
tridioigjh
ioigjh mhg ugi pnrshgi jna snxh hpunsth
h imhgsnoégjhai. ^gi rnaimbýg punjn br ng ai jbrnmmbýg nqubvhmiji fum`h igtns jn qun
9=

sn mhgvbnrti ng snxuia.
• ^stnj sn vbstn jn mbnrti fignri
fignri piri icrijir i ai pnrshgi.
• ^stnj sn jnmnpmbhgi sb gh vn i ai pnrshgi5 y sn nfhmbhgi muigjh sn ngmungtri
mhg naai.
• ^stnj pisi fum`h tbnfph mhg ai pnrshgi5 nsté i ai nxpnmtitbvi
nxpnmtitbvi jn ngmhgtrirsn
mhg naai.
• ^stnj pbngsi qun ai pnrshgi ah ngtbngjn fnohr
fnohr qun su mýgyucn.
• ^stnj jbskruti ia nstir mhg nsti pnrshgi fés qun ia nstir mhg su mýgyucn.
• ^stnj sn bficbgi mýfh snræi sb nsti pnrshgi kunri su mýgyucn.
• ^stnj mhfpirtn isugths prbvijhs y pnrshgians mhg nsti pnrshgi, tians mhfh ahs
prhdanfis jn su fitrbfhgbh.
• ^stnj jnsirrhaai sngtbfbngths jn ifhr rhfégtbmh phr nsti pnrshgi.
• ^stnj triti jn nsmhgjnr sus sngtbfbngths jurigtn sus rnugbhgns mhg nsti pnrshgi.
• ^stnj bcghri ais ijvnrtngmbis jn htrhs y gcn qun nsti pnrshgi ns shaifngtn
ugi ifbstij.
• ^stnj dusmi f fignris
ignris jn nstir
nstir mhg nsti pnrshgi ng snmrnth,
snmrnth, iugqun tngci qun
ngciùir i htrhs.
• ^stnj sn n nghoi
ghoi sb su mýgyucn nxbcn fés itngmbýg h sb nsté
nsté mnahsi.
• ^stnj sn bficbg
bficbgii ugi rnaimbýg snxuia mhg nsti pnrshgi y gh rnm`izi nsths
pngsifbngths.
• ^stnj y aai
i htri pnrshgi sn ngkhmig
ngkhmig ng ais
ais gnmnsbjijns jn
jn miji ugh.
• ^stnj mhfntn pnmijh snxuia jnspuâs jn bcghrir thjis nstis snùians bgtnrgis.
Kbcuri >.; Zngci
Zngci mubjijh
mubjijh mu
muigjh
igjh vni snùi
snùians
ans bgtnrgis
qun an ijvbnrtng jn ug pnabcrh snxuia.
Na Jr. Oifns Jhdshg, ug mhgsnonrh kifbabir fuy sidbh, jnsmrbdn mýfh ais pnrshgis
punjng mhgvnrtbrsn
mhgvnrtbrsn ng ijÿatnris. 9: Ai ivngturi usuiafngtn mhfbngzi mhfh ugi ifbstij,
phr fnjbh jn mhsis tig sngmbaais
sngmbaais mhfh ug iafunrzh qun juri jnfisbijh tbnfph
tbnfph h mhg ug
rhmn. ]n jbskruti nstn prbfnr pish5 isæ qun, ai immbýg sn rnpbtn. Ia jæi sbcubngtn, h qubzés i

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9>=

ai snfigi sbcubngtn, na rhmn h na iafunrzh aancig ug phmh fés anohs mhg sngtbfbngths fés
paimngtnrhs. Ais jhs pnrshgis mhfbngzig i rnugbrsn fés krnmungtnfngtn y ai itrimmbýg
ngtrn ifdhs iufngti. Jngtrh jn phmh tbnfph, ahs sngtbfbngths rhfégtbmhs vngmng ahs
tnfhrns y ais jhs pnrshgis mhfntng na pnmijh snxuia.
K. Cuirjn su mhrizýg.
‑]hdrn thji mhsi cuirjiji, cuirji tu mhrizýg5 phrqun jn âa figi ai vbji‖ vbji ‖ (\r :?4=). \ =0 ¸Mýfh punjn
]u mhrizýg ns na mngtrh jn sus jnsnhs y nfhmbhgns. Onsÿs jndn chdnrgir mhfh rny shdrn ustnj cuirjir su mhrizýg8
thjhs sus jnsnhs. \nrh, isæ mhfh ai fiai `bnrdi mrnmn ng ug oirjæg, ahs fiahs
f iahs jnsnhs punjng
nm`ir riæmns ng su mhrizýg. Ns phr nsth qun ahs jnvhmbhgians jbirbhs, ais hrimbhgns, ahs
nstujbhs dædabmhs y ai isbstngmbi i ahs muaths shg tig bfphrtigtns. Ais pnrshgis cuirjig su
jbgnrh, su `hcir y su rnputimbýg5 pnrh ah qun ns fés bfphrtigtn jn cuirjir ns su mhrizýg.
C. Cuirjn su fngtn.
Na ipýstha \idah jboh qun tngnfhs qun aanvir ‑miutbvh thjh pngsifbngth i ai
hdnjbngmbi i Mrbsth‖ (4 Mh 9<?>). Ahs pngsifbngths shg mhfh crighs jn irngi. ^g
crigh gh pnsi misb giji, pnrh ougths phjræig snpuatir i ugi pnrshgi. Isæ qun, sb sus
pngsifbng
pngsi fbngths
ths shg sus ngnf
ngnfbchs,
bchs, nsths ah irri
irristri
strirég
rég `imbi ai jnstr
jnstrummb
ummbýg.
ýg. \nrh sb
sus pngsifbngths shg sus ifbchs, nsths ah imhfpiùirég `isti ai prnsngmbi jn Jbhs. \ =2 ¸Mýfh punjn
\rbfnrh, nstâ mhgsmbngtn jn sus pngsifbngths, mhfh ugi ciaabgi nsté mhgsmbngtn jn ustnj primtbmir tngnr dunghs
sus phaabths. ]ni tig vbcbaigtn mhfh ug nfprnsirbh jn su tbngji. Gh sni fngtiafngtn pngsifbngths5 nsns jnmbr
jnmbr,,
`imnr ug `édbth jn ahs
pnrnzhsh gb iantircijh. ]ÿdisn ais figcis jn su fngtn. ‑\hr tigth, mnùbj ahs ahfhs jn dunghs pngsifbngths8
vunstrh ngtngjbfbngth, snj shdrbhs‖ (9 \ 9?9=). Nstâ ianrti y figtngci sus pngsifbngths
i ai vbsti, mhfh sb kunrig ugi mhfbji ng su fnsi. \ :< ¸Muéans shg ais
muitrh maivns piri cuirjir
]ncugjh, ifn ah mhrrnmth y idhrrnzmi ah fiah (Th 94?25 @nd 9?2). Chdbnrgn gunstri fngtn8
sus pngsifbngths, mhfh ug ounz figji ng ug trbdugia. Ifn ah qun Jbhs ifi y
idhrrnzmi ah qun Âa idhrrnmn. ‑¸Mhg quâ abfpbiré na ohvng su mifbgh8 Mhg cuirjir \ :9
idhrrnmnr
¸Ns mhrrnmth
ah qun ns fiah8
tu piaidri‖ (]ia 992?2). Nsmhoi `hgrir i Jbhs mhg sus pngsifbngths ægtbfhs y Âa ah Nxpabqun.
`hgriré i ustnj.
Znrmnrh, gh pnrfbti qun sus pngsifbngths vbiong ijhgjnqubnri qun ai mirgn y na \ :4 ¸Mýfh punjn ugi
pnrshgi mhgtrhair
fugjh ahs cuæng. Fés dbng, mhgtrhan sus pngsifbngths mhfh ug mbmabsti fignoi su
sus pngsifbngths8
dbmbmanti. Jæcians ‑gh‖ i ahs jnsnhs mirgians y ‑sæ‖ ia N Nspærbtu
spærbtu ]igth (Cé >?9;). Hrn piri
gh minr ng tngtimbýg (Ft 4;?:9). Gbâcunsn i fbrir muiaqubnr khrfi jn phrghcrikæi. @ici
ug pimth mhg sus hohs (Ohd =9?9). Dahqunn sbtbhs fiahs jn su tnaâkhgh, jna tnanvbshr h jn
ai mhfputijhri usigjh atrhs u htrhs fâthjhs. ([ ([ni
ni na ipâgjbmn mhg ugi absti jn iyujis
jn Bgtnrgnt).
Muirth, rnnfpaimn ahs fiahs pngsifbngths phr ughs dunghs. ^stnj aanciré i kitbcirsn \ := ¸\unjn ugi
pnrshgi tngnr jhs
sb cisti su ngnrcæi tritigjh jn i`uyngtir ahs fiahs pngsifbngths. \nrh rnmunrjn, su fngtn
pngsifbngths hpunsths
hpunsths ia
punjn tngnr shaifngtn ug pngsifbngth i ai vnz. Isæ qun, muigjh ug fia pngsifbngth fbsfh tbnfph8 Nxpabqun
thqun i ai punrti jn su fngtn, iaâonsn jn nstn y imhoi ug dung pngsifbngth. ‑\hr ah y ipabqun.
jnfés, `nrfighs, thjh ah qun ns vnrjijnr
vnrjijnrh,
h, thjh ah `hgnsth, thjh ah ousth, thjh ah purh,
thjh ah ifidan, thjh ah qun ns jn dung ghfdrn5 sb `iy vbrtuj iacugi, sb iach jbcgh jn
iaidigzi, ng nsth pngsij‖ (Kba :?0).
@. Cuirjn su fitrbfhgb
fitrbfhgbh. h.
Ifir i su pirnoi ns ai fnohr prhtnmmbýg mhgtri ahs pnmijhs snxuians.
\ :: Mhfpantn ai curi >.3 shdrn ais snbs maivns piri cuirjir su fitrbfhgbh.
Maivns ]us rnsÿfngns shdrn ais maivns piri cuirjir su fitrbfhgbh

Kbcuri >.3 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

9>: Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Maivns ]us rnsÿfngns shdrn ais maivns piri cuirjir su fitrbfhgbh

Kbcuri >.3 \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh

rnsufbngjh ais snbs maivns piri cuirjir
cuirjir su fitrbfhgbh.
 ^gi pirnoi misiji jndn sitbskimnr ais gnmnsbjijns jn miji ugh. Jbhs ans figji qun
snig nans. @ig `nm`h ahs vhths jn rngugmbir i thjhs ahs htrhs ifhrns y jn ngtrncirsn
futuifngtn. ‑Dndn na icui jn tu fbsfi mbstnrgi, y ahs riujians jn tu prhpbh phzh‖
(\r >?9>).
Nvbtn muiaqubnr jnfhstrimbýg jn iknmth `imbi htrhs qun viyi fés iaaé jna siaujh mhrtâs
imnptidan ng su muaturi. ]ni mhrtâs y shgræi, pnrh nvbtn thmir fés iaaé jn ah imnptidan.
Nstn ns ug dung aæfbtn piri prhtncnr su fitrbfhgbh. ¡^stnj gugmi mhfntnré ijuatnrbh
kæsbmh mhg ugi pnrshgi i qubng gh thqun!
Gh nahcbn mýfh sn vbstn h mýfh sn vn ugi pnrshgi jna snxh hpunsth. Cuirjn sus
piaidris jn nahcbh piri su mýgyucn. Nsth cuirjiré su fitrbfhgbh. Jæcian i su mýgyucn
i fngujh muégth an icriji.
Nvbtn nstir shah mhg ugi pnrshgi jna snxh hpunsth. \hr nonfpah, sb ustnj an imhgsnoi
i ugi pnrshgi jna snxh hpunsth, ns gnmnsirbh qun ug igmbigh u htrh ijuath nstâ prnsngtn.
Jn bcuia fignri, gh mhfi ng su fnsi mhg ugi pnrshgi jna snxh hpunsth i fnghs qun
`iyi htrhs ijuaths prnsngtns, i qubngns ustnj mhghzmi. R gh vbion mhg ugi pnrshgi jna
snxh hpunsth i su aijh i fnghs qun htrhs ijuaths nstâg ng na iuthfývba.
Gh `idan
`idan jn ssus
us is
isugths
ugths pnrshgians h jjnn prh
prhdanfis
danfis ng ssuu fitrb
fitrbfhgbh
fhgbh mhg ugi ppnrshgi
nrshgi
jna
snxhsnxh hpunsth.
hpunsth Nsth punjn
nstrbmtifngtn mrnir ugivægmuah
hrbngtiji nfhmbhgia.
ais hmupimbhgns Figtngci\hr
h gnchmbhs. su na
rnaimbýg mhg ns
mhgtrirbh, na
sidbh qun ug nsphsh `idan jn ug prhdanfi pnrshgia mhg ug `hfdrn fiyhr h qun ugi
nsphsi `idan jn ug prhdanfi firbtia mhg ugi fuonr mrbstbigi fiyhr ng qubng naai mhgkæi
y i ai qun rnspnti.
Mubjn sus immbhgns gh vnrdians. ]bg `idair, ais pnrshgis ngvæig snùians jn bgtnrâs
snxuia. Nstis snùians mifdbig jn muaturi i muaturi, pnrh jndng suspngjnrsn muigjh ustnj
nsté misijh. Nstis snùians aanvig i pngsifbngths nqubvhmijhs y paigtig snfbaais jn
prhdanfis. \râstnan itngmbýg i su mýgyucn,
mýgyucn, gh i htri pnrshgi.
\ :> ¸\hr quâ ug Ais gnmnsbjijns jn `hfdrns y fuonrns ¡gh shg ais fbsfis! Ahs nsphshs y ais
nsphsh y ugi nsphsi jndng nsphsis jndng sncubr iprngjbngjh imnrmi jn miji ugh. ^g nsphsh y ugi nsphsi jndng
tritir jn mhfprngjnr ais
gnmnsbjijns jn miji ugh8
snr fnohrns ifbchs ugh jna htrh. Ai ifbstij sn `imn fés prhkugji y kunrtn i fnjbji
qun ahs mýgyucns iprngjng i mhghmnrsn fnohr. ^gi pnrshgi sidbi sbnfprn bgtngti vnr
ais mhsis phr fnjbh jn ahs hohs jna htrh. Mhfpirn ais gnmnsbjijns jn nsphshs y nsphsis
9>
(curi >.0).
\ :; ¸Yuâ jbknrngmbis ng ais gnmnsbjijns jn `hfdrns y fuonrns an shrprngjng fés8
Nxpabqun.

Mbgmh gnmnsbjijns jn ahs `hfdrns Mbgmh gnmnsbjijns jn ais fuonrns

• Ifhr y imnptimbýg bgmhgjbmbhgia • Ifhr y imnptimbýg bgmhgjbmbhgia
• Bgtbfbjij? snxh
Bg • Bg
Bgtbfbjij? mhgvnrsimbýg y ifbstij
• Ijfbrimbýg, rnspnth, nstbfi, iprhdimbýg • Iknmth (ifhr, dhgjij y tnrguri)
• Tnspiajh y nahcbh ng na `hcir • ]ncurbjij? mhfprhfbsh kifbabir y rnspiajh nmhgýfbmh
• Ifbstij • @hgnstbjij y sbgmnrbjij
Kbcuri >.0 Mbgmh gnmnsbjijns jn ai fiyh
fiyhræi
ræi jn ahs `hfdrns y jn ais fuonrns.
¸Yuâ tig dbng mhghmn ais gnmnsbjijns jn su mýgyucn8

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9>>

Ns fuy bfphrtigtn jbsmnrgbr qun gnmnsbjijns y jnsnhs gh shg ah fbsfh. \hr nonfpah,
punjn `idnr hmisbhgns
hmisbhgns muigjh ug nsphsh jnsni tngnr rnaimb
rnaimbhgns
hgns snxuians, pnrh ai nsph
nsphsi
si
nsté ngknrfi h jnfisbijh migsiji. Ng tians mishs, âa jndn jirsn mungti jn qun, iugqun
na snxh ns ugi gnmnsbjij désbmi, punjn snr pimbngtn. Gh ns gnmnsirbh qun tngci rnaimbhgns
snxuians bgfnjbitifngtn miji vnz qun ah jnsni.
Iacughs jbmng? ‑\nrh fb nsphsi (h nsphsh) gh nsté sitbskimbngjh fbs gnmnsbjijns
snxuians, isæ qun yh tngjrâ qun dusmir snxh kunri jna fitrbfhgbh‖. Jbhs gh imnptiré
gbgcugi rizýg piri mhfntnr ijuatnrbh.
9=
‑R nsti htri vnz `irâbs mudrbr na iatir jn On`hvé jn aécrbfis, jn aaigth, y jn
maifhr5 isæ qun gh fbrirâ fés i ai hkrngji, piri imnptirai mhg custh jn vunstri
figh. 9: Fis jbrâbs?
jbrâbs? ¸\hr
¸\hr quâ8 \hrqun
\hrqun On`hv
On`hvéé `i itnstb
itnstbcuijh
cuijh ngtrn
ngtrn tb y ai
ai fuonr
fuonr jn
tu ouvngtuj, mhgtri ai muia `is sbjh jnsania, sbngjh naai tu mhfpiùnri, y ai fuonr
jn tu pimth. 9> ¸Gh `bzh âa ugh, `idbngjh ng âa idugjigmbi jn nspærbtu8 ¸R phr quâ
 ugh8 \hrqun dusmidi ugi jnsmngjngmbi piri Jbhs. Cuirjihs, puns, ng vunstrh
nspærbtu, y gh snébs jnsanians piri mhg ai fuonr jn vunstri ouvngtuj. 9; \hr
\hrqun
qun
On`hvé Jbhs jn Bsrina `i jbm`h qun âa idhrrnmn
idhrrnmn na rnpujbh..
rnpujbh.... jboh On`hvé jn ahs
noârmbths. Cuirjihs,
Cuirjihs, puns, ng vunstrh nspærbtu, y gh snébs jnsanians‖ (Fia 4?9=-9;).
4?9=-9;).
Zhjis ais rbqunzis qun ustnj gnmnsbti sn ngmungtrig ng na mifph jn su fitrbfhgbh. ]b
ustnj gh nsté sitbsknm`h, mivn ug phmh fés. Jbiahcung ahs prhdanfis mhfh mýgyucns y
dusqung shaumbhgns. Imnptn iac
iacugi
ugi mhgs
mhgsnonræi
nonræi jn ug pis
pisthr
thr h jn ug igmbigh ssidbh
idbh sb kunri
gnmnsirbh. Gh an jâ ai nspiaji i su fitrbfhgbh phr gh snr thjh ah qun ustnj nspnridi.
Muatbvn na mifph qun yi mhfprý y nstn prhjumbré fés.
9> ‑Dndn na icui jn tu fbsfi mbstnrgi, y ahs riujians jn tu prhpbh phzh. 9; ¸]n

jnrrifirég tus kungtns phr ais miaans, y tus mhrrbngtns jn icuis phr ais paizis8
93
]nig piri tb shah, y gh piri ahs nxtriùhs mhgtbch. 90 ]ni dngjbth tu figigtbia,
y iaâcritn mhg ai fuonr jn tu ouvngtuj,
ouvngtuj, 92 Mhfh mbnrvi ifiji y crimbhsi cimnai.
]us mirbmbis tn sitbskicig ng thjh tbnfph, y ng su ifhr rnmrâitn sbnfprn. 4< ¸R
phr quâ, `boh fæh, igjirés mbnch mhg ai fuonr iongi, y idrizirés na sngh jn ai
nxtriùi8 49 \hrqun ahs mifbghs jna `hfdrn
`hfdrn nstég igtn ahs hohs jn On`hvé, y âa
mhgsbjnri thjis sus vnrnjis. \rngjnrég ia bfpæh sus prhpbis
44
prhpbis bgbqubjijns, y
rntngbjhh snré mhg ais munrjis jn su pnmijh. Na fhrbré phr kiati jn mhrrnmmbýg,
rntngbj 4=
mhrrnmmbýg,
y nrriré phr ah bgfngsh
bgfngsh jn su ahmuri‖ (\r >?9>-4=).
>?9>-4=).
B. Mhgsbjnrn na mhsth jna iju ijuatnrbh
atnrbh piri q qun
un gh tngci qun picir su
iath prnmbh.
^g sidbh prnjbmijhr jboh ugi vnz qun na pnmijh ah aanviré fés iaaé jn ijhgjn \ :3 ¸\icý Jivbj
jnfisbijh phr Dntsidâ8
ustnj qubnrn aancir, ah rntngjré phr fés tbnfph jna qun ustnj qubnrn pnrfignmnr
Nxpabqun.
y an mhstiré fés jn ah qun ustnj nsté jbspunsth i picir. Jiabai an mhstý i ]igsýg su
rnaimbýg mhg Jbhs y ifdhs hohs (Oun 9;?9-49). \hr ugi `hri jn ijuatnrbh mhg Dntsidâ,
Jivbj mhgtbguý picigjh thjh na rnsth jn su vbji. ]us pichs bgmauynrhg ai funrtn jn su
`boh, ugi mhgmbngmbi muapidan, ugi nspiji qun gugmi idigjhgý su misi y ugi rnputimbýg
jn vnrcñngzi jn ai qun thjh na fugjh ann (4 ] 99?9-43). Jn bcuia fignri, ahs pnmijhs
snxuians an mhstirhg i ]iahfýg na rnbgh, su rnputimbýg y prhdidanfngtn su iafi. Muigjh
]itigés vngjn pnmijhs, âa gugmi fngmbhgi su prnmbh. Gh `idæi ugi ntbqunti mhg na
prnmbh nsmrbth ng na kruth prh`bdbjh ng na Oirjæg jna Njâg. R gh nstidi nsmrbth na prnmbh
ng Dntsidâ. \nrh gh sn ngciùijh5 Jbhs gh punjn snr duraijh (Cé ;?3). Yubngqubnri
qun mhfnti ijuatnrbh pisiré thji ugi vbji picigjh na prnmbh jn nshs phmhs fbguths jn
pnmijh. Na kruth qun ns juamn ng su dhmi
dhmi sn vhavnré ifirch ng su nstýfich.
nstýfich.
\ :0 ¸Muéans mrnn ustnj
^g `hfdrn `bzh ai absti jn ah qun ug pnmijh snxuia an mhstiræi. Âa jboh? ‑Jn vnz ng qun shg ahs mhsths fés
muigjh fn rnmunrjh i fæ fbsfh qun phr ug pnmijh snxuia, nstis shg ais fignris ng ais nanvijhs jna pnmijh snxuia8
qun yh piciræi? Nxpabqun.

9>; Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

• Mhgtrbstiræi ia ]nùhr, qubng jbh su vbji piri rnjbfbrfn.

• Mhfh Jivbj, irristriræi phr na ahjh na ghfdrn y na prnstbcbh jna ]nùhr
]nùhr..
• @iræi qun htrhs trhpnzirig y pnmirig. Iacughs phjræig br ia bgnrgh sbcubngjh
fb nonfpah.
• \nrjnræi, phr na rnsth jn fb vbji, na rnspnth y na `hghr jn fb ghfdrn. Mhfh jbmng
ais Nsmrbturis? ‑@nrbjis y vnrcñngzi `iaairé, y su ikrngti gugmi snré dhrriji‖
(\r ;?==).
• \nrjnræi ai mhgigzi jn fb ifiji nsphsi.
• Ans trinræi vnrcñngzi y trbstnzi i fbs pijrns, fb kifbabi y fbs ifbchs.
• Mifdbiræi fb iuthnstbfi phr rnfhrjbfbngth, aécrbfis, fiahs rnmunrjhs y
vnrcñngzi.
• \hjræi bgknmtirfn mhg fum`is ngknrfnjijns snxuians mhfh chghrrni, sæabs,
`nrpns, sbji5 y tifdbâg phjræi mhgticbiran nstis ngknrfnjijns i fb bghmngtn
nsphsi.
• \hjræi pnrjnr ai hphrtugbjij jn tnstbmirans i ahs qun fn mhghmng.
• Jiùiræi h jnstrubræi ai vbji y ai kifbabi jn ai pnrshgi mhg qubng mhfntbnri ijuatnrbh.
• Zrinræi vnrcñngzi i fb mhgcrncimbýg y i thjhs ahs mrnyngtns qun fn mhghmng y
jiùiræi na dung ghfdrn jn ai bcansbi.
• \hjræi miusir ug nfdirizh y isæ trinr ug gbùh gh jnsnijh i nstn fugjh, ug
 rnmunrjh jn fb pnmijh piri thji ai vbji‖. 9;
Muigjh pngsifhs imnrmi jna mhsth jna ijuatnrbh, ghs jifhs mungti jn qun nstn prnmbh
ns jnfisbijh iath. Nsth `imn qun ghs ianonfhs jn ahs pnmijhs snxuians y ¡pngsnfhs ng
iach dungh y phsbtbvh! Na pnmijh pbnrjn su itrimtbvh muigjh an jifhs ugi fbriji i ai
ntbqunti jna prnmbh.
O. Cuirjn su siauj.
\ :2 ¸Mýfh punjn ugi Ais tngtimbhgns shg fés kunrtns muigjh nstifhs fés jâdbans. ]itigés sidæi nsth, isæ
pnrshgi cuirjir su siauj
siauj qun, âa tngtý i Onsÿs muigjh nstidi fés jâdba, jnspuâs jn iyugir phr muirngti jæis (Ft :?9-
piri nvbtir na pnmijh snxuia8
99). Jn bcuia fignri, Naæis kun fés tngtijh muigjh nstidi fés jâdba. Jnspuâs jn su
fbgbstnrbh ng na Ng
nstidi ichtijh. fhgtn
nstnMirfnah
nstijh jny jndbabjij,
jnspuâs mhrrnr
âa kunthjh na mifbgh
tngtijh `isti na pundah,
i jnsnspnrigzirsn (9 TNaæis
92).
Zifdbâg Ouig na Diutbsti kun tngtijh i jujir muigjh âa sn jndbabtý ng ai mérmna
mérm na (Ft 99?9-;).
Isæ qun, mhfh mrnyngtns, ns sidbh qun mubjnfhs ai siauj. Iacugis vnmns sngtbfhs
ai prnsbýg jn tridioir jnfisbijh piri iamigzir na âxbth. \nrh ia pisir na tbnfph, tridioir
jnfisbijh jndbabti i ugi pnrshgi, yi sni kæsbmi, nfhmbhgia, fngtia h nspbrbtuiafngtn.
Isæ qun, jndnfhs iprngjnr i rniabzir na tridioh jn ug jæi y jnoir na rnsth piri na jæi
jn fiùigi, piri htrhs h piri Jbhs. ]b ustnj nfpbnzi i sngtbrsn mhg `ifdrn, nghoijh,
shabtirbh h ichtijh, ns tbnfph jn jnsmigsir. Nsths sngtbfbngths shg snùians qun Jbhs an
`i jijh piri mubjir jn su siauj. Nsths shg mhfh snfékhrhs ng rhoh qun ghs bgjbmig qun
tngnfhs qun pirir.
E. Tægjians mungtis i htr htrhs.
hs.
\ >< ¸An rbgjn ustnj Na pnmijh mrnmn ng ai hsmurbjij, pnrh funrn ng ai auz. Isæ qun, paigbqun su vbji
mungtis i ug ifbch8
jn fignri qun htrhs snpig ah qun ustnj nsté `imbngjh h pngsigjh. Miji jæi ng hrimbýg,
]b gh,rnaimbýg.
nsti nsmhoi ugh y mhgstruyi bgvbtn ia Nspærbtu ]igth i nsmujrbùir su mhrizýg y su fngtn. Tnsphgji i miji mifdbh
qun an pbji qun `ici. Zifdbâg, `écisn fbnfdrh jn ugi mhgcrncimbýg h jn ug cruph
qun an nxboi qun an rbgji mungtis. @idan mhg su mýgyucn jn vnz ng muigjh imnrmi jn
sus pngsifbngths, tngtimbhgns y aum`is. Nsmhoi i ug ifbch h i ug igmbigh piri rngjbran
mungtis. Bgvbtn i nsti pnrshgi i qun an prncugtn imnrmi jn sus pngsifbngths y immbhgns
miji snfigi h miji fns. \æjian i nsti pnrshgi qun an `ici prncugtis imnrmi jn su vbji
prbviji y ai nxifbgn. ]imir ais tngtimbhgns i ai auz ais jndbabti y i ghshtrhs ghs `imn fés
kunrtns. Isæ qun, gh pnann shah nsti ditiaai, sni idbnrth mhg htrhs qun ah punjig iyujir.

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9>3

([ni na Ipâgjbmn I piri ngmhgtrir ugi absti jn iyujis ng Bgtnrgnt qun bgmauyn cruphs
piri rngjbr
jn trns gh sn‑R
mungtis).
jhdanmns sb iacugh
rhfpn prnvianmbnrn
prhgth‖ (Nm :?94). mhgtri ugh, jhs an rnsbstbrég5 y mhrjýg
Mhgmausbýg
Na ijuatnrbh ns ug isnsbgh jn ais kifbabis. \iri vngmnr nsti ifngizi, gh gnmnsbtifhs
ugi gunvi rnvnaimbýg. Ahs qun hdnjnmng ahs hgmn prbgmbpbhs jn nsti anmmbýg gugmi
mhfntnrég pnmijhs snxuians. Nknsbhs >?= ghs jbmn? ‑\nrh khrgbmimbýg y thji bgfugjbmbi,
h ivirbmbi, gb iug sn ghfdrn ngtrn
ngtrn vhshtrhs, mhfh mhgvbngn i sigths‖
sigths‖.. \nrfbti qun nstn
vnrsæmuah ah cuæn i ustnj y i su kifbabi.

[ngzi ai ifngizi jna jnségbfh ng su kifbabi.

Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais rizhgns phr ais qun ug aæjnr ngkrngti ai shanjij y ais mbgmh maisns jn ifbchs
Anmmbýg
qun punjng iyujir.
44 Hdontbvh D? Mhgtristir ngtrn fbgbstrir sncÿg su aaififbngth y sus jhgns mhg snr cubijh phr ais
nxpnmtitbvis jn ahs jnfés.
Hdontbvh M? Nxpabmir phr quâ ahs aæjnrns jndng rnmhrjir qun tridioig piri Jbhs y gh nspnrir
rnmhfpngsis jn ais pnrshgis.

I. Ahs aæjnrns punjng vngmnr ahs rnths jna jnségbf jnségbfh h y ai shanjij mhg ai
iyuji jn ifbchs nans.
Na prhdanfi. Na jnségbfh ns ugh jn ahs prhdanfis fés crigjns qun ngkrngti ug \ >9 ¸Ng quâ sn pirnmn
aæjnr. Miji iùh, fum`hs pisthrns y htrhs aæjnrns maiujbmig phr nstir jnsigbfijhs. R ai na abjnrizch ia ibrn ng ai mbfi
jn ugi fhgtiùi8
shanjij ns ugi jn ais miusis mhfugns jna jnségbfh. Na abjnrizch ns shabtirbh. Isæ mhfh
na hxæcngh ng ai mbfi jn ai fhgtiùi ns nsmish, ahs ifbchs shg phmhs piri na aæjnr qun
nsté ng ai mbfi. Ai shanjij jn ug aæjnr ns ugi *pirijhoi, yi qun gh pirnmn qun ahs aæjnrns
nstâg shabtirbhs. \hr ah cngnria, fum`is pnrshgis rhjnig ia aæjnr jnsjn ai fiùigi `isti
ai ghm`n. Iug isæ, ahs qun mifbgig ng ahs zipiths jn ug aæjnr punjng tnstbmir qun ai
shanjij ns ug ngnfbch mhghmbjh.
Nxbstng iacugis rizhgns phr ais muians ug aæjnr, nspnmbiafngtn ug pisthr, sn sbngtn \ >4 ¸Muéans shg
shah, iug ng fnjbh jn ugi fuatbtuj. Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg gh sn imnrmig iacugis jn ais rizhgns phr
ais qun ahs aæjnrns sn
jnfisbijh ia pisthr. Nsth punjn hmurrbr phrqun na pisthr nstidanmn ug iath nstégjir snfigi sbngtng shabtirbhs8
tris snfigi. R fum`hs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg punjng sngtbr qun sn qunjig mhrths
igtn ahs nstégjirns jna pisthr. Htrhs qun aancig ia tnfpah, tritig jn vnrsn tig pnrknmths
mhfh sni phsbdan. R phmhs jbskrutig jn qun htrhs vnig sus pnmijhs. \nrh muigth fés
sn imnrmig jhs pnrshgis, fés sn pnrmitig jn ais bfpnrknmmbhgns jna htrh. Miji nsphsh y
nsphsi mhghmng ahs jnknmths na ugh jna htrh. Ns kémba snr sigths, ousths, iancrns, pimbngtns,
ifidans y `ufbajns phr ugi `hri ng na muath. \nrh muigjh ais pnrshgis `idaig, mhfpirtng
imtbvbjijns y mhfbngzig i mhghmnrsn fés prhkugjifngtn, sus jnknmths sn ishfig mhfh
ugi rhjbaai ng na rhth jn ug pigtiaýg. Jn bcuia fignri, i ahs pisthrns gh ans custi `imnrsn
ifbchs ægtbfhs jn ais pnrshgis i ais qun sbrvng. Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg tbngjng
i mhahmir ia pisthr ng ug *pnjnstia. I naahs ans custi pngsir qun na pisthr ns ug sigth ngtrn
ahs sigths, ugi pnrshgi misb shdrn`ufigi. I fum`hs pisthrns ans custi cuirjir mbnrti
jbstigmbi mhg sus fbnfdrhs, gh sni qun jnsmudrig qun âa ns tig `ufigh mhfh naahs.
Na aæjnr nsté imhstufdrijh i jir mhgsnohs, gh i rnmbdbrahs. \nrh ng ugi rnaimbýg sigi, \ >= ¸Ais pnrshgis
ais pnrshgis jndng mhfpirtbr sus sngtbfbngths y sus rnths. Nsth ns jbkæmba piri ai fiyhræi mrnng qun ahs aæjnrns aum`ig
mhg prhdanfis8 Nxpabqun.
jn ahs aæjnrns. Muigjh Onsÿs sujidi sigcrn ng Cntsnfigæ, Âa ans idrbý su mhrizýg i
iqunaahs fés mnrmighs i Âa. \nrh gh rnmbdbý gbgcugi mhfprngsbýg gb iyuji jn pirtn jn
\njrh, gb jn Oimhdh gb jn Ouig. Naahs nstidig jnfisbijh migsijhs mhfh piri iyujirah.
Ais pnrshgis nspnrig qun ahs aæjnrns tngcig ais rnspunstis. Zbngng iatis nxpnmtitbvis
jn ahs qun nstég ng ai mbfi. Isæ qun, phjræi snr nxtriùh qun ug aæjnr mhfpirtbnri sus

9>0 Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

prhdanfis y jnsikæhs mhg iacubng i qubng âa sbrvn. Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg

phjræig pnrjnr na rnspnth phr ug pisthr qun ditiaa
ditiaaii mhg ahs fbsfh
fbsfhss prhdanfis qun naahs.
^g aæjnr punjn tnfnr qun su `hgri sn jnsvignzmi sb ais pnrshgis jnsmudrng qun âa ns ug
mrbstbigh mhfÿg jndioh jn su trion khrfia y mhrditi y jntrés jn nsn tætuah qun aumn shdrn
su nghrfn nsmrbthrbh.
\ >: ¸Ai mrætbmi `imn Fum`hs aæjnrns vbvng i ai jnkngsbvi. Miji snfigi sn ngkrngtig i ais mrætbmis. ZhZhjhs
jhs
qun ustnj sn jnngji8 ahs aæjnrns `ig sigcrijh phr ahs mhfngtirbhs `brbngtns jn sus jbsmæpuahs. Nstis `nrbjis
punjng hmisbhgir qun na aæjnr sn rntribci i vbvbr i mbnrti jbstigmbi jn iqunaahs i qubngns
sbrvn, piri cuirjirsn jn ais angcuis fhrjimns jn `idaijhrns itrnvbjhs.
\ >> ¸Muéans shg Ahs rnsuatijhs jna jnségbfh y jn ai shanjij. ]hg fum`hs ahs pnabcrhs jn ai shanjij,
ahs mbgmh rnsuatijhs jna jna ibsaifbngth y jna jnségbfh. Fum`hs aæjnrns qun tritig jn vhair shahs, sbg gijbn
jnségbfh y jn ai shanjij8
qun ans iyujn, sn nstrnaaig y sn qunfig. Naahs maiujbmig y idigjhgig na fbgbstnrbh. Ai
jnprnsbýg vngmn i iacughs qun gh tbngng i gijbn qun ans iyujn i rnshavnr sus prhdanfis.
\ >; ¸Muégjh sn sbngtn Na ichtifbngth ns ug rnsuatijh mhfÿg muigjh ug aæjnr bgtngti shdrnaanvir shah ugi
fés shabtirbh8 pnsiji mirci jæi tris jæi. Ai bgfhriabjij punjn hmurrbr muigjh ug aæjnr triti jn aangir ai
iguaimbýg y na vimæh jn su bgtnrbhr mhg ugi rnaimbýg bgousti n bfprujngtn. Na sægjr
sægjrhfn
hfn jna

‑Durghut‖
jbspunsths i(jnscistn
jnscistn)
) rnmaifi
imhgsnoirans mhfh væmtbfis i fum`hs aæjnrns phrqun gh `udh ifbchs
h mhgshairahs.
Ai shaumbýg? Ngmungtrn ifbchs qun an iyujng mhg ahs jnsikæhs qun ustnj ngkrngti
mhfh aæjnr. Mhgsbjnrn ais mbgmh maisns jn ifbchs qun an punjng iyujir.
\ >3 ¸Yubâg ns su
fnohr ifbch8
]bnfprn rrnmunrjn
nmunrjn qun Jbhs ns na prbfnr y fnohr ifbch jn ug aæjnr. Idri`if
ngmhgtrý i ug ifbch ng Jbhs, fbngtris âa cubidi i su kifbabi phr na mifbgh shabtirbh
`imbi ai tbnrri prhfntbji (]tc 4?4=). Na \ijrn mnanstbia sbnfprn kun ifbch ægtbfh
jn nstn pitrbirmi jn ahs oujæhs. R Fhbsâs maifý i Jbhs imnrmi jn ahs jnsikæhs qun
ngkrngtidi. Na ]nùhr bgtnrvbgh i kivhr jn Fhbsâs muigjh na tridioh kun jnfisbijh
piri âa, jnrrifigjh su Nspærbtu ]igth shdrn 34 igmbighs piri qun an iyujirig mhg
na fbgbstnrbh jna abjnrizch (Gf 99?9;-=<). Jn bcuia fignri, Onsÿs aaifý ‑ifbchs‖ i
ahs qun nsmhcbý (Og 9>?9>-93). Mhfh jbmn na igtbcuh `bfgh? ‑¡H`, qun ifbch ghs ns
Mrbsth! Âa aanvý gunstrh jhahr, y ghs figji qun aanvnfhs thjh i Jbhs ng hrimbýg‖ . 93
 @édanan i Jbhs imnrmi jn ahs jnsikæhs qun ustnj ngkrngti mhfh aæjnr. \nrfbti qun
Jbhs sni su prbfnr
ah jnmnpmbhgiré. y fnohrsnré
]bnfprn ifbch.
‑KbnaÂay [nrjijnrh‖
gugmi ah idigjhgiré gb ah jnoiré. Âa tifphmh
(Ip 92?99).
\ >0 ¸Jndnræi ug aæjnr Ngmungtrnn ug ifbch ng ug igmbigh mhgidan, ng ug fngthr h ng ug bgstrumthr,
Ngmungtr bgstrumthr,
mhfpirtbr ugi mhgjngmbi prnknrbdanfngtn qun gh sni jn ai mhgcrnc
prnknrbdanfngtn mhgcrncimbýg.
imbýg. Nsti pnrshgi iabvbiré pirtn jn su
mhg ug fbnfdrh jn
ai mhgcrncimbýg8 shanjij y an prhvnnré ugi rntrhiabfngtimbýg y ug mhgsnoh sidbh y dungh. ^stnj nstiré
Jnngji su rnspunsti. mhfpirtbngjh ugi dndbji aaifiji shanjij, ¡pnrh nsth ns fnohr qun dndnrai shah!
Fhbsâs sn nstidi ichtigjh. Na pundah aancidi i âa mhg sus qunrnaais y prhdanfis
jnsjn ai fiùigi `isti ai ghm`n. Ikhrtugijifngtn, Fhbsâs ngmhgtrý ug ifbch ng
Ontrh, su sidbh y igmbigh suncrh. Jbhs usý na mhgsnoh qun Ontrh an jbh i Fhbsâs piri
nvbtir qun sn `ugjbnri (Âx 90).
\ >2 ¸Muégth punjn ug Iprhvnm`n ai ifbstij jna mýgyucn qun Jbhs an `i jijh. \nrh, ngmungtrn na nqubabdrbh
aæjnr jbsmutbr ahs prhdanfis
mhrrnmth. Iacugis vnmns, muigjh ahs mrætbmhs vhmbknrig y jnsviræig, ns fnohr gh
jn ai mhgcrncimbýg mhg
su mýgyucn8 snrvbran i su pirnoi ugi jbnti mhgtbgui jn nstn jhahr. Gh vunaqun thjhs ahs ispnmths
gncitbvhs jna fbgbstnrbh shdrn su mýgyucn. Iacugis vnmns ns fnohr mhfpirtbr fnghs
jna jhahr y fés jna chzh.
\ ;< ¸Yuâ hmurrn GH tngci mhgjngmbis mhg ais pnrshgis nqubvhmijis. Iaâonsn jn mhfpirtbr sus
muigjh ustnj `idai jn sus
prhdanfis mhg m`bsfhshs h mhg mrnyngtns bgfijurhs. [ngtbair sus prhdanfis mhg ais
prhdanfis mhg ais pnrshgis
jn ai mhgcrncimbýg8 pnrshgis nqubvhmijis punjn sngtbrsn dbng phr ug fbguth, pnrh ustnj sn irrnpngtbré
phr snfigis phstnrbhrfngtn. Gh mircun i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg, i ahs
oývngns, i ahs vhaugtirbhs, i ahs pijrns h i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi mhg isugths

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9>2

qun gh ans bgmufdng. ]b naahs gh shg pirtn jna prhdanfi, jâonahs kunri jn nstn. Ai
fiyhr pirtn jna tbnfph, ustnj siajré aistbfijh y aistbfiré i ahs fés mnrmighs jn ai
mhgcrncimbýg, sb mhfpirtn ahs prhdanfis jna fbgbstnrbh mhg naahs.

]idbh jbmn? ‑Gh vbnrti disuri ng na pitbh jn su vnmbgh‖. Âa gh qunrré vnrah imnrmégjhsn.
mhgcrncimbýg. Bgvhaumrn i su mýgyucn. Dusqun i
Bgvbnrti ng ifbstijns kunri jn ai mhgcrncimbýg.
ugi pirnoi oudbaiji h i htri pirnoi jna fbgbstnrbh piri mhfpirtbr ugi ifbstij. \icun \ ;9 ¸Yuâ maisn jn
ifbch jndn dusmir ug aæjnr
na prnmbh. Bgvbnrti ug phmh jn tbnfph y jn jbgnrh ng nsti rnaimbýg. Ngmuâgtrnsn kunri jn ai mhgcrncimbýg8
mhg nsi pirnoi ugi vnz i ai snfigi, h ia fnghs ugi vnz ia fns. Jbskrutng ougths
jn jbvnrsbýg y jn mhfpiùnrbsfh. Tæigsn ug phmh. ]b ustnjns `idaig imnrmi jn
sus prhdanfis, nviaÿn ais érnis ng qun ustnj punjn fnohrir. Gh nspnrn `isti qun
ngmungtrn ia ifbch pnrknmth, phrqun gugmi ngmhgtriré ugh. I gijbn an custirég
thjis ais mhsis qun an custig i ustnj. Gijbn mufpabré mhg thjis sus nxpnmtitbvis.
\nrh ustnj punjn ngmhgtrir i iacubng qun tngci trns jn ais mbgmh mhsis qun an
custiræi ngmhgtrir ng ug ifbch. R ustnj punjn hkrnmnr trns jn ais mbgmh mhsis qun i
ai htri pnrshgi an custig. 90
D. Fbgbstrn ng ais érnis jn su aaifijh y jn sus jhgns, ng vnz jn tritir
jn mufpabr mhg ais nxpnmtitbvis jn thjhs.
Ahs jnsikæhs. Ais nxpnmtitbvis qun ahs jbsmæpuahs tbngng piri su aæjnr nspbrbtuia \ ;4 ]b ugi
viræig crigjnfngtn, jnpngjbngjh jn ais mbrmugstigmbis. \hr nonfpah, sb ugi pnqunùi mhgcrncimbýg mhgtriti i
ug pisthr, ¸nspnrig qun
mhgcrncimbýg nsmhcn i ug pisthr y i su nsphsi mhfh pisthrns, ais nxpnmtitbvis punjng su nsphsi tridion critbs8
snr phmh rniabstis. Iacugis mhgcrncimbhgns nspnrig tngnr jhs hdrnrhs phr na prnmbh Nxpabqun.
jn ugh. Nspnrig piciran yi sni ia nsphsh h i ai nsphsi y tngnr ia mýgyucn tridioigjh
critbs. Ns fés, ugi mhgcrncimbýg pnqunùi punjn disir sus nxpnmtitbvis ng ai pirnoi qun
igtnrbhrfngtn snrvæi mhfh nqubph pisthria. Tnmunrjn sbnfprn qun gb iÿg Onsÿs pujh
icrijir i thjis ais pnrshgis. 92
Nstujbh jn mish. Ouig sn crijuý jna snfbgirbh dædabmh y sn misý mhg Igi. I ahs \ ;= ¸Muéans jn
phmhs fnsns, ugi pnqunùi mhgcrncimbý
mhgcrncimbýgg ahs bgvbtý i qun kunrig sus ppisthrns.
isthrns. Ouig y ais nxpnmtitbvis qun ai
mhgcrncimbýg tngæi piri Ouig
Igi nstidig ngmigtijhs. Nsti nri ai hphrtugbjij qun `idæig shùijh phr fum`hs iùhs. nrig phmh rniabstis8
\nrh su sunùh prhgth sn mhgvbrtbý ng ugi pnsijbaai. Naahs gh tngæig bjni jn ah phmh
rniabstis qun nrig ais nxpnmtitbvis jn iqunaai prbfnri mhgcrncimbýg. Ahs jbémhghs
nspnridig qun Ouig prnjbmiri trns snrfhgns miji snfigi y qun ngsnùiri ng ai nsmunai
jhfbgbmia fitutbgi. Ijnfés,
Ijnfés, nspnridig qun âa jbrbcbnri thjhs ahs kugnrians, ais dhjis,
ahs diutbsfhs y ais jnjbmimbhgns jn gbùhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. Nsth nstidi bgmaubjh
ngtrn ais nxpnmtitbvis jn Ouig. \nrh naahs tifdbâg nspnridig qun âa `bmbnri thjis ais
rnpirimbhgns, phjiri na mâspnj y abfpbiri na tnfpah. Yunræig qun âa vbsbtiri i miji
fbnfdrh qun sn ngknrfiri, qun `bmbnri ug sncubfbngth jn miji vbsbtigtn, qun bgvbtiri
i ais gunvis kifbabis jn ai mhfugbjij, qun imhgsnoiri i ais pnrshgis i thjh ah airch
jn ai snfigi y qun vbsbtiri i ahs fbnfdrhs ng sus `hcirns. Na pisthr Ouig tngæi ug
mhrizýg jn sbnrvh, pnrh gh tngæi na tbnfph, gb ai ngnrcæi gb ai `idbabjij piri mufpabr
mhg thjh ah qun ais pnrshgis nspnridig.
Ns fés, sus nxpnmtitbvis piri ai nsphsi jna pisthr nrig tifdbâg fuy ifpabis. \ ;: ¸Mýfh ns qun
Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg nspnridig qun Igi kunri snmrntirbi jn ai na pisijh jnshrbngtý
ais nxpnmtitbvis jn ai
mhgcrncimbýg, (iugqun naai gh nri dungi aanvigjh mungtis), aæjnr jna Fbgbstnrbh jn mhgcrncimbýg ng muigth i ai
fuonrns, isæ mhfh qun tifdbâg ngsnùiri i ahs gbùhs ahs jhfbgchs y jurigtn na muath nsphsi jna pisthr8
jn fnjbi snfigi. Nspnridig qun naai abjnriri na muath jn fuonrns, iugqun gh migtidi
fuy
jn ahsdbng. Zifdbâg
virhgns y qunnspnridig
mhhrjbgiriqun
ai naai
mngimhmbgiri na jnsiyugh jn
qun ai mhgcrncimbýg ai rnugbýg
tngæi ugi vnzsnfigia
ia fns.
Ijnfés jn nstis rnsphgsidbabjijns, ais jifis nspnridig qun Igi imhgsnoiri i ais
fuonrns fés oývngns, paigniri iacugis rnugbhgns nspnmbians piri ahs oývngns,
paigbmir
paigb mirii y jbstr
jbstrbduyn
bduynri
ri ahs iabfn
iabfngths
gths muig
muigjh
jh ahs igmb
igmbighs
ighs nstuv
nstuvbnri
bnrigg ngkn
ngknrfhs
rfhs y

9;< Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

qun jbrbcbnri ai rnugbýg jn hrimbýg jn ais jifis. Igi qunræi snrvbr. \nrh naai nstidi
nfdiriziji y prhgth gimnræi ug dndâ ia qun tngjræi qun mubjir. R su nsphsh gnmnsbtidi
\ ;> ¸Muéans shg qun naai kunri ai nsphsi jna pisthr.
iacugis jn ais fignris ng
qun ai nsphsi jn ug pisthr Miji `hfdrn qun pisthrni gnmnsbti ugi nsphsi ifhrhsi i su aijh qun ah rnspiajn.
jndn iyujirah8 Krnmungtnfngtn, naai nstiré mhg âa piri vbsbtir, imhgsnoir y hrir. Ai nsphsi jna pisthr
iyujiré i abjbir mhg iacugis jn sus prnsbhgns. @idairé phr fum`is `hris mhg
su nsphsh, nsmum`igjh ahs jnsikæhs y mhfpirtbngjh sus mhgsnohs y
mhghmbfbngths. Muigjh âa sukri jnmnpmbhgns y rnmbdi mrætbmis, naai nstiré ougth
i âa y mhfpirtbré sus sngtbfbngths tig prhkugjifngtn mhfh âa ah sbngti,
phrqun shg ugi
ugi shai mirgn. Na
Naai
ai igiabziré sus prâjbmis, ah igbfiré, an shgrnbré
muigjh htrhs ah mrbtbqung y ah nahcbiré muigjh sukri ug dioýg nfhmbhgia. ]nré
su ifigtn, sitbskimbngjh thjis sus gnmnsbjijns snxuians y iyujigjh i rnghvir
sus nfhmbhgns mhg imnptimbýg y nfpitæi. Ns gnmnsirbh qun naai nstâ i su aijh
muigjh ais fuonrns bgsitbsknm`is mhfpbtig phr ai itngmbýg jna pisthr. Naai ah
mhfprngjnré muigjh gijbn fés ah mhfprngji. ]nré ai ifbci `ufigi mhg ai
qun âa punjn mhgtir muigjh gijbn fés nstâ i su aijh. Ng rnsufng, naai snré ai
nsphsi jna pisthr, ai iyuji bjýgni qun Jbhs paigný, iug igtns jna `unrth jna
Njâg. \nrh, ¸mýfh punjn snr phsbdan qun Igi sni ai nsphsi qun su nsphsh
gnmnsbti, ai fijrn qun su `boh gnmnsbti y, ia tbnfph, snr ai fuonr qun ahs
fbnfdrhs
tbnfph pirijnsupabr
ai mhgcrncimbýg nspnrig qun naai
sus prhpbis gnmnsbjijns8 Iugsni8 R
R,,simý
Onsÿs ¸muégjh `idré
ug phmh jn iach jn
tbnfph
piri sæ fbsfh, piri thfir ugi sbnsti h piri nstir i shais phr ughs phmhs
Kbcuri >.2 Iug na @boh jn Jbhs thfý fbguths (Ft 0?4=-43). Ouig y Igi yi `idæig imhrjijh qun snræig ug nqubph
tbnfph piri jnsmigsir. Iacugis vnmns
ai immbýg fés nspbrbtuia qun ustnj jndn pisthria. \nrh sn nstidig jigjh mungti jn ah bfphrtigtn qun `udbnri sbjh
`imnr ns thfir ugi sbnsti. mhgvnrsir mhg ai mhgcrncimbýg shdrn ais nxpnmtitbvis igtns jn mhgvnrtbrsn ng
sus pisthrns.

Iacugis shaumbhgns
¡Kæonsn igtns jn siatir! ]b ustnj vi i ugi ngtrnvbsti
ngtrnvbsti piri snrvbr
mhfh aæjnr jn ug fbgbstnrbh h ugi mhgcrncimbýg, `ici prncugtis imnrmi
jn ai jnsmrbpmbýg jn su punsth. Zhfn ghti jn ais nxpnmtitbvis. \iri nvbtir
fiangtngjbjhs y piri mhfngzir shdrn ugi dungi disn, hdtngci ug jhmufngth
nsmrbth shdrn ah qun nspnrig jn ustnj y jn su mýgyucn. Ngthgmns, kærfnah y
mhaýqunan ai knm`i y pæjians i ahs aæjnrns jna fbgbstnrbh h jn ai mhgcrncimbýg
\ ;; ¸Muégjh jndn
qun ah rfng tifdbâg.
ug aæjnr jbiahcir imnrmi jn \nrfignzmi rfn, pnrh sni mhrtâs. Gh p pnrfbti
nrfbti qu
qunn ais pnrshgis ah bgbgtbfbjng
tbfbjng
ais nxpnmtitbvis mhg ahs qun muigjh tngcig nxpnmtitbvis phmh rniabstis. Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg punjng
qubnrng mhgtritirah8
¸\hr quâ8
mhfpirirah i ustnj mhg ahs pisthrns igtnrbhrns. ]b nsth hmurrn, sni rniabsti. ]hgræi y
jbci iach mhfh? ‑Ng hmisbhgns tbngjh i sngtbrfn ngvbjbhsh jn ahs jhgns qun Jbhs ans
\ ;3 ¸Mýfh punjn `i jijh i htrhs. \nrh nsthy iprngjbngjh i jir crimbis phr ahs jhgns qun na Nspærbtu
rnsphgjnr ug aæjnr i ahs qun ]igth ans `i jijh. R fn jnjbmh i snrvbr mhg thjh fb mhrizýg mhg ahs jhgns qun na
ah mhfpirig mhg htrhs8
]nùhr nsmhcbý jirfn i fæ. Iacughs jn fbs jhgns y jn fbs khrtianzis bgmauyng…‖.
(Mhfpirti shdrn iacughs jn naahs). Ngthgmns ustnj phjræi prncugtir? ‑¸Muéans shg
iacughs jn ahs jhgns qun na ]nùhr an `i jijh piri qun sbrvi8 ¸Yuâ érnis jna snrvbmbh
jndn ustnj jnoirans i htrhs8 ¸Muéans shg ais érnis qun an tring na fiyhr paimnr y an
pnrfbtng prhjumbr fés kruth8
kruth8
\ ;0 ¸Muéans shg Knabmbtn, iigbfn
gbfn y nahcbn i htrhs phr su pirtbmbpimbýg
pirtbmbpimbýg,, phr sus `nm`h
`nm`hss y phr sus
iacughs nonfpahs jn mýfh
ahs aæjnrns jndng nahcbir
i htrhs8
imtbtujns jn snrvbmbh.
ngkitbzirnfhs Mhfpirti
ng ai anmmbýg na mrâj
=<, ugi mrâjbth
hgzibthjnmhg htrhs. ngjuazi
critbtuj Mnandrn ai
mhfh cruph.
imtbtuj. Mhfh
Nahcbn y
`idan dbng jn su mýgyucn ng pÿdabmh. ]b ustnj ns ug `hfdrn, nsth ah jbstigmbiré jn ais
fuonrns qun phgng sus hohs shdrn ustnj. @idair dbng jn su mýgyucn ng pÿdabmh ngvæi

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9;9

ug fngsion. Muigjh ug aæjnr nahcbi i su mýgyucn y mhfpirtn na mrâjbth jn su âxbth ng

na fbgbstnrbh, igbfiré i miji ugi jn ais nsphsis nans jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. Zifdbâg,
Zifdbâg,
nahcbn y jnfunstrn iprnmbh. Jæcians ‑crimbis‖ krnmungtnfngtn i ais pnrshgis qun
jbnzfig, i ahs qun isbstng nafngtn ia tnfpah, i ahs qun hrig y pnrfbtng qun su auz
drbaan. Igbfn, bgvbtn y mipimbtn i htrhs i mhfpirtbr ng na fbgbstnrbh. Bgspbrn i ahs
qun nstég i su iarnjnjhr i mhfpirtbr na prhpýsbth y ai vbsbýg jn Jbhs piri su bcansbi.
Nvbtn jbsmutbr
fÿatbpans mhgjnahspbgtir
khrfis qun tbngng hpbgbhgns
ugi misi. jbknrngtns hircufngtir
Gh ns bfphrtigtn fbgbstnrbhsshdrn
jbstbgths. @iy
muéa ns ai
fnohr fignri jn pbgtir. \nrh ai misi snré pbgtiji muigjh thjhs tridiong ougths mhg na
fbsfh prhpýsbth. Jnsdýrjnsn jn icrijnmbfbngth mhg ahs qun `imng iach piri iyujir
ng na `hcir, ng na tnfpah, ng ai mhfugbjij y ng na fugjh. Muigth fés icrijnmbfbngth
funstrng ahs aæjnrns, fés igbfijis nstirég ais pnrshgis i pirtbmbpir
pirtbmbpir.. Ngkitbzirnfhs
na tridioh ng nqubph ng na mursh jn Kn y Immbýg Abjnrizch 4? @idbabjijns piri
nfphjnrir, chdnrgir y ijfbgbstrir. 4<
M. Tnmunrjn qun ustnj nsté tridioigjh piri Jbhs y nvbtn nspnrir
rnmhfpngsis jn ahs `hfdrns.
Gh ns qun jbcifhs qun ahs aæjnrns jndng fnghsprnmbir i ais pnrshgis i ais qun \ ;2 ¸Yuâ maisn jn
tngsbýg surcn ngtrn snrvbr i
sbrvng. Onsÿs mrnmbý ng crimbi mhg Jbhs y ahs `hfdrns. @nfhs jnjbmijh ugi crig pirtn
Jbhs y i ais pnrshgis8
jn nstn mursh i ngkitbzir na ifhr qun ahs aæjnrns jndng fhstrirans i ahs jnfés. Ng gunvn
anmmbhgns, ngsnùirnfhs ais `idbabjijns piri rnaimbhgirsn mhg ais pnrshgis. Tnaimbhgirsn
mhg Jbhs y mhg ais pnrshgis shg jhs jn ahs ispnmths prbgmbpians qun jndn primtbmir ug
aæjnr.. \nrh rnmhrjnfhs sbnfprn qun ns ia ]nùhr i qubng snrvbfhs.
aæjnr
\idah sn mhgvbrtbý ng thjis ais mhsis piri thjis ais pnrshgis piri phjnr cigirsn
i iacugis. Âa sidæi qun gunstrh crijh jn bgungmbi jnpngjn jn ais rnaimbhgns qun
tngcifhs. Tnmunrjn sus piaidris?
92
‑\hr ah muia, sbngjh abdrn jn thjhs, fn `n `nm`h sbnrvh jn thjhs piri cigir i
fiyhr gÿfnrh. 4< Fn `n `nm`h i ahs oujæhs oujæhs mhfh oujæh
oujæh,, piri cigir i ahs ouj oujæhs5
æhs5 i
ahs qun nstég suonths i ai any (iugqun yh gh nstâ suonth i ai any) mhfh suonth i ai
any, piri cigir i ahs qun nstég suonths i ai any5 49 i ahs qun nstég sbg any, mhfh sb
yh nstuvbnri
nstuvbnri ssbg
bg any ((gh
gh nst
nstigjh
igjh yyhh sbg aany
ny jn J
Jbhs,
bhs, sb
sbgh
gh diodiohh ai an
anyy jn Mrb
Mrbsth),
sth), piri
cigir i ahs qun nstég sbg any. any. Fn `n `nm`h jâdba i ahs jâdbans, piri cigir
44
cigir i ahs
jâdbans5 i thjhs fn `n `nm`h jn thjh, piri qun jn thjhs fhjhs siavn i iacughs. 4= R
nsth `ich phr miusi jna nvigcnabh, piri `imnrfn mhpirtæmbpn jn âa‖ (9 Mh 2?92-4=). 2?92-4=).
I \idah an bfphrtidi fum`h ah qun ai cngtn pngsiri jn âa. @bzh gufnrhshs simrbmbhs \ 3< ¸Mýfh punjn ug
piri rnaimbhgirsn
rnaimbhgirsn mhg ais pnrsh
pnrshgisgis i ais qu
qunn snrvæi. Iug isisæ,æ, \idah sbnfprn rnmhrj
rnmhrjidi
idi qun aæjnr ngmhgtrir na nqubabdrbh
ngtrn icrijir i Jbhs y i ais
âa nri sbnrvh jn ug Ifh. Ai fiyhræi jn sus mirtis mhfbngzig mhg ais piaidris? \idah, pnrshgis8 Nxpabqun.
Nxpabqun.
sbnrvh jn Onsumrbsth
Onsumrbsth.. \idah kun ug aæjnr jn ug prhpýsbth.
prhpýsbth. ]u ÿgbmh hdontbvh ng ai vbji nri
mhrrnr y cigir ai mirrnri qun Jbhs qunræi qun cigiri. [bvbý miji jæi piri nsmum`ir ais
piaidris ‑Dbng, dung sbnrvh y na‖.
I nstn ipýstha an bfphrtidi ah qun ais pnrshgis pngsirig5 sbg nfdirch, su drÿouai
ipugtidi sbnfprn `imbi icrijir i Jbhs. \idah ans nsmrbdbý i ahs mhrbgtbhs qun mhfpiridig
i ug aæjnr mhg htrh?
9
‑Isæ, puns, tâgcigghs ahs `hfdrns phr snrvbjhrns jn Mrbsth, y ijfbgbstrijh ijfbgbstrijhrns
rns
jn ahs fbstnrbhs jn Jbhs. I`hri dbng, sn rnqubnrn jn ahs ijfbgbstrijhrns, qun
4

=
 miji ugh sni `iaaijh na. Rh ng fuy phmh tngch na snr ouzcijh phr vhshtrhs,
h phr trbdugia `ufigh5 y gb iug yh fn ouzch i fæ fbsfh. : \hrqun iugqun jn
giji tngch fiai mhgmbngmbi, gh phr nsh shy oustbmijh5 pnrh na qun fn ouzci ns
na ]nùhr. > Isæ qun, gh ouzcuâb
ouzcuâbss giji igtns jn tbnfph, `is
`isti
ti qun vngci na ]nùhr
]nùhr,, na
muia imairiré tifdbâg ah hmuath jn ais tbgbndais, y figbknstiré ais bgtngmbhgns jn
ahs mhrizhgns5 y ngthgmns miji ugh rnmbdbré su iaidigzi jn Jbhs‖ (9 Mh :?9->).
:?9->).

9;4 Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

Jn bcuia fignri, mhfh nsmaivh jn Mrbsth, \idah ans ngkitbzidi nstn fbsfh prbgmbpbh
i htrhs nsmaivhs ng Mhahsngsns =?44-4>
44
‑]bnrvhs, hdnjnmnj ng thjh i vunstrhs ifhs tnrrngians, gh sbrvbngjh ia hoh,
mhfh ahs qun qubnrng icrijir i ahs `hfdrns, sbgh mhg mhrizýg sbgmnrh,
tnfbngjh i Jbhs. 4= R thjh ah qun `icébs, `imnjah jn mhrizýg, mhfh piri na
piri ahs `hfdrns5 4: sidbngjh qun jna ]nùhr rnmbdbrâbs ai rnmhfpngsi
]nùhr y gh piri
jn ai `nrngmbi, phrqun
p hrqun i M
Mrbsth
rbsth na ]nùhr snrv
snrvæs.
æs. 4> Fis na qun `imn bgous
bgoustbmbi
tbmbi,,
rnmbdbré ai bgoustbmbi qun `bmbnrn, phrqun gh `iy imnpmbýg jn pnrshgis‖
=?44-4>).
(Mha =?44-4>).
\ 39 ¸Mýfh ah igbfi Igtn gunstrh ÿgbmh y shah ]nùhr, Onsumrbsth, snrnfhs knabmbtijhs h mhgjngijhs. Ia
Iphmiabpsbs 9?4<8
9?4<8 gia, ns igtn Mrbsth shaifngtn qun nstirnfhs jn pbn h miæjhs (Th 9:?:). ‑Miji ugh jn
ghshtrhs jiré i Jbhs mungti jn sæ‖ y gh ahs ughs i ahs htrhs (Th 9:?9<, 94).
\ 34 ¸\hr quâ ns Jbhs ghs abdri jna jnségbfh muigjh gunstrh fés crigjn ig`nah ns icrijiran i Âa.
siaujidan qun ug aæjnr sn
Ais nxpnmtitbvis phmh rniabstis jn ahs jnfés sn jnsvignmng muigjh ghs phstrifhs
ngkhqun ng icrijir i Jbhs,
fés qun i ais pnrshgis8 igtn na ]nùhr qun ns gunstrh junùh. Ai muapidbabjij qun htrhs jnrrifig shdrn ghshtrhs
sn jnsabzi mhfh na icui qun sn vbnrtn shdrn ug pith, muigjh `idaifhs miri
i miri mhg Onsÿs. R an prncugtifhs mýfh ghs vi, an pnjbfhs qun ghs rnvnan
su vhaugtij y qun ghs funstrn ais érnis ng ais qun Âa punjn iyujirghs i
fnohrir.. Onsÿs ns na ]nùhr fés ifidan, fés mhrtâs y fés iangtijhr jn thjh
fnohrir
na fugjh. ]u yuch ns kémba y su mirci abcnri (Ft 99?=<). Jnspuâs jn ug
tbnfph ng su prnsngmbi, ghs anvigtifhs aanghs jn su iprhdimbýg, jn su
kunrzi y jn su ifhr phr ais pnrshgis i ais qun Âa ghs `i aaifijh i snrvbr.
¸Ngtrifhs ng su prnsngmbi sbgtbngjh prnsbýg, igsbnjij y tnfhr8 ]æ, qubzés.
\nrh ia nstir ng mhfugbýg mhg Âa, pnrjhgi gunstris kiaais, miafi gunstrhs
tnfhrns, ngouci gunstris aécrbfis y ghs aangi gunvifngtn mhg su prnsngmbi.
]us prhfnsis khrtianmng gunstri kn y irfig gunstrh mhrizýg. Ng
Jigbna 2?4=, na fngsionrh jn Jbhs aaifijh Jigbna, ns ‑fuy ifijh‖
(T[T 92;<) h ‑fuy iprnmbijh‖ (G[B). Jn bcuia fignri, Jbhs shstbngn i sus
aæjnrns y i sus fngsionrhs ng ai piafi jn su figh (Ip 9?4<). R Âa ghs anvigti
mnrmi jn su pnm`h muigjh pisifhs tbnfph ng su prnsngmbi. Ghs prnhmupifhs
phr na kivhr jn ais pnrshgis, pnrh, ¸quâ ns ai nstbfimbýg jn ais pnrshgis
mhfpiriji mhg ai iprhdimbýg jn Jbhs8
Mhgsbjnrirghs i ghshtrhs fbsfhs mhfh sbnrvhs jn Jbhs ns fuy iangtijhr.
Kbcuri >.9< ]b ghs fiatritig, ghs picig fia h gh ghs iprnmbig, figtngcéfhghs mhg ai
Onsÿs shstbngn i sus fngsionrhs fbriji nanviji `imbi Jbhs, gunstrh ]nùhr, mhfh ah `bzh \idah (4 Mh ;?:-9<).
(cr. igcnahs) ng su jbnstri. Ai piaidri
crbnci igcnahs, punjn rnknrbrsn i Jbhs ns na qun aaifi, nfphjnri, viahri, prhvnn y rnmhfpngsi. R i vnmns, ¡Âa usi
fngsionrhs `ufighs. Ahs iuthrns jn i pnrshgis jn kunri jn ai mhgcrncimbýg piri igbfir y rnspiajir i sus sbnrvhs!
nstn mursh nstég jn imunrjh mhg na \ 3= ¸Jbhs nspnri qun jnfhs 99< phr mbngth jn gunstri ngnrcæi, gunstrh
jnstimijh nrujbth Anhg Fhrrbs, tbnfph y gunstri `idbabjij8 Nxpabqun.
qun irfi qun sn punjng bgtnrprntir
ais sbntn nstrnaais jn Iphmiabpsbs 9?4< ¡Yuâ chzh ns tngnr i Onsÿs mhfh gunstrh ]nùhr! Âa ns na piri supabr thjis
mhfh ahs aæjnrns jn ais sbntn bcansbis, i gunstris gnmnsbjijns, piri nstir sbnfprn mhg ghshtrhs y gugmi ghs jnoi. Âa ns
qubngns na ipýstha Ouig nsmrbdbý. 49
Jn htri fignri, ¸quâ sngtbjh tngjræi
kémba jn icrijir. ]u yuch ns kémba y abcnri ai mirci qun qubnrn qun aanvnfhs
qun Ouig ans nsmrbdbnri mirtis i snrns (Ft 99?40-=<). Gugmi ghs pbjn qun jnfhs na 99< phr mbngth. Gugmi ghs pbjn
mnanstbians8 ¸Gnmnsbti Jbhs i snrns qun `icifhs ah qun gh phjifhs `imnr. Gugmi ghs pbjn qun `icifhs iach
mnanstbians piri qun snig ahs mirtnrhs mhg gunstris prhpbis kunrzis. Âa sbnfprn ghs prhvnn ah qun gnmnsbtifhs piri
jn Ouig y ngtrncung ais mirtis qun mufpabr su vhaugtij. R, nsi ns ai ÿgbmi vhaugtij qun ghs mhgmbnrgn. Isæ qun,
Ouig nsmrbdbý8
mhfh aæjnrns, rnmhrjnfhs qun tridioifhs piri Jbhs. [bvifhs piri icrijir
i Onsÿs i fnjbji qun dusmifhs vbvbr sidbifngtn mhg ais pnrshgis y `imnr ai
vhaugtij jna ]nùhr.
 ]idbh jbmn? @ici ah fnohr qun punji, jnon na rnsth y ustnj snré dngjnmbjh .

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9;=

[ngzi ai ifngizi jn ai ifircuri ng su kifbabi.

Anmmbýg Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais hm`h fignris ng ais qun ug aæjnr punjn `imnr jn su `hcir ug rnkucbh sncurh
y knabz.
4= Hdontbvh D? Bgjbmir iacugis maivns piri bgvhaumrir i sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh n baustrirais.
Hdontbvh M? Nviauir su prhcrnsh ng ai prémtbmi jn ais vnbgtn muiabjijns prbgmbpians jn ug aæjnr ng
na `hcir.

Muigjh na muath tnrfbgý, na pisthr sn pirý ng ai pirtn jn itrés jna tnfpah piri dngjnmbr
i ais pnrshgis i fnjbji qun siaæig. Aaifý i miji pnrshgi phr su ghfdrn y shgrbý.
Bgmaush iazý i iacughs jn ahs gbùhs pnqunùhs y ans jbh ug idrizh. Jnspuâs jna muath, ng
ug rnstiurigtn, na pisthr sn mhfphrtý ohvbia y mhrtâs mhg ai fnsnri, nspnrigjh rnmbdbr na \ 3: ¸Iacughs aæjnrns
fnohr snrvbmbh. Ng na mifbgh i misi, ai nsphsi y ahs gbùhs pngsidig? ‑Yuâ dungh snræi tritig fnohr i ahs fbnfdrhs
jn ai mhgcrncimbýg qun i
qun pipb tuvbnri tig dung `ufhr, kunri tig kritnrgia y tig mhrtâs mhg ghshtrhs mhfh ah ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi8
kun mhg ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg y mhg ai fnsnri‖. Nxpabqun.

I. @ici jn su `hcir ug rnkucbh sncurh y knabz pir pirii su kifbabi.

Mhgsbjnrnfhs hm`h fignris ng qun ahs aæjnrns punjng `imnr jn su `hcir ug aucir
sncurh y knabz.
9. \rhtnoi ai prbvimbjij `hcir. Mhfh thjhs ahs mrnyngtns, ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians
prbvimbjij jn su `hcir. \ 3> ¸\hr quâ jndn ug
jndng primtbmir ai `hspbtiabjij. Fum`is pnrshgis ngtrig ng na rnbgh jn Jbhs phr aæjnr prhtncnr ai prbvimbjij
jna `hcir8
ai punrti prbgmbpia jna pisthr. \idah an rnmunrji i Zbfhtnh qun ahs aæjnrns jndng ¸Mýfh ns nsth phsbdan8
primtbmir ai `hspbtiabjij (9 Zb =?4). Iug isæ, na pisthr jndn ngmhgtrir na nqubabdrbh
\ 3; ¸Muéa ns na
ngtrn ai ng
hmbgi, `hspbtiabjij y ai prbvimbjij.
aucir jn bgvbtir Fum`is
i ahs vbsbtigtns vnmns, ns fnohr usir na tnfpah h ugi
i ai misi. nqubabdrbh ngtrn ai `hspbtiabjij
y ai prbvimbjij8
^g pisthr jndn prhtncnr ai prbvimbjij jn su `hcir, yi qun ns na rnkucbh jn su nsphsi y
jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi. Ais misis jn iacughs aæjnrns shg tig mhgmurrbjis mhfh ug
iafimâg h ug fnrmijh. Ais pnrshgis sbnfprn nstég ngtrigjh y siabngjh. Nsti bgvisbýg
i ai prbvimbjij prhjumn ifircuri i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi. \uns sb ugi pnrshgi gh
punjn ngmhgtrir piz, trigqubabjij y prbvimbjij ng su `hcir, ¸ngthgmns jýgjn sn phjrég
supabr nstis gnmnsbjijns8
4. Nvbtn usir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi ng baustrimbhgns. Ah qun hmurrn ng misi \ 33 ¸\hr quâ ug
jndn qunjirsn ng misi. Gh ns gnmnsirbh mhgtirah jnsjn na pÿapbth h ng ais miaans. Na aæjnr gugmi jndn usir i ahs
fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi ng
`hcir ns ug aucir prbvijh. Ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians sbnfdrig snfbaais jn ifircuri baustrimbhgns sbg su pnrfbsh8
sb idusig jn ai prbvimbjij jna `hcir ia ivnrchgzir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi
uségjhahs mhfh baustrimbhgns ng ug snrfýg.
kifbabi. Kunri jna `hcir, ahs mrnyngtns
=. Nstbfuan ng na `hcir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi. \ 30 Ng na `hcir, ¸muéa

ngkrngtig prnsbhgns, mrætbmis, ngnfbchs, tngtimbhgns, prundis y `hstbabjij jn ug fugjh jndn snr ai prhphrmbýg ngtrn
nahcbir y prhphgnr fnohris8
pnmifbghsh. \nrh dioh na tnm`h jna `hcir
pnmifbghsh. `hcir,, na paig jn Jbhs ns qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ¸^gh i ugh8 ¸Mbgmh i ugh8
ai kifbabi tngcig ug sigtuirbh sncurh y jn iphyh, ug rnkucbh mhgtri ahs vbngths y ais
thrfngtis jn ai vbji. Jbhs jbsnùý na `hcir piri qun sni ug aucir jn piz y knabmbjij. \ 32 ¸Mýfh punjn ug
Ns ug aucir jn jnsmigsh y jn rnstiurimbýg jhgjn rnmircir ai ditnræi. Na `hcir jndn aæjnr `imnr jna `hcir ug aucir
snr na fnohr aucir jhgjn thjhs ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi sbngtig ifhr, rnspiajh y jn sncurbjij, jn nstæfuah y
jn iphyh8
iprhdimbýg. Jndn snr na sbtbh fés nspnmbia y fés prnmbijh jna paignti. Ng na `hcir,
na ifhr ns tig prhkugjh mhfh ai vbji y fés prhkugjh qun ai funrtn. 44 Ng misi,
jbskrutifhs jn piaidris jn crimbi, jn ugi itfýsknri jn piz y jn vægmuahs jn ifhr.
Na `hcir ns jhgjn ahs pijrns iabngtig i sus `bohs y nahcbig su prhcrnsh. Ai iprhdimbýg
gh ns shah piri ahs `bohs, sbgh tifdbâg ngtrn ahs mýgyucns. Muigjh ug mýgyucn mhfntn ug
nrrhr ng ai mhgcrncimbýg (ia prnjbmir h fignoir ugi sbtuimbýg), na nrrhr, cngnriafngtn sn
jbkugjn phr thji ai mhgcrncimbýg ng mhrth tbnfph. Ng misi, na pisthr gh gnmnsbti qun iacubng
an rnmunrjn qun âa jndn `imnr ais mhsis fnohr. Jn bcuia fignri, ng na `hcir, ahs gbùhs
9;: Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

jndng snr nahcbijhs gunvn vnmns phr ah qun `imng dbng, phr miji érni qun jndng fnohrir.
@hcir, juamn `hcir,
`hcir, ns ijhgjn ug fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi punjn aancir jnsigbfijh, pnrh
sbngtn nstæfuahs qun drbaaig ng thjis jbrnmmbhgns. Ai vbji punjn snr juri y kræi kunri jna
`hcir. Ng na fugjh, iacughs punjng rbjbmuabzir ahs nstégjirns pbijhshs jn ugi kifbabi
mrbstbigi. Ahs mrnyngtns punjng sngtbrsn rnm`izijhs ng ai shmbnjij phr ahs pnmijhrns.
\nrh na `hcir ns ug nspimbh piri rnaioirsn, sngtbrsn mýfhjh, rnærsn, igbfirsn y jbskrutir
jn su mhfbji kivhrbti, sus rhstrhs kivhrbths, ais shgrbsis y ahs idrizhs.
\ 0< ¸Ng quâ ispnmth `hcir.. Ahs aæjnrns ng na
:. Mifdbn jn rha muigjh ustnj aanci jn ai hmbgi ia `hcir
jndn ug aæjnr nspnrir ug trith fbgbstnrbh rnmbdng ug trith nspnmbia y jn prbfnri maisn. Fum`is pnrshgis ans funstrig
jbknrngtn ng na `hcir qun ng
ai hmbgi8 ijnahs
suaæjnrns nspbrbtuians
misi, qubzés rnspnth,
sn havbjn jn qun`hghr y ijfbrimbýg.
isufn Muigjhy na
na pipna jn nsphsh aæjnr\hjræi
pijrn. idrn ainspnrir
punrti
na fbsfh trith nspnmbia qun rnmbdn ng ai mhgcrncimbýg y ng su hmbgi. Muigjh aanci
\ 09 ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh i misi y ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi ah tritig mhfh i ugi pnrshgi mhfÿg, âa qubzés
jndn ug aæjnr mifdbir jn rha
ng na `hcir8
sbngti qun su nsphsi y sus `bohs gh ah iprnmbig gb ah rnspntig. Ais pnrshgis qun aancig
i vnr ia fbgbstrh ng ai mhgcrncimbýg simig ugi mbti y sn vbstng mhg su fnohr rhpi.
\nrh ng misi, ai nsphsi y ahs `bohs sn vbstng fés misuiafngtn. Isæ qun, na `hfdrn
jn Jbhs jndn snr rniabsti. Jndn rnmhrjir qun ai mhgcrncimbýg gh ns na `hcir. Ais
fbsfis pnrshgis qun âa vn ng rhpi khrfia ng na tnfpah, sn vbstng jn khrfi misuia
ng na `hcir. Ais pnrshgis qun sn vng ah fnohr phsbdan y sn mhfphrtig jn ai fnohr
fignri ng ai hmbgi, gh sn vng tig nancigtns gb sn mhfphrtig jn khrfi tig pnrknmti
ng ai misi. Tnmhghmnr ais jbknrngmbis ngtrn ai mhgcrncimbýg y na `hcir nvbtiré qun
na aæjnr nspbrbtuia imtÿn fuy iuthrbtirbh h mhg supnrbhrbjij ng misi. ]b rnmunrji qun
ai hmbgi gh ns na `hcir, na aæjnr nvbtiré idurrbrsn
idurrbrsn,, snr bgknabz h jnsbgtnrnsirsn jn
su mýgyucn. Ns bfphrtigtn rnmhrjir qun, ng na `hcir, thjhs nstég fés rnaioijhs,
fés bgkhrfians, fnghs itrimtbvhs y fnghs pnrknmths jn ah qun shg ng pÿdabmh. Aæjnr
nspbrbtuia, rnmunrjn sbnfprn qun ai fuonr mhg ai qun ustnj sn jnspbnrti miji fiùigi
gh aumn gb imtÿi bcuia i ai nsphsi qun nsté i su aijh ng na tnfpah. Jna fbsfh fhjh, ng
na tnfpah ustnj gh aumn gb imtÿi mhfh na `hfdrn qun sn jnspbnrti ia aijh jn naai miji
fiùigi. Gugmi mrni ai fngtbri jn qun ai vbji ng ai hmbgi ns bcuia i ai vbji ng na `hcir.
Ng na tnfpah, na pisthr usidi sus fnohrns vnstbjhs y imtuidi jn fignri khrfia mhg
ugi jbcgbjij prhknsbhgia. \nrh ng na `hcir, krnmungtnfngtn sn sngtidi ng na pbsh y
aum`idi mhg sus `bohs. An jnshrjngidig na midnaah fbngtris jidig vunatis shdrn âa y i
\ 04 ¸Mýfh aaifidig su iarnjnjhr. Ng hmisbhgns, `isti trns jn ahs gbùhs sn ipbaidig shdrn âa, mhg sus drizhs y
ahs gbùhs ia pisthr Jigbna pbns ng jbstbgtis
jbstbgtis jbrnmmbhgns. N
Ngg ai mhgcrncimbýg
mhgcrncimbýg,, âa nri na pisthr Jigbna, pnrh ng aaii misi
ng misi8 nri sbfpanfngtn \ipb
\ipb..
\ 0= ¸Mýfh punjn >. @ici jna `hcir ug aucir knabz. Mhfig ougths. Zýfnsn su tbnfph piri jbskrutir
ug aæjnr `imnr jna `hcir ug ounchs y girrir `bsthrbis. @idan jn ah qun hmurrbý ng ai nsmunai jn ahs gbùhs jurigtn
aucir knabz8
na jæi. Muâgtnans sus gunvhs m`bstns. Tæig ougths. Ijhrng ougths. Mhfpirtig ahs
jnvhmbhgians kifbabirns y ahs fnohrns pngsifbngths jn ahs jnvhmbhgians pnrshgians.
Muigjh gunstrhs `bohs nrig pnqunùhs, mhfprifhs ug abdrh jn `bsthrbis dædabmis mhg
fum`hs jbduohs. Miji ghm`n, anæifhs ugi `bsthrbi jn ai Dbdabi. Muigjh gunstri prbfnri
`boi tngæi jhs iùhs, phjæi jnmbr ahs ghfdrns jn mbgmungti pnrshgions jn ai Dbdabi y
\ 0: ¸Mýfh `bzh ug
rnsphgjnr prncugtis imnrmi jn ais `bsthrbis ng ais qun ipirnmæig nsths pnrshgions. I
aæjnr qun ahs jnvhmbhgians fnjbji qun ahs gbùhs mrnmbnrhg, mhgtbguifhs girrégjhans ugi `bsthrbi jn ai Dbdabi miji
kifbabirns kunrig jbvnrtbjhs8 ghm`n. I fngujh, ahs gbùhs sn phgæig iacughs jbskrimns y rnprnsngtidig ai `bsthrbi mhfh
ug jrifi. Jn nsi fignri, `imæifhs jbvnrtbji ai `bsthrbi dædabmi. Ijnfés, nsths jrifis
`nm`hs ng misi `bmbnrhg qun ais vnrjijns jn ai \iaidri jn Jbhs miairig prhkugjifngtn ng
na mhrizýg jn gunstrhs `bohs. Muigjh ahs gbùhs mrnmbnrhg, ans pnrfbtæifhs qun sn turgirig
ng ai anmturi jn ai `bsthrbi jn ai Dbdabi i ai kifbabi. Aunch thjhs jbiahcédifhs shdrn ai
`bsthrbi, tigth ahs pijrns mhfh ahs gbùhs khrfuaédifhs prncugtis y ais mhgtnstédifhs.
Ia gia jn miji ghm`n, ghs irrhjbaaédifhs y hrédifhs ougths mnrmi jna shké, qun nri

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9;>

gunstrh iatir kifbabir. Miji gbùh ghs cubidi ng

hrimbýg phr turghs. R miji pijrn hridi.
Ahs iùhs `ig pisijh, pnrh nsths tbnfphs jn ijhrimbýg sbcung sbngjh iacughs jn ahs
fhfngths fés knabmns ougths mhfh kifbabi.
 Nvbtn mhgvnrsir jn ahs prhdanfis jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. Ngkitbmn ah phsbtbvh. ‑\hr ah
jnfés, `nrfighs, thjh ah qun ns vnrjijnr
vnrjijnrh,
h, thjh ah `hgnsth, thjh ah ousth, thjh ah purh,
thjh ah ifidan, thjh ah qun ns jn dung ghfdrn5 sb `iy vbrtuj iacugi, sb iach jbcgh jn
iaidigzi, ng nsth pngsij‖ y `idaij imnrmi jn naah (Kba :?0).
Nknsbhs :?42-=<
‑Gbgcugi piaidri mhrrhfpbji siaci jn vunstri dhmi, sbgh ai qun sni dungi
42

piri ai gnmnsirbi
gnmnsirbi njbmimbýg,
njbmimbýg, i g jn
jn jir crimbi hyngtns. =< R gh mhgtrbstâbs
crimbi i ahs hyngtns.

ia Nspærbtu
(Nk :?42-=<)]igth
:?42-=<).. jn Jbhs, mhg na muia kubstnbs snaaijhs piri na jæi jn ai rnjngmbýg‖
]idbh jbmn? ‑Bfbtn na `édbth jn Dngoifæg Krigeabg, qubng jboh? ‐ Gh jbkifirâ
jbkifirâ i ggbgcÿg
bgcÿg
`hfdrn (Zbt =?4) y `idairâ thjh ah dungh qun snpi shdrn thjhs‒‖. 4=

;. Nvbtn ai `bphmrnsæi, mhfh hrir phr ais pnrshgis ng na tnfpah y aunch mrbtbmir h \ 0> ¸Muéans shg
furfurir ng ai misi. ¡Ahs `bohs hyng y vng thjh! ]b prnjbmi jna pnrjýg, pnrh cuirji iacughs nonfpahs jn
`bphmrnsæi ng na `hcir qun
rngmhr, sus `bohs iprngjnrég nstn mhfphrtifbngth igtbdædabmh. Naahs sn jirég mungti ahs aæjnrns jndng nvbtir8
jn sb gunstri mhfpisbýg ns kiasi h sb gunstris hrimbhgns gh shg sbgmnris. Isæ qun,
isncÿrnsn jn ngvbirans i sus `bohs na fbsfh fngsion ng na tnfpah qun na qun ans ngvæi
ng na `hcir. ]b ustnj prnjbmi ng mhgtri jn ais fiais piaidris, pnrh sn ngtrntbngn mhg \ 0; ¸Yuâ pngsirég
ahs `bohs sb ahs aæjnrns gh
imthrns qun fiajbmng, sus `bohs rnmhghmnrég su jhdan nstégjir. ]b ustnj prnjbmi mhgtri primtbmig ah qun prnjbmig8
ai phrghcrikæi, pnrh sn ngtrntbngn mhg prhcrifis qun funstrig jnsgujhs, sus `bohs
ah ghtirég. Ais immbhgns `idaig fés qun ais piaidris. Ahs nstégjirns jn jhdan miri
prnhmupig
prnhmu pig i fum`h
fum`hss gbùhs ng ahs `hcirn
`hcirnss jn prnjbm
prnjbmijhrns
ijhrns,, jn finstrh
finstrhss y jn htrhs
aæjnrnsmig
primtb
primtbmignspbrbtuians. Ahsg.gbùhs
ah qun prnjbmi
prnjbmig. y ahs ijhansmngtns
Nstn mhfphr
mhfphrtifbng th jn rnmhghmng
tifbngth jhdan égbfh muigjh
mhg sus ipijrns
mhgkugjn
kugjn gh
ahs `bohs
y ahs `imn trhpnzir. @imnr qun ahs gbùhs trhpbnmng ns ug pnmijh fhrtia. Jndbjh i ai
`bphmrnsæi ng na `hcir, ahs gbùhs pbngsig qun na nvigcnabh h ai \iaidri jn Jbhs rniafngtn
gh kugmbhgig, qun shg shaifngtn piri na pÿapbth ahs jhfbgchs y gh piri ai vbji rnia.
Tnmunrjn ai ijvnrtngmbi qun ghs `bzh Onsÿs imnrmi jn `imnr trhpnzir i ahs gbùhs.
;
‑R muiaqubnri qun `ici trhpnzir i iacugh jn nsths pnqunùhs qun mrnng ng fæ,
fnohr an kunri qun sn an mhacisn ia munaah ugi pbnjri jn fhabgh jn isgh, y qun
\ 03 ¸Mýfh punjng ahs
sn an `ugjbnsn ng ah prhkugjh jna fir.
fir. 3 ¡Iy jna fugjh phr ahs trhpbnzhs! phrqun aæjnrns prnstiran itngmbýg
ns gnmnsirbh qun vngcig trhpbnzhs, pnrh ¡iy jn iquna `hfdrn phr qubng vbngn na i ai ijvnrtngmbi jn
trhpbnzh! 0 \hr tigth, sb tu figh h tu pbn tn ns hmisbýg jn minr, mýrtiah y âm`iah Fitnh 90?;-28
jn tb5 fnohr tn ns ngtrir ng ai vbji mhoh h figmh, qun tngbngjh jhs fighs h jhs
pbns snr nm`ijh ng na kunch ntnrgh. 2 R sb tu hoh tn ns hmisbýg jn minr, sémiah y
âm`iah jn tb5 fnohr tn ns ngtrir mhg ug shah hoh ng ai vbji, qun tngbngjh jhs hohs
snr nm`ijh ng na bgnrgh jn kunch‖ (Ft 90?;-2).
90?;-2).
3. ]ni phsbtbvh y iancrn ng na `hcir ia `idair jna fbgbstnrbh.
fbgbstnrbh. Fum`hs pisthrns \ 00 Ng na `hcir,
mhfntng ug nrrhr ia jirans ai bfprnsbýg i sus `bohs jn qun na fbgbstnrbh ns ugi ¸mýfh punjng ahs aæjnrns
prnsngtir na fbgbstnrbh
fbgbstnrbh mhfh
mirci, ug simrbmbh y `iy ug iath prnmbh qun picir. Ahs `bohs, mhg krnmungmbi, ug prbvbancbh8
bgtnrprntig qun nsth sbcgbmi qun ahs fbgbstrhs y ahs `bohs shg væmtbfis i ahs qun
sn ans jndn tngnr aéstbfi. Na rnsuatijh ns qun nsths gbùhs mrnmng
mrnmn g mhg rnsngtbfbngth \ 02 ¸Muéans shg
y ifircuri. Ns vnrjij qun na fbgbstnrbh nxbcn tridioh jurh y `iy simrbmbhs iacughs jn ahs dngnmbhs
jna fbgbstnrbh qun ahs aæjnrns
qun `imnr phr Mrbsth. \nrh phjnfhs imnptir mhg chzh na tridioh, ahs simrbmbhs
punjng ngkitbzirans i ahs
y na mhsth jna fbgbstnrbh. \hjnfhs migtir ng vnz jn qunoirghs h cnfbr imnrmi jn fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi8
ai mruz qun mircifhs phr Mrbsth. ]b ahs pijrns jbskrutig jna fbgbstnrbh, ia snrvbr
i ais pnrshgis y iug ia nstujbir y vbvbr ai \iaidri jn Jbhs, ahs `bohs ig`nairég ah
fbsfh. Nvbtn `idair shdrn ahs prhdanfis fbgbstnrbians h mrbtbmir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn

9;; Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

ai mhgcrncimbýg. ]ni phsbtbvh. Ngkitbmn ais rnmhfpngsis y dngnmbhs jna snrvbmbh i

Jbhs. Ahs gbùhs ng na fbgbstnrbh shg nspnmbians. Naahs rnmbdng rnmhghmbfbngth nxtri y
fés itngmbýg qun htrhs. Ai tirni fbgbstnrbia trin mhgsbch fum`hs nvngths y mhgtimths
shmbians. Ngkitbmn ais vngtiois jna fbgbstnrbh y fbgbfbmn ais jnsvngtiois. [bvi ai
imtbtuj? ‑¡Zhjh nsth y na mbnah tifdbâg!‖.
tifdbâg!‖ . Nvbtn jnmbr? ‑^stnj gh punjn `imnr nsth
phrqun ns na `boh jn ug fbgbstrh‖. Ngkitbmn na suprnfh aaififbngth y na prbvbancbh
nspnmbia jn nstir ng na fbgbstnrbh. Ngkitbmn? ‑Gunstri vbji ns mhfh ugi abgtnrgi piri
ais pnrshgis qun mifbgig phr ugi sngji hsmuri. Nonrmnfhs ugi bgungmbi ntnrgi
 shdrn ahs qun ghs rhjnig. Fum`hs bfbtirég y sncubrég na nonfpah qun nstidanzmifhs.
\hjnfhs `idairans i ais pnrshgis imnrmi jn Onsÿs y mýfh Âa punjn mifdbir su vbji‖.
Gh shah ans jbci i ahs gbùhs qun na fbgbstnrbh ns ug prbvbancbh, ¡jnfuâstrnah! Nstn
fngsion tbngn qun snr rnia.
\ 2< ¸Yuâ sbcgbmi qun
ug aæjnr sni rnsnrvijh mhg
0. \rimtbqun ai mhgjngmbiabjij. Ai angcui sunati jn ug aæjnr an phgn ai shci i su
prhpbh munaah.
ais mhgjngmbis8
Aigjh an ngtrncý su vbji ia ]nùhr jnsjn qun nri ug gbùh ng ai mhgcrncimbýg. Kun
na i ai Nsmunai Jhfbgbmia iùh tris iùh. Muigjh aancý i ai ijhansmngmbi, yi `idæi
anæjh ai Dbdabi virbis vnmns. Âa nri fuy imtbvh ng na cruph ouvngba y mrnmæi mhfh ug
\ 29 ¸Yuâ nrrhr mhfntbý ohvng pbijh
pbijhsh.
sh. ]n mmisý
isý mhg uugi
gi oohvng
hvng jn ai mhgcr
mhgcrncim
ncimbýg
býg y, jn
jnspuâs
spuâs jn vi
virbhs
rbhs iùhs,
Aigjh8 mhfngzý i ngsnùir ng ai maisn jn ijuaths jn ai Nsmunai Jhfbgbmia y i ai vnz snrvæi
mhfh jbémhgh. ]u nsphsi nri ug dung nonfpah ngtrn ais jifis y ng su `hcir. Na
pisthrr pu
pisth push
sh mmiji
iji vnz fés rnsph
rnsphgsidb
gsidbabjij
abjijns
ns sshdrn
hdrn ahs `hfdr
`hfdrhshs jn Aigjh
Aigjh,, sb
sbgtbng
gtbngjh
jh
qun âa phjræi mhgvnrtbrsn ng ug pisthr krumtæknrh. Mhg na tbnfph, na igmbigh pisthr
furbý y ai mhgcrncimbýg nsmhcbý i Aigjh piri qun kunri na gunvh pisthr. Âa tngæi
fum`is dungis muiabjijns5 pnrh tngæi ugi kiaai qun ifngizidi mhg mnrrir ai punrti
jn su fbgbstnrbh. Mhfh fbnfdrh jn ai mhgcrncimbýg, Aigjh, mhfh fum`hs htrhs,
jn vnz ng muigjh `idaidi idbnrtifngtn jn ahs htrhs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg.

Nsti
Aigjhnrighugi prémtbmi
`idæi mhfÿg
iprngjbjh qunyahs
imnptiji ngtrn
fbnfdrhs jnahs aibmhs. \nrh phr
ai mhgcrncimbýg snr pisthr
nspnrig qun nagunvh,
pisthr
sni fuy rnsnrvijh.
rnsnrvijh. I fnjbji qun ug pisthr mhgstruyn rnaimbhgns mnrmigis mhg ai crny
qun pisthrni, mhghmn ahs snmrnths,
snmrnths, ahs isugths pnrshgians n bgkhrfimbýg prbviji jn miji
kifbabi. Mhfh gunvh pisthr, Aigjh gh pnrmbdbý qun yi gh phjæi `idair idbnrtifngtn
imnrmi jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. Mhfh aibmh, ah qun ais pnrshgis `idaidig
nri jn jhfbgbh pÿdabmh. \nrh mhfh pisthr, hdtngæi bgkhrfimbýg prbviji qun htrhs gh
sidæig, imnrmi jn ais pnrshgis. R âa mhfntæi na nrrhr jn pisir nsti bgkhrfimbýg pnrshgia
y prbviji i htrhs.
Muigjh `idaý mhg Ouig, na pisthr Aigjh fngmbhgý na prhdanfi qun na `nrfigh
Oibfn ngkrngtidi mhg su `boh ijhansmngtn. Muigjh mhgvnrsý mhg Oibfn, âa baustrý ug
prbgmbpbh dædabmh mhg ughs prhdanfis gigmbnrhs qun tngæi Ouig. Muigjh imhgsnoý i
Firmhs y i ]usy
]usy,, ans isncurý qun Njuirjh y Firæi aum`idig mhg ug prhdanfi pirnmbjh.
I fnjbji qun nsths fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg mhgvnrsidig ahs ughs mhg ahs htrhs,

mhfh mhfngtijh
`idæi usuiafngtnimnrmi
`imæig,jnnaahs mhfngzirhg
virbhs fbnfdrhsijn
`idair jn ais mhsis qun
ai mhgcrncimbýg. [ na \isthr
[irbhs
irbhs Aigjh ans
sn `hrrhrbzirhg.
Gh phjæig mrnnr qun na pisthr `udbnri pisijh ai bgkhrfimbýg pnrshgia y prbviji qun
naahs an `idæig mhfngtijh mhgjngmbiafngtn. Iacughs mhfngzirhg i prncugtirsn sb
Aigjh nri sumbngtnfngtn fijurh piri snr su pisthr
pisthr.. Oibfn nstidi fuy prnhmupijh mhg
nstn isugth. Âa sn jbh mungti jn qun Aigjh thjivæi gh `idæi iprngjbjh qun ug pisthr
jndn snr fuy rnsnrvijh mhg ai bgkhrfimbýg pnrshgia y prbviji qun ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai
mhgcrncimbýg mhfpirtæig mhg âa. ‑\hr ai dhmi funrn na pnz‖.
Jnspuâs jn fum`i hrimbýg, Oibfn sn rnugbý mhg na pisthr Aigjh piri jbsmutbr na isugth
jn ai mhgjngmbiabjij ng na fbgbstnrbh. Âa an nxpabmý i Aigjh ah qun ahs ivnrchgzijhs
fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg jnmæig imnrmi jn âa. Mhg `ufbajij, na \isthr Aigjh an

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9;3

icrijnmbý i Oibfn phr snr sumbngtnfngtn viabngtn piri `idair jn nstn prhdanfi. Na
pisthr prhfntbý qun, jnsjn nsn jæi ng ijnaigtn, snræi rnsnrvijh, y an pbjbý i Oibfn
qun sn rnugbnri gunvifngtn mhg âa jngtrh jn snbs fnsns piri iyujiran i nviauir su
prhcrnsh. Crimbis i nstn snrvbmbia ifbch
ifbch,, na pisthr Aigj
Aigjhh iprngjbý i cu
cuirjir
irjir ahs isugth
isugthss
mhgjngmbians ng na irfirbh. Ng htris piaidris, gh phjæi mhfpirtbr mhg gijbn ahs isugths
prbvijhs jn ahs fbnfdrhs. Ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg punjng tngnr mhgigzi ng
aæjnrns qun shg rnsnrvijhs.
D. Bgvhaumrn i sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh y `éciah ifngh piri naahs. \ 24 ¸Yubâg ns na
fhjnah piri ahs `bohs jna
@isti mbnrth pugth, miji fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi jna pisthr nsté ng na fbgbstnrbh. I jbémhgh Kuaigh8
mhgtbguimbýg, prnsngtifhs iacugis fignris jn nvbtir ai ifircuri, ia iyujir i sus `bohs
i khrfir pirtn jna nqubph fbgbstnrbia jn ai kifbabi. \ 2= Ng na `hcir, ¸phr
quâ ns bfphrtigtn ngkitbzir
Ngkitbmn qun aais
is ppnrshgis
nrshgis qun ns
nstég
tég ng na fbgbstnrbh gh sshg
hg pnr
pnrknmtis5
knmtis5 sbfpanfngtn qun ahs qun nstég ng na
 shg
i ahspnrshgis
fbgbstrhsmhfugns
mhfh ngmhg
ugug aaifijh
pnjnstia piriphr
piri
fuy snrvbr i htrhs.
ngmbfi jn ahs Iacughs
jnfés. Nsthaæjnrns phgng
hmisbhgi
fbgbstnrbh gh shg pnrknmths8

qun sus `bohs sn sbngtig mhfh sb gugmi kunrig ah sumbngtnfngtn dunghs piri na
fbgbstnrbh. Ngsâùnans i sus `bohs qun `isti ahs ipýsthans tngæig tigths prhdanfis
mhfh muiaqubnr htri pnrshgi. Naahs gh nrig ahs fés bgtnabcngtns
bgtnabcngtns,, gb ahs fés vnahmns
y gb sbqubnri ahs fés nspbrbtuians. Ng Ouig 94 vnfhs qun Firæi ai `nrfigi jn
Aézirh kun fés pnrmnptbvi qun thjhs ahs ipýsthans. Muiaqubnri qun nsmhoi sncubr
i Onsÿs ns ah sumbngtnfngtn dungh piri iyujir i htrhs. ]b Jbhs dusmiri sbnrvhs
pnrknmths, gh `idræi gbgcugh ng ai absti. R rnmunrjn ah qun ug pisthr sidbh jboh
fbngtris an shgrnæi i ug mrætbmh jn sus `bohs? ‑Fbs `bohs gh shg na fhjnah piri ahs
suyhs, ¡ns ustnj fbsfh!‖ 4:
Bgvhaumrnn i sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh.
Bgvhaumr Ngkitbmn na viahr
viahr jn su mhgtrbdumbýg ng na \ 2: ¸Muéans shg
iacugis fignris ng qun ahs
fbgbstnrbh. Iyÿjnans
Iyÿjnans i jnsmudrbr sus `idbabjijns y jhgns, i jir pnqunùhs pishs piri
aæjnrns punjng bgvhaumrir y
snrvbr i htrhs. Yun iyujng i hrir phr ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai mhgcrncimbýg. \nrfætians igbfir i sus `bohs ng

`hrgnir
]b ciaantis
ns phsbdan, piri mhfpirtbr
pnrfbti mhg ahs
qun sus `bohs vbsbtigtns,
sbnfdrng ugimhg ais vbujis
`unrti h mhg ahs ai
piri mhfpirtbr ngknrfhs.
mhsnm`i na fbgbstnrbh8

mhg ahs gnmnsbtijhs. R muigjh sus gbùhs jng pnqunùhs pishs piri snrvbr, mnaâdrnahs
mhfh iach bfphrtigtn. Naýcbnahs, shgræians, igæfnahs. Iyÿjnans
Iyÿjnans i sngtbr y i mnandrir
na viahr jn sus iphrtns.
Iphyn i sus `bohs ng rniabzir pnqunùhs prhynmths piri rnmhcnr khgjhs piri ais
fbsbhgns. Miji iùh ng ahs Nstijhs ^gbjhs, ahs gbùhs jn ais bcansbis jn ais Isifdanis jn
Jbhs anvigtig fbaahgns jn jýairns phr fnjbh jna prhcrifi Mruziji fbsbhgnri jn gbùhs
y gbùis (DCFM sbcai ng bgcaâs). R ahs oývngns jn ais bcansbis jn ais Isifdanis jn Jbhs
ng ahs Nstijhs ^gbjhs anvigtig fbaahgns jn jýairns phr fnjbh jna prhcrifi Imnanrn ai
auz (]ZA sbcai ng bgcaâs), piri
pir i ai mhfpri jn iuths y nqubphs piri
pi ri ahs fbsbhgnrh
fbsbhgnrhs.
s. I
Iyÿjnans
yÿjnans
i sus gbùhs i phgnr su kn ng immbýg.
Kbcuri >.99
Aaâvnahs mhg ustnj i vbsbtir i ugi I ai njij jn ;0 iùhs ug aæjnr thjivæi
kifbabi gunvi, i cigir pnrshgis rnmhrjidi mýfh ahs ijuaths ah
gunvis piri Mrbsth, i hrir phr ahs bgvhaumrirhg ng na fbgbstnrbh muigjh âa
ngknrfhs h i vbsbtir i pnrshgis ipngis tngæi 0 iùhs. Cigý ug mhgmursh
phr `idnr aanvijh na fiyhr gÿfnrh
shabtirbis. Ngsâùnans vnrsæmuahs jn ai jn gbùhs i ai Nsmunai Jhfbgbmia. Na
Dbdabi qun naahs punjig mbtirans i ais prnfbh qun ah bgspbrý nri ugi dirri jn
pnrshgis gnmnsb
pnrshgis gnmnsbtijis.
tijis. Ngsâù
Ngsâùnans
nans i juamn ¡jn ug fntrh jn airch! Aæjnrns
cubir i htrh gbùh i Mrbsth. Khrfn ug mhrh nspbrbtuians, hkrâzmigans i ahs gbùhs ug
jn gbùhs. Hrcigbmn ug mhgmursh piri vnr prnfbh phr aanvir vbsbtigtns ia tnfpah.
\nqunùhs imths mhfh nsths piri
quâ gbùh punjn trinr fés vbsbtigtns i ai bgvhaumrir n bgspbrir cuæig i fum`hs
bcansbi. Tnpértians prnfbhs i thjhs ahs qun gbùhs y oývngns i trigsbtir phr na
pirtbmbpng.
pirtbmbpng. I ahs ;0 iùhs, ug aæjnr thjivæi mifbgh jna snrvbmbh y jna fbgbstnrbh.

9;0 Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

rnmhrjidi muigjh cigý ug mhgmursh i ahs hm`h iùhs phr aanvir fés gbùhs i ai Nsmunai
Jhfbgbmia. Na prnfbh qun rnmbdbý kun ugi dirri jn juamn jn ug fntrh jn airch (`nm`i jn
pnqunùis dirris jn mirifnahs ngvunatis
ngvunatis ng pipna jn iaufbgbh).
^gi pirnoi ng na abjnrizch bgkhrfi? ‑Muigjh jifhs ugi hkrngji nspnmbia ng ai bcansbi,
ah `imnfhs ng nknmtbvh y ans pnjbfhs i gunstrhs gbùhs qun phgcig sus fighs mhg ghshtrhs
shdrn na jbgnrh, fbngtris sn ah jifhs ia ]nùhr. \unjn bficbgirsn mýfh bguyn nsth ng su
mhrizýg, ia snr pirtn jn ai kifbabi qun an ji ugi sufi jn jbgnrh i ai bcansbi. Jnspuâs jn
\ 2> ¸Mýfh ugi pirnoi
pujh bgvhaumrir n bgspbrir
bgspbrir i
nsth, gunstrhs `bohs sn nfhmbhgig ia vnr ais dngjbmbhgns jn Jbhs shdrn gunstri jhgimbýg.
sus `bohs i jir8 \irtbmbpir ng jir ans funstri i gunstrhs `bohs qun primtbmifhs ah qun prnjbmifhs‖.
\iri ahs gbùhs jndnræi snr kémba vnr ai vbji nspbrbtuia jn ahs aæjnrns. Naahs sidng muégjh
pipé h fifé nstég hrigjh
hrigjh,, anyngj
anyngjhh ai \iaidr
\iaidri,
i, tnstb
tnstbmigjh
migjh,, iyugij
iyugijhh h pnrjhg
pnrjhgigjh.
igjh.
Mrbstbgi \`igc, ugi fbsbhgnri jn Fiaisbi rnmunrji qun sus `bohs qunræig ugbrsn ia iyugh
\ 2; ¸Yuâ bgspbrý i ugi jn sus pijrns. Eit`rygg tngæi mbgmh iùhs y ¡jnmbjbý gh mhfnr pipis mhfh su iyugh! Nrig
gbùi jn mbgmh iùhs i iyugir8
su mhfbji kivhrbti. I su fifé sn an havbjý y an nfpimý ugi dhasi jn pipbtis krbtis ng su
ahgm`nri piri ai nsmunai.
fifé an prncugtý \nrh
imnrmi jn ia Eit`rygg
nsth, rncrnsir ianmisi ais pipbtis
rnmhrjý qun aisnstidig
pipbtis sbg idrbr.
krbtis Muigjh
nstidig su
`nm`is
jn pipis. Nstn ns ugh jn ahs rnmunrjhs fés juamns jn Mrbstbgi.
Ijnfés jn ahs jnvhmbhgians kifbabirns, igbfn i sus gbùhs i tngnr sus prhpbhs
jnvhmbhgians pnrshgians, mhg anmturi dædabmi y hrimbýg. Iabâgtnahs i qun mhfpirtig mhg
 ustnj ah qun iprngjig y nxpnrbfngtng fbngtris pisig tbnfph i shais mhg Jbhs. Mrbstbigi
bgkhrfi? ‑Zhjivæi
‑Zhjivæi fn custi prncugtirans i ais gbùis, iÿg i`hri qun nstég ng ai ugbvnrsbjij.
Zhjivæi ans prncugth quâ ns ah qun nstég anyngjh ng sus jnvhmbhgians y quâ ns ah qun Jbhs
ans nsté `idaigjh i naais. Iacugis vnmns, naais fn pnrfbtng sidnr qun gh ah `imng fuy dbng,
qun nstég fuy hmupijis h jbstriæjis. \nrh thjivæi fn figtngch ng mhgtimth mhg naais.
Krnmungtnfngtn mhfh pijrns, nstifhs fés prnhmupijhs phr rnvbsir sus miabmimbhgns
miabmi mbhgns qun
phr su vbji nspbrbt
nspbrbtuia.
uia. Ns bfphr
bfphrtigtn
tigtn mipimbt
mipimbtir
ir i ahs gbùhs, ijhansm
ijhansmngtns
ngtns y i ahs oývngns
ijuaths piri qun pisng tbnfph mhg Jbhs.
Na `boh jn ug pisthr sn anvigtý piri `idair ng na kugnria jn su pijrn. ]u mhrizýg sn
jnsdhrjidi jn critbtuj, fbngtris `idaidi jna pijrn qun Jbhs an `idæi jijh. Iacugis
aécrbfis rhjidig phr sus fnobaais ia rnmhrjir ai maisn jn `hfdrn qun nri su pijrn, ng na
\ 23 ¸Muéans shg tnfpah y ng na `hcir. ‑¸Yuâ piaidris punjh usir piri jnsmrbdbr i fb pijrn8‖, prncugtý
iacugis jn ais piaidris qun na `boh mhg ugi anvn shgrbsi. Âa nstidi jbsphgbdan sbnfprn simigjh tbnfph piri ai kifbabi
usý ug `boh piri nahcbir i su mhg su icngji tig hmupiji. ]bnfprn nstidi iancrn fbrégjhghs mhg ugi shgrbsi. Fb
pijrn ng su kugnria8 pijrn sbnfprn nri fuy pnrshgia5 ghs aaifidi i miji ugh phr gunstrh ghfdrn, fhstridi
ug sbgmnrh bgtnrâs ng ah qun `imæifhs, ghs prncugtidi phr gunstri vbji y thfidi tbnfph
miji snfigi piri miji ugh jn ghshtrhs y piri thji ai kifbabi. Âa nri ifidanifidan,, cngtba y
mirbùhsh. Nri kunrtn, pnrh tbnrgh. ]u ifhr virhgba sn figbknstidi mhg pimbngmbi
pimbngmbi,, dhgjij,
sitbskimmbýg y `ufbajij. Fb pijrn nri ousth
ousth,, sbnfprn rfn phr ai vnrjij. Âa nri rfn,
mhgsnmungtn y mhgidan mhfh na ifignmnr. ]bnfprn sidæifhs muéa nri ai phsbmbýg jn
pipé ng thjhs ahs isugths. R âa nri mhfprngsbvh
mhfprngsbvh,, pnrjhgi
pnrjhgijhr
jhr, jbpahfétbmh y jn fngtn
idbnrti.. Zngæi
idbnrti Zngæi ai `idbabjij jn vnr ai vbji jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi. ‑Rh
\ 20 ¸Zhjhs ahs an icrijnzmh i Jbhs phr na pijrn qun na mbnah fn jbh. Mýfh ah nxtriùirâ. Fb hrimbýg ns
aæjnrns tbngng khrtianzis y qun yh punji sncubr sus pishs y snr nximtifngtn mhfh âa‖.
jndbabjijns8 Nxpabqun. M. Nviaÿn su prhcrnsh ng ai prémtbmi jn ais vvnbgtbugi
nbgtbugi fnohrns muiabjijns
\ 22 ¸\hr quâ fnohrig jn ahs aæjnrns ng na `hcir.
iacughs aæjnrns ia pisir jn
ahs iùhs8
Ia fnjbtir ng nsti anmmbýg, prncÿgtnsn quâ maisn jn piaidris phjræig jnmbr ahs
fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi ng su kugnria. Nsti anmmbýg gh ns piri mhgjngirah. Ns piri
\ 9<< ¸Mýfh punjn
ustnj paignir y vbvbr i`hri,
iyujirah i fnohrir i`hri, igtns jn qun aancun na jæi jn su kugnria. Ani thjis ais
jn fhjh qun sus `bohs muiabjijns ng ai Kbcuri >.94. Zritn jn nviauirsn, jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ahs
punjig jnmbr dungis mhsis
mhsis fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi. Jnsn ugi piafiji ng na `hfdrh phr ais érnis ng ais qun an
ng su kugnria8 vi dbng. Ngmbnrrn ng ug mærmuah ais érnis ng ais qun jndn fnohrir. Hrn phr ugi h fés

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 9;2

jn nstis érnis miji snfigi. \æjian ia Nspærbtu ]igth qun an iyujn i mhgvnrtbrsn ng ai
pnrs
pnrshgi
hgi qun Jbhs
su prhcrnsh, qubnr
qubnrnn qun
nsmrbdbngjh sni piri
iacugis su mýgyu
mýgyucn
hrimbhgns cn njn`bohs
imnrmi `bohs.
ais .fignris
Figt
Figtngci
ngci
ng ug
aisrncbs
rncbstrh
qun trh jn
ustnj
figbnsti ais dungis muiabjijns jn ai mhaufgi mngtria. Zhjhs phjnfhs fnohrir
muigjh idrbfhs gunstrh mhrizýg i Jbhs y phgnfhs ng prémtbmi fhstrir muiabjijns
pbijhsis phr fnjbh jna phjnr jna Nspærbtu ]igth (Cé >?9;, 44-4;). Zhji ai vbji ns ug
prhmnsh jn aancir i snr fés mhfh Onsÿs, phmh
phmh i phmh, jæi i jæi.
\ 9<9 Iuthnviaÿnsn usigjh ai curi >.94.
>.94. Fbrn prbfnrh ais muia
muiabjijns
bjijns jn ai mhaufgi
mngtria. Aunch mhgtristn ai mhaufgi mngtria mhg ais mhaufgis jn ai bzqubnrji y jn ai jnrnm`i.
Firqun ais érnis ng ais qun an vi dbng. Jbduon ug mærmuah ng ais érnis qun jnsni fnohrir.
Tnvbsn ai absti krnmungtnfngtn y pæjian ia ]nùhr qun ah iyujn i aancir i snr fés y fés mhfh Âa.
Ais 49 maisns jn muiabjijns jn ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia ng na `hcir5 y, ahs nxtrnfhs.
Muiabjijns jnsnijis
Nxtrnfh bzqubnrjh  jn ahs aæjnrns ng na `hcir Nxtrnfh jnrnm`h
Aangh jn hjbh, fnzqubgh, kræh,
Ifhrhsh, iknmtuhsh Nkusbvh, fnahsh, isxbigtn
jnfisbijh khrfia, bgnxprnsbvh
Jnfisbijh snrbh, itismijh ng na ahjh Ifigtn jn aiivngturnrh,
`ufhr, jbvnrsbýg, mhg
jbvnrsbýg, sngtbjh jna
ngârcbmh, Idurrbjh, ipétbmh, jnsbgtnrnsijh
jnsbgtnrnsijh phr
h ng na pisijh ahs jnfés, migsijh
sn bgtnrnsi phr htrhs
\nrjhgijhr, mhrtâs, fbsnrbmhrjbhsh,
Tngmhrhsh, vngcitbvh, snvnrh, mruna, Bgjbknrngtn, jnsprnhmupijh,
mhfpisbvh, ifidan, thanrigtn,
crhsnrh, bgnxbdan, éspnrh phmh pnrmnptbvh, bgsngsbdan
tbnrgh, cngtba
Bgmh`nrngtn? `hy jbmn sæ, fiùigi gh. Kbidan, jnjbcgh, ania Hmupijh, iusngtn, gh jbsphgbdan
@bpýmrbti \bijhsh, sigth Mirgia
]bg mirémtnr, vhaudan, jn jhdan miri,
Jâsphti, iuthrbtirbh, sngtngmbhsh, Ousth, mhfprngsbvh,
mhfh ug ougmh simujbjh phr
mrætbmh, pirmbia thanrigtn, jbpahfétbmh
 na vbngth, bgjnmbsh
Ifbsthsh, icrijidan, Jhabjh, ibcbjh, bgshmbidan, ibsaijh,
\njigtn, iatbvh, rujh, jbstigtn
paimngtnrh, itrimtbvh shabtirbh, jnprbfbjh
Jnfisbijh nstrbmth, anciabsti, Jn prbgmbpbhs, nqubabdrijh, prémtbmh, ousth,
Jnfisbijh thanrigtn, sbg prbgmbpbhs
snvnrh, sbgbnstrh pirnmbjh i Mrbsth, imtuiabzijh
Jbstriæjh, fia hyngtn, bgjbknrngtn,
Itirnijh, prnhmupijh, Mhgjngmbia, sngsbtbvh,
prnsngtn ng munrph
jbstigtn, iusngtn mirbùhsh, jbsphgbdan
pnrh iusngtn ng fngtn
Nghoijh, `hstba, fhansth,
Zrigq
rigqu
ubah,
bah, jhfb
jhfbgb
gbh
hpprh
rhpb
pbh,
h, fij
iju
urh Ipé
péttbm
bmh,
h, jn
jnsc
scig
igij
ijh,
h, sn
snjn
jngt
gtir
irbh
bh
sn rndnai, bgkigtba
Zbrigtn, nstrnsijh, igsbhsh, Miafijh, pimbngtn, shsncijh, rnaioijh,
Ipétbmh, antércbmh, pnrnzhsh
gnrvbhsh, tnfnrhsh mhgijh, sncurh
Gncitbvh, pnsbfbsti, mægbmh \hsbtbvh, hptbfbsti, aangh jn kn Jnsigbfijh, ichtijh
Ngciùhsh @hgnsth, mhgidan [ich,
[ic h, bgjnmbsh
Mnrrijh, sbangmbhsh, ug rnmaush Mhfugbmitbvh, shmbia \iraigm`æg, bgtnrrufpn, fia hyngtn
Bgspbrijhr, iangtijhr, qun irfi,
Nxbcngtn, jhfbgigtn, figbpuaijhr ]ncubjhr jn fuatbtujns
dung nonfpah
Mnahsh, ngvbjbhsh, Jnsprnvngbjh,
]itbsknm`h, icrijnmbjh
mhjbmbhsh, jnsicrijnmbjh thfi ais dngjbmbhgns phr sngtijh
\nrjhgijh, aivijh, rnjbfbjh, oustbmijh,
Ivnrchgzijh, muapidan, nsqubvh,
]igturrýg, supnrbhr, sigth, ousth, mhgijh, sncurh, viabhsh,
rnm`izijh, mhgjngijh, pnmifbghsh,
mhg ugi mhgmbngmbi miutnrbziji ifijh, sngtbjh jn pnrtngngmbi,
jnsprnmbidan, bgknrbhr, nxmaubjh
sbcgbmitbvh,, rnspntijh, dngjnmbjh
sbcgbmitbvh
Zrbstn, fia`ufhrijh, fnaigmýabmh,
Chzhsh, iancrn, knabz, shgrbngtn Bfpévbjh
jnsngmioijh, mhg na mnùh krugmbjh
Fnzqubgh, timiùh,
Cngnrhsh, itngth Brrnsphgsidan, jnspbakirrijhr
jnsmhgsbjnrijh mhg ahs jnfés
Tndnajn, jnshdnjbngtn, brrnspntuhsh, Hdnjbngtn i Jbhs, shfntbjh i ais
gh mhaidhrijhr iuthrbjijns, mhhpnrijhr
Hrcuaahsh, oimtigmbhsh,
@ufb
@ufbaj
ajn,
n, mh
mhg
g mh
mhri
rizý
zýg
g jn sb
sbnr
nrvh
vh.. Bg
Bgjb
jbkn
knrn
rngt
gtn,
n, sn figt
figtbn
bngn
gn fi
fircrcbg
bgij
ijh
h
sn nxiati i sæ fbsfh
Kbcuri >.94 Zidai
Zidai qun mhgtristi ahs nxtrnfhs mhg ais 49 maisns jn muiabjij
muiabjijns
ns jn ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia ng na
na `hcir.

93< Mipætuah > Abjnrizch 9

Iuthnviauimbýg? Jbduon ug mærmuah iarnjnjhr jn ai antri qun mhfpantn fnohr miji prncugti
h jnmairimbýg?

9. ^gi pnrshgi qun sn sbngtn jbstigmbiji jngtrh jn ;. ^gi miusi sncuri jn jnségbfh ng ahs aæjnrns ns
su kifbabi i) tngnr ifbch
ifbchss y mhgsuathrns.
i) sn iknrriré i ahs viahrns kifba
kifbabirns.
birns. d) tritir jn prhfhvnr ug mifdbh.
d) pnrfignmnré ania i ai kifbabi. m) abjnrir sbg fbnfdrhs ng su pnrshgia
pnrshgia..
m) `idairé idbnrtifngt
idbnrtifngtnn imnrmi jn sus sngtbfbngt
sngtbfbngths
hs j) snr cubijhs phr ais nxpnmtitbvis jn ahs jnfés.
pnrshgians.
3. ^gi maivn piri nvbtir na jnségbfh ng na abjnrizch ns
j) dusmiré i htrhs piri sitbskimnr sus gnmnsbjijns. i) rnmhrjir qun uustnj
stnj nsté ttridioigjh
ridioigjh piri Jbhs.
4. Ai bgtbfbjij ng ugi kifbabi sn nm`i i pnrjnr fés d) nspnrir iacugis rnmhfpngsis jn ais pnrshgis.
krnmungtnfngtn phr m) figtngnr ug rncbstrh jn ais mrætbmis y jn ahs nahcbh
nahcbhss
i) ai ijvnrsbjij. qun ustnj rnmbdn.
d) ai nsmaivbtuj. j) dusmir ug nqubab
nqubabdrbh
drbh ngtrn icrijir i Jbhs y i
m) na sngt
sngtbfbngth
bfbngth jn bgsnc
bgsncurbjij.
urbjij. ais pnrshgis.
j) ahs prhdanfis kbgigmbnrhs. 0. ^g nanfngth piri `imnr jna `hcir ug aucir sncurh ns
i) utbabzir su `hcir i fng
fngujh
ujh piri aais
is rnugbhgns
=. ¸Yuâ jnmairimbýg ns [NTJIJNTI imnrmi jn
ai tngtimbýg8 fbgbstnrbians.
i) Ahs qun shg nspbrbtu
nspbrbtuians
ians gh sshg
hg tngtijhs. d) utbabzir i ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi piri baustrir sus
snrfhgns.
d) Iug ahs fés nspbrbtuians shg tngtijhs.
m) Zngnr ug fia pngsifbngth ns pnmijh. m) thfir tbnfph piri nanahcbir
hcbir y rnær ng na `hcir.
j) Onsÿs ns na ÿÿgbmh
gbmh qun gh ku
kunn tngtijh. j) nanvir i sus `bo
`bohs
hs mhfh na nstég
nstégjir
jir piri htrhs gbù
gbùhs.
hs.
2. ^gi dungi fignri jn bgvhaumrir i su kifbabi ng na
:. Ahs pishs qun aanvig ia ijuatnrbh shg fbgbstnrbh ns
i) phmhs y crigjns. i) nspnrir qun ahs qqun
un nstég ng na fb
fbgbstnrbh
gbstnrbh snig aahs
hs
d) éspnrhs y nfpbgijhs. fnohrns.
m) fum`hs y pnqunùhs. d) `idair krnmungtnfngtn imnrmi jn ahs simrbkbmbhs y ais
j) bgvbsbdans y jnsmh
jnsmhghmbjhs.
ghmbjhs. jbkbmuatijns jna fbgbstnrbh.
>. ¸Muéa ns ugi miusi jn shanjij ngtrn ahs aæjnrns8 m) `idair idbnrtifngtn imnrmi jn ais kiatis jn aahs
hs
 fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg.
i) I ahs sncubjhrns ans custi nstir jnfisbijh mnrmi jn
j) iyujir i sus `b
`bohs
ohs i jnsmudrbr y usir sus jhg
jhgns.
ns.
ahs aæjnrns.
d) Ahs aæjnrns tbngjng i pnrfignmnr i ugi jbstigmbi 9<. ^g nrrhr mhfÿg jn ahs aæjnrns ns
sncuri jn sus sncubjhrns. i) snr jnfisbijh snrbh y khrfia ng na ``hcir.
hcir.
m) Ahs sncubj
sncubjhrns
hrns gh mhfp
mhfprngjng
rngjng i ah
ahss aæjnrns. d) rnær jnfisbijh ng na `hcir
`hcir..
j) Ahs aæjnrns jndng nstir mnrmi shaifngtn jn m) pisir jnfisbijh tbnfph ng na `hcir
`hcir..
htrhs aæjnrns. j) nspnrir fuy phmh jjnn ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi.

Ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians jna aæjnr piri prhtncnr i su kifbabi 939

Znfis piri na ngsiyh? Nsmrbdi jn >< i 9<< piaidris shdrn miji ugh jn ahs jbnz hdontbvhs
qun ustnj nstujbý ng nstn mipætuah. (9< pugths phr miji ugh).
• Nxpabmir ahs pnabcrhs jn sngtbrsn shah ng ugi kifbabi.
• Tnsufbr ais gunvn miusis jn sngtbrsn jbstigmbijh jn ai kifbabi y ais shaumbhgns.
• \iri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh, nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs shdrn? na prhdanfi, ai tngtimbýg y na Nspærbtu ]igth,
ais snùians jn ijvnrtngmbi bgtnrgis y nxtnrgis y ipabmir nsths prbgmbpbhs.
• \iri prhtncnr i su kifbabi jna ijuatnrbh, nxpabmir ahs prbgmbpbhs shdrn? su mhrizýg, fngtn, fitrbfhgbh, siauj y
rngjbmbýg jn mungtis, na mhsth jna ijuatnrbh y ipabmir nsths prbgmbpbhs.
• Tnsufbr ais rizhgns phr ais qun ug aæjnr ngkrngti ai shanjij y ais mbgmh maisns jn ifbchs qun punjng iyujir.
• Mhgtristir ngtrn fbgbstrir sncÿg su aaififbngth y sus jhgns mhg snr cubijh phr ais nxpnmtitbvis jn ahs jnfés.
• Nxpabmir phr quâ ahs aæjnrns jndng rnmhrjir qun tridioig piri Jbhs y gh nspnrir rnmhfpngsis jn ais pnrshgis.
• Tnsufbr ais hm`h fignris ng ais qun ug aæjnr punjn `imnr jn su `hcir ug rnkucbh sncurh y knabz.
• Bgjbmir iacugis
iacugis maivns piri bgvhaumrir
bgvhaumrir i sus
sus `bohs ng na fbgbstnrbh n baustrirais.
baustrirais.
• Nviauir su prhcrnsh ng ai prémtbmi jn ais vnbgtn muiabjijns prbgmbpians jn ug aæjnr ng na `hcir.
Mipætuah ;?
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9
Bgtrhjummbýg
\9 Jn ais jbnz piutis, ¸muéans snrég ais mbgmh fés jbkæmbans8 Ngmbnrrn ng ug mærmuah ais mbgmh fés kémbans.
\4 ¸Muéans jn ais jbnz piutis jnsmrbtis sn mhfprhfntn i mufpabr8

Jbnz piutis piri iprhvnm`ir ia féxbfh ahs prbgmbpbhs jn ais rnaimbhgns ng ais anmmbhgns
a nmmbhgns 4:—=4
9. Mhfbngmn mhg ug iath jnsnh jn fnohrir sus `idbabjijns jn aanvirsn dbng mhg ais pnrshgis. ‑]u imtbtuj
jntnrfbgi su iatbtuj‖. Tnmunrjn i fngujh qun su âxbth y knabmbjij jnpngjng jn su rnaimbýg mhg ais pnrshgis.
4. Ani miji anmmbýg jhs vnmns. Aâiai répbjifngtn ai prbfnri vnz piri tngnr ugi vbsbýg cngnria. Aunch aâiai phr
sncugji vnz angtifngtn, dusmigjh ais fignris jn fnohrir su `idbabjij piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir
sus rnaimbhgns.
=. Jntâgcisn krnmungtnfngtn piri prncugtirsn? ‑¸Mýfh punjh primtbmir nstn prbgmbpbh8‖.
:. Tnsiatn mhg paufi h firmijhr na tnxth i fnjbji qun ann. Jbduon ugi nstrnaai ia aijh jn ais mhsis qun fés
an bfprnsbhgng.
>. Tnvbsn nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs ugi vnz ia fns phr ug iùh, jnspuâs jn mhfpantir na mursh. \iri mhgvnrtbr nsths
prbgmbpbhs ng `édbths, jndn tngnrahs ngkrngtn phr ah fnghs jurigtn ug iùh.

;. Nsmhoi ug prbgmbpbh y primtbqun ipabmégjhah phr ugi snfigi. Tnpbti nsth mhg miji prbgmbpbh. Iprngjnr gunvis
`idbabjijns ns mhfh fhgtir ng dbmbmanti5 iprngjnré phr fnjbh jn ai prémtbmi, gh shaifngtn phr ai anmturi.
3. Ngsâùnan nsths prbgmbpbhs i ug fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi h i ug ifbch h nstÿjbnahs mhg
m hg ug cruph. ^gi h jhs vnmns
ia fns, rnÿgisn mhg ug ifbch h mhg na cruph piri igiabzir na prhcrnsh y mhfpirtbr sus tnstbfhgbhs.
0. Hkrâzmian i ug fbnfdrh jn ai kifbabi h i ug ifbch ugi fhgnji jn viahr miji vnz qun ah shrprngji i ustnj
vbhaigjh muiaqubnri jn nsths prbgmbpbhs.
2. Nviaÿn su prhcrnsh miji snfigi. Bjngtbqun sus âxbths y sus krimishs ng ai ipabmimbýg jn ahs prbgmbpbhs. ]ni
mhgsmbngtn jn ah qun nsté `imbngjh dbng y jn ah qun gnmnsbti fnohrir.
9<. Nsmrbdi ng ai pirtn phstnrbhr jn su
s u Dbdabi, jn nstn abdrh h ng ug jbirbh, nonfpahs jn muigjh ustnj primtbmý nsths
prbgmbpbhs. ]nrég viabhshs muigjh rnnxbhgn ng su prhcrnsh h muigjh sn ahs ngsnùn i htrhs.
Kbcuri ;.9 Jbnz piutis piri iprhvnm`ir ia féxbfh
féxbfh ahs prbgmbpbhs jn ais rnaimbhgns ng
ng ais anmmbhgns 4:—=4
4:—=4 9
\= ¸Yuâ jnsikæhs tbngng thjis ais pnrshgis ng mhfÿg8

^g ngtrngijhr jnspbjbý i ug itanti shdrnsiabngtn phrqun gh phjæi aanvirsn dbng mhg sus
mhfpiùnrhs jn nqubph. ^g `hfdrn jn gnchmbhs mnrrý su iafimâg phrqun sus mabngtns gh ah qunræig.
^gi ohvng nstidi jnsigbfiji phrqun gh tngæi ifbchs ng ai nsmunai. ^gi mhgcrncimbýg jnspbjbý
i ug pisthr phrqun gh jbskrutidi nstir mhg âa. ^g nsphsh y su nsphsi sn snpirirhg phrqun gh phjæig
aanvirsn dbng na ugh mhg na htrh. Fum`is jn nstis pnrshgis fhstridig ugi jndbabjij ng mhfÿg, ugi kiati
jn `idbabjij piri rnaimbhgirsn mhg ahs jnfés.
^g nqubph mnandridi y sn rnchmboidi mhg na itanti fés shdrnsiabngtn. ^g `hfdrn jn gnchmbhs nxpigjbý
su aucir jn tridioh phrqun sus mabngtns ah qunræig y ans custidig sus prhjumths. ^gi ohvng sn mhgvbrtbý
ng ai prnsbjngtn jn su maisn phrqun naai nri ai kivhrbti jn fum`hs nstujbigtns. ^g nsphsh y ugi nsphsi
 mnandrirhg sus vnbgtn iùhs jn knabz fitrbfhgbh phrqun `idæig iprngjbjh i rnaimbhgirsn dbng ngtrn sæ.
Zhjhs nsths âxbths rnnoig ugi khrtianzi? ai `idbabjij jn rnaimbhgirsn mhg ahs jnfés.
Miji aæjnr y muiaqubnr htri maisn jn pnrshgi sn ngkrngtig i jnsikæhs ng érnis mhfh ai siauj, ai
nspbrbtuiabjij, na jbgnrh, na tbnfph, na mhghmbfbngth y ai sidbjuræi. \nrh aanvirsn dbng mhg ais pnrshgis ns
ugh jn ahs crigjns rnths jn ai vbji? ng na `hcir, ng na aucir jn tridioh, ng ai nsmunai h ng na vnmbgjirbh.
Ng muiaqubnr aucir jhgjn ngmungtrn pnrshgis, ugi jn ais mhsis fés bfphrtigtns ns rnaimbhgirsn dbng mhg
naais. Mhfh aæjnr, ns vbtia piri ustnj iprngjnr y primtbmir ais `idbabjijns
`idbabjijn s ng ais rnaimbhgns. Ngthgmns ustnj
phjré rnaim
r naimbhgir
bhgirsn
sn dbng mmhg
hg iqun
iqunaahs
aahs i ahs qqun
un Jbhs ah `i aaaifi
aifijh
jh i abjn
abjnrir
rir y phj
phjré
ré cubi
cubirahs
rahs i rn
rnaimb
aimbhgirs
hgirsnn
dbng mhg htrhs mrny
mrnyngtn
ngtnss y mhg ahs qqun
un gnmns
g nmnsbtig
btig mhghm
mhghmnr
nr i Onsum
Onsumrbsth
rbsth..
934

Anmmbhgns
]ni iprngjbz5 imhstÿfdrnsn i vnr ais mhsis jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai
htri pnrshgi.
Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir phr quâ primtbmir ugi gunvi `idbabjij punjn pirnmnr irtbmbia ia prbgmbpbh y phr quâ
nsti prémtbmi gh ns kiasi.
Hdontbvh D? Jir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun jndnfhs vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi y jhs fignris
4: jn vnrah.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 9 i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
Hdontbvh J? Tnsufbr mýfh ns qun nsmum`ir ghs pnrfbtn vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htrhs y ahs prnpiri i naahs
piri vnr gunstrh pugth jn vbsti.
]ni mhfprngsbvh5 nvbtn mrbtbmir, ouzcir y ircufngtir. Bgtngtn mhfprngjnr.
4> Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir iacugis rizhgns piri nvbtir ai mrætbmi y ugi fignri jn nvbtirai.
Hdontbvh D? Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 4 i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
]ni ifbcidan5 mhrtâs, ifidan y dhgjijhsh. Auzmi ugi shgrbsi gh ug
mnùh krugmbjh.
Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir rizhgns piri snr ifbcidan.
4; Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir iacugis fignris jn snr ifbcidan ng su muaturi.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir ai ifbstij i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
Hdontbvh J? Nxpabmir ai rnaimbýg ngtrn na chzh y ai ifbstij, n baustrirai.
]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan.
Hdontbvh I? Bgjbmir iacugis rizhgns piri snr mhgidan y iacugis fignris jn snrah.
43 Hdontbvh D? Baustrir ai mhgidbabjij i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.

]ni iprngjbz5 imhstÿfdrnsn i vnr ais mhsis jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai

htri pnrshgi.
Anmmbýg
Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir phr quâ primtbmir ugi gunvi `idbabjij punjn pirnmnr irtbmbia ia prbgmbpbh y phr quâ
nsti prémtbmi gh ns kiasi.
4: Hdontbvh D? Jir jhs rizhgns phr ais qun jndnfhs vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi y jhs
fignris jn vnrah.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 9 i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
Hdontbvh J? Tnsufbr mýfh ns qun nsmum`ir ghs pnrfbtn vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htrhs y ahs prnpiri i
naahs piri vnr gunstrh pugth jn vbsti.

Bgtrhjummbýg. \unsth qun ais `idbabjijns piri rnaimbhgirsn mhg ais pnrshgis shg tig \: ¸\hr quâ ns

bfphrtigtns, ustnj phjræi pngsir qun `iy fum`hs abdrhs y maisns shdrn ais rnaimbhgns. shrprngjngtn ngmhgtrir tig
phmhs murshs y anmmbhgns
Zhjhs gnmnsbtifhs aanvirghs dbng mhg ahs jnfés. ^stnj nspnriræi ngmhgtrir ug mursh imnrmi jn ais rnaimbhgns8
shdrn jbm`h tnfi ng thjis ais nsmunais pÿdabmis, ng thjhs ahs snfbgirbhs dædabmhs y ng
miji ugbvnrsbjij. \nrh aifngtidanfngtn, sb dbng nstujbifhs fum`hs tnfis ng gunstri
njumimbýg, ¡ns rirh ngmhgtrir, iugqun sni ugis muigtis anmmbhgns shdrn mýfh aanvirsn
dbng mhg ais pnrshgis! ¸Iacugi vnz `i nsmum`ijh ugi snrbn jn snrfhgns shdrn mýfh
aanvirsn dbng mhg ai cngtn8
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, phr kivhr rnmhghzmi nsti vnrjij. Ais rnaimbhgns shg na kimthr fés \> ¸Muéa ns na tnfi
fés bfphrtigtn qun jndn
bfphrtigtn jn su vbji shdrn ai tbnrri y fés iaaé jn ai tufdi. Ais anmmbhgns fés viabhsis
iprngjnr dbng ug aæjnr8
qun ustnj punjn iprngjnr shg imnrmi jn ais rnaimbhgns. Ai khrfi mhfh ustnj sn rnaimbhgn ¸\hr quâ8
mhg Jbhs y mhg ais pnrshgis jntnrfbgi sb tbngn âxbth h sb krimisi mhfh aæjnr.
 \; ¸Ais pnrshgis
Ais anmmbhgns 4: i =4 mhgtbngng gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri qun ahs aæjnrns mhgstruyig y ah sncubrég sb ustnj gh ans
figtngcig ais rnaimbhgns mhg ais pnrshgis (curi ;.9). Yunrnfhs qun ustnj mhfbngmn custi8 Nxpabqun.
i primtbmir nsths prbgmbpbhs i`hri y mhgtbgÿn primtbmégjhahs phr na rnsth jn su vbji. \3 ¸Muégti bgungmbi
]b ustnj gh ans icriji i ais pnrshgis, nstis gh ah sncubrég. ^stnj jndn iprngjnr ais tbngn miji aæjnr8

93=

93: Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

`idbabjijns jn mýfh rnaimbhgirsn dbng mhg ais pnrshgis. Ngthgmns jbskrutirég jn nstir
mhg ustnj. Na crijh jn bgungmbi
bgungmbi jn miji aæjnr jnpngjn jn ais
ais rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns qun tngci.
tngci.
\0 ¸\hr quâ ns Mhfbngmn i primtbmir nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs shdrn ais rnaimbhgns i`hri i fnjbji
bfphrtigtn qun ustnj
qun ahs nstujbi. \iri abjnrir fiùigi `iy qun iprngjnr i rnaimbhgirsn dbng `hy. \rimtbqun
primtbqun
primtb qun aais
is gun
gunvn
vn
`idbabjijns jn ais nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs fbngtris jbrbcn ug nstujbh dædabmh ng misi igtns jn bgtngtir abjnrir
rnaimbhgns ng ais anmmbhgns ugi mhgcrncimbýg. Nsti phjræi mhgvnrtbrsn ng ai mhgcrncimbýg qun ustnj abjnri. \rimtbqun
4: i =4 i`hri8 nsths prbgmbpbhs fbngtris sn rnaimbhgi mhg ahs aæjnrns jbstrbtians y snmmbhgians ng na aucir
jhgjn nspnri
primtbmir pisthrnirjny abjnrizch
ahs prbgmbpbhs abjnrir. Ngmungtrn ugijbi.
fbngtris nstu gnmnsbjij
nstujbi. y rnsuâaviai
\rncÿgtnans jhgjn
i su ppisthr,
isthr, punji
prnsdætnrh
y aæjnrns jýgjn ans custiræi i naahs qun ustnj sbrvbnri. ]ni bgtngmbhgia ng mhgstrubr
rnaimbhgns mhg ahs aæjnrns qun nstirég shdrn ustnj. Gh imtÿn shah mhfh ugi idnoi
i dnoi qun dusmi
ugi hr. [iyi
[iyi i nvngths y rnugbhgns ijhgjn isbstig ais bcansbis y ahs aæjnrns. Ais rnaimbhgns
qun mhgstruyi `hy punjng idrbr ai punrti jna aucir jhgjn ustnj snrvbré fiùigi.
\2 ¸Mýfh punjng ^sn nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr ug pungtn `imbi su kuturh fbgbstnrbh mhg
nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs shdrn
sus aæjnrns, mhg ahs kuturhs fbnfdrhs jn su mhgcrncimbýg y mhg ahs mrnyngtns. \rimtbqun
ais rnaimbhgns iyujiran i
ustnj i`hri8 i`hri ais `idbabjijns qun jndn nonrmnr fiùigi mhfh aæjnr. Bjngtbqun ug aucir jhgjn
gh `iyi ugi bcansbi y tritn jn ngmhgtrir y cigir ugi kifbabi qun an iyujn i paigtir ugi
mhgcrncimbýg. Ngsâùnans mégtbmhs h `bsthrbis dædabmis i ahs gbùhs. \aignn ugi mruziji, ug
snfbgirbh h ug nvngth piri gbùhs. Mhgstruyi ugi rnaimbýg mhg iacubng qun qubnri paigtir
ugi gunvi mhgcrncimbýg.
\ 9< ¸Ng quâ trns Ng ais anmmbhgns 4: i =4 nstujbifhs gunvn prbgmbpbhs shdrn rnaimbhgirsn mhg ahs
aucirns sn dngnmbirég ais
pnrshgis ia primtbmir
primtbmir nsths jnfés. Yubzés
ai Dbdabi, ustnj
h dbng, yi mhghzmi
ahs `iyi fum`hs
vbsth ng ugh jnjnsus
nsths prbgmbpbhs.
pijrns, \unjn qun
ng ug finstrh ahsaæjnr
h ug `iyiprimtbmir
vbsth ng
gunvn prbgmbpbhs shdrn
ais rnaimbhgns8 iacughs jn nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs. ]bg nfdirch, thjhs phjnfhs fnohrir gunstris
`idbabjijns ia primtbmirahs. Ai miabjij jn ais rnaimbhgns fnohri ng na `hcir, ngtrn ifbchs
y mhg ahs nxtriùhs, i fnjbji qun primtbmifhs nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs.
\ 99 ¸\hr quâ i fngujh Crig pirtn jn gunstrh mhfphrtifbngth ns bfprnvbsth y nsphgtégnh. ]bfpanfngtn,
sn sbngtn nxtriùh muigjh `idaifhs y imtuifhs jn ai fignri ng qun ah `imnfhs sbg pngsir ng naah naah.. Muigjh
ais pnrshgis primtbmig ugi
gunvi `idbabjij8
mhfngzifhs i paigbmir y i pngsir ng gunstris piaidris y immbhgns, phjræifhs sngtbrghs
kiashs, ngciùhshs h `bpýmrbtis. Zians sngtbfbngths shg ghrfians ia primtbmir muiaqubnr
`idbabjij gunvi. \nrh gh ns kiash primtbmir ug prbgmbpbh mhfh fhstrir iprnmbh, sb ustnj
\ 94 ¸Mýfh phjnfhs
rniafngtn ah sbngtn. R gh ns `bphmrnsæi pngsir jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi
nvbtir snr kiashs h `bpýmrbtis
ia primtbmir ahs prbgmbpbhs jn sb su fhtbvh ns iyujirai. Tnmunrjn qun ahs sngtbfbngths mhrrnmths aancig jnspuâs jn ais
ais rnaimbhgns8 immbhgns mhrrnmti
mhrrnmtiss. Tnmunrjn qun, i fnjbji qun primtbmi gunvhs prbgmbpbhs mhrrnmths,
nstis gunvis `idbabjijns prhgth sn sngtbrég ghrfians. \hr nonfpah, sb ustnj primtbmi
nsmum`ir i pnsir jn nstir imhstufdrijh i mhgtrhair misb thji ai mhgvnrsimbýg, punjn
sngtbrsn kiash ia prbgmbpbh. Nsth sn jndn i qun nsté imhstufdrijh i nsmum`irsn `idaigjh
ai fiyhr pirtn jna tbnfph. I fnjbji qun ustnj mhgtbgÿi sbngjh fés sidbh y nsmum`igjh
fés, prhgth sn sngtbré dbng phrqun nsh ns ah mhrrnmth. Ahs fnohrns zipiths gunvhs sn
sbngtng nxtriùhs ia prbgmbpbh, `isti qun sn imhstufdrn i usirahs.
\ 9= ¸Muéa ns ai maivn Nsmhoi ugh jn nsths prbgmbpbhs y tridion shdrn nstn phr ugi snfigi. Aunch pisn
piri aanvir miji prbgmbpbh
prbgmbpbh
ia sbcubngtn. Miji iùh, rnpisn nsths prbgmbpbhs y jnjbqun ugi snfigi piri primtbmir
jnsjn ai midnzi `isti
na mhrizýg8 miji ugh. ]b primtbmi nsths prbgmbpbhs dædabmhs, iufngtirég su knabmbjij, prhjumtbvbjij n
bgungmbi ng na rnbgh jn Jbhs.
\ 9: ¸Muéa jn nsths gunvn prbgmbpbhs `i primtbmijh8

Mipætuah Anmmbhgns \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns

4: 9. ]ni iprngjbz5 imhstÿfdrnsn i vnr ais mhsis jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi.
4> 4. ]ni mhfprngsbvh5 nvbtn mrbtbmir, ouzcir y jbsmutbr.
;
4; =. ]ni ifbcidan, mhrtâs, ifidan y dhgjijhsh. Auzmi ugi shgrbsi gh ug mnùh krugmbjh.
43 :. ]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan.
Kbcuri ;.4 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 93>

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Mipætuah Anmmbhgns \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns
40 >. ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
42 ;. ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn sus kifbabis.
3 =< 3. ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri ;.4 Ahs gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4).

I. pugth
\rbgmbpbh 9? ]nijniprngjbz5 imhstÿfd
imhstÿfdrnsnrnsn i vnr ais mhsis jnsjn na \ 9>
nonfpah jn¸Muéa
`idairnsimnrmi
ug
jn vbsti ai htri pnrshgi.
jn ah qun ans bgtnrnsi i
Nsmum`n. ]ni ug dung hyngtn. @idan imnrmi jn ah qun an bgtnrnsi i ai htri pnrshgi. ahs jnfés8
Nsmum`n y igbfn i ai htri pnrshgi i thfir ugi ousti pirtbmbpimbýg ng ai mhgvnrsimbýg. Gh
sn iprnsurn i cubir i ais pnrshgis. Z
Zhfn
hfn tbnfph piri mhghmnr y mhfprngjnr sus `bsthrbis,
sus rnaimbhgns, sus pngsifbngths y sus sngtbfbngths. Ifn y viahrn i ais pnrshgis i ais
qun qubnrn abjnrir. @idbtÿnsn i vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn sus hohs. [ni ah qun naahs vng.
]bngti ah qun naahs sbngtng. [iahrn ais mhsis dungis qun naahs viahrig. [nr ai vbji i trivâs
jn ahs hohs jn htrhs ngrbqunmnré su vbji.
Nxpabmimbhgns? Htris pnrshgis punjng nstir pirmbiafngtn nqubvhmijis, pnrh
pbngsig qun nstég mhfpantifngtn ng ah mhrrnmth. Ns thgth, ngthgmns, rbjbmuabzirahs,
fnghsprnmbirahs h mhgjngirahs. ]bnfprn `iy mhsis qun phjnfhs iprngjnr jn ahs qun
mhghmnfhs. Ahs gnmbhs funstrig su jnsprnmbh phr ais hpbgbhgns y ais bjnis jn ahs jnfés.
\nrh ahs sidbhs dusmig mhfprngjnr i ais pnrshgis. Ai `idbabjij fés bfphrtigtn qun
sn
Ngjndn iprngjnr
muiaqubnr ng ahs
rnaimbýg, mipætuahsghs
shaifngtn ; ymhgnmtifhs
3 ns vnr aismhg
mhsis i trivâs
htrhs jnngtngjnfhs
muigjh ahs hohs jn htrhs.
mýfh
ns ai vbji jnsjn su pugth jn vbsti.
]idbh jbmn? ‑Mifbgn ia fnghs ug ebaýfntrh ng ahs zipiths jn ai htri pnrshgi igtns
jn hkrnmnran iacÿg mhgsnoh‖. (Iacughs iùijng mhg `ufhr, mhfh ug m`bstn, qun sb ustnj
sbcun na mhgsnoh jn ]idbh gh shah sn `idré ianoijh ug ebaýfntrh jna junùh jn ahs zipiths,
sbgh qun sn qunjiré mhg naahs). 4
\ 9; ¸Muéa ns na pish désbmh piri rnaimbhgirsn mhg ais pnrshgis8
93; Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

\iri abjnrir i ais pnrshgis, ustnj jndn viahrirais ah sumbngtn mhfh piri jnsmudrbr
sus hpbgbhgns y sus sngtbfbngths. \bngsn ng ustnj fbsfh. ¸Yuâ tigth an bgtnrnsig sus
prhpbis prnhmupimbhgns8 ¸Muégth an bfphrtig shah sus mrnngmbis y ah qun i ustnj an
sumnjn8 I`hri fbrn i iacubng qun nstâ mnrmi jn ustnj. Jnsn mungti jn qun nsti pnrshgi
sbngtn ah fbsfh imnrmi jn sus prhpbhs pugths jn vbsti qun ustnj sbngtn jn ahs suyhs.
Iug igtns jn mhfprngjnr ais hpbgbhgns jn ahs jnfés, ustnj jndn hptir phr rnspntirais
y viahrirais. Igtns jn qun na ipýstha \idah bguynri ng ahs mbujijighs jn Itngis, âa
mhfprngjbý qun naahs tngæig ugi pnrspnmtbvi jbknrngtn shdrn ai vbji y sn prnhmupý ah
sumbngtn phr naahs mhfh piri jnsmudrbr ah qun mrnæig (@m` 93). ]u ifhr y prnhmupimbýg
phr su pugth jn vbsti kun ug pish désbmh
désbmh piri rnaimbhgirsn mhg naahs. Ais pnrshgis
pnrshgis gh ah
sncubrég i ustnj `isti qun gh `iyig mifbgijh mhg ustnj.
\ 93 ¸Muéa ns ug Na sbcub
sbcubngtn
ngtn pish piri bgubr ng ais pnrshgis ns mhfprngjnr sus pnrspnmtbvis.
sncugjh pish piri \iri abjnrir i ais pnrshgis, prbfnrh jndnfhs jnsmudrbr muéa ns su pugth jn vbsti.
rnaimbhgirghs mhg ais
pnrshgis n bgungmbirais8
Aunch, jndnfhs jnsmudrbr phr quâ tbngng nstn pugth jn vbsti. Nxbstng rizhgns phr
¸\hr quâ8 ais qun htrhs mrnng, pbngsig, sbngtng
s bngtng y imtÿig jn ai fignri ng qun ah `imng.
`imng . Jnsmudri
nstis rizhgns y tngjré ai maivn piri mhfprngjnr y iyujir i ai cngtn jn ugi fignri
mhrrnmti. ¸@iy ugi pnrshgi qun pirnmn jnsigbfiji8 Jnsmudri ai miusi. ¸Iacubng
\ 90 ¸Yuâ jnsmudrbý
\idah muigjh sn thfý
qun nsté sbg Mrbsth pbngsi qun bré ia mbnah8 Jnsmudri phr quâ q uâ nsti pnrshgi mrnn nsth.
na tbnfph jn nsmum`ir i ¸@iy ugi pnrshgi qun ns crhsnri mhg ustnj8 Jnsmudri ai rizýg rizýg.. ¸Iacubng shdrnsian
ais pnrshgis jn Itngis y ng érnis ng ais qun ustnj jnsniræi fnohrir8 Jnsmudri mýfh sn vn ai vbji i trivâs
iprngjnr imnrmi jn naais8 jn ahs hohs jn nsti pnrshgi. ¸@iy qubng pbngsi qun ustnj nsté nqubvhmijh8 Zhfn
ug tbnfph piri nsmum`ir dbng ais rizhgns phr ais qun nsti pnrshgi gh imnpti su
pugth jn vbsti
vbsti.. \idah sn thfý na tbnf
tbnfph
ph piri vnr ai vbji i triv
trivâs
âs jn ahs hohs jn ahs
`idbtigtns jn Itngis. Jnsmudrbý qun naahs mrnæig ng na Jbhs gh mhghm mhghmbjh
bjh (@m` 93).
Aunch ia mifbgir mhg naahs, ia vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn sus hohs, âa pujh aanvir i
iacughs `imbi Onsÿs. Jndnfhs mifbgir mhg ai cngtn, mhfprngjbngjh sus mrnngmbis
y viahrns, igtns jn phjnr cubirai. Jndnfhs br ia pish jn ais pnrshgis piri tngnr
bgungmbi shdrn naais.
]idbh jbmn? ‑Ahs qun vng ai vbji shaifngtn jnsjn su pugth jn vbsti shg fnjbh mbnchs.
Gunstri vbsbýg, sidbjuræi
sidbjuræi n bgungmbi iufngtig i fnjbji qun iprngjnfhs i vnr ai vbji
i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htrhs‖.
\iri qun Onsÿs pujbnri vnr ais mhsis jnsjn gunstrh pugth jn vbsti, ‑iquna [nrdh
kun `nm`h mirgn, y `idbtý ngtrn ghshtrhs‖ (Og 9?9:). Onsÿs pisý trnbgti iùhs shdrn ai
tbnrri igtns jn mhfngzir su fbgbstnrbh, vbngjh ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn ahs snrns
`ufighs. Âa iprngjbý ah qun sbcgbmidi hdnjnmnr i ahs pijrns. Jnsmudrbý ah qun sn
\ 92 ¸Yuâ `bzh Jbhs
piri vnr y mhfprngjnr
mhfprngjnr
sngtæi tridioir thjh na jæi ng ug tiaanr jn mirpbgtnræi. Nxpnrbfngtý na shgbjh jn ai vhz jn
mhfpantifngtn gunstrh pugth ug mabngtn nghoijh. Igjuvh phr ahs fbsfhs mifbghs jn iqunaahs i ahs qun Âa jnsnidi
jn vbsti8 siavir. Mhfbý ahs fbsfhs iabfngths. Nstuvh ng ahs fbsfhs njbmbhs. ]n ngkrngtý i ais
\ 4< ¸]ncubræifhs i fbsfis tngtimbhgns
vnr ai vbji (@ndpugth
jnsjn gunstrh :?9>).jn\hr trnbgti
vbsti. y trns iùhs
Nxpnrbfngtý Onsÿs sn
`ifdrn, thfýshanjij,
jhahr, na tbnfph piri
rnm`izh,
Onsÿs sb Âa gh `udbnri vbsth gb
mhfprngjbjh gunstrh pugth pngi, trbstnzi y `isti ai funrtn. \unsth qun Âa vbh y sbgtbý ai vbji jnsjn guns
gunstrh
trh pugth jn
jn vbsti8 Nxpabqun. vbsti, phjnfhs rnaimbhgirghs mhg Âa y Âa punjn rnaimbhgirsn mhg ghshtrhs. Âa ns gunstrh
]ufh ]imnrjhtn phrqu
phrqunn sbngtn ah qun ghshtrhs sngtbfhs. Âa mifbgý ng gunstrhs zipiths.
Ah ififhs y ah sncubfhs, sidbngjh qun Âa sn mhgfunvn mhg na sngtbfbngth jn gunstris
jndbabjijns (@nd :?9>).
Na ipýstha \idah ns ug crig nonfpah jn iprngjnr i vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn
ahs jnfés. Gh pnrjbý su tbnfph sbfpanfngtn rnsufbngjh su pugth jn vbsti. Fés dbng,
\ 49 ¸Muéans shg
bdi ia pish jn iqunaahs i qubngns jnsnidi cubir. Âa prbfnrh viahrý y mhfprngmhfprngjbý
jbý ais
iacughs nonfpahs jn mýfh hpbgbhgns jn ahs jnfés.
jnfés. Aunch, ngkrngtigjh ai vbji mhg naahs jnsjn su aijh jn ai fnsi,
\idah primtbmý vnr ai vbji i angtifngtn mhfngzý i cubirahs `imbi na rnbgh jn Jbhs. Tnmunrjn na tnstbfhgbh jn ug
trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htrhs8 mifpnýg jna prbgmbpbh 9?

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 933

92
‑\hr ah muia, sbngjh abdrn jn thjhs, fn `n `nm`h sbnrvh jn thjhs piri cigir i
fiyhr gÿfnrh. 4< Fn `n `nm`h i ahs oujæhs mhfh oujæh, piri cigir i ahs oujæhs5
i ahs qun nstég suonths i ai any (iugqun yh gh nstâ suonth i ai any) mhfh suonth i
 ai any, piri cigir i ahs qun nstég suonths i ai any5
49
i ahs qun nstég sbg any, mhfh sb yh nstuvbnri sbg any (gh nstigjh yh sbg any jn
Jbhs, sbgh dioh ai any jn Mrbsth), piri cigir i ahs qun nstég sbg any. 44 Fn `n
`nm`h jâdba i ahs jâdbans, piri cigir i ahs jâdbans5 i thjhs fn `n `nm`h jn thjh,
piri qun jn thjhs fhjhs
fhjhs siavn i iacughs.
4= R nsth `ich phr miusi jna nvigcnabh, piri `imnrfn mhpirtæmbpn jn âa‖

2?92-4=).
(9 Mh 2?92-4=).

vnr Aæjnr
ai vbjinspbrbtuia
i trivâs, jn
na ahs
prbgmbpbh
hohs jnfés bfphrtigtn
ais pnrshgis piri rnaimbhgirsn
i qubngns dbng \rimtbqun
qubnrn abjnrir. ns iprngjnr
nstni
prbgmbpbh y ustnj nstiré
nstiré ng mifbgh i mhgvnrtbrsn ng ug aæjnr krumtæknrh.
krumtæknrh.
\ýgcisn ng ahs zipiths jn ai htri pnrshgi. \rncÿgtnan ia ]nùhr? ‑]b yh kunri ai htri \ 44 ¸Muéans shg
iacugis jn ais fignris jn
pnrshgi, ¸Mýfh vnræi ais mhsis8 ¸I quâ iuthrbjijns fn shfntnræi8 ¸Mýfh fn sngtbræi
vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htri
mifbgigjh ng sus zipiths8 ¸Yuâ nfhmbhgns y aniatijns fhajniræig fbs jnmbsbhgns8 ¸Yuâ pnrshgi8 Nxpabqun miji
miji ugi.
viahrns iprnmbiræi ng fb mhrizýg8 ¸Yuâ jnsikæhs tngjræi qun ngkrngtir8 Ia mhgsbjnrir
nstis prncugtis, nvbtiré jnspnrjbmbir su tbnfph, sngtbrsn krustrijh y sn phgjré ng sbgthgæi
mhg ai pnrshgi i qubng Jbhs ah `i cubijh.
Jnfunstrn qun mhgsbjnri qun ahs sngtbfbngths n bjnis jn ai htri pnrshgi shg tig
Jnfunstrn \ 4= ¸Mýfh punjn
ustnj mhgvngmnr i iacubng jn
bfphrtigtns mhfh ahs suyhs. \râstnans itngmbýg muigjh âa h naai `idaig. @écians
qun viahri y mhfprngjn su
prncugtis imnrmi jn sus bjnis. Isbngtn mhg su midnzi muigjh mhfprngji. ]ni mhrtâs. pugth jn vbsti8
Jnfunstrnn rnspnth y sbf
Jnfunstr sbfpitæi
pitæi phr sus pugths jn vbsti.
D. [ni na prbgmbpbh 9 ng ai Dbdabi.
Zýfnsn ughs fbguths piri mhfpantir ai curi ;.:. Nsth an pnrfbtbré primtbmir ai
nviauimbýg jn ais pnrshgis qun ahcrirhg vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi y jn ais
qun krimisirhg.
\ 4: Mhfpantn ai curi ;.: mhg ais rnspunstis i ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions
dædabmhs shdrn na prbgmbpbh 9.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis

¸\hr quâ nstidig fhansths ahs `hfdrns jn ai
Oun 3?44”0?= trbdu jn Nkriæg8 ¸Mýfh jnfhstrý Cnjnýg
su sidbjuræi ia rnsphgjnrans8
¸Yuâ `bzh ]iahfýg igtns jn hkrnmnr
9 T =?9;-40 ugi shaumbýg8
Na mngturbýg jbsmnrgbý mýfh nri ai vbji
i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn Onsÿs. ¸Yuâ
Ft 0?>-9< pnrmnpmbýg an iyujý i nstn shajijh i mrnnr
muigjh vbh ai vbji jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti
jn Mrbsth8

Am 94?9=-49 ¸Yuâ `bzh Onsÿs igtns jn jir su mhgsnoh8

¸Muéans shg iacugis fignris ng ais qun

Og 9?9: na @boh jn Jbhs vbh ai vbji i trivâs jn
gunstrhs hohs8
Ai fiyhræi jn ahs mrnyngtns ng Onrusiaâg nrig
oujæhs `ndribmhs. Ai vbji pirnmæi
pirnmæi dungi
@m` ;?9 i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn ugi vbuji `ndrni.
\nrh, ¸mýfh nri ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs
jn ugi vbuji crbnci jn ai mhgcrncimbýg8
Kbcuri ;.: Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

930 Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis
¸\hr quâ \idah y Dnrgidâ sn snpirirhg8
@m` 9>?=;-:9 ¸Muéa jn naahs vnæi i trivâs jn ahs hohs
jn Firmhs8

@m` 9;?9-
9;?9-:
: ¸\hr
¸\hr quâ \idah
\idah `bzh
`bzh mb
mbrmu
rmugmb
gmbjir
jir i Zbfh
Zbfhtnh
tnh8
8
 ¸Mýfh sn vnæi na mrbstbigbsfh i trivâs
jn ahs hohs jn ahs mrnyngtns oujæhs ng
Onrusiaâg8 ¸Yuâ rnaimbýg vnæig nsths
mrnyngtns oujæhs ngtrn Fhbsâs y Onsÿs8
@m` 49?93-4>
Na fbgbstnrbh jn \idah kun piri ahs
cngtbans. \nrh ng Onrusiaâg, ¸quâ `bzh
\idah piri rnaimbhgirsn mhg ahs qun
vnæig na mrbstbigbsfh mhg hohs oujæhs8
¸Muéans shg iacugis jn ais fignris
ng qun \idah primtbmý vnr ai vbji i
9 Mh 2?92-4=
trivâs jn ahs hohs jn iqunaahs i ahs qun
qunræi abjnrir8
Kbcuri ;.: \rimtbqun jnsmudrbngjh na prbgmbpbh 9? vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htrhs.
\ 4> ¸Yuâ jnsmudrn ustnj muigjh vn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi8

Kbcuri ;.>
Ahs qun iprngjng i vnr na pugth
jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi ¡`imng
jnsmudrbfbngths ishfdrhshs!
Iacughs sn jig mungti jn qun na pugth
jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi ns tig
mhrrnmth mhfh na suyh. \hr ah fnghs,
naahs iprngjng ais rizhgns phr ais
muians ais pnrshgis mrnng, pbngsig,
imtÿig y sbngtng jn mbnrtis fignris.

M. [ni na prbgmbpbh 9 ng ai vbji jn htrhs `hy.

Kbcuri ;.; Cunrrnrhs fiséb i ai bzqubnrji y fuonrns i ai jnrnm`i.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 932

\ 4; ¸Mýfh bguyý vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htrhs ng ugi jnmbsbýg imnrmi jn ai phabcifbi8
^g nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh 9
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Jurigtn ug phjnrhsh ivbvifbngth ngtrn ai trbdu fiséb.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng Engbi, Ékrbmi Hrbngtia.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 Iacughs fbsbhgnrhs y aæjnrns jn ugi mhgcrncimbýg fiséb.
¸Yuâ hmurrbý8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi) Igtns jn aancir i Mrbsth, iacughs virhgns fiséb tngæig virbis
nsphsis. Ngthgmns na nvigcnabh aancý i su iajni. Mhg na tbnfph, fum`hs fisébs imnptirhg i Mrbsth y
mhfngzirhg i sncubr ais ngsnùigzis jn Onsÿs. \rhgth sn jbnrhg mungti jn qun na paig jn Jbhs nri
qun ug `hfdrn tuvbnri shaifngtn ugi nsphsi. Ahs igmbighs y ahs fbsbhgnrhs jbsmutbnrhg na tnfi?
‑¸Yuâ jndn `imnr ug fiséb mrbstbigh sb tbngn fés jn ugi nsphsi ia aancir i Mrbsth8‖. Ia prbgmbpbh,
iacughs fbsbhgnrhs pngsirhg qun na nsphsh fiséb jndæi qunjirsn mhg ugi shai nsphsi y jnspnjbr i
ais htris mhg sus `bohs. Aunch thjhs mhfngzirhg i pngsir mýfh snræi ai vbji piri ugi nsphsi ia snr
jnspnjbji mhg sus piri
`bohs gb prhvnynri gbùhs.naahs.
Gh tngjræi bgcrnshs,ikrbmigi,
Ng ai shmbnjij gb misi, snræi
gb nsphsh, gb gbgcÿg pijrn
misb bfphsbdan pqun
ijrn
naaiqunmhgsbcubnri
ifiri i sus
ug
tridioh h ug gunvh nsphsh. Ai prhstbtumbýg snræi ai ÿgbmi khrfi ng qun phjræi shstngnrsn naai y i sus
`bohs. Jnspuâs jn fum`i jbsmusbýg, na cruph jnmbjbý qun snræi ug nrrhr jnspnjbr i ais nsphsis mhg
sus `bohs. Ngthgmns jnmbjbnrhg qun na nsphsh jndæi mhgtbguir mubjigjh i thjis sus nsphsis y i sus
`bohs jna pisijh. \nrh i pirtbr jn nsn fhfngth ans ngsnùiræig i sus `bohs y i htrhs qun na paig jn
Jbhs nri qun shah ug nsphsh y ugi nsphsi vbvbnrig ougths y khrfirig ugi kifbabi.
Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 9. Mhfh rnsuatijh jn pngsir jnsjn na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri
pnrshgi, na mrbstbigbsfh figtuvh ug dung prnstbcbh. Zhjis ais nsphsis y ahs gbùhs fisébs jna pundah
imnptirhg i Mrbsth. Ahs fisébs mrnmbnrhg ng ai crimbi c rimbi y ng na mhghmbfbngth jn Mrbsth. @hy, na
ivbvifbngth mhgtbgÿi y ai prémtbmi jn ai phabcifbi nsté jnsipirnmbngjh ngtrn naahs.
Kbcuri ;.3 Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh 9 ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
J. ]ni ug dung hyngtn5 igbfn i ai htri pnrshgi i thfir ugi ousti
pirtbmbpimbýg ng ai mhgvnrsimbýg.
Nsmum`ir ns ugi jn ais prbgmbpians fignris jn iprngjnr i vnr i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn
ahs jnfés. Iprngjnr i nsmum`ir ns bfphrtigtn ia fnghs phr muitrh rizhgns.
Muigjh ]iahfýg nsmum`ý i jhs fuonrns `idair shdrn ug prhdanfi, Jbhs an jbh
sidbjuræi (9 T =?4>). Onsÿs nsmum`ý ai pntbmbýg jn ai fijrn jn Oimhdh y Ouig. Nsth an
pnrfbtbý cubir i ahs oývngns ipýsthans ng ai jbrnmmbýg mhrrnmti jn snrvbr, ng aucir jn \ 43 Tnsufi muitrh
snr snrvbjhs (Ft 4<?40). Nsmum`ir ns mhfh fbrir i trivâs jn ugi vngtigi jna iafi5 rizhgns phr ais muians ns
bfphrtigtn nsmum`ir.
ghs pnrfbtn fbrir ah qun `iy ng na bgtnrbhr jn ugi pnrshgi. Muigth fés nsmum`ifhs
i ugi pnrshgi, fés mhfprngjnfhs su pngsifbngth, sus ig`nahs, sus gnmnsbjijns y su \ 40 ¸Yuâ hmurrbý
muigjh ]iahfýg nsmum`ý i
mhgjbmbýg nspbrbtuia. Muigth fés sidbhs shfhs, fés nsmum`ifhs. ais jhs fuonrns `idair shdrn
Nsmum`n piri bgbmbir ugi rnaimbýg. Muigjh ustnj nsmum`i, ns mhfh thmir i ugi punrti ug prhdanfi8
y nspnrir qun nsti sn idri. Muigjh ugi pnrshgi an `idai, idrn ai punrti jn su mhrizýg y \ 42 ¸Mýfh ns qun
jn su vbji igtn ustnj. nsmum`ir ns mhfh thmir i
ugi punrti y nspnrir qun
Nsmum`n piri jnsirrhaair ugi rnaimbýg. ]b `idaifhs jnfisbijh, na rnsuatijh ns ugi sn idri8
rnaimbýg jâdba h jnsnqubabdriji. Ais rnaimbhgns sn jnsirrhaaig i fnjbji qun miji pnrshgi
mhfpirtn su mhrizýg.
Nsmum`n piri fnohrir ah qun ahs htrhs pbngsng jn ustnj. ¡Na fnohr hyngtn ns
ai pnrshgi fés iprnmbiji jna aucir! Muigjh ustnj nsmum`i, jnfunstri qun ifi y sn
bgtnrnsi ng ai htri pnrshgi. Muigth fés nsmum`n, fés sncuri sn sngtbré ai htri pnrshgi
jn idrbr su mhrizýg. I, D y M vbngng igtns jn P, R y _. ^gi aaifi jndn tbtbair igtns jn
irjnr drbaaigtnfngtn. \iri qun snifhs mhgidans ng mhsis prhkugjis, prbfnrh jndnfhs
snr nans ng mhsis supnrmbians.
Nsmum`n piri iufngtir su hphrtugbjij jn bgungmbir y abjnrir. Nsmum`ir ah `imn
i ustnj pirnmnr sidbh y mhfpisbvh. Ia nsmum`ir, ans isncuri i ais pnrshgis qun punjng

90< Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

mhgir ng ustnj. Idrn ai punrti i rnaimbhgns fés prhkugjis y sn cigi na prbvbancbh jn

snr nsmum`ijh.
\ =< ¸Mýfh ns qun Nsmum`n piri mhfprngjnr na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi. ¸Yubâg jn
nsmum`ir ghs prnpiri piri
ghshtrhs punjn vnr jngtrh jn ai fngtn h jna mhrizýg jn htri pnrshgi8 \nrh i fnjbji qun
`idair piaidris sidbis
jnspuâs jn qun sn idrn nsmum`ifhs, phjnfhs jnsmudrbr ahs pngsifbngths y ah sngtbfbngths hmuaths jn iqunaahs
ugi punrti8 i ahs qun Jbhs ghs `i aaifijh i abjnrir. [nr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htri pnrshgi
idrn ugi punrti `imbi na pngsifbngth jn naai. ¸Ns sidbh hkrnmnran i iacubng ugi shaumbýg
igtns jn nsmum`ir na prhdanfi8 Na fngsion jndn mhbgmbjbr mhg na hyngtn. Isæ mhfh
\ =9 ¸Muéa jn ahs jbnz
`iy rhpi piri aucirns méabjhs y kræhs, `iy vnstbjhs piri pnrshgis crigjns y pnqunùis.
figjifbngths jn nsmum`ir
hdnjnmn ustnj8 ¸Ng muéans Ahs sidbhs pnrshgiabzig sus piaidris. Na `nm`h jn nsmum`irahs ahs baufbgi piri `idair
gnmnsbti fnohrir8 piaidris mhgvngbngtns.
]æfdhah Jbnz figjifbngths piri na dung hyngtn

9. Cuirjn sbangmbh. Jnon jn `idair. ^stnj gh punjn nsmum`ir y `idair ia fbsfh tbnfph.

4. Funstrn bgtnrâs. Bgmaægnsn ug phmh `imbi na qun `idai. Tnaéonsn. ]ni méabjh y ifbcidan. ]hgræi ug phmh.

=. Nfpitbmn. \ýgcisn ng ahs zipiths jna qun `idai. Zritn jn sngtbr ah qun nstn sbngtn.
 :. [bsuiabmn. Zritn
Zritn jn vnr ah qun ai pnrshgi nsté mhgtigjh.

>. Ngkýqunsn. Nsmum`n rniafngtn. Nvbtn nstir paignigjh ah qun jbré jnspuâs.

;. Nstâ idbnrth i gunvis bjnis.

3. Gh bgtnrrufpi. Gh hkrnzmi shaumbhgns. \nrfbti sumbngtn tbnfph piri qun ai htri pnrshgi `idan.

0. Nvbtn na oubmbh. \rimtbqun na iuthmhgtrha. Gh pnrfbti qun sus nfhmbhgns ah jbstribcig h jbsthrsbhgng ah qun ai
htri pnrshgi jbmn.

2. \rnstn
piusis,itngmbýg i ai mhfugbmimbýg
mhfugbmimbýg gh vnrdia? ai phsbmbýg jna munrph, na thgh, nxprnsbhgns y nfhmbhgns,
piriabgcñæstbmi.

9<. @ici prncugtis piri vnrbmir su mhfprngsbýg5 muigjh na qun `idai, `ici ugi piusi.
Kbcuri ;.0 Ahs jbnz figjifbngths
figjifbngths piri nsmum`
nsmum`ir.
ir. Miji aæjnr jndn primtbmir nsths jbnz figjifbngths piri nsmum`ir
y ngsnùérsnahs i ahs qun ah sbcung. (\iri
(\ iri jhs anmmbhgns mhfpantis shdrn ai curi ;.0
vni na abdrh jn Kn y Immbýg ‑Mhfugbmimbhgns
‑ Mhfugbmimbhgns trigsmuaturians‖, anmmbhgns 92 y 4<).
\ =4 Mhfpantn ai curi ;.2, mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs
shdrn nsmum`ir.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis

¸I qubâg ghs pirnmnfhs muigjh nsmum`ifhs
Âx =?3-2
dbng8
¸Yuâ `bzh qun i ahs bsrinabtis ans custiri
4 ] 9>?9-; Idsiaýg y qun pngsirig qun âa sn prnhmupidi
phr naahs8
¸Yuâ rnvnai ugi pnrshgi muigjh ji rnspunstis
\r 90?9= y shaumbhgns igtns jn nsmum`ir dbng8
^stnj `i anæjh y mhfprngjbjh ais anmmbhgns shdrn
Ft 99?9>5
nsmum`ir. ¸\hr quâ Onsÿs ghs ngsnùi i tngnr
9=?9-9>
mubjijh jn ipabmir ai vnrjij qun rnmbdbfhs8
¸Ng quâ ghs jbmn ]igtbich qun snifhs tirjhs8
]tc 9?92
¸Ng quâ ghs jbmn qun jndnfhs snr prhgths8
Ip 4—= ¸Yuâ pnrshgis jndnræig usir sus hæjhs8
Kbcuri ;.2 \rimtbqun jnsmudrbngjh na prbgmbpbh 9 ng ais Nsmrbturis.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 909

Muigjh ghs fujifhs i ugi gunvi mbujij, hdsnrvâ qun fb vnmbgh Mirahs gh isbstæi
ia tnfpah. Mhfngmâ
ia ]iavijhr. i tritirshdrn
\rncugtégjhan jn mhgvnrtbrfn ng prhgth
sus bgtnrnsns, su ifbch mhg ai qun
jnsmudræ nspnrigzi jn cubirah
jbskrutidi fum`h
pnsmir. ]idæi qun fbngtris `idaidi jn pnsmi, angtifngtn fn idrbræi su mhrizýg. M Miji
iji \ == ¸Jn quâ fignri
snfigi, yh ah vbsbtidi y an pnjæi qun fn girriri sus igâmjhtis kivhrbtis shdrn ai pnsmi. ug mrbstbigh mhgjuoh i su
I fngujh ghs sngtédifhs ng su cirion, jhgjn tngæi iacugis khthcrikæis jn fuonrns vnmbgh Mirahs i Mrbsth8
sngsuians. Gugmi ah mrbtbquâ phr sus khthcrikæis. Fés dbng, sncuæ nsmum`égjhah y
prnstégjhan fum`i itngmbýg i sus `bsthrbis
`bsthrbis shdrn pnsmi. ]nfigi tris snfigi y fns tris
fns, mhgtbguâ vbsbtigjh i Mirahs, qubng gugmi sn migsidi jn `idair jn pnsmi. R yh gugmi
fn migsâ jn nsmum`irah. Jbskrutidi sus `bsthrbis5 pnrh ah qun fés jbskrutidi nri nstir
mhg Mirahs y vnr qun na ]nùhr an idræi su mhrizýg `imbi fæ. Muigth fés ah nsmum`idi,
fés fn iprnmbidi âa. I thjhs ghs custig ais pnrshgis qun ans prnstig itngmbýg i gunstris
`bsthrbis kivhrbtis. Hridi i fngujh phr na fhfngth prnmbsh ng qun jndæi `idairan jn
Mrbsth. Na tbnfph ijnmuijh ns bfphrtigtn. ]b mhfpirtbfhs na nvigcnabh igtns jn qun na
mhrizýg jn ai pnrshgi nstâ prnpirijh, ns mhfh snfdrir ugi snfbaai ng ug tnrrngh sbg
irir. Jnspuâs jn snbs fnsns, Mirahs y yh ghs mhgvnrtbfhs ng ifbchs mnrmighs. ^gi
tirjn, ah bgvbtâ i âa mhg su nsphsi i mngir. Mhahquâ ugi Dbdabi shdrn ugi fnsi mnrmi jna
shké jhgjn âa sn sngtý. Fbngtris mhgvnrsifhs, gugmi an fngmbhgâ ai Dbdabi. \nrh Mirahs
jboh? ‑[nh qun tbngn ugi Dbdabi‖. ‑H` sæ‖, an mhgtnstâ. ‑Ns fb abdrh kivhrbth. Yubzés i
ustnj y i su nsphsi ans custiræi vbsbtir gunstri bcansbi nstn jhfbgch‖. Mirahs nstuvh jn
imunrjh y nsn jhfbgch âa y su nsphsi rnmbdbnrhg i Mrbsth ng su vbji. Nsth hmurrbý `imn
fés jn vnbgtn iùhs, jn ahs muians, phr jbnmbgunvn sn `i jnsnfpnùijh mhfh jbémhgh jn
ai mhgcrncimbýg. Nsmum`ir ghs mipimbti piri vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htrhs y
prnpiri i htrhs piri vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn gunstrhs
gunstrhs hohs.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia
nspbrbtuia, iprngji i snr ug dung hyngtn. Ngthgmns mhgjuzmi i su cngtn i cubir \ =: ¸@iy pnrshgis i
 ais qun ustnj phjræi cubir i
i htrhs i Mrbsth, nsmum`égjhahs. I fngujh, gunstrh crijh jn bgungmbi jnpngjn jn
Mrbsth sb sn thfiri na tbnfph
ais rnaimbhgns qun tngcifhs. Nsmum`ir ngaizi ahs mhrizhgns. Iprngjnfhs i ifir i ais jn nsmum`irais8
pnrshgis i fnjbji qun ghs thfifhs na tbnfph piri nsmum`ir sus `bsthrbis. Muigjh ghs
bgtnrnsifhs sumbngtnfngtn ng nsmum`ir, ais pnrshgis ghs ifig phr bgtnrnsirghs ng
naais. Tnmunrjn, i ais pnrshgis gh ans bfphrti muégth sidn ustnj `isti qun jnsmudrng
muégth an bgtnrnsig naais i ustnj. Nsmum`ir prundi qun ghs bgtnrnsig.
\ => ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh 9 nsti snfigi. Igtns jn aancir i ai prýxbfi maisn,
mhgtnstn thjis ais prncugtis jn ai anmmbýg 4>, mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi ;.9< imnrmi jn su
fnohr nonfpah jn phgnr ng prémtbmi na prbgmbpbh 9.

Anmmbýg
]ni mhfprngsbvh5 nvbtn
n vbtn mrbtbmir, ouzcir y ircufngtir. Bgtngtn mhfprngjnr.
4> Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir iacugis rizhgns piri nvbtir ai mrætbmi y ugi fignri jn nvbtirai.
Hdontbvh D? Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 4 i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg 4:. Zhfn jn jbnz i qubgmn fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs
nstujbigtns mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh 9.
\ =; Mhfpantn ai curi ;.9< igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn
y qun miji ugh thfn jhs fbguths piri mhfpirtbr su `bsthrbi shdrn mýfh pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi
vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htrhs.

Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh 9 (jhs fbguths)

¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

Kbcuri ;.9< Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

904 Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh 9 (jhs fbguths)
fb guths)
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 9?

Kbcuri ;.9< \rémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh 9? vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs jn htrhs. (Mungtn su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths).
\ =3 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn na prbgmbpbh 9 piri thji ai maisn

\ =0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ =2 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri ;.99
;.99 Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fn
fnohrns
ohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 9.
Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg 4>? ]ni mhfprngsbvh5 nvbtn mrbtbmir, ouzcir y ircufngtir
ircufngtir..
\ :< Ng ai curi ;.94 nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9 y 4 piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns.
Mipætuah Anmmbhgns \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir ais rnaimbhgns
4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =. ]ni ifbcidan, mhrtâs, ifidan y dhgjijhsh. Auzmi ugi shgrbsi gh ug mnùh krugmbjh.
 43 :. ]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan.
40 >. ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
42 ;. ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn sus kifbabis.
3 =< 3. ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri ;.94 Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr
mhgstrubr y mhg
mhgsnrvir
snrvir ais rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4).
Onsÿs ghs fhstrý qun Jbhs ns angth piri mrbtbmir y répbjh piri mhfprngjnr.
mhfprngjnr. Fitnh
kun ug tribjhr igtns jn mhgvnrtbrsn ng ipýstha. Ani Fitnh 2?2-9=. Fitnh tribmbhgý i
su gimbýg y i sus `nrfighs. Isæ mhfh Oujis, na jbgnrh nri su prbgmbpia prnhmupimbýg.
\ :9 ¸Yuâ pngsidi
Fitnh tridioidi mhg na chdbnrgh rhfigh piri rnmiujir bfpunsths jn su prhpbh pundah,
Onsÿs imnrmi jn ahs ahs oujæhs. Zigth ahs oujæhs mhfh tifdbâg ahs rhfighs tngæig fum`is rizhgns piri
mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths mrbtbmir i Fitnh.
mhfh Fitnh8 ¸\hr quâ8
Ahs oujæhs mrbtbmidig y hjbidig i ahs rnmiujijhrns jn bfpunsths. Onsÿs jboh ugi vnz
qun sb ug mrbstbigh pnmidi y gh sn irrnpngtæi ¡ah tuvbnrig mhfh rnmiujijhr jn bfpunsths!
(Ft na
qun 90?93). I ahs
irristrn ahs
jnahohs jn ahs
vbngtrn jnoujæhs, ug mhdrijhr jn bfpunsths mhfh Fitnh nri fés dioh
ugi snrpbngtn.
Ahs oujæhs mrbtbmidig i ahs mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths phr jhs rizhgns. \rbfnri, phrqun
tridioidig piri na chdbnrgh rhfigh. Nstn kun na bfpnrbh qun mhgqubstý i ahs oujæhs. Ahs
oujæhs hjbidig i muiaqubnri qun iyujiri i ahs rhfighs i pnrsncubrahs. ]ncugji
]ncugji,, ahs
oujæhs hjbidig i ahs mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths phrqun gh nrig `hgnsths. Nsths aijrhgns,

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 90=

phr ah cngnria, mhdrid

mhdridig
ig fés bfpunsths jn ah gnmnsirbh. Ahs rhfighs oidoidigig ai migtbjij
jn ahs bfpunsths i picir
picir.. \nrh naahs pnrfbtæig qun ahs mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths mhdririg
fés jna fægbfh. Ai fijrn jn Fitnh prhdidanfngtn sngtæi vnrcñngzi jn ishmbirsn mhg
âa. Yubzés âa prnknræi usir na ghfdrn jn Fitnh ng vnz jn Anvæ, su ghfdrn oujæh, yi qun
ahs oujæhs ah jnsprnmbidig tigth.
Ahs rhfighs nstidig jbspunsths i usir i ug tribjhr mhfh Fitnh. ]bg nfdirch,
nrig sumbngtnfngtn bgtnabcngtns mhfh piri gh mhgir ng âa. ]idæig qun muiaqubnri
qun ans rhdiri i sus `nrfighs ngciùiræi i ahs nxtrigonrhs.
nxtrigon rhs. Gijbn mhgkæi ng ug tribjhr.
Fitnh gh tngæi ifbchs rhfighs. Âa nri na `hfdrn i qubng misb thjhs mrbtbmidig y
idhrrnmæig.
]hah ahs hohs ifhrhshs jn Jbhs phjæig vnr na phtngmbia ng ug `hfdrn mhfh Fitnh. \ :4 ¸Yuâ ns ah qun na
ifhr an pnrfbtbý vnr i Onsÿs
Gunstrh ]iavijhr tngæi crigjns paigns
paigns piri âa. Dioh na jnsprnstbcbh jn Fitnh, Onsÿs vbh
ng ug tribjhr mhfh Fitnh8
ug viahr hmuath. Mrbsth vbh ng nstn tribjhr i ug `hfdrn qun nsmrbdbræi na prbfnr nvigcnabh
jna Gunvh Znstifngth. Ng nstn `hfdrn ia qun thjhs mrbtbmidig y nvbtidig, Mrbsth vbh
i ug `hfdrn i qubng ais fisis ifiræig. Muigjh Onsÿs tnrfbgý su hdri ng Fitnh, ais
pnrshgis qun gugmi ah `idæig mhghmbjh ah ifiræig tigth qun ans phgjræig su ghfdrn i
sus `bohs, ng su `hghr.
^gi vnz nxbstbý ug kifhsh tiaaijhr jn fijnri. Âa phjæi thfir ug sbfpan érdha y
tiaairah mhg ai bficng jn ugi `nrfhsi pnrshgi. Iacubng an prncugtý mýfh ah `imæi. ‑Ns
kémba‖, mhgtnstý na tiaaijhr jn fijnri. ‑\rbfnrh, fbrh ai fijnri y jnsmudrh ai bficng
jn ai pnrshgi qun nsté ng nsti. Aunch, sbfpanfngtn nabfbgh thji ai fijnri qun nsté i su
iarnjnjhr piri qun ai pnrshgi punji snr abdrn‖.
Onsÿs vn dungis phsbdbabjijns ng ais pnrshgis i ais qun mrbtbmifhs, nvbtifhs \ := ¸Yuâ vn Onsÿs ng
ais pnrshgis i ais qun ustnj
y hjbifhs fés. Ifi i ahs qun ghshtrhs rnm`izifhs phr prnoubmbhs. ¡Âa vn ug dung
mrbtbmi, nvbti y idhrrnmn8
phtngmbia ng ngnfbchs, prhstbtutis, iamh`ýabmhs, ahs qun vngjng y mhgsufng jrhcis, na
bgfhria snxuia, aijrhgns, fngtbrhshs, itnhs, `hfhsnxuians y mhdrijhrns jn bfpunsths!
Onsÿs ghs ifi i thjhs. Âa ifi i qubngns ghs hkngjng, ghs pnrsbcung, mhafig gunstri
pimbngmbi y i ahs qun ghs `imng simujbr ai midnzi mhg trbstnzi h jbscusth. Onsÿs bgmaush
ifidi i ]iuah jn Zirs h, igtns jn qun âa sn mhgvbrtbnri ng na ipýstha \idah. ¡Bficægnsn tia
Zirsh,
ifhr! Muigjh iÿg ârifhs pnmijhrns, Mrbsth, na pbijhsh, furbý phr ghshtrhs ahs bfpæhs.
Yuâ firivbaahsh nonfpah Jbhs ghs figji i sncubr sncubr..
Gunstrh
Gunst rh ]nùh
]nùhrr tbngn ug paig piri miji pnrs pnrshgi.
hgi. Zbngn paign
paignss piri ahs fés \ :: ¸Yuâ maisn jn
hdstbgijhs, ahs iprngjbmns fés angths y piri ahs pnhrns pnmijhrns. Zbngn paigns paigns tbngn Onsÿs
Onsÿs piri
iqunaahs ng ahs qun ustnj vn
piri ahs qun pirn
pirnmng
mng tngnr phmi h gbgcu
gbgcugigi `idba
`idbabjij.
bjij. Muiaq
Muiaqubnr
ubnr pnrs
pnrshgi
hgi qun sbci phmh viahr8
i Mrbsth thfi ugi crig jnmbsbýg. Ahs paigns qun tngnfhs piri ghshtrhs fbsfhs
shg pnqunùhs ng mhfpirimbýg mhg ahs paigns jn Jbhs piri ghshtrhs. \rncÿgtnan i
Fitnh, na `hfdrn i qubng thjhs, nxmnpth Jbhs, mrbtbmidig
mrbtbmidig,, `isti qun nstn rnmiujijhr \ :> ¸Muéans shg ais
jn bfpunsths sn ngmhgtrý mhg Onsÿs. mbgmh rizhgns phr ais qun
jndnfhs nvbtir ouzcir
I. Na prhdanfi? mbgmh rizhgns phr ais qun ns bgsngsith mrbtbmir. y mrbtbmir8

Tizhgns ]us rnsÿfngns jn phr quâ ns bgsngsith mrbtbmir

9.
4.
=.
:.
>.
Kbcuri ;.9= \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh mbgmh rizhgns phr ais qun ns bgsngsith mrbtbmir.
mrbtbmir.
Ai mrætbmi mirnmn jn ifhr. Onsÿs ghs aaifi i snr mhfh Âa. Muiaqubnr gnmbh punjn
mrbtbmir, mhgjngir n bgsuatir y ai fiyhræi jn ahs gnmbhs ah `imn. \nrh ugi pnrshgi sidbi
phgn ng prémtbmi ai mhfprngsbýg, ng aucir jn mrbtbmir
mrbtbmir.. Ai mræ
mrætbmi
tbmi tbngn ai jurnzi qun vbngn

90: Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

jn ai mirgn, gh jna Nspærbtu ]igth. Ais piaidris jn mrætbmi punjng snr vnrjijnris, pnrh
mirnmng jn ifhr. R ais Nsmrbturis ghs cuæig i `idair ai vnrjij ng ifhr. Isæ ais pnrshgis
nspbrbtuians sbcung ahs pishs jn Mrbsth. \rimtbmig ai mhfprngsbýg ng aucir jn ouzcir. Ai
vnrjij jndn snfdrirsn mhfh snfbaais jn ifhr, gh jbspirirsn mhfh diais jn hjbh.
Ai mrætbmi rhfpn ai *Tncai jn hrh (Fitnh 3?94). I gijbn an custig ais mrætbmis. Nsth ns
mhfh sb ghs pitnirig ng ai nspbgbaai h ghs idhkntnirig ng ai miri. Ai mrætbmi ns jhahrhsi.
Ghs `imn sngtbr ivnrchgzijhs, nghoijhs h bgsuatijhs. Isæ qun, nvbtnfhs mrbtbmir i
htrhs. ]idbh jbmn? ]b ustnj qubnrn mhgstrubr ugi rnaimbýg mhg iacubng, gh ah chapnn ng ai
nspbgbaai. Fis dbng, nstrâm`nan ai figh.
Ai mrætbmi ns bgÿtba. Gugmi mufpan na prhpýsbth jna mrætbmh. Mrbtbmifhs phrqun
jnsnifhs qun ugi pnrshgi sn abdnrn jn ugi immbýg h jn ugi imtbtuj. \nrh hmurrn ah
mhgtrirbh. Ai mrætbmi `imn qun ais pnrshgis sn rntribcig y sn iknrrng mhg fés kunrzi i su
mhfphrtifbngth. Muigjh mrbtbmifhs i ais pnrshgis, su prbfnri rnimmbýg ns jnkngjnrsn.
Muigth fés mrbtbmifhs ug mhfphrtifbngth, fés anohs nstirnfhs jn mifdbirah. Ai mrætbmi
ns ugi pârjbji jn tbnfph, mhfh mhrtir ugi tidai qun yi ns jnfisbijh mhrti. Nfpnhri ais
mhsis, gh ais fnohri.
Na sha y na vbngth tuvbnrhg ugi mhfpntngmbi piri vnr muéa jn naahs phjæi `imnr qun
ug vbionrh sn qubtiri na idrbch. Na vbngth shpaý mhg thji su kurbi ng ai miri jna `hfdrn.
Muigth fés kunrtn shpaidi, fés sn iknrridi na `hfdrn i su idrbch. \nrh muigjh na sha
jbrbcbý sus cngtbans riyhs shdrn na `hfdrn, nstn sn qubtý na idrbch mhg ugi shgrbsi.
Ai mrætbmi aistbfi ia rnmnpthr. Muigjh mrbtbmifhs i iacubng, gunstris piaidris
mhrtigtns `bnrng prhkugjifngtn. Nstis `nrbjis punjng tirjir fum`h tbnfph ng sigir.
N bgmaush jnspuâs jn sigir ng ai supnrmbn, punjng qunjir mbmitrbmns qun ans rnmunrjig
i ais pnrshgis ais `nrbjis. Ai mrætbmi qunfi ahs pungtns qun ghs mhgnmtig y jiùi ais
rnaimbhgns. Zifdbâg
Zifdbâg jiùi ai iuthnstbfi jn ai pnrshgi y mrni rnsngtbfbngth. R ais pnrshgis
gh havbjig fuy prhgth qubâg ais `brbý. Iùh tris iùh, ais pnrshgis rnmunrjig ia mrætbmh
qun ahs idhkntný mhg piaidris `hstbans y mrunans.
Isæ mhfh ais pnrshgis sn ianoig jna vbngth bgvnrgia, tifdbâg sn ianoig jn ais kræis
piaidris jn ug mrætbmh. Ahs ifbchs jnsipirnmng mhg miji mrætbmi. \hjnfhs nm`irghs
ngmbfi fés ngnfbchs mhg piaidris `brbngtns jn ahs ifbchs qun mhgsncubfhs mhg
ifidbabjij. ]b jndnfhs ifir i gunstrhs ngnfbchs, ¸mýfh jndnræifhs tritir i gunstrhs
ifbchs8 ¡\hgcéfhsan ugi drbji i gunstri angcui!

Ai mrætbmiitiqung
pnrshgis aistbfiiaiamrætbmh.
rnfbtngtn.
mrætbmh. ‑Na tbrh an sian phr ai muaiti‖. Ai mrætbmi miusi qun ais
Iugqun ai htri pnrshgi nstâ nqubvhmiji, mrbtbmirai shah `imn qun na mrætbmh sn
nqubvhqun tifdbâg. Kun fuy fiah qun Ghâ sn nfdrbiciri. \nrh, ¸quâ rnsuatý muigjh su
`boh Mif mrbtbmý i su pijrn phr su jnsgujnz y nfdrbicunz8 ¸Ai imtbtuj mrætbmi an iyujý
i Ghâ ng sus immbhgns h ng su rnputimbýg8 ¸Tnmhghmbý nstn su nrrhr8 ¸]n irrnpbgtbý jn
`idnr pisijh phr gnmbh8 ¡Gh! Ghâ gh jboh giji
 imnrmi jn su prhpbh pnmijh. Ng mifdbh,
¡fiajboh ia mrætbmh!
Fbmia nri `boi jna rny ]iÿa y nsphsi
jna rny Jivbj. Fbrigjh jnsjn ugi
vngtigi, Fbmia vbh i su nsphsh jigzigjh
\ :; ¸Ai mrætbmi kun ng ai miaan fbngtris ahs simnrjhtns
dngnmbhsi h jiùbgi piri
Fbmia8 Nxpabqun.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 90>

rncrnsidig na irmi i Onrusiaâg. Naai sn sbgtbý ivnrchgziji muigjh vbh i su nsphsh

qubtirsn sus vnstbjhs rnians y jigzir ng pÿdabmh. \iri naai sus immbhgns nrig
jnfisbijh bgkhrfians piri ug rny. Yunræi qun âa jnfhstriri fés jbcgbjij. \ngsý
qun qubtirsn sus prngjis nxtnrbhrns y jigzir jndæi `imnrah piri naai, ng prbvijh.
Fbmia gh pujh jbsmnrgbr muég sbcgbmitbvh nri qun na irmi vhavbnri i Bsrina. Yubzés
naai nri fnghs nxprnsbvi ng su ijhrimbýg qun Jivbj, qubng migtý y sn rnchmboý ng ai
prns
prnsngmbi
ngmbi jnrndhsigtn
nsi ghm`n, Jbhs jurig
jurigtn
jntnchzh
cri
criggpiri
pirtnmhfpirtbrah
jn su vb
vbji.
ji. ng
Mu
Muigjh
igjh
su nnaa rnyFbmia
`hcir, Ji
Jivbj
vbjahaan
aancý
cý i su¸Yuâ
mrbtbmý. mmisi
isi
rnsuatý muigjh naai mrbtbmý ia rny Jivbj phr jnsphoirsn jn su rhpi nxtnrbhr y jigzir
ng pÿdabmh fbngtris qun na irmi rncrnsidi i Onrusiaâg8 ¸]u mrætbmi prhjuoh na mifdbh
qun naai qunræi ng Jivbj8 ¡Gh! ]u mrætbmi kun mhfh prngjnr ug mirtum`h jn jbgifbti
ng Jivbj. ¡Duf! Ah qun pujh snr ai fnohr ghm`n jn ai vbji jn Fbmia, sn mhgvbrtbý
ng ugi pnsijbaai qun naai gh havbjý gugmi. Ng ug fhfngth, ai imtbtuj jn rnchmboh y
jn dngjbmbýg ng Jivbj sn mhgvbrtbý ng bri y fiajbmbýg. ]u mrætbmi anvigtý tigth
rnsngtbfbngth ng Jivbj, qun gugmi fés vhavbý i tngnr rnaimbhgns snxuians mhg naai,
su prhpbi nsphsi, ¡phr na rnsth jn su vbji! (4 ] ;?94-4=). Ah qun paigtnifhs gh ns sb
Jivbj nstidi ng ah mhrrnmth h gh ng snr tig bgkhrfia ng pÿdabmh, sbgh qun ai mrætbmi
miusi qun htrhs sn jnngjig y itiqung ia mrætbmh.
Ai `bsthrbi jn ]bfnb ns ug phmh
fbstnrbhsi. Ipirnmn ng ais Nsmrbturis

ng na tbnfph
jn ahs `bohs jnng Jivbj,
qun Idsiaýg,
jnsnidi ugh
snr \ :3 ¸Muégth tbnfph
rny y abjnrý ug chapn jn nstijh piri an thfý i ]bfnb mhsnm`ir
jnrrhmir ia rny Jivbj. Nsti rnvunati ais snfbaais jn mrætbmi
qun snfdrý8
hdabcý i Jivbj i nsmipir jna piaimbh
phr su vbji
vbji.. Gh nstif
nstifhs
hs sncur
sncurhs
hs jn \ :0 Muigjh ustnj
phr quâ ]bfn
]bfnbb kun tig itrn
itrnvbjh
vbjh jn mrbtbmi, ¸muégth tbnfph punjn
fiajnmbr ia rny Jivbj. ¸Nstn nri ug pnrjurir ai ifircuri
qun miusi8
prhknti8
prhk nti8 ¸Ah ngvbý Jbhs i fiaj
fiajnmbr
nmbrah
ah
ng ug tbnfph ng qun ais piaidris jna
prhk nti Gitég nstid
prhknti nstidig
ig i pugth jn
mufpabrsn8 (4 ] 94?99-94). Ns jbkæmba
ngmhgtrir iugqun snig jhs nrujbths
qun nstâg jn imunrjh mhg thjis ais
prncugtis qun phjnfhs
phjnfhs khrfuair imnrmi
jn ]bfnb y su fngsion. ]bg juji Jivbj
sn sngtæi muapidan phr isnsbgir i ^ræis.
R su muapi ah `ufbaaý piri pnrjhgiran ai vbji ia mrætbmh qun ah fiajnmæi. = Ri sni qun
Jbhs `iyi ngvbijh i ]bfnb h gh, h qun ]bfnb nstuvbnri ng ah mhrrnmth h gh5 Jivbj
sidæi qun âa nri muapidan phr jnrrifir sigcrn bghmngtn. Gh tngæi gbgcÿg jnsnh jn
iùijbr fés i nsi sigcrn bghmngtn, isnsbgigjh i ]bfnb. Ah qun baustrifhs ns na `nm`h
jn qun muigjh mrbtbmifhs i ais pnrshgis, phjnfhs `imnr qun sn sbngtig ifircijis
`imbi ghshtrhs phr fum`hs, fum`hs iùhs. ]bfnb mrbtbmý n bgmaush fiajboh ia rny
Jivbj. Muirngti iùhs jnspuâs, muigjh na rny Jivbj nstidi ng su anm`h jn funrtn,
thjivæi rnmhrjidi na jhahr qun `idæi sngtbjh na jæi ng qun ]bfnb ah mrbtbmý. Jivbj an
pbjbý i ]iahf
]iahfýgýg qun sn isnc
isncurisn
urisn jn qun ]bfn
]bfnbb f
furbnr
urbnrii phr sus piai
piaidris
dris jn mræt
mrætbmi
bmi \ :2 ¸Ai mrætbmi `i sbjh
(9 T 4?2). ]b ustnj qubnrn prhvhmir ugi ifircuri qun pnrjurn phr thji ugi vbji, ugi `nrrifbngti ÿtba piri
icubohgnn i iacubng mhg ugis muigtis piaidris juris jn mrætbmi. ustnj h piri iacubng i qubng
ustnj mhghmn8 Nxpabqun.
Ai mrætbmi ns mhfh ug dufnrigc. Muigjh ah aigzi, vhavnré i ustnj. Ai mrætbmi `imn \ >< ¸Ng quâ sngtbjh
qun na mrætbmh sn sbngti fnohr phr ug fhfngth. \nrh `imn qun na rnmnpthr mhgjngn ia ai mrætbmi ns mhfh ug
imusijhr.. ]b su prhpýsbth ns rnmbdbr mrætbmis, ngthgmns aigmn iacugis `imbi iacubng.
imusijhr dufnrigc8 Nxpabqun.

90; Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

\uns sncurifngtn vhavnrég i ustnj. Onsÿs ijvbrtbý?

Kbcuri ;.9; Ai
mrætbmi ns mhfh ug
dufnrigc, ugi `nrrifbngti
`nm`i jn fijnri h fntia. Ng ahs
tbnfphs fhjnrghs, ahs dufnrigcs sn
vngjng mhfh
ngtrntngnr.
ngtrntngnr oucuntns
. \nrh h sn
iacugis usig piri
pnrshgis ng
Iustriabi ahs `ig usijh mhfh ug irfi
piri mizir. Muigjh ugi pnrshgi aigzi na
dufnrigc, cbri fbngtris vunai phr na ibrn.
Iach ishfdrhsh imnrmi jna dufnrigc
ns qun, muigjh sn aigzi ng mbnrth
égcuah, rncrnsi `isti
na aigzijhr
a igzijhr..
9
‑Gh ouzcuâbs, piri qun gh snébs ouzcijhs.
4
\hrqunn mhg na oubmbh mhg qun ouzcébs,
\hrqu
snrâbs ouzcijhs, y mhg ai fnjbji mhg qun
fnjæs, hs snré fnjbjh. = ¸R phr quâ fbris
ai pioi qun nsté ng na hoh jn tu `nrfigh,
Kbcuri ;.93 y gh nm`is jn vnr ai vbci qun nsté ng tu
Ai mrætbmi ns mhfh ug dufnrigc, nsti rncrnsi `isti na qun ai ngvbý. : prhpbh hoh8 : ¸H mýfh jbrés i tu `nrfigh?
Jâoifn simir ai pioi jn tu hoh, y `n iquæ
ai vbci ng na hoh tuyh8 > ¡@bpýmrbti! simi prbfnrh ai vbci jn tu prhpbh hoh, y
ngthgmns vnrés dbng piri simir ai pioi jna hoh jn tu `nrfigh‖ (Ft 3?9->).
3?9->).
\ >9 ¸Muégtis jn ais Tnsufng?
mbgmh rizhgns piri nvbtir ai
mrætbmi punjn ustnj rnmhrjir Ai mrætbmi ns ug `édbth pnmifbghsh. Mirnmn jn ifhr. Thfpn ai Tncai jn hrh. Ns
sbg fbrir na abdrh8 bgÿtba, an `imn pnrjnr na tbnfph y nfpnhri ais fiais sbtuimbhgns. Ai mrætbmi aistbfi tigth
ia mrbtbmijh mhfh ia mrætbmh. ]nifhs fés bgtnabcngtns qun Fbmia, qun ]bfnb y qun Mif.
]nifhs répbjhs piri nviauir gunstris prhpbis kiatis. \nrh muigjh vnifhs iach qun
qunrnfhs mifdbir ng htrhs, nvbtnfhs na nrrhr jn mrbtbmir, yi qun ai rnspunsti mhfÿg jna
mrbtbmijh ns jnkngjnrsn y itimir ia mrætbmh.
]idbh jbmn? ]b ustnj ns tig gnmbh mhfh piri mrbtbmir, sni tig sidbh piri nsmipir y `ubr.
Jýgjn nvbtir mrbtbmir y mýfh `imnrah. Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, gh mrbtbqun ng su misi. Nvbtn
\ >4 ¸Yuâ imtbtuj
mrbtbmir i su mýgyucn, i sus `bohs h i ai kifbabi phaætbmi. R gh ah `ici tifphmh ng su
jndnræifhs primtbmir piri
rnnfpaizir ai mrætbmi8 aucir jn tridioh. Tnsbsti ai tngtimbýg jn mrbtbmir i su pnrshgia h i muiaqubnr pnrshgi qun
ustnj qubnri qun ah sbci. Gb sbqubnri i sus ngnfbchs. \uns nsth ah aistbfiré i ustnj y i
ahs qun ustnj mrbtbmi. ]b ustnj mrbtbmi i sus ngnfbchs, sus piaidris kræis y mhrtigtns gh ahs
mifdbirég. Zifdbâg, miusirég qun sus sncubjhrns sn ipirtng jn ustnj, phrqun ais piaidris
juris jn ai mrætbmi mirnmng jn ifhr. Ns fés, sb ustnj sbnfdri snfbaais jn mrætbmi, nsh ns ah
qun mhsnm`iré sncÿg ai Dbdabi. Onsÿs ijvbrtbý imnrmi jn ai any nspbrbtuia qun rbcn ai mrætbmi.
Htrhs ghs ouzcirég jn ai fbsfi fignri ng qun ghshtrhs ouzcifhs. Isæ qun, bgmauyéfhghs
ngtrn ahs sidbhs qun nvbtig ais mrætbmis.
m rætbmis. Ng su aucir, primtbqunfhs ai mhfprngsbýg y na ifhr
i ais pnrshgis, qun rnsphgjng fnohr ia déasifh qun i ai imusimbýg.
Iacugis vnmns jndnfhs mhgkrhgtir i htrhs imnrmi jn mbnrths tnfis. \nrh, iug
isæ, snifhs ifidans, mhfprngsbvhs y tritnfhs jn iyujir i ai pnrshgi i cuirjir ais
ipirbngmbis jbsmutbngjh ahs isugths ng prbvijh h i trivâs jn ug fnjbijhr. ]b tngnfhs
qun jbsmutbr ug prhdanfi mhg iacubng, tritnfhs jn fnzmair ai jbsmusbýg mhg gunvn pirtns
jn iprnmbh, jn nahcbhs y jn iabngth. ]b `iy ug érni qun gnmnsbti fnohrirsn, `icéfhsai
pirnmnr pnqunùi y kémba, ng mhfpirimbýg mhg thjh na prhcrnsh rniabzijh.
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 903

Muigjh sn sbngti tngtijh i mrbtbmir h i mhgjngir, bgtngtn mhgsncubr

mhgsncubr ug ngkhqun jbknrngtn.
Zritn jn mhfprngjnr. ^gi pnrshgi sidbi triti i ahs jnfés mhg ifhr y mhfprngsbýg.
Muigth fés mhghzmifhs i Jbhs, fés mhfprngsbýg tngjrnfhs jn ahs jnfés.
D. [ni na prbgmbpbh 4. Nonfpahs ng ai Dbdabi jn rnnfpaizir ai mrætbmi mhg
ifhr y mhfprngsbýg.
\ >= Mhfpantn ai curi ;.90 mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions shdrn na
prbgmbpbh 4 jn nvbtir
nvbtir ai mrætbmi.
Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis
9 ] 4> Jivbj mhgjngý i Gidia. ¸Mýfh miafý ai bri jn Jivbj
ai mhfprngsbýg jn Idbciæa8
Ft ;?9
;?94
4 ¸A
¸Ai
i mræt
mrætbm
bmi
i rnvn
rnvnai
ai ugi
ugi imt
imtbtbtuj
uj jn
jn pn
pnrj
rjýg
ýg8
8
Ng vnz jn ouzcir i htrhs, ¸ng quâ jbmn Onsÿs qun
Ft 3?9-;
jndnfhs ngkhmirghs8
¸Yuâ anmmbýg vn ustnj ng ai imtbtuj jn gunstrh ]nùhr
Ft 2?2-9=
`imbi Fitnh, ug tribjhr gimbhgia8
¸Ai pirédhai jn ahs jhs jnujhrns ghs ngsnùi i snr
Ft 90?49-=>
mrætbmhs y snvnrhs mhg htrhs8 Nxpabqun.
¸Yuâ ghs ngsnùi Onsÿs imnrmi jn rnaimbhgirghs mhg
Am 3?=;-><
ais pnrshgis jn mhgjumti pnmifbghsi8
Fitnh y _iqunh rnmiujidig bfpunsths piri ahs
rhfighs, qun `idæig mhgqubstijh i Bsrina. Ahs
oujæhs hjbidig i nsths mhdrijhrns jnjn bfpunsths
Am 92?9-9<
fés qun i gijbn. \nrh, ¸quâ imtbtuj tuvh Onsÿs
`imbi nsths tribjhrns8 ¸Yuâ maisn jn pnrshgis shg
rnpuasbvis piri ustnj8
¸Yuâ maisn jn mhfphrtifbngth tuvh Onsÿs `imbi ai
Og :?9-4; fuonr bgfhria qun nstidi ougth ia phzh jn ]ifirbi8
¸Na ]nùhr ghs ngsnùi i mrbtbmir ia bgfhria8 Nxpabqun.
¸\idah ghs ngsnùi i mrbtbmir i ahs qun nstég
Cé ;?9-4
bgvhaumrijhs ng pnmijhs8 Nxpabqun.
Kbcuri ;.90 \rimtbqun ngmhgtrir na prbgmbpbh 4 ng ais Nsmrbturis? rnnfpaizir ai mrætbmi mhg ai mhfprngsbýg.
M. [ni na prbgmbpbh 4 ng ai vbji jn htrhs `hy.
\ >: ¸Mýfh kun qun ug finstrh mifdbý ai vbji jn ug nstujbigtn sbngjh mhfprngsbvh8
Nonfpah jn jhs fbguths shdrn na prbgmbpbh 4
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Muigjh ngsnùidi i nstujbigtns jn ugi nsmunai pÿdabmi snmugjirbi.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng ug iuai mhg =< iaufghs ijhansmngtns qun nstujbidig fitnfétbmis.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 Rh, qun nri ug ohvng finstrh y `idæi =< nstujbigtns ng ai maisn.
¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi).
bgsuatý mhg ug mhfngtirbh brrnspntuhsh. ÂaJurigtn
imididiai jn
maisn,
snrug
nxpuasijh
gunvh nstujbigtn
jn htri maisn
aaifijh
jn fitnfétbmis
Oishg fn
phr ug mhfphrtifbngth crhsnrh, y nsti nri su prbfnri snfigi ng fb maisn. ]u mhfngtirbh kun tig
brrnspntuhsh qun fn jnsmhgmnrtý. Zhji ai maisn sn qunjý ng sbangmbh, nspnrigjh fb rnspunsti ia
bgsuath. \hr ug fhfngth, yh pnrfignmæ ng sbangmbh hrigjh y pbjbâgjhan ia ]nùhr qun fn iyujiri i
mhfprngjnr i nstn ohvng itrbduaijh. Yubzés su misi nstidi ng mrbsbs. Iach miusidi qun sn sbgtbnri tig
nghoijh y `hstba. Jnspuâs jn ug fbguth jn sbangmbh, fn miafâ ug phmh y supnrâ ai vnrcñngzi qun sngtæ
ngkrngtn jn ahs nstujbigtns. Angtifngtn jbon? ‑Oishg, ng thji fb vbji gijbn `idæi sbjh tig crhsnrh
mhgfbch. Ipngis ah mhghzmh i ustnj, pnrh fn `i bgsuatijh jnaigtn jn thjhs nsths nstujbigtns. Ns
fuy jbkæmba piri fæ mhfprngjnr phr quâ ustnj sn mhfphrti jn nsti fignri. Muigjh ah fbrh, vnh i ug
nstujbigtn qun ns fuy bgtnabcngtn. ^stnj ns ah sumbngtnfngtn bgtnabcngtn mhfh piri mhgsncubr ugi
jn ais fnohrns miabmimbhgns ng nsti maisn. Zifdbâg ns cuiph y pbngsh qun ais m`bmis ah ghtig. @n
nsmum`ijh qun ustnj ns ug nxmnangtn itanti y pbngsh qun tbngn ai `idbabjij piri mhgvnrtbrsn ng ug
dung aæjnr. Htrh finstrh ah `bzh idigjhgir su maisn phrqun ustnj kun crhsnrh mhg âa.
Kbcuri ;.92 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi
900 Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Nonfpah jn jhs fbguths shdrn na prbgmbpbh 4
(Girrn su `bsthrbi mhgtbguimbýg) R i`hri `i sbjh crhsnrh mhgfbch. \nrh gh nsthy jbspunsth i rngugmbir
i ustnj thjivæi. Isæ qun, ng nsti ÿgbmi hmisbýg, vhy i thanrir su rujnzi, phrqun mrnh qun punjn
mhgvnrtbrsn ng ugh jn fbs fnohrns nstujbigtns‖.
Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 4? Mhfh rnsuatijh jn `idnr bgtngtijh mhfprngjnr i Oishg ng aucir a ucir
jn mhgjngirah, su vbji mifdbý. Jnspuâs jn ais maisns, âa sn nxmusý. Jnsjn nsn jæi ng ijnaigtn, sn
phrtý fuy mhrtâs ng ai maisn y sn mhgvbrtbý ng ugh jn fbs fnohrns nstujbigtns. \hstnrbhrfngtn ng
nsn fbsfh iùh, ah cubn `isti Mrbsth y jnspuâs jn ughs fnsns rnmbdbý na diutbsfh jna Nspærbtu ]igth.
]bnfprn an jhy crimbis i Jbhs jn gh `idnrah nxpuasijh jn ai maisn phr su crhsnræi. R thji ai maisn
iprnmbý ai mhfprngsbýg y ai crimbi qun an jnfhstrâ jurigtn ugi thrfngti jn su vbji.
Kbcuri ;.92 Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh 4 ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
\ >> ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh 4 nsti snfigi. Igtns jn aancir i ai prýxbfi maisn
mhgtnstn thjis ais prncugtis jn ai anmmbýg 4;, mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi ;.4< imnrmi jn su
fnohr nonfpah jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 4.

]ni ifbcidan5 mhrtâs, ifidan y dhgjijhsh. Auzmi ugi shgrbsi gh ug

Anmmbýg mnùh krugmbjh.
Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir rizhgns piri snr ifbcidan.
4; Hdontbvh D? Nxpabmir iacugis fignris jn snr ifbcidan ng su muaturi.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir ai ifbstij i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
Hdontbvh J? Nxpabmir ai rnaimbýg ngtrn na chzh y ai ifbstij, n baustrirai.

\ qun
y >; mijiMhfpantn
ugh thfnaijhs
curi ;.4< igtns
fbguths jn aancir su
piri mhfpirtbr i ai`bsthrbi
maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh
shdrn rnnfpaizir ai mrætbmijn maisn
mhg ai
mhfprngsbýg jna prbgmbpbh 4.

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn na prbgmbpbh 4 piri thji ai maisn

\ >3 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ >0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri ;.4< Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 4.
\ >2 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg 4;? ]ni ifbcidan,
ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh
mhrtâs, ifidan y dhgjijhsh. Auzmi ugi shgrbsi gh I  
jn maisn8
ug mnùh krugmbjh.
 
\rbgmbpbh =. ]ni ifbcidan, mhrtâs, icrijidan y
dhgjijhsh, gh kræh, gb jbstigtn, gb iatignrh, gb     ,
`hstba5 funstrn ugi shgrbsi, gh ug mnùh krugmbjh.   
Imtÿn mhfh sb ustnj nstuvbnri mhgtngth jn vnr i ais   .
pnrshgis, bgmaush muigjh
muigjh ai vbji sni jbkæmba.
\ ;< Ng ai curi ;.49 nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9 i = piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns.
Mipætuah Anmmbhgns \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =.
43 :. ]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan.
Kbcuri ;.49 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 902

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Mipætuah Anmmbhgns \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
40 >. ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
 42 ;. ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn sus kifbabis.
3 =< 3. ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri ;.49 Ahs gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y figtngnr rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4).
I. @iy fum`is fignris jn snr ifbcidan y rizhgns piri snrah. snrah.
Ais piutis piri snr ifbcidan viræig mhg ai muaturi. ¸Muéans shg ais rncais jn ifbstij \ ;9 Ng su muaturi,
¸mýfh jnfunstrig ais
ng su piæs8fhfngth8
muiaqubnr ¸Mýfh imtÿig ahs ifbchs
]b rnmbdn ifbchs ngtrn
ng susæ8 ¸\unjn
misi, ug ifbchmhg
¸sn sngtbrég aancir i su jn
abdnrtij misibr ng
jn pnrshgis sbgmnris qun
shg ifbcidans8
ugi `idbtimbýg i htri8 Ng htris muaturis ns bfphrtigtn snr fés khrfians, yi qun nsth
jnfunstri `hghr y rnspnth `imbi ais pnrshgis maivn. \nrh ng miji muaturi `iy fignris
jn snr ikidan, immnsbdan, icrijidan y ifbcidan.
]b mifbgi `imbi ais pnrshgis mhg ahs puùhs mnrrijhs, naahs mnrrirég ahs puùhs
`imbi ustnj. ]b sn imnrmi i ais pnrshgis
pnrs hgis mhg na mnùh krugmbjh, naahs an krugmbrég
krugmbré g na mnùh
tifdbâg i ustnj. \nrh sb sn jbrbcn i ai cngtn ifbsthsifngtn, i fngujh ngmhgtriré i
ug gunvh ifbch.
Igtns jn phjnr cigirsn i ugi pnrshgi piri Mrbsth, prbfnrh jndn mhgvngmnrai jn \ ;4 ¸Muéa ns ugi rizýg
bfphrtigtn piri
qun ustnj ns ug ifbch sbgmnrh. Ns fés kémba cubir i ug ifbch i Mrbsth qun cubir i ug
snr ifbcidan8
nxtriùh h i ug ngnfbch i Mrbsth. \hr ah cngnria, gunstrh crijh jn bgungmbi jnpngjn jn
ais rnaimbhgns qun tngcifhs y qun mhfbngzig mhg ugi ifbstij. Ai ifidbabjij ngcngjri
ifbstij. ]bnfdrn immbhgns jn ifbstij y mhsnm`iré ug ifbch.
\ ;= ¸Muéa jn nstis
Ai ifbstij
ifbcidans viræi
ng su sncÿgugai siaujh
muaturi? muaturi.mhrjbia,
¸Muéa jnshgrnær
ais sbcubngtns figbknstimbhgns
ng vnz jn cruùbr, idrbran shg snùiansi
ai punrti figbknstimbhgns funstrig
ifbstij ng su muaturi8
iacubng, jir ug rnciah, fhstrir ug puùh mnrrijh, ug thgh jn vhz ifidan, ug gbvna
iprhpbijh jn khrfiabjij, krugmbr na mnùh, rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis, ug
mhrizýg qun nsmum`i, prncugtir phr na dbngnstir jn ugi pnrshgi, mufpabjhs sbgmnrhs,
fhstrir iprnmbh, hkrnmnrsn piri iyujir ng ugi gnmnsbjij8
Muigjh ghs prncugtifhs quâ
ifbchs sbcgbmig fés piri ghshtrhs,
cngnriafngtn shg ahs qun ghs
funstrig ifidbabjij y qun mhfpirtng
gunstrh jhahr. Ahs ifbchs punjng
pnrf ignmnr
pnrfignm nr ng sban
sbangmbh
gmbh mhg ghsht
ghshtrhs
rhs
ng tbnfphs jn jnsnspnrimbýg h jn
mhgkusbýg h ng ugi `hri jn ibmmbýg.
Ahs ifbchs punjng iyujirghs.
Kbcuri ;.44 \unjng nsmum`ir muigjh gnmnsbtifhs
¸Muéa jn nstis pnrshgis pirnmn ifbcidan8 nxprnsir gunstrhs sngtbfbngths.
I mhgtbguimbýg, prnsngtifhs iacughs jn ahs jbm`hs kivhrbths jn ]idbh imnrmi jn
ai ifbstij?
^g ifbch
ifbch sid
sidn
n muég
muégjh
jh nsmum`
nsmum`ir
ir,, ng aucir
aucir jn imh
imhgsn
gsnoir
oir.. ^gi shgrbs
shgrbsi
i jbmn
jbmn jnsjn
jnsjn ai jbstig
jbstigmbi
mbi?? ‑^stnj
‑^stnj fn bfphrt
bfphrti‖.
i‖.

Muigtis fés jbsmusbhgns cign ustnj, fnghs ifbchs Ahs ifbchs

ifbchs ifig i pnsir jn ahs jnknmths5 pnrh ahs
tngjré. \nrjnfhs ifbchs ng miji iatnrmijh. ngnfbchs hjbig i pnsir jn ais vbrtujns.
v brtujns.
Iacugis vnmns ustnj punjn cigir ug ifbch, Ai fnohr
fnohr rnmnti
rnmnti piri cigir ifbchs
ifbchs ns snr ifbch.
ifbch.
shah nsmum`igjh.
‑Ng thjh tbnfph ifi na ifbch…‖ (\r 93?93).

92< Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

D. [ni na prbgmbpbh = ng ai Dbdabi shdrn snr ifbcidan.

\ ;: Mhfpantn ai curi ;.4= mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs
shdrn na prbgmbpbh =.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis

Ft >?:3
>?:3 ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ maivn
maivn jb
jbh
h Onsÿs
Onsÿs piri
piri snr
snr ifbci
ifbcidan
dan8
8

Onsÿs kun mhghmbjh mhfh ug ifbch jn ahs

 pnmijhrns. Âa imtuý jn fignri ifbcidan
`imbi thjhs ghshtrhs ahs pnmijhrns phrqun
vbgh i ai tbnrri piri rnjbfbrghs. Iacughs
pbngsig qun snr sigth ns pnrfignmnr ianoijhs
jn ahs pnmijhrns h jnsprnmbirahs mhfh ah
`imæig ahs kirbsnhs. ¡Onsÿs nri mhfpantifngtn
sigth, sbg nfdirch, itriæi i ahs pnmijhrns
`imbi Âa! Mhfbý mhg rnmiujijhrns jn
Ft 99?92 bfpunsths pnmijhrns mhfh Fitnh y _iqunh.
@idaý mhg fuonrns pnmijhris, mhfh ai fuonr
ougth phzh y Firæi Ficjiangi.
Ficjiangi. Muigjh
nstnfhs aanghs jna ifhr jn Mrbsth, snrnfhs
ifbcidans mhg ahs qun Jbhs ghs aaifn i
iyujir. ¸]n ianoi ustnj jn ahs pnmijhrns
phrqun rnm`izi su vbanzi8 ¸Zbngn tnfhr jn
qun ah vnig mhg pnmijhrns8 H, ¸`i iprngjbjh
i snr ifbcidan mhg ais pnrshgis qun fés
gnmnsbtig su iyuji8
Fbngtris ahs jbsmæpuahs jna ]nùhr sn ngkhmidig
Og 2?9-; ng qubâg nri muapidan, ¸quâ imtbtuj tuvh Onsÿs
`imbi na `hfdrn mbnch8
Onsÿs kun ifbcidan `isti mhg ahs qun ah
Ft 4;?><5
>?:: tribmbhgirhg.
tngnr, bgmaush¸Yuâ imtbtuj ghs
mhg gunstrhs ngsnùý Onsÿs i
ngnfbchs8
Kbcuri ;.4= \rimtbqun jnsmudrbngjh na prbgmbpbh = ng ais Nsmrbturis.
M. [ni nonfpahs jna prbgmbpbh = ng ai vbji jn htrhs `hy.
\ ;> ¸Mýfh kun qun na fngsionrh jn Jbhs, phr fnjbh jn ai ifbstij, idaigjý ai jurnzi jn
ug pnmijhr8

Nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh =

¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 @imn ug mhrth jn tbnfph.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng ugi mbujij crigjn.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 ^g shajijhr qun nri junùh jn ug gnchmbh, su ifbci y yh (ug pisthr).
¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi) Rh gnmnsbtidi ug shphrtn jn fntia piri shstngnr ugi pbnzi
crigjn jn fijnri ng ai pirnj y vbsbtâ ug tiaanr jn shajijuri. Aanvâ ug pnjizh jn mirtýg, mhg na
fhajn jna shphrtn jn fntia. Ia fhfngth jn ngtrir ng na tiaanr, sngtæ vnrcñngzi iongi phr ais khths
pnmifbghsis ng ai pirnj. ¡[iyi! ¡Yuâ bgjnmngmbi! Na shajijhr hdsnrvý qun fn `idæi ipngijh y cruùý?
‑¸Yuâ qubnrn8‖. ]u mhfpiùnri misb gh tngæi rhpi y nstidi idriziji i âa. Rh shgrnæ y jbon? ‑Nsthy
dusmigjh i iacubng qun fn `ici ug shphrtn jn fntia mhg ai khrfi jn nstn mirtýg‖. Jnspuâs jn jiran
ugi fbriji ia mirtýg cruùý? ‑Ah punjh `imnr phr vnbgtn jýairns‖. Na prnmbh fn pirnmbý nanvijh5 sbg
nfdirch, isngtæ y mhfngtâ qun iprnmbidi ngmhgtrir i iacubng qun tuvbnri ai `idbabjij jn `imnrah.
Ngthgmns iùijæ? ‑Na jhfbgch, ng gunstrh tnfpah, vifhs i tngnr ugi mngi piri ifbchs y fn custiræi qun
ustnj y su ifbci kunrig fbs bgvbtijhs‖. ]n rbh nstrnpbthsifngtn y mhgtnstý? ‑Rh gh. ]hy ug pnmijhr
fuy fiah. Na tnfpah phjræi minrfn ngmbfi‖. ]hgrnæ y icrncuâ? ‑Dungh, thjhs `nfhs pnmijh5 pnrh
ustnj gh ns ug pnmijhr tig fiah, sb sn mhfpiri mhg htrhs.
Kbcuri ;.4: Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 929

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh =
Jn `nm`h, ustnj ns ug dung
(Girrn su `bsthrbi mhgtbguimbýg) d ung pnmijhr mhfpirijh mhg na rny Figisâs‖.
Aunch an girrâ ai `bsthrbi jna rny Figisâs (4 T 49?9-905 4 Mr ==?9-4<). ‑Jn thjhs ahs vnbgtn rnyns
jn Oujé, Figisâs kun na fés pnmifbghsh. ]u tnrrbdan chdbnrgh jurý >> iùhs, y aangý ais miaans
jn Onrusiaâg mhg ai sigcrn bghmngtn jn ais pnrshgis
p nrshgis isnsbgiji
isnsbgijiss phr âa jnsjn ug nxtrnfh jn
Onrusiaâg `isti na htrh. \rimtbmý ai `nm`bmnræi, ai ijbvbgimbýg y ai druonræi qun ai Dbdabi prh`ædn.
Jbrbcbý i ai gimbýg ngtnri i ijhrir æjhahs qun âa bgtrhjuoh ng na tnfpah jn Jbhs. ]imrbmý i virbhs
jn sus `bohs i jbhsns picighs shdrn iatirns jn pbnjri. Ai `bsthrbi rncbstri qun, muigjh na prhknti
Bsiæis ah rnprngjbý, na rny Figisâs ah mhahmý ngtrn jhs pbnzis jn fijnri y ah isnrrý phr ai fbtij.
Kbgiafngtn, Jbhs pnrjbý ai pimbngmbi mhg Figisâs y ngvbý i ug rny jn Isbrbi i qun mhgqubstiri ai
gimbýg. Na rny isbrbh an push ug cigm`h ng ai girbz y an pbjbý i ug `nrrnrh qun an `bmbnri mijngis jn
drhgmn piri itirah. Jnspuâs jn `idnr jnsmirrbijh i ugi gimbýg ngtnri phr >> iùhs, ng ai prbsbýg,
na rny Figisâs bgmabgý ai midnzi y an pbjbý i Jbhs qun ah pnrjhgiri‖. (Muigjh yh jbon nsth, ai jifi
sn rbh i mirmioijis y gncý mhg ai midnzi? ‑¡Gh!‖). ‑\iri shrprnsi jn Figisâs, Jbhs an mhgtnstý? ‐\hr
supunsth qun tn pnrjhgirâ. Crimbis phr pnjbrah‒. Ng na mbnah, ai shrprnsi fés crigjn piri na prhknti
Bsiæis snré vnr ia rny qun ah isnrrý i âa phr ai fbtij. \nrh isæ ns Jbhs. Âa ns tbnrgh y fbsnrbmhrjbhsh,
qun pnrjhgi bgmaush i ug pnmijhr rniafngtn fiah mhfh Figisâs. Jbhs nstiræi fuy knabz jn vnrahs i
ifdhs ng na tnfpah, mhfh fbs bgvbtijhs‖. @udh sbangmbh phr ug fhfngth, ngthgmns jboh na shajijhr?
‑Yubzés gh viyi ia tnfpah mhg ustnj thjivæi. \nrh an `irâ na shphrtn phr jbnz jýairns‖.
Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh =. Muigjh pusn ng prémtbmi snr ifbcidan, na mhrizýg jna shajijhr y jn
su ifbci sn suivbzý. R pujn snfdrir ai snfbaai jna nvigcnabh ng ai vbji jn naahs.
Kbcuri ;.4: Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh = ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
J. Ghs vnfhs ifbcidans `imbi htrhs muigjh nstifhs chzhshs.
I Jbhs an ngmigti vnrghs iancrns (4 Mh 2?3). Na chzh ns dungh piri ghshtrhs. ‑Na \ ;; ¸Mýfh ns qun
mhrizýg iancrn mhgstbtuyn dung rnfnjbh‖ (\r 93?44). ‑…na chzh jn On`hvé ns vunstri nstir chzhshs ghs iyuji8

kunrzi‖ (Gn` 0?9<). \nrh na chzh ng gunstri vbji ns tifdbâg dungh piri htrhs. \uns, \ ;3 ¸Mýfh ns qun
ns iach qun ais pnrshgis punjng vnr ng ghshtrhs, iug igtns jn qun `idanfhs. Isæ ug rhstrh iancrn idrn na
mhfh na irhfi jn ugi dungi mhfbji itrin i ais pnrshgis `ifdrbngtis, na chzh mhrizýg jn ais pnrshgis i
itrin i ai cngtn vimæi `imbi Jbhs. Isæ qun, mhfh aæjnrns nspbrbtuians, prnstâfhsan gunstrh fngsion8
itngmbýg ia figjifbngth jn Jbhs? ‑Tnchmboihs ng na ]nùhr sbnfprn. Htri vnz jbch?
¡Tnchmboihs!‖ (Kba :?:).
^gi shgrbsi ns ug siaujh sbg piaidris. ^gi shgrbsi gh an munsti giji i ustnj, pnrh
vian fum`h piri htrhs. ^gi shgrbsi jbmn? ‑Tnmhghzmh tu prnsngmbi y ng vnrjij fn
bfphrtis‖. ]hgræians i ais pnrshgis, y naais an jnvhavnrég ai shgrbsi. Ngthgmns tia vnz
qubnrig nsmum`ir ah qun ustnj tbngn qun jnmbr
jnmbr.. Krÿgzians na mnùh i ais pnrshgis, y naahs an
krugmbrég na mnùh i ustnj, y sn ianoirég jn su fngsion.
^gi shgrbsi kiasi mrni jnsmhgigzi. \nrh ugi shgrbsi sbgmnri y rnia ns phjnrhsi. @imn
méabjh na mhrizýg kræh jn ai cngtn y ah idrn piri na nvigcnabh. ^gi gbùi jboh qun nstidi
sncuri jn qun Onsÿs shgrnæi. Muigjh an prncugtirhg mýfh sidæi nsth, naai rnsphgjbý?
‑\hrqun ahs gbùhs sn imnrmidig i Onsÿs. ]b sn `udbnri vbsth tig fiah mhfh iacughs
ijuaths, ¡ahs gbùhs `idræig `ubjh jn Âa!‖.
^g prhvnrdbh m`bgh jbmn? ‑^gi pnrshgi qun gh shgræn gh jndnræi idrbr ug gnchmbh‖.
Jna fbsfh fhjh, ug prhvnrdbh mrbstbigh ns? ‑^gi pnrshgi qun gh shgræn gh jndnræi
prnjbmir na nvigcnabh‖.
Ghti? \isthr, sb ustnj prnjbmi nsths prbgmbpbhs, paignn ug jrifi h ug væjnh. ]b jnsni,
vni ug nonfpah ng bgcaâs?
`ttp?//www.yhutudn.mhf/witm`8v6JAukgpasp-N

924 Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

\
jn;0
¸Na chzh jnpngjn
ais mbrmugstigmbis
mbrmugstigmbis8
8 Ng iacugis
gh jnpngjn hmisbhgns
jn ais gh nstifhs
mbrmugstigmbis. mhfh
Gh ns piritngnfhs
ah qun sngtbrghs chzhshs.
h jýgjn Iug isæ,
nstifhs tngnr
ah qun ghschzh
trin
¸Muéans shg ais jhs maivns
piri nstir chzhsh8
knabmbjij. @iy tigti cngtn knabz ngtrn ahs phdrns mhfh ngtrn ahs rbmhs. Na rny Imid nri
rbmh. \nrh ahs pngsifbngths jn mhjbmbi ah aanvirhg i ai trbstnzi phrqun
mhjbmbý ai vbùi jn Gidht, ug `hfdrn phdrn (9 T 49). Nstir chzhsh ns ugi
jnmbsbýg. Na chzh ns shah ug kruth jn ahs gunvn jna Nspærbtu ]igth. \nrh na
Nspærbtu ]igth nspnri piri prhjumbr chzh ng su vbji `isti muigjh ustnj
mhaidhrn mhg Âa y ig`nan nstn juamn kruth. Ai fiyhræi
f iyhræi jn ais pnrshgis shg
tig knabmns mhfh jnmbjig snrah. Fbngtris pnrfignmæig ngmijngijhs ng
ugi prbsbýg y mhg ai nspiaji sigcrigjh jndbjh i ugi drutia chapbzi, \idah
y ]bais migtirhg iaidigzis i ai fnjbighm`n. Jn thjhs ahs ipýsthans, \idah
kun na qun fés sukrbý. Iug isæ, sn an mhghmn mhfh na ipýstha jna chzh.chzh. Âa
nsmrbdbý qun iprngjbý i nstir mhgtngth y icrijnmbjh ng thjis ais
sbtuimbhgns. ¸Muéa nri su snmrnth8 \idah primtbmý pngsir ng ais mhsis
dungiss jn ai vbji (Kba :?0). Ahs dungh
dungi dunghss sngtb
sngtbfbngt
fbngthshs sbcun
sbcungg ia
pngsifbng
pngsi fbngth
th mhrr
mhrrnmth.
nmth. Ia pngsi
pngsirr ng thjh ah purh, ifid
ifidan,
an, vbrtu
vbrtuhsh
hsh y
jbcgh jn iaidigzi, ahs sngtbfbngths jn piz y chzh aangig gunstrh
mhrizýg (Kba :?;-2).
Tnsufng
 ¸\hr quâ ns qun nstir chzhsh ns tig bfphrtigtn8 Na hm`ngti phr mbngth jn
Kbcuri ;.4> Figtngci ugi imtbtuj jn ai mhfugbmimbýg ns gh vnrdia. Zngnr ugi migmbýg ng su mhrizýg, ugi imtbtuj
iaidigzi y ugi shgrbsi ng su rhstrh. jn iaidigzi y ugi shgrbsi ng su rhstrh jbmng fés qun ais piaidris qun ustnj
prhgugmbi.
prhgu gmbi. Ais pnrsh
pnrshgis
gis sn ianoig jn ug cruùý
cruùýg.
g. ^g mnùh krugmbjh jbmn?
‑]hy bgknabz y nsthy jnsigbfijh. \nrfignzmi ianoijh. ^stnj gh fn custi‖. Yunoirsn ns
\ ;2 ¸Ng quâ sn
jbknrngmbi na fngsion mhfh migtir kunri jn thgh5 gijbn qubnrn nsmum`ir. \nrh ugi pnrshgi chzhsi itrin i htris.
bfpaæmbth jn ug mnùh krugmbjh ^gi shgrbsi jbmn? ‑Rh jbskruth jn ai vbji. ^stnj fn icriji. Nsthy knabz jn vnrah‖. Isæ
jna fngsion jn ugi shgrbsi8 qun, sb ustnj nsté knabz, ¡rnâonah ng su rhstrh! Tnnon na chzh jna ]nùhr.
\ 3< Mhfpantn ai curi ;.4; mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs
shdrn nstir chzhshs.
Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis
¸\hr quâ na ]nùhr ngvbý snrpbngtns vngnghsis i
Gf 49?:-2
fhrjnr i iacughs jn ahs bsrinabtis8
¸Mhghmn ustnj i pnrshgis ijbgnrijis tig
9 T 49
bgknabmns mhfh na rny Imid8 Nxpabqun.
@id =?93-90
=?93-90 ¸Yuâ anmmbýg
anmmbýg vn ng @idimum
@idimum =?93-908
=?93-908
¸Ng quâ mbrmugstigmbis shrprngjngtns ghs jbmn
Ft >?99-94
Onsÿs qun ghs rnchmbonfhs8
¸Dioh quâ mbrmugstigmbis bgusuians sn rnchmboirhg
@m` 9;?4>
\idah y ]bais8 ¸Muéa kun na rnsuatijh8
Isæ mhfh ai auz jbsbpi
jbsbpi ais tbgbndais, na chzh (@ici ugi mhfpirimbýg)
Kba 4?9:
ais qunois.
¸Yuâ imtbtuj ns tig bfphrtigtn qun \idah ai
Kba :?:
fngmbhgi jhs vnmns ng gunvn piaidris8
4 Mh ;?9< ¸Ns phsbdan qun ai trbstnzi sn fnzman mhg na
chzh8 Nxpabqun.
¸\idah ghs igbfi i jir sb gh ghs sngtbfhs
4 Mh 2?;- 3
chzhshs ia rnspnmth8 Nxpabqun.
¸Muégjh ns ai vhaugtij jn Jbhs qun
9 Zs >?9;,90
nstnfhs chzhshs8
¸\hr quâ ]igtbich jbmn qun jndnfhs
]tc 9?4-=
rnchmboirghs, iug ng ais prundis8
Kbcuri ;.4; \rimtbqun igiabzigjh ahs vnrsæmuahs imnrmi jn nstir chzhshs.
chzhshs.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 92=

^g jæi na pisthr ]purcnhg mifbgidi phr ugi miaan. ^g gbùh qun fbridi i trivâs jn
ugi vngtigi an shgrbý. Âa mhg
sn jntuvh y anyjnvhavbý
ai midnzi ai shgrbsi.
na gbùh `bzh Ngthgmns
ah fbsfh. \rhgth]purcnhg
ug sncugjh siaujý
gbùh
ipirnmbý. ]purcnhg an shgrbý y na gbùh an jnvhavbý ai
shgrbsi. ]purcnhg ah siaujý mhg ai midnzi y na gbùh an \ 39 ¸\hr quâ ugi
shgrbsi itrin fés i ais
jnvhavbý na siaujh. Ah fbsfh hmurrbý trns vnmns fés y
pnrshgis qun ug
na gÿfnrh jn gbùhs qun shgrnæig phr ai vngtigi mnùh krugmbjh8
ismngjbý `isti mbgmh. \hr ÿatbfh, ugi jifi ipirnmbý
ng ai vngtigi ougth i ahs gbùhs. ]purcnhg gh sidæi \ 34 ¸Mýfh kun qun na
pisthr ]purcnhg itrioh i ugi
quâ `imnr. Âa gh qunræi qun ai fijrn pngsiri qun an kifbabi ngtnri i Mrbsth sbg
mhquntnidi. \nrh ]purcnhg sidæi qun ahs gbùhs jnmbr ugi shai piaidri8
nstidig i ai nspnri jn qun ans shgrbnri y ahs siaujiri.
Isæ qun, âa siaujý i ahs gbùhs. Ngthgmns ai fijrn
hdsnrvý qun ]purcnhg
aanvidi ugi Dbdabi fbngtris
sn jbrbcæi ia tnfpah. Na
Kbcuri ;.43 sbcubngtn jhfbgch, ahs
M`irans @. ]purcnhg aanvý i ugi
mbgmh gbùhs fbridig
kifbabi i Mrbsth ia snr ifbcidan. phr ai vngtigi muigjh
na pisthr ]purcnhg
pisý mifbgigjh. Âa ans shgrbý y naahs ah sbcubnrhg `isti nnaa
tnfpah. Jbskrutirhg jna muath y ans jbonrhg i sus pijrns qun
jndæig vbsbtir na tnfpah. Kbgiafngtn, na pijrn y ai fijrn
kunrhg mhg ahs gbùhs y thjhs sn mhgvbrtbnrhg i Mrbsth.
\ 3= ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh = nsti snfigi. Igtns
jn aancir i ai prýxbfi maisn mhgtnstn ais prncugtis 3: i 30 jn
ai anmmbýg 43, mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi ;.40 imnrmi jn su fnohr
nonfpah jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh = shdrn snr ifbcidan.

Anmmbýg
]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan.

43 Hdontbvh I?
Hdontbvh Bgjbmir iacugis
D? Baustrir rizhgnsi piri
ai mhgidbabjij pirtbrsnr
jn mhgidan
nonfpahs yjniacugis fignris
ai Dbdabi, jn htrhsjny snrah.
jn su fbgbstnrbh.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg 4;. Zhfn jn jbnz i qubgmn fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs
nstujbigtns mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh =.
\ 3: Mhfpantn ai curi ;.40 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn
y qun miji ugh thfn jhs fbguths piri mhfpirtbr su `bsthrbi shdrn snr ifbcidan.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh =

(^stnj mhfpirtbré nsti `bsthrbi ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh
y aunch su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng su `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai)

Kbcuri ;.40 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

92: Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh =

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh =?

Kbcuri ;.40 \rémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh

prbgmbpbh =? sni ifbcidan5 funstrn ugi shgrbsi, gh ug mnùh krugmbjh
krugmbjh..
(]u `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths).
\ 3> ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis shdrn na prbgmbpbh = piri thji ai maisn

\ 3; ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 33 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri ;.42 Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh =.

Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg 43? ]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth, na, mhgsnmungtn y idan.
\ 30 Ng ai curi ;.=< ¸muéans shg ahs muitrh prbgmbpbhs qun nstifhs nstujbigjh ng nstn
mipætuah8 Mhfpantn ai tidai.
Mipætuah Anmmbhgns \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =.
43 :.
40 >. ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
42 ;. ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn sus kifbabis.
=< 3. ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
 Kbcuri ;.=< Gunvn prbgmbpbhs
prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4: =4).

I. Muitrh rizhgns piri qun ug aæjnr nspbrbtuia sni mhgidan.

\ 32 Muigjh nsmhcng i Ai cngtn sbcun i iqunaahs ng ahs qun mhgkæi. Ai mhgigzi ns na pncifngth qun
ug aæjnr, ¸ng quâ sn pirnmng
figtbngn ugbjis ais rnaimbhgns. Jhgjn gh `iy mhgigzi, gh `iy rnaimbýg, gb mhg Jbhs
ais pnrshgis i ais hvnois8
gb mhg ahs `ufighs. ]ni `hgnsth. ]ni ah qun ustnj irfi snr. \rimtbqun ah qun prnjbmi.
\ 0< ¸Mýfh sidrég ais Mufpai sus prhfnsis. \icun sus mungtis. \rnpérnsn dbng. Figtâgcisn hrigjh. Mubjn
pnrshgis sb punjng mhgir su rnputimbýg. \rimtbqun ais jbsmbpabgis nspbrbtuians. Nstidanzmi ug nonfpah mhgidan
ng ustnj8
y ngmhfbidan.
Ng ai pirédhai jna mipætuah 9< jn Ouig, ¸phr quâ ais hvnois sn gncidig i sncubr i
ug nxtriùh, pnrh jnmbjbnrhg sncubr ia pisthr8 ¸Mýfh sn ipabmi nsth i ais pnrshgis qun
sbcung i ug aæjnr8
\ 09 Ng ais rnaimbhgns, Jbhs y ais pnrshgis mhgstruyng ais rnaimbhgns shdrn ai kjnabjij, ng ai rhmi y
¸quâ hmurrn muigjh ugi
gh ng ai irngi. I fnghs qun ais pnrshgis snig nans y mhgidans, ais rnaimbhgns sn
pnrshgi tribmbhgi ai
mhgigzi8 jnrrufdig mhfh ugi misi mhgstrubji shdrn ai irngi. Muigjh ais pnrshgis tribmbhgig ai
mhgigzi, ais rnaimbhgns tnrfbgig ng snpirimbhgns, jbvhrmbhs, jnscrimbis y jnsistrns.
\ 04 ]b ai cngtn Jbhs rnjbfbý i ugi gimbýg jn ai nsmaivbtuj ng Ncbpth. Ahs nsmhcbý piri ugi rnaimbýg
mhgidan kunri mhfÿg, ¸ahs
nspnmbia. Âa qunræi snr su Jbhs y qun naahs kunrig su pundah. \nrh jndbjh i qun kunrhg
ousths rnspaigjnmnræig
rnspaigjnmnræig mhfh bgnans y phmh mhgidans ng sus jnmbsbhgns, Âa snpuatý i ughs jhs fbaahgns jn naahs ng
nstrnaais8 (Kba 4?9>) Nxpabqun. na jnsbnrth, ng aucir jn jirans ai `nrngmbi qun `idæi paignijh piri naahs. Ng muiaqubnr
rnaimbýg, ai mhgigzi ns ai mirimtnræstbmi fés bfphrtigtn. ¸Ais pnrshgis krhtiræig ahjh ng
su prhpbi miri8 ¸Jnstrubræig su prhpbh jbgnrh8 ¸Yunfiræig sus jbpahfis, sus mnrtbmijhs,

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 92>

sus mrnjngmbians fbgbstnrbians y mnrtbmijhs jn fitrbfhgbh8 ]bg nfdirch, fum`hs

nsmhcng jnstrubr sus fbgbstnrbhs, sus kifbabis, sus jbsmæpuahs y su kuturh ia snr bgnans y
gh mhgidans. Jnsjn na Njâg `isti na tnaýg gia, ai `bsthrbi jn ai `ufigbjij nsté aangi jn
pnrshgis
pnrshg is bgjbcgis jn mhgigzi. [ [nrjijn
nrjijnrifngtn
rifngtn,, ahs ousth
ousthss drbaaig mhfh nstrnaais ng ug
fugjh mhrrupth y pnrvnrsh (Kba 4?9>). Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, qunrnfhs ngkitbzir na `nm`h jn
qun, sb ustnj ns mhgidan, ns ugi pnrshgi ngtrn ais 9< <<< qun gh shg jbcgis jn mhgigzi.
Ais pnrshgis oustis y mhgidans shg tig nsmisis ng gunstri shmbnjij, qun rnspaigjnmng
mhfh nstrnaais ng ug fugjh hsmurh. ¸Tnspaigjnmnré ustnj mhfh ugi nstrnaai shaumbýg jn
Jbhs h sn mhgvnrtbré ng pirtn jna hsmurh prhdanfi qun mudrn ai tbnrri8
Ahs aæjnrns jndng snr mhgidans piri prhtncnr su bgungmbi. Ri mhfpantifhs \ 0= ¸Mýfh ns qun na
mirémtnr jna fngsionrh iknmti
iacugis anmmbhgns shdrn na mirémtnr. \nrh vhavnfhs i ngkitbzir su bfphrtigmbi ia
ai imnptimbýg jna nvigcnabh8
mhgsbjnrir prbgmbpbhs maivn piri rnaimbhgirghs mhg htrhs. Ng iacugis muaturis, ai
mhgigzi sn itrbduyn
itrbduyn,, iug igtns jn cigirai. \nrh ai mhgigzi gugmi sn figtbngn
nstétbmi.. Iufngti h jbsfbguyn, jnpngjbngjh jn ai jnabjij jn miji pnrshgi. ¸\hr quâ
nstétbmi
jndnfhs snr mhgidans8 Ai mhgigzi idrn ais punrtis jna mhrizýg jn ais pnrshgis `imbi
na fngsionrh, na fngsion, na Nspærbtu ]igth y i rnaimbhgns kunrtns. Tnmunrjn ais piaidris
jn Mrbsth imnrmi jn ahs aæjnrns ng qubngns ais pnrshgis gh punjng mhgir?
9
‑Ngthgmns `idaý Onsÿs i ai cngtn y i sus jbsmæpuahs, jbmbngjh? 4 Ng ai métnjri
métnjri jn \ 0: ¸Mýfh kun qun ahs

Fhbsâs sn sbngtig ahs nsmrbdis y ahs kirbsnhs. = Isæ qun, thjh ah qun hs jbcig qun kirbsnhs ng ahs jæis jn Mrbsth
figtuvbnrhg su phjnr y su
cuirjâbs, cuirjijah y `imnjah5 fis gh `icébs mhgkhrfn i sus hdris, phrqun phsbmbýg, pnrh pnrjbnrhg
pnrjbnrhg
jbmng, y gh `imng. : \hrqun itig
itig mircis
mircis pnsijis y jbkæmbans
jbkæmbans jn aanvir,
aanvir, y ais phgng su bgungmbi8
shdrn ahs
ahs `hfdrh
`hfdrhss jn ahs `hfdr
`hfdrns5
ns5 pnrh naahs gb mhg ug jnjh qubnr
qubnrng
ng fhvnrais.
>
Igtns, `imng thjis sus hdris piri snr vbsths phr ahs `hfdrns. \uns ngsigm`ig
sus aimtnrbis, y nxtbngjng
nxtbngjng ahs nmhs jn ssus figths5 ; y ifig
us figths5 ifig ah
ahss prbfnrhs
prbfnrhs isbngths
ng ais mngis, y ais prbfnris sbaais ng ais sbgichcis, 3 y ais siautimbhgns ng ais
paizis, y qun ahs `hfdrns
`hfdrns ahs aaifng?
aaifng? Tidæ, Tidæ‖ (Ft 4=?9-3).
4=?9-3).
Onsÿs rnprngjbý i ahs finstrhs jn ai any y i ahs kirbsnhs phrqun naahs gh nrig mhgidans.
Zngæig phsbmbýg y phjnr, pnrh `idæig pnrjbjh su bgungmbi. Gh primtbmidig ah qun ans
jnmæig i htrhs qun `bmbnrig. Nrig `bpýmrbtis, bgmipimns jn cubir ng ai sngji ia mbnah. ]b
ai cngtn sbcubnri i nsths cuæis mbnchs, thjhs tnrfbgiræig miyngjh ng ug phzh prhkugjh
`ufnigtn (Ft 9>?9:5 Am ;?=2).
Jbhs nxbcn qun ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians snig mhgidans (9 Mh :?4). Nsth ns \ 0> ¸Mýfh sn
idshautifngtn gnmnsirbh. Na Zhjhphjnrhsh ah nxbcn. Ng ais shmbnjijns hmmbjngtians, vbgmuai ai mhgigzi mhg ais
rnaimbhgns ng su muaturi8
ai mhgigzi sn ahcri. Ais pnrshgis sn cigig ai mhgigzi phr fnjbh jn su jnsnfpnùh.
Mufpang sus mhfprhfbshs, ai dungi rnputimbýg sn cigi, prhtncng ahs snmrnths h ahs isugths
mhgjngmbians, mufpang mhg sus jndnrns i tbnfph y fignoig ahs khgjhs jn ahs prhynmths
mhg rngjbmbýg jn mungtis. R ng ais shmbnjijns jn cruphs, mhfh ng Isbi, Ékrbmi y Ifârbmi
Aitbgi, ai mhgigzi nsté mbfngtiji shdrn ais rnaimbhgns. ]n mrni y vi mrnmbngjh i fnjbji
qun sn jnsirrhaaig ais rnaimbhgns. Ai mhgigzi thfi tbnfph. Ns mhfh ug dung ghfdrn,
qun thfi iùhs piri njbmirsn, sncugjhs piri irrubgirsn y thji ugi vbji piri rnpirirsn.
Ai mhgigzi ns mhfh ug nspnoh, ustnj punjn irrncairai muigjh sn rhfpn, pnrh \ 0; ¸Ng quâ sn pirnmn
thjivæi punjn vnr ai crbnti ng na rnnoh jna tribjhr. ai mhgigzi i ug nspnoh8
Zngci mubjijh jn gh jnstrubr ai mhgigzi ia `imnr ai fés fægbfi prhfnsi h, bgmaush \ 03 ¸Muéans shg
iacugis maivns piri
ia fngmbhgir ugi phsbdan iyuji, i fnghs qun ustnj tngci ai sncurbjij jn qun vi i
snr mhgidans8
phjnr mufpabrai. ¸\hr quâ8 \hrqun ng iacugis muaturis, fngmbhgir ugi phsbdbabjij ns
ugi4prhfnsi jâdba,snpnrh
‑I`hri dbng, gh hdstigtn, ns ugi prhfnsi.
rnqubnrn jn ahs ijfbgbstrijhrns, qun miji ugh sni `iaaijh na.
=Rh ng fuy phmh tngch na snr ouzcijh phr vhshtrhs, h phr trbdugia `ufigh5 y gb
iug yh fn ouzch i fæ fbsfh. : \hrqun iugqun jn giji tngch fiai mhgmbngmbi,
mhgmbngmbi, gh
phr nsh shy oustbmijh5
oustbmijh5 pnrh na qun :?4-:).
qun fn ouzci ns na ]nùhr‖ (9 Mh :?4-:).

92; Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

\ 00 ¸Yuâ jntnrfbgi sb Jbhs an iùijn ia jbabcngtn, pnrh an rnsti ia gncabcngtn (Ft 4>?9:-=<). ]b ug aæjnr ns
Jbhs an iùijn i su fbgbstnrbh bgna, Jbhs sn ipirtiré jn âa, isæ mhfh sn ipirtý jn ahs `bohs jn Naæ, jn ]igsýg, jn ahs
h an rnsti i nstn8 Baustrn.
rnyns jna rnbgh jn ghrtn, jna rny ]iÿa, jn ahs kirbsnhs y jn Oujis. Jbhs ans rnsti i ahs qun
gh shg nans gb mhgidans. \hr na mhgtrirbh, Jbhs ans iùijn i ahs aæjnrns ng ahs qun punjn
mhgir. Âa an qubtiré na ÿgbmh tiangth ia sbnrvh bgna y sn ah jiré ia qun `i sbjh na mhg
sus jbnz tiangths. Jbhs an qubti ia gncabcngtn, pnrh an iùijn ia jbabcngtn.
\ 02 Mhfpantn ai curi ;.=9 shdrn ais fitnfétbmis nspbrbtuians jn Jbhs.
Tnknrngmbi ]us rnsÿfngns jn phr quâ Jbhs ans iùijn h ans rnsti i ahs aæjnrns
9 ] 4?43-=;
9 ] 9>
Ft 49?:=
Ft 4>?9:-=<
Am 9;?9<
Kbcuri ;.=9 \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh ais vnmns ng qun Jbhs ans iùijbý h ans rnstý i ahs aæjnrns.
Aæjnr nspbrbtuia, qubngqubnri qun sni na ng ah phmh, snré na ng ah fum`h (Am 9;?9<).
]ni mhgidan ng ais rnsphgsidbabjijns fés pnqunùis qun Jbhs an ji. Âa nsté ng dusmi jn
Kbcuri ;.=4 `hfdrns y fuonrns ng ahs qun punji mhgir. ]ni na ng ah phmh y Jbhs ah ugcbré,
aiNg ugijn
maisn rnaimbýg,
pnrshgisni
ng iufngtiré
ouzciré y ahsumistbc
bgungmbi
mistbciré. y nxpigjbré
iré. Idusn su fbgbstnrbh.
jn su phsbmbý
phsbmbýg hjnr yZritn
g y pphjnr JbhsianJbhs mhg jnsprnmbh
isbcgiré y Âaahs
ug aucir ngtrn ah
ai qun htrhs punjng
sngtbr mhgigzi. ]ni
jnshdnjbngtns. @hgrn i Jbhs y Âa ah `hgriré i ustnj.
tig mhgidan mhfh na ^gi pnqunùi gbùi y su pijrn mruzidig ug pungtn. Na pipé nstidi bgqubnth y an jboh i
ifignmnr. su pnqunùi `boi? ‑Ifhr, phr kivhr thfi fb figh piri qun gh tn mibcis ia icui‖. Ai
gbùbti jboh? ‑Gh, pipé. Icirri tÿ fb figh‖. ‑¸Muéa ns ai jbknrngmbi8‖, prncugtý na pijrn.
‑@iy ugi crig jbknrngmbi‖, rnsphgjbý ai pnqunùi. ‑]b yh icirrh tu figh, phjræi shatirfn.
\nrh sb tÿ thfis fb figh, nsthy sncuri jn qun, sbg bfphrtir ah qun hmurri, tÿ gugmi fn
shatirés jn tu figh‖. Na pijrn nri
mhfpantifngtn mhgidan. Ng fum`is
\ 2< ¸Yuâ mhghmbfbngth rnaimbhgns, ugi pnrshgi ns fés kunrtn qun ai
baustrý ai pnqunùi gbùi htri. \æjian i Jbhs qun an iyujn i snr
imnrmi jn ai mhgigzi8
mhgidan. Nxæoisn fés i sæ fbsfh jn ah qun
\ 29 ¸Mýfh punjn nspnri jn ahs jnfés. \hgci fés ng miji
ustnj rnmhghmnr i ugi rnaimbýg jn ah qun nspnri jn nsti. ]ni nsi
pnrshgi mhgidan8 pnrshgi ng qun htrhs punjig mhgir. ZhZhfn
fn
ai figh jn ai pnrshgi i qubng ifi, ng vnz
jn nspnrir qun htrhs thfng ai suyi. ]ni tig
mhgidan mhfh ai siabji jna sha. R sbnfprn
nstâ sncurh jn qun Jbhs an jiré ai kunrzi y
ai sidbjuræi piri snr mhgidan.
D. [ni nonfpah
nonfpahss ng ai Dbdabi jna prbgmbpbh : shdrn snr mhgidan.
 \ 24 Mhfpantn ai curi ;.=: mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs
shdrn na prbgmbpbh :.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis

Jbhs ouzcý i ai kifbabi jn Naæ phr gh snr mhgidan gb na (9 ] =?9=). Jbhs rnm`izý i ]iÿa phr snr ug rny
9 ] 4?=< jnshdnjbngtn n bgna (9 ] 9>?4=, 4;). Jbhs an qubtý i ]iahfýg hgmn jn ais jhmn trbdus, puns âa kun sidbh pnrh
bgna i Jbhs (9 T 99?9-9=). ¸I qubâg ugcbré y `hgriré Jbhs8
Am 9;?9< ¸Muéa ns ai maivn piri snr mhgidan ng ahs isugths bfphrtigtns8
Og 0?42 ¸\hr quâ Jbhs sbnfprn nstuvh prnsngtn mhg Onsÿs8
O nsÿs8
Th 9:?9<-94 ¸Mýfh ghs fhtbvi nstn pision i snr mhgidans y nans8
Kbcuri ;.=: Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 923

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis
Ai muiabjij fés nsngmbia jn ug sbnrvh ns snr mhgidan. ¸Yuâ anmmbýg ngkitbzý na ]nùhr ng Fitnh 4>?9:-=< y ng
9 Mh :?4
Aumis 92?99-438
92?99-438
9 Mh 2?43 ¸Yuâ fhtbvh ia ipýstha \idah i snr na y mhgidan8
9 Mh 9<?9-94
9<?9-94 ¸Yuâ anmmbýg
anmmbýg jndnfhs
jndnfhs iprng
iprngjnr
jnr jn ai `bsthrbi
`bsthrbi jn Bsrina8
Bsrina8
4 Mh >?9<
>?9< ¸Yuâ fhtbvi
fhtbvimbýg
mbýg shdrbi
shdrbi pr
prhphrmb
hphrmbhgi
hgi na oubmbh
oubmbh igtn na trbdugia
trbdugia jn Mrbsth
Mrbsth i ahs sbnrvhs
sbnrvhs jn Jbhs8
Jbhs8
9 Zb =?4 ¸Yuâ jbmn nstn pision imnrmi jna snr mhgidan8
9 \ =?94
=?94 ¸Muéa
¸Muéa ns ai
ai imtbtu
imtbtuj
j jn Jbhs
Jbhs `i
`imbi
mbi ahs
ahs fiabc
fiabcghs
ghs,, pnmifb
pnmifbghs
ghshs
hs n bgous
bgousths
ths8
8
Kbcuri ;.=: \rimtbqun jnsmudrbngjh
jnsmudrbngjh nonfpahs jna prbgmbpbh : ng ais Nsmrbturis.
M. [ni nonfpahs jna prbgmbpbh : shdrn snr mhgidan ng ai vbji jn htrhs `hy.
\ 2= ¸Muéa kun ai maivn jn ai prhjumtbvbjij jn Ouabh8

Nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh :

¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 I ah airch jn ug pnrbhjh jn qubgmn iùhs.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng Ifârbmi Aitbgi.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 Ouabh y htrhs qun ah mhghmæig.
¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi) Ouabh an `idæi ngtrncijh su vbji i Mrbsth i ai njij jn
hm`h iùhs. Jnsjn qun nri gbùh, âa iprngjbý i snr `hgnsth, jbabcngtn y na. Ng ai nsmunai, muigjh
sus finstrhs an isbcgidig ugi tirni, âa ai mufpaæi. Ng su misi, hdnjnmæi i sus pijrns. Nri na mhg
hmuiaqubnr
mubjir jnrnsphgsidbabjij
sus `nrfighs yqun an jbnrigfnghrns.
`nrfigis su pijrnJn
h su fijrn
ohvng, mhfh
Ouabh simir ai
mhgtbguý disuri, abfpbir
fnohrigjh su muirth
ng muigth i snr
jbcgh jn mhgigzi. Muigjh na pisthr an pnjæi qun iyujiri i abfpbir na tnfpah, âa nri na. Muigjh
ngsnùý ng ugi maisn piri gbùhs fés oývngns, sn cigý ugi dungi rnputimbýg. Isæ qun, gh kun shrprnsi
piri gijbn muigjh ai mhgcrncimbýg ah prnfbý mhg ugi dnmi piri qun isbstbnri i ug ]nfbgirbh Dædabmh.
R, mhfh nri jn nspnrir, Ouabh mhgtbguý sbngjh na ng thjis ais érnis. Âa sn nskhrzidinskhrzidi fum`h ng
iprngjnr thjh ah qun phjæi. Nri mhgidan ng sus rnaimbhgns mhg ais snùhrbtis i ais qun âa ans custidi.
Nstidi sbnfprn prnpirijh muigjh fbgbstridi snfigi tris snfigi ng ugi mhgcrncimbýg ng misi.
Muigjh nstidi phr crijuirsn, ai pnqunùi mhgcrncimbýg, `idæi mrnmbjh `isti tngnr vnbgtn pnrshgis.
Jndbjh i su jnabjij, naahs an pbjbnrhg qun kunri su pisthr, y âa imnptý ai bgvbtimbýg. ^g iùh jnspuâs
mhgtrioh fitrbfhgbh. @hy, âa ns mhghmbjh mhfh ug nsphsh na, ug pijrn mhgidan y ug ifijh pisthr
jn ugi mhgcrncimbýg jn mbng pnrshgis. R su bgungmbi y fbgbstnrbh mhgtbgÿig mrnmbngjh.
Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh :? Ai `bsthrbi jn Ouabh gh ns gb nspnmtimuair gb jrifétbmi. \nrh ns ug
nonfpah jn ugi pnrshgi qun primtbmý p rimtbmý snr mhgidan iùh tris iùh. Mhfh rnsuatijh, Jbhs pujh dngjnmbr
su vbji y `imnr qun kunri ugi dngjbmbýg piri htrhs. Mhg pnrshgis nans mhfh Ouabh, ai hdri jn Jbhs
ivigzi mhg ugi dungi rnputimbýg.
Kbcuri ;.=> Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh : imnrmi jn snr mhgidan ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
Bficægnsn nsn crig jæi ng na mbnah muigjh thjhs ahs sbnrvhs nans y mhgidans sn
pirng ougths
ougths igtn na trhgh jn Jbhs
Jbhs.. ¡Bficægnsn ai cahrbi, na `hghr y na rnchmboh jjnn nsn jæi!
Onsÿs idrbré ifpabifngtn sus drizhs y ghs jbré?
‑Dbng, dung sbnrvh y na5 shdrn phmh `is sbjh na, shdrn fum`h tn phgjrâ5 ngtri \ 2: ¸Ougth i quâ
ng na chzh jn tu snùhr‖ (Ft 4>?4=).
4>?4=). aæjnrns mhgidans an custiræi
i ustnj pirirsn mnrmi ng
Zhjhs ahs aæjnrns nans jn ai Dbdabi y i ah airch jn thji ai `bsthrbi nstirég iaaæ. Figtngci na mbnah8
sbnfprn nsti vbsbýg ng su fnfhrbi. \nrfbti qun nsti vbsbýg ah bgspbrn y vbvi phr nsti. ]ni
mhfh \idah, qubng sbnfprn tuvh prnsngtn su prnfbh `isti na gia jn su mirrnri (Kba =?9:5
9 Mh 2?4:). ]ni mhgidan. Mhrri ijnmuijifngtn miji jæi. ]ni cubijh phr na Nspærbtu
]igth, gh phr ai mirgn. Znrfbgn mhrrnmtifngtn su mirrnri, sbg irrnpngtbfbngths. ¡Gh sn
pbnrji na mbnah i miusi jn nstn fugjh!
\ 2>
mhgtnstn
ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh : nsti snfigi. Igtns jn aancir i ai prýxbfi maisn
ais prncugtis : i 3 jn ai anmmbýg 40, mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi 3.4 imnrmi jn su fnohr
nonfpah jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh : shdrn snr mhgidan.

920 Mipætuah ; Abjnrizch 9

Iuthnviauimbýg? Jbduon ug mærmuah iarnjnjhr jn ai antri qun mhfpantn fnohr miji prncugti
h jnmairimbýg?
9. Ahs qun primtbmig ugi gunvi `idbabjij ;. ¸Yuâ nonfpah dædabmh ghs ngsnùi i nvbtir
krnmungtnfngtn sn sbngtng ai mrætbmi8
i) ghrfians. i) Na fiyhrjhfh bgousth
d) sÿpnr mhgkbijhs. d) Oujis, na tribjhr
m) tnfnrhshs. m) Ahs jhs jnujhrns
j) kiashs. j) Ianoigjrh, na ppaitnrh
aitnrh
4. ¸\hr quâ ahs aæjnrns jndng vnr ais pnrspnmtbvis jn 3. ¸Muéa nri ai maivn jn Onsÿs piri cigir i
ahs jnfés8 ahs pnmijhrns8
i) \iri prhdir qu
qunn su rizhgifb
rizhgifbngth
ngth ns bbgmhrrnmth.
gmhrrnmth. i) ]nr ifbcidan.
d) \iri `imnrans pngsir qun sus mrnngmbis sæ bfphrtig. d) ]nr sigth.
m) \hrqun ais pnrshg
pnrshgisis gh ah sncu
sncubrég
brég `isti qun ppunjig
unjig m) ]nr snvnrh.
mifbgir ougth i âa. j) ]nr rbcurhsh.
j) \hrqun i ais pnrs
pnrshgis
hgis ans bfphrti su prhpbh pupugth
gth jn
vbsti fés jn ah qun i ustnj an bfphrti na suyh. 0. ¸Yuâ mhfugbmi ai ifidbabjij8
=. ¸Yubâg primtbmý vnr ai vbji i trivâs jn ahs hohs i) Oustbmbi
jn htrhs8 d) Kbjnabjij
i) Ghâ m) Jbabcngmbi
d) Cnjnýg j) Chzh
m) Diaiif
j) Nznquæis 2. ¸Yuâ curi usifhs piri baustrir ai gnmnsbjij jn
snr mhgidans8
:. ¸Muéa kun ai maivn piri ai shaumbýg jn ai phabcifbi i) \nrrhs
ngtrn ahs fisébs8 d) Hvnois
i) Nsmum`ir m) Cigijh
d) \rnjbmir j) \éoirhs
m) Annr ais Nsmrbturis
j) Hrir 9<. ¸\hr quâ Onsÿs ans jboh i ais pnrshgis qun gh bfbtirig
>. Baustrifhs ai mrætbmi mhg i ahs kirbsnhs8
i) ugi nspiji. i) I naahs ans kiatidig ai phsbmbýg y na phjnr.
d) ugi kanm`i. d) Naahs ghs mhghmæig ais Nsmrbturis.
m) ugi risurijhri. m) Naahs gh primtbmidig ah qun prnjbmidig.
j) ug dufnrigc. j) Naahs gh kunrhg aaifijhs phr Jbhs.
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 9 922

Znfis piri na ngsiyh? Nsmrbdi jn >< i 9<< piaidris jn miji ugh jn ahs jhmn hdontbvhs qun
nstujbý ng nstn mipætuah. (0 pugths phr miji ugh fés : pugths critbs).
• Nxpabmir phr quâ primtbmir ugi gunvi `idbabjij punjn pirnmnr kiasi ia prbgmbpbh y phr quâ nsti prémtbmi gh ns kiasi.
• Jir jhs rizhgns piri vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htri pnrshgi y jhs fignris jn vnrah.
• Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 9 i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
• Tnsufbr mýfh nsmum`ir ghs pnrfbtn vnr na pugth jn vbsti jn htrhs y ahs prnpiri i naahs piri vnr gunstrh pugth
jn vbsti.

• Bjngtbmir iacugis rizhgns piri nvbtir ai mrætbmi y ugi fignri jn nvbtirai.

• Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 4 i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
• Bjngtbmir rizhgns piri snr ifbcidan.
• Nxpabmir iacugis fignris jn snr ifbcidan ng su muaturi.
• Baustrir ai ifbstij i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
• Nxpabmir n baustrir ai rnaimbýg ngtrn na chzh y ai ifbstij.
• Bgjbmir iacugis rizhgns piri snr mhgidan y iacugis fignris jn snrah.
• Baustrir ai mhgidbabjij i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
 Mipætuah 3?
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais
rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4
Bgtrhjummbýg
\9 ¸\hr quâ ug aæjnr gugmi jndn rngugmbir ug augns8

9
‑Imid jbh i Onzidna ai gunvi jn thjh ah qun Naæis `idæi `nm`h, y jn
mýfh `idæi fitijh i nspiji i thjhs ahs prhkntis. 4 Ngthgmns ngvbý
Onzidna i Naæis ug fngsionrh, jbmbngjh? Isæ fn `icig ahs jbhsns, y
iug fn iùijig, sb fiùigi i nstis `hris yh gh `n punsth tu pnrshgi
mhfh ai jn ugh jn naahs.
=
[bngjh, puns, na pnabcrh, sn anvigtý y sn kun piri siavir su vbji, y
vbgh i Dnnrsndi, qun nsté ng Oujé, y jnoý iaaæ i su mrbijh. : R âa sn
kun phr na jnsbnrth ug jæi jn mifbgh, y vbgh y sn sngtý jndioh jn ug
ngndrh5 y jnsnigjh fhrbrsn, jboh? Disti yi, h` On`hvé, quætifn ai
vbji, puns gh shy yh fnohr qun fbs pijrns. > R nm`égjhsn jndioh jna
ngndrh, sn qunjý jhrfbjh5
y `n iquæ aunch ug égcna an thmý, y an jboh? Anvégtitn, mhfn. ; Ngthgmns
âa fbrý, y `n iquæ i su midnmnri ugi thrti mhmbji shdrn ais ismuis, y
ugi visboi jn icui5 y mhfbý y dndbý, y vhavbý i jhrfbrsn.
3
R vhavbngjh na égcna jn On`hvé ai sncugji vnz, ah thmý, jbmbngjh?
Anvégtitn y mhfn, phrqun airch mifbgh tn rnsti. 0 ]n anvigtý, puns,
y mhfbý y dndbý5 y khrtianmbjh mhg iqunaai mhfbji mifbgý muirngtimuirngti
jæis y muirngti ghm`ns `isti @hrnd, na fhgtn jn Jbhs. R iaaæ sn2

fntbý ng ugi munvi, jhgjn pisý ai ghm`n.

R vbgh i âa piaidri jn On`hvé, na muia an jboh? ¸Yuâ `imns iquæ, Naæis8
9< Na
rnsphgjbý? @n
rnsphgjbý? @n sngtbjh ug vbvh mnah phr On`hvé Jbhs jn ahs noârmbths5
noârmbths5 phrqun ahs `bohs jn Bsrina `ig
jnoijh tu pimth, `ig jnrrbdijh tus iatir
iatirns,
ns, y `ig fitijh i nspiji i tus prhkntis5 y sýah yh `n qunjijh,
qubtirfn ai vbji‖ (9 T 92?9-9<).
y fn dusmig piri qubtirfn 92?9-9<).
Na fés crigjn jn ahs aæjnrns jn Jbhs jndn ditiaair jurigtn ahs fhfngths jn jnségbfh y mhgtbguir mhg
nspnrigzi ng na trbugkh jna pundah jn Jbhs y jna rnbgh jn Jbhs.

]idbh jbmn? ‑Gugmi rngugmbn ug augns‖. Zýfnsn ug jæi abdrn jnspuâs jna jhfbgch qun ns na jæi fés
hmupijh jn ug pisthr y pnrfbti qun na Nspærbtu ]igth ah rnkrnsqun.

Anmmbhgns
]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y
iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
40 Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir ahs jnsikæhs jn mhgir y ais fignris jn primtbmir ai mhgigzi.
Hdontbvh D? Baustrir ai mhgigzi i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn
jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.
]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs
jn su kifbabi.
42 Hdontbvh I? Nstidanmnr iacugis
Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ahs
iacugis rizhgns piri snr pnrshgia y rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns.
ahs gunvn mhgs
mhgsnohs
nohs piri rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir ai bfphrtigmbi jn rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns usigjh nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn ahs jnfés y
jn su fbgbstnrbh.

4<<

Anmmbhgns mhgtbguimbýg
]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais rizhgns
rizhgns piri nxprnsir critbtuj.
=< Hdontbvh D? Baustrir ai nxprnsbýg jn critbtuj i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn ai vbji jn htrhs y jn su
prhpbi vbji.
]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir ais rizhgns piri jbrbcbr mhg prncugtis y nxpabmir ais maivns piri abjnrir jn
=9 nsti fignri.
Hdontbvh D? Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 0, cubigjh mhg prncugtis i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn ahs jnfés y
jn su fbgbstnrbh.

]nisu
jn sbnrvh5
absti. mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr
Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir ah qun gh sbcgbmi snrvbr y ah qun sbcgbmi.
=4 Hdontbvh D? Jir nonfpahs jn mýfh ahs sbnrvhs mhahmig ais gnmnsbjijns jn htrhs ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn
su absti.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir na snr
snrvbmbh
vbmbh i pirtbr jn no
nonfpahs
nfpahs jn ai Dbdabi,
Dbdabi, jn ai vbji jn htrhs
htrhs y jn su prhpbi vbji.
vbji.

\4 ¸Yuâ hmurrn muigjh ahs fngsionrhs jn Jbhs gh shg jbcghs jn mhgigzi8

@ici ugi mhfpirimbýg.

\= ¸Ng qubâg phjnfhs mhgir8 ¸Ng thjhs8 Nxpabqun.

Anmmbýg ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn ah gncitbvh y

iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
40 Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir ahs jnsikæhs jn mhgir y ais fignris jn primtbmir ai mhgigzi.

Hdontbvh D? Baustrir ai mhgigzi i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn htrhs y jn su fbgbstnrbh.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg 43. Zhfn jn 9< i 9> fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns
mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh : qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi.
\: Mhfpantn ai curi 3.4 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn
maisn y qun miji ugh thfn jhs fbguths piri mhfpirtbr su `bsthrbi shdrn mýfh pusbnrhg ng
prémtbmi
prém tbmi aai
i mhgigzi
mhg igzi..
Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh :
(^stnj ai mhfpirtbré ng ai maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh y aunch su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai).

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh :?

Kbcuri 3.4 \rémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh :. ]ni mhgidan, sbgmnrh, `hgnsth y na (su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguth
fbguths).
s).

4<9

4<4 Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

\> ¸Yuâ iprngjbý jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis piri thji ai maisn shdrn na prbgmbpbh :

\; ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\3 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 3.= Mhfpirtbr mhg

mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh :.
 Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg 40? ]ni hptbfbsti, nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés5 fbgbfbmn
ah gncitbvh y iufngtn ah phsbtbvh.
\0 Ng ai curi 3.: nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9 i > piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns.
Mipætuah Anmmbýg \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =.
43 :.
40 >.
42 ;. ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi.
3 =< 3. ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ahs jnfés ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri 3.: Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr
mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:—=4).
‑thjh ah sukrn, thjh ah mrnn, thjh ah nspnri, thjh ah shphrti‖ (9 Mh 9=?3).
Na ifhr
Ri `idæifhs nstujbijh nstn vnrsæmuah5 pnrh ng nsti anmmbýg, qunrnfhs prhkugjbzirah ug

\2 ¸Muéa ns na nqubabdrbh phmh fés y ipabmirah

Ijnfés fés ifpabifngtn.
jn snr mhgidanifpabifng
(prbgmbpbhtn.:), jndnfhs mhgir ng htrhs (prbgmbpbh >). Nsth
ngtrn nstir i ai jnkngsbvi y
gh sbcgbmi qun mhgnfhs ng thjh na fugjh. Na ipýstha \idah ghs ijvbnrtn qun nstnfhs
mhgir ng htrhs8
ianrti (9 Mh 9;?9=)5 ‑nxifbgijah thjh y rntngnj ah dungh‖ (9 Zs Zs >?49). ¡Gugm
¡Gugmii an prncugtn
i ug dirdnrh sb gnmnsbti ug mhrtn jn pnah! R mhfh jbmn ug prhvnrdbh ikrbmigh? ‑Zngci
mubjijh muigjh ugi pnrshgi jnsguji an prhfntn ugi mifbsi‖. Ns jndnr jn ahs pisthrns
bgvnstbcir i ahs hdrnrhs piri mnrmbhrirsn jn ai rnputimbýg
y jn htrhs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians **bgvnstbcir
y ai mipimbtimbýg jn thjhs ahs qun tridioig ng ai bcansbi. Ng iacugis gimbhgns, ns kémba
dusmir ng Chhcan na ghfdrn jn ugi pnrshgi y sidnr jn bgfnjbith sb nsti pnrshgi ns ug
icrnshr snxuia. Ng thjis ais gimbhgns, ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians jndng nxbcbr rnknrngmbis
jn tridiohs y jn bcansbis igtnrbhrns. Mhgir y nspnrir gh rnnfpaizig ai jbabcngmbi ng
ai nviauimbýg jna mirémtnr. Isæ mhfh jndnfhs prhdir thjis ais prhknmæis piri vnrbmir
sb nstég jn imunrjh mhg ais Nsmrbturis, jndnfhs prhdir i ahs prhkntis y i thjhs ahs qun
qubnrig snrvbr ng ai mhgcrncimbýg. Ns ai rnsphgsidbabjij jna aæjnr prhtncnr na rndiùh jn
Jbhs jn ahs ahdhs y jn thjhs ahs jnfés *jnprnjijhrns. ]bg nfdirch, iugqun ahs aæjnrns
nspbrbtuians tbngng qun prhtncnr na rndiùh jn Jbhs, jndnfhs `idbtuirghs i nspnrir ah
fnohr jn ais pnrshgis bfpnrknmtis.
I. Na prhdanfi? piri sncubr mhgigjh ng htrhs, jndnfhs supnrir
fum`hs jnsikæhs.
\ 9< ¸Mýfh anvigtý
Dnrgidâ i Ouig Firmhs jna
Ahs `édbths jn ai juji y ai shspnm`i aanvig ia ibsaifbngth y i ai shanjij. ]b dbng na
krimish ia âxbth8 viahr jn mhgir mhgjumn i fum`is rnaimbhgns krumtæknris, ais pnrshgis gh shg pnrknmtis.
\ 99 ¸\hr quâ ahs abjnrns Mhgir punjn jir aucir i iacugis jnmnpmbhgns. \nrh ns i trivâs jn ai mhgigzi qun
jndng tngnr nspnrigzi y simifhs ah fnohr jn ais pnrshgis y ans iyujifhs i iamigzir su phtngmbia. Zhjhs
Zhjhs gnmnsbtig
mhgir ng htrhs ng fnjbh jn i iacubng qun mrni ng naahs. Jbhs mhgtbguý igbfigjh i Miæg, nspnrégjhah y iangtégjhah,
iacugis jnmnpmbhgns8 iug jnspuâs jn qun kiaaý ai prbfnri vnz ng aanvir ugi hkrngji imnptidan. Jbhs sbnfprn

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 4<=

nsté fés prnhmupijh phr na prnsngtn qun phr na pisijh. Jn bcuia fignri, Dnrgidâ sbcubý \ 94 ¸I Jbhs an bfphrti
mhgigjh ng Ouig Firmhs, bgmaush jnspuâs jn qun na ohvng gh iamigzý ais nxpnmtitbvis fés na pisijh h na prnsngtn
y na kuturh8 Nxpabqun.
jurigtn su prbfnr vbion fbsbhgnrh (@m` 9=?9=). Ai mhgigzi jn Dnrgidâ kun ug kimthr
bfphrtigtn ng na âxbth jn Ouig Firmhs. R thjhs nstifhs icrijnmbjhs jn qun Dnrgidâ,
muyh ghfdrn sbcgbmi na @boh jn mhgshaimbýg, sbcubnri mhgigjh ng nstn ohvng. Ai
hpbgbýg ugégbfn jn ai bcansbi prbfbtbvi kun qun Ouig Firmhs ns na iuthr jna nvigcnabh
jn Firmhs. 9 Iug \idah, ng sus ÿatbfhs iùhs, nstidi icrijnmbjh phr na fbgbstrh snrvbmbia
qun Firmhs `idæi aancijh i snr, thjh phrqun Dnrgidâ mhgtbguý mhgigjh ng na ohvng,
muigjh âa nri fnghs qun pnrknmth.
Onsÿs prhkntbzý qun ahs ÿatbfhs jæis snræig tnrrbdans. Âa jboh qun ‑phr `idnrsn \ 9= ¸Yuâ punjn
fuatbpabmijh ai fiajij, na ifhr jn fum`hs sn ngkrbiré‖ (Ft 4:?94). @idaý jn ug tbnfph hmisbhgir qun ug aæjnr jnon
jn tngnr nspnrigzi ng ais
ng qun ais pnrshgis jnoiræig jn mrnnr ng Jbhs y ng htrhs. ¸Mýfh punjn hmurrbr nsth8 Ahs pnrshgis y jn mhgir
paimnrns jna pnmijh snjumng i iacughs i phgnr ng pnabcrh su ifhr phr Jbhs y idigjhgirah. ng naais8
\hr na mhgtrirbh,
ai fiyhræi jn aishtrhs gh snvisbngtng
pnrshgis tris naitriæjhs
pnmijh, phr na pnmijh.
ng vnz \nrh
jn sncubr sn jnsigbfig
i Jbhs. phrqun
Ahs pnmijhs jn
\ 9: ¸Yuâ miusý
ais pnrshgis, ahs krimishs y ahs nrrhrns punjng jnsigbfir i ug aæjnr. \hjnfhs aancir i qun Naæis sn jnsigbfiri y
snr mhfh na prhknti Naæis (sb ustnj gh `i anæjh ai baustrimbýg jn Naæis ia bgbmbh jn nstn pnrjbnri su nspnrigzi8
mipætuah, phr kivhr thfn iacÿg tbnfph piri annrah i`hri). Ai bgungmbi fiabcgi jna rny
Imid y jn ai rnbgi Onzidna cubý i thji ugi gimbýg `imbi ai bjhaitræi. Ng miji jbrnmmbýg
ng qun Naæis sn vhavæi, vnæi i ahs bsrinabtis primtbmigjh na pnmijh. Migsijh jn ai ditiaai
phr ai oustbmbi, Naæis miyý ng ugi jnprnsbýg, dioh ug érdha jn ngndrh ng ug miaurhsh jæi
ng ugi tbnrri snmi. Na phjnrhsh prhknti sn migsý jn `imnr na dbng (Cé ;?2). ]n sbgtbý
jnrrhtijh. \nrjbý thji nspnrigzi jn iyujir i su gimbýg. Naæis pngsý qun nri ai ÿgbmi
pnrshgi ousti shdrn ai tbnrri.
Minr ng na jnségbfh y mhfngzir i ichtirsn jna tridioh mhg pnrshgis, shg tngtimbhgns \ 9> ¸Yuâ miusý qun
mhfugns jn ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians. Ng na `hcir, ahs pijrns punjng migsirsn jn tritir jn aæjnrns mhfh Ouig na Diutbsti
y \idah sn jnsigbfirig8
cubir i sus `bohs piri qun tngcig imtbtujns mhrrnmtis. Ng ai nsmunai, ahs finstrhs punjng
migsirsn jn
ichtirsn jn bgstir i ahsinstujbigtns
imhgsnoir i qun
ais pnrshgis nstujbng.
ng sus Ng aihmhgcrncimbýg,
prhdanfis jn nxbcbrans iahs
ahsaæjnrns punjng
mrnyngtns qun \ 9; ¸Mhghmn i iacÿg
vbvig mhfh sncubjhrns jn Onsÿs. Ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians punjng pnrjnr ai pimbngmbi y aæjnr, ngtrngijhr, pijrn h
jnsigbfirsn muigjh iqunaahs i ahs qun prnpirig, isnshrig h jbsmbpuaig prhcrnsig phmh finstrh qun `iyi aum`ijh
mhgtri ai pârjbji jn ai
h angtifngtn. \nhr iÿg, iacughs hdrnrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg punjng nxtrivbirsn, trinr nspnrigzi8 Nxpabqun.
vnrcñngzi i ai mhgcrncimbýg y jiùir ai vbji jn ahs fbnfdrhs. @iy tigtis mhsis qun
punjng tngtir i ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians i jnoir jn mhgir ng ais pnrshgis h i jnoir jn
nspnrir ah fnohr. ‑Ngtrn ahs qun gimng jn fuonr gh sn `i anvigtijh htrh fiyhr qun Ouig
na Diutbsti‖ (Ft 99?99). \nrh ais mbrmugstigmbis y ais pnrshgis iknmtirhg i Ouig. Ng ai
prbsbýg, su kn qun ugi vnz irjbnri mhfh ug bgmngjbh khrnstia, tbtbaidi mhfh ugi vnai ng
na vbngth. @isti ug crig `hfdrn mhfh Ouig na Diutbsti nxpnrbfngtý ai tngtimbýg jn jnoir
jn mhgir y jnoir jn mrnnr ng ahs jnfés (Ft 99?9-;). Jn ai fbsfi fignri, misb ia gia
jn sus jæis, \idah sbgtbý qun thjhs ah `idæig idigjhgijh (4 Zb :?9;).
\nrh gh jndnfhs pnrfbtbr qun ais mhsis gncitbvis jn \ 93 ¸Iacugi vnz ahs
jbsmæpuahs fijurig tig
ai vbji ghs ifircung. Na prhcrnsh sbnfprn ns angth. Zhjhs
répbjh mhfh ah nspnri ug
sudbfhs pish i pish. Ng hmisbhgns ais pnrshgis ivigzig  
   aæjnr8 Nxpabqun.
jhs pishs y aunch rntrhmnjng ugh. Ai fijurnz ng ai
nsmunai aanci ug crijh i ai vnz. Zhjhs ahs snrns `ufighs  
dndng anm`n igtns jn mrnmnr piri mhfnr
mhfnr mirgn. Na prhcrnsh   
nspbrbtuia sbnfprn ns ‑figjifbngth tris figjifbngth,
figjith shdrn figjith, rngcaýg tris rngcaýg, aægni shdrn
 .
aægni‖ (Bs 40?9<, 9=). ]b qunrnfhs qun `iyi mrnmbfbngth,
fijurnz y jnsirrhaah ng ai mhgcrncimbýg, ahs aæjnrns nspbrbtuians jndng phgnr ng prémtbmi
ai mhgigzi ng ais pnrshgis y nspnrir ng thjh ah qun naahs punjng aancir i snr.

4<: Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

\ 90 D. Ai mhgigzi simi ah fnohr jn ahs `bohs jn Jb Jbhs.

hs.
¸Mýfh igbfi i Mhgsbjnrn mýfh ai mhgigzi jn Jbhs ng Idri`if ah iyujý i mrnmnr y mhgvnrtbrsn ng
ais pnrshgis ai mhgigzi jn na `hfdrn jn kn qun pujh aancir i snr. Gbgcugh jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi jn Idri`if
Jbhs ng naahs8 Jâ nonfpahs.
an snrvæi i Jbhs. Zhjhs i su iarnjnjhr, ng ^r, ijhridig i ahs æjhahs. Idri`if tuvh sus
fhfngths jn jndbabjij, pnrh Jbhs gh sn rbgjbý mhg âa. Jn bcuia fignri, ai mhgigzi jn
Jbhs y ai pimbngmbi mhg Oimhd ah trigskhrfirhg jn ngciùijhr ng prægmbpn. Ai mhgigzi
jn Jbhs ng Fhbsâs, sbngjh ug `hfdrn bfpuasbvh, ah `bzh fijurir `isti snr ug crig aæjnr.
\ 92 ¸Mýfh kun qun ai Jn ai fbsfi fignri, Onsÿs `bzh jnsirrhaair i ais pnrshgis phr fnjbh jn ai mhgigzi.
mhgigzi jna ]nùhr ng \njrh Âa nsmhcbý i ug cruph jn pnrshgis mhfugns y mhfngzý i figbknstirans su mhgigzi.
ah trigskhrfý y ah khrtianmbý8
Gunstrh ]nùhr an jboh i \njrh? ‑Zÿ nrns ]bfýg, `boh jn Ohgés5 tÿ snrés aaifijh
Mnkis (qun qubnrn jnmbr, \njrh)‖ (Og 9?:4). Onsÿs an nxprnsý mhgigzi i nstn bgjnmbsh
pnsmijhr.. An thfý iùhs i ai crimbi jn Jbhs trigskhrfir i \njrh jn dirrh ng rhmi. \njrh
pnsmijhr
i fngujh sn nqubvhmidi. Jn ai fbsfi fignri, Onsÿs bgvbtý i Fitnh, ug tribjhr gimbhgia,
i mhgvnrtbrsn ¡ng ipýstha! ¡[iyi!, quâ mhgigzi tngæi Mrbsth ng nstn rnmiujijhr jn
bfpunsths, ug `hfdrn
jn gunstrh ]nùhr tngæigjna qun tigth
fum`is oujæhs
kiaais, pnrhmhfh rhfighs
na Finstrh jnsmhgidig.
sbcubý Ahsnaahs.
mhgigjh ng ipýsthans
Naahs
bgtngtirhg rnm`izir i ahs gbùhs pnqunùhs (Fr 9<?9=-9:). Jbsmutbnrhg imnrmi jn qubâg jn
naahs snræi na fés crigjn (Fr 2?=:). Iprngjæig angtifngtn, i fngujh fiabgtnrprntidig
sus pirédhais y htris ngsnùigzis (Ft 9;?3-0). \nrh Mrbsth sbcubý jnfhstrigjh su
 mhgigzi ng nsths `hfdrns. Ng sus prbfnrhs jæis mhfh ipýstha iprngjbz, Ouig jnsný
qun jnsmngjbnri kunch jna mbnah shdrn ahs qun rnm`izirhg na fngsion (Am 2?>:). ¸]n
rbgjbý Onsÿs mhg Ouig8 Gh, gunstrh ]nùhr shgrbý, fngný su midnzi y ah aaifý @boh jna
trungh.. ¡Yuâ firivbaai qun nstn @boh jna trungh sn vhavbnri tbnrgh! Fbngtris Onsÿs
trungh
sncuæi mrnyngjh ng Ouig y trigskhrfégjhah phr na Nspærbtu ]igth, Ouig aancý i snr
mhghmbjh mhfh na ipýstha jna ifhr. (Mhfh prundi ani ai tnrmnri npæsthai jn Ouig).
Muigjh ahs aæjnrns nspnrig ah fnohr jn ais pnrshgis, fum`hs mhgtbgÿig fnohrigjh.
Ais pnrshgis i fngujh iamigzig gunstris nxpnmtitbvis fés iatis.
\ 4< ¸Muéans shg ¸\hr quâ jndn ustnj fhstrir mhgigzi8 Fhstrir mhgigzi mhgrfi na viahr, ahs
iacugis rizhgns phr ais
jhgns, ai mipimbjij y ais iptbtujns jn ugi pnrshgi. Mhsnm`ifhs ah qun snfdrifhs.
qun ustnj jndn snfdrir ais
snfbaais jn mhgigzi ng ]bnfdrn jujis, shspnm`is y tnfhrns y nstis tnrrbdans snfbaais nm`irég riæmns y sn
iqunaahs i ahs qun sbrvn8 mhgvnrtbrég ng ug jnsistrn. \nrh, muigjh paigtifhs snfbaais jn mhgigzi, rnmhcnfhs
ugi mhsnm`i jn mhgigzi.
\ 49 ¸Mýfh punjng ahs \iri tngnr âxbth mhfh aæjnrns jn Jbhs, jndnfhs
pijrns iyujir i sus `bohs i `idbtuirghs i mhgir ng pnrshgis jn thjis ais njijns.
mrnmnr y i trbugkir8 \   Ahs gbùhs nstirég yi sni i ai iaturi h tig dioh mhfh
   sus pijrns ans jbcig. Jæcians i ahs gbùhs qun shg ughs
J,  pnrnzhshs, thgths y dunghs piri giji y naahs imtuirég
 jn nsi fignri. Figtâgcisn jbmbâgjhans i ahs gbùhs qun
shg dunghs, nans y ipths piri trbugkir y ah mrnnrég y
   mufpabrég sus nxpnmtitbvis. Na nstæfuah y ai mhgigzi
   simig ah fnohr jn thjhs ahs `bohs jn Jbhs, yi sni qun
 . tngcig sbntn h sntngti iùhs.
\ 44 ¸Mýfh fhstridi Jnfhstrifhs mhgigzi ia igbfir i gunstrhs
Onsÿs su mhgigzi ng sncubjhrns i mhgvnrtbrsn ng sncubjhrns jn Onsÿs, i
sus jbsmæpuahs8
fijurir mhfh sus jbsmæpuahs y i pirtbmbpir ng na fbgbstnrbh. Onsÿs fhstrý mhgigzi ng
sus jbsmæpuahs muigjh ahs aaifý piri qun ah sbcubnrig. Âa mhgtbguý mrnyngjh ng naahs
\ 4= ¸Mýfh fhstrifhs fbngtris sn jnsirrhaaidig. Ng sus bgbmbhs, ahs ipýsthans y ahs jbsmæpuahs sbfpanfngtn
mhgigzi ng iqunaahs i ahs mifbgidig mhg Onsÿs y ah hdsnrvidig fbgbstrir. Fés tirjn, Âa mhfngzý i isbcgirans
qun snrvbfhs8 pnqunùis tirnis fbgbstnrbian
fbgbstnrbians,
s, ngvbégjhahs jn jhs ng jhs. Kbgiafngtn
Kbgiafngtn,, ans ngtrncý na
fugjh, ismngjbý ia mbnah y ngvbý ia Nspærbtu ]igth piri qun ahs aangiri. ^gi `bsthrbi
gh dædabmi jbmn qun muigjh Onsÿs aancý ia mbnah, ug égcna an prncugtý? ‑]nùhr, ¸y quâ

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 4<>

tia sb ahs jhmn `hfdrns i qubngns ngtrngý kiaaig8‖. Onsÿs an mhgtnstý? ‑Gh tngch htrh

paig‖.
Iug¡Âa
¡ Âa mhgidi
muigjh ng ai cn
cngtn!
ais pnrshgis gtn!
gh mufpaig gunstris nspnrigzis y nxpnmtitbvis, gh jndnfhs \ 4: ¸Mýfh kun qun
jirghs phr vngmbjhs mhg naahs. \hr ah cngnria, ns i trivâs jn ai mhgigzi qun ais pnrshgis Onsÿs an jnfhstrý i \njrh
ugi imtbtuj jn ‑nsh kun iynr‖8
sn jnsirrhaaig y fijurig. Onsÿs gh sn rbgjbý mhg \njrh muigjh nstn ah rnprngjbý phr
prhkntbzir imnrmi jn su funrtn ng ai mruz (Ft 9;?49-40). Zifphmh sn rbgjbý muigjh
\njrh an mhrtý ai hrnoi i Fiamh. Muigjh \njrh gncý mhghmnr ia ]iavijhr, ai imtbtuj jn
gunstrh ]nùhr kun? ‑Nsh hmurrbý iynr. @hy ns htrh jæi‖ . Iùhs jnspuâs, Onsÿs mhgtbguý
mhgigjh ng \njrh, muigjh ipýstha, yi sbngjh fijurh, gh mhfbý mhg ahs cngtbans ng
Igtbhquæi (Cé 4?99-49). Kun shaifngtn jnspuâs jn qun gunstrh ]nùhr mhgiri ng \njrh
phr fum`hs iùhs qun âa sn mhgvbrtbý ng ai rhmi rfn jn sus ÿatbfhs iùhs.
^gh sn prncugti sb \idah sn `idræi mhgvnrtbjh ng ug crig ipýstha ng mish jn qun \ 4> ¸Mýfh kun qun ai
Dnrgidâ gh `udbnri mhgijh ng âa muigjh thjhs ahs jnfés an tnfæig (@m` 99?4<-4;). mhgigzi jn Dnrgidâ igbfý
i \idah y i Ouig Firmhs8
Tnmunrjn qun nstn fbsfh Dnrgidâ (muyh ghfdrn sbcgbmi ‑@boh jn mhgshaimbýg‖) mhgý
ng Ouig Firmhs, qubng `idæi idigjhgijh i \idah y i Dnrgidâ (@m` 9=?9=5 9>?=0). Ia
gia, ai mhgigzi jn Dnrgidâ kun ug kimthr trigsmngjngtia ng na jnsirrhaah jn Ouig
Firmhs mhfh ug fbgbstrh krumtæknrh y na nsmrbthr jn ug nvigcnabh.
]bnfprn `idré pnrshgis ng na sýtigh qun \ 4; ¸Mýfh kun qun
mrbtbmig y jujig jn ahs jnfés. Ng aucir jn ai nspnrigzi y ai cngtbanzi
jn Jbhs gutrbnrhg i Jivbj
nsh, snifhs pnrshgis qun nstég ng na *diamýg, piri qun sn mhgvbrtbnri
mhgvbrtbnri ng ug
pnrshgis qun igbfig i htrhs, mhgkæig ng naahs crig aæjnr8
y mrnng ng ah qun phjræig aancir i snr phr ai
crimbi jn Jbhs. Ng na ]iafh 90?=>, jbmn? ‑tu \ 43 ¸Muéa ns ai
jbknrngmbi ngtrn ahs qun nstég
dngbcgbjij fn `i ngcrigjnmbjh‖
ngcrigjnmbjh‖.. Yun gunstrh ng na sýtigh y ahs qun nstég
ifhr, ifidbabjij y mhgigzi ng htrhs iyujn i
 ng na diamýg8
fum`hs i mhgvnrtbrsn ng thjh ah qun Jbhs paigný
piri naahs, i fnjbji qun Âa ahs trigskhrfi i su
bficng (Th 0?425 4 Mh =?905 Nk :?4:5 Mha 4?9<).
M. [ni na prbgmbpbh > ng ai Dbdabi? mhgir ng htrhs.
\ 40 Mhfpantn ai curi 3.> mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs shdrn
na prbgmbpbh >.
Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis
¸Mýfh mrnn ustnj qun ai mhgigzi qun Onsÿs ans fhstrý i sus sncubjhrns ahs bgspbrý i nvigcnabzir y i
Ft 40?92-4<
jbsmbpuair ia fugjh jnspuâs jn qun Âa ismngjbý8
¸Yuâ pipna mrnn ustnj qun oucý ai mhgigzi jna ]nùhr ng \njrh piri iyujirah i fijurir y i
Og 9?:4 jnsirrhaairsn pisigjh jn snr irngi fhvnjbzi i ugi rhmi rfn8 UHdsnrvn ai ghti jn ai G[B jn qun
\njrh sbcgbmi ‑pbnjri h rhmi‖.V
@m` 9=?9=5 9>?=0 ¸Mýfh kun qun ai mhgigzi jn Dnrgidâ iyujý i jnsirrhaair na fbgbstnrbh jn \idah8
¸Mýfh pbngsi ustnj qun ai mhgigzi qun Dnrgidâ an jnfhstrý i Firmhs iyujý i nstn ohvng i mrnmnr
@m` 9>?=;-=2 ng Mrbsth8
Kaf 9?49 ¸Mýfh mrnn ustnj qun ai mhgigzi jn \idah bguyý ng Kbanfýg8
@nd ;?25 9<?4: ¸Mýfh ns qun na iuthr jn @ndrnhs igbfý i sus anmthrns mhg mhgigzi8
Kbcuri 3.> \rimtbqun jnsmudrbngjh
jnsmudrbngjh ng ais Nsmrbturis na prbgmbpbh >? mhgir ng htrhs.
J. Ai mhgigzi ng ai vbji jn ahs aæjnrns `hy.
\ 42 ¸Mýfh kun qun ai mhgigzi y ais nxpnmtitbvis jn ug fbsbhgnrh bguynrhg ng iqunaahs
i ahs qun âa ans sbrvbý8

^g nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh > shdrn ai mhgigzi

¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Jurigtn fbs prbfnrhs iùhs mhfh fbsbhgnrh.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng Ékrbmi Hrbngtia.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 [irbhs pisthrns y yh.
Kbcuri 3.; Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

4<; Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

^g nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh > shdrn ai mhgigzi
¸Yuâ hmurrbý8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi). ^g gunvh fbsbhgnrh qunjý shrprngjbjh ia nsmum`ir qun ahs abdrhs,
ahs utngsbabhs y ahs paiths
pa iths sn jnsipirnmæig i fngujh ng na snfbgirbh dædabmh muigjh ahs vbsbtigtns
imujæig i ais rnugbhgns. Jurigtn su prbfnr iùh mhfh prhknshr, iarnjnjhr jn >< pisthrns aancirhg
ia snfbgirbh. Âa ans vngjæi na fitnrbia prnpirijh piri ug snfbgirbh jn mbgmh jæis. Mnrmi jn jbnz
pisthrns sn rnugbnrhg ng na fhstrijhr. Kun ug fhfngth jn fum`i hmupimbýg, yi qun âa gh tngæi gb
isbstngtn gb snmrntirbi ng iqunaahs prbfnrhs jæis. Fbngtris âa an ngtrncidi na mifdbh i ug pisthr,
hdsnrvý qun ug pnqunùh abdrh `idæi jnsipirnmbjh jn ngmbfi jna fhstrijhr. Mhg hptbfbsfh âa
prncugtý? ‑¸@iy iacubng `honigjh na abdrh qun q un nstidi iquæ8‖. Jn prhgth, ai `idbtimbýg pnrfignmbý
ng sbangmbh. Gijbn ijfbtbý tngnr na abdrh. \nrpanoh, na ohvng fbsbhgnrh jboh? ‑Iacubng `i thfijh na
abdrh qun nstidi iquæ. ]b ustnj gh jnsni mhfprirah, phr kivhr rncrâsnah‖. Jnspuâs jn ughs muigths
sncugjhs, na pisthr qun `idæi rnmbdbjh na mifdbh idrbý su idrbch y simý na pnqunùh abdrh jn su
dhasbaah y ah mhahmý gunvifngtn shdrn na fhstrijhr.
Jn bgfnjbith,
bgfnjbith, na fbsbhgnrh
fbsbhgnrh mhfngzý i aahrir y i shaahzir sbg phjnr phjnr mhgtrhairsn.
mhgtrhairsn. Gh phjæi `idair
`idair
fbngtris phr sus fnobaais mhrræig jhs pnqunùhs irrhyhs jn aécrbfis. Gugmi `idæi aahrijh isæ igtns.
Nri mhfh sb Jbhs nstuvbnri aahrigjh i trivâs jn âa. Mhg na mhrizýg qundrigtijh, ahs pisthrns
idigjhgirhg
aahrigjh ai `idbtimbýg.
phr jhs Aancý ai `hri
`hris. Kbgiafngtn, jna iafunrzh,
ai mirci sn iabvbý y pnrh
pâanrh ng aucir
rncrnsý i aijnmaisn.
mhfnr, na fbsbhgnrh mhgtbguý
Âa gugmi rnciùý ia pisthr gb tifphmh an jboh gb ugi shai piaidri ia cruph jn pisthrns imnrmi imnrmi jn
ai hkngsi. Nri hdvbh qun yi ah `idæig `idaijh ngtrn naahs. Na cruph sbfpanfngtn mhgtbguý mhg ais
anmmbhgns y naahs pisirhg ugi firivbaahsi snfigi ougths.
Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh >? Mhfh jbmn ugi vbnoi migmbýg? ‑Ais aécrbfis shg ug bjbhfi‖. ]bg 4

paignirah, Jbhs an iyujý ia ohvng fbsbhgnrh i mhfugbmirsn. ]us aécrbfis nxprnsirhg jnsjn na khgjh
jn su mhrizýg, qun âa nspnridi qun ahs pisthrns kunrig nans y jbcghs jn mhgigzi. Mhfh rnsuatijh,
ahs pisthrns sn mhfphrtirhg i ai iaturi jn sus nxpnmtitbvis. Gijbn sn rhdý htrh abdrh, gb utngsbabh
gb ug shah paith jna snfbgirbh dædabmh jurigtn thjhs ahs iùhs qun âa ohvng fbsbhgnrh pnrfignmbý i`æ.
Zhjhs ghs qunjifhs mhrths5 pnrh, iprngjnfhs i nstir i ai iaturi jn ai mhgigzi y ais nxpnmtitbvis
oustis qun Jbhs y htris pnrshgis
pnrshgis tbngng jn ghshtrhs
ghshtrhs..
Kbcuri 3.; Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh > ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).
 \ =< ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh > nsti snfigi. Igtns jn aancir i ai prýxbfi maisn,

mhgtnstn thjis
nonfpah jn aisng
phgnr prncugtis
prémtbmi ng ai anmmbýg>.42, mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi 3.3 imnrmi jn su fnohr
na prbgmbpbh

]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y ahs jn ahs

Anmmbýg fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi.
Hdontbvh I? Nstidanmnr iacugis
iacugis rizhgns piri snr pnrshgia y rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns.
42 Hdontbvh D? Tnsufbr ahsahs gunvn mhgsno
mhgsnohs
hs piri rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir ai bfphrtigmbi jn rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns usigjh nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn ahs jnfés
y jn su fbgbstnrbh.

\ =9 ¸Muéans shg Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg 40. Zhfn jn 9< i 9> fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns
iacugis jn ais fignris jn
mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh > qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi.
snr pnrshgia ng su muaturi8
\ =4 Mhfpantn ai curi 3.3 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn y
qun miji ugh thfn jhs fbguths piri mhfpirtbr su `bsthrbi shdrn ai mhgigzi qun pusbnrhg
ng prémtbmi.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh >

(^stnj ai mhfpirtbré ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

Kbcuri 3.3 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 4<3

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh >
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai).

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh >?

Kbcuri 3.3 \rémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh >? ]ni hptbfbsti5 nspnrn ah fnohr jn ahs jnfés. (]u `bsthrbi
`bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths).
\ == ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis piri thji ai maisn shdrn na prbgmbpbh >
\ =: ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ => ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 3.0 Mhfpirtbr mhg

mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
shdrn ai prémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh >.
Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg 42? ]ni pnrshgia5 rnmunrjn ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis y
ahs jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn su kifbabi.
¡Knabmbtimbhgns! ^stnj nsté prhcrnsigjh. Crimbis phr su
jnabjij y jbabcngtn tridioh. Ahs iuthrns jn nstn mursh nstég
nspnrigjh, mhgigjh y mrnyngjh qun ustnj sn mhgvnrtbré ng
thjh ah qun Jbhs sn `i prhpunsth. ^stnj nsté prhcrnsigjh.
¡[bvi! Dbng `nm`h, dung y na nstujbigtn. ¡Jnsn ugi piafijbti
ng ai nspiaji! ]n ah fnrnmn. Figtngci su dung tridioh.
]hgræian i ug nstujbigtn qun nstâ mnrmi y jæcian? ‑Nstifhs
iprngj
iprngjbng
bngjh
jh fum
fum`h
`h‖.
‖. Ns
Nsté
té ng na snxt
snxthh prbg
prbgmb
mbpb
pbhh jn ais
ais
dungis rnaimbhgns.

\ =; Ng ai curi 3.2 nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9 i ; piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns.

Mipætuah Anmmbýg \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =.
43 :.
40 >.

3 42 ;.
=< 3. ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri 3.2 Gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr
mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4).

4<0 Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

I. Aaifir i ugi pnrshgi phr su ghfdrn jnfunstri qun i ustnj an

bfphrti nsi pnrshgi.
\ =3 ¸Muéans shg @iy fum`is fignris jn snr pnrshgia, mhfh siaujir, shgrnær y prncugtir shdrn ai
iacugis fignris jn
siauj jn iacubng, ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai kifbabi y na tridioh. Zifdbâg, pirnmnfhs pnrshgians
snr pnrshgia8
muigjh an prnstifhs fum`i itngmbýg i iacubng qun nstâ `idaigjh y gh jnsvbifhs ai
fbriji gb bgtnrrufpbfhs. Hrir phr htrhs, mhfpirtbr h igbfir i ais pnrshgis ng sus
fhfngths jn gnmnsbjij shg tifdbâg khrfis jn snr pnrshgia. ]hfhs pnrshgians muigjh
‑¡Iquæ nsté ustnj!‖, ng vnz jn pngsir ‑¡Iquæ
ngtrifhs i ugi `idbtimbýg mhg ai imtbtuj jn ‑¡Iquæ ‑ ¡Iquæ
nsthy yh!‖. Mhfh aæjnrns jn Jbhs, thjhs jndnfhs iprngjnr y primtbmir fignris jn
jnfhstrir gunstri prnhmupimbýg pnrshgia phr ai cngtn. Ng nsti anmmbýg, mhgmngtrâfhghs
ng rnmhrjir y usir ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis. Nsti ns ugi jn ais fignris désbmis n
bfphrtigtns jn snr pnrshgia.
\ =0 ¸Mýfh jnfunstri Jbhs ns pnrshgia. Âa ghs rnvnai sus ghfdrns. Jna fbsfh fhjh, i fngujh aaifi i
Jbhs qun Âa ns pnrshgia8 ais pnrshgis phr sus ghfdrns. ^ghs muigths jn ahs ghfdrns qun Jbhs `i fngmbhgijh
bgmauyng i Ijég, Ohd, Jigbna, ]ifuna, Mbrh, Firti, Firæi, \njrh y ]iuah. Ng na Gunvh
Znstifngth, Onsÿs ngsnùi qun na Dung \isthr mhghmn i sus hvnois y ais ‑aaifi phr
ghfdrn‖ (Og 9<?=). R na abdrh jna Iphmiabpsbs rnvnai qun Jbhs nsmrbdn ahs ghfdrns jn
miji ugh jn sus `bohs ng na abdrh jn ai vbji (Ip =?>).
Jbhs jnsni qun ghshtrhs snifhs pnrshgians mhg Âa. Miji vnz qun hrifhs, Âa ghs
bgvbti i aancir i su prnsngmbi mhg immbýg jn crimbis y prnsngtiran gunstris pntbmbhgns ‑ng
na ghfdrn jn Onsÿs‖.
Onsÿs‖. Muigjh ustnj siaujn i ugi pnrshgi, aaéfnai phr su ghfdrn, `éciai
sngtbr supnrbhr, ug phmh fés viabhsi y prâstnan fum`i itngmbýg i ah qun jbmn.
\ =2 ¸\hr quâ ns Gunstrh
Gunst rh \ijr
\ijrnn mnan
mnanstbia
stbia tifd
tifdbâg
bâg jnsn
jnsnii qun snif
snifhs
hs pnrs
pnrshgian
hgianss mhg ahs qun ghs
bfphrtigtn aaifir i ais
ngmhgtrnfhs. Miji pnrshgi
pnr shgi ns junùi jn su ghfdrn. Ahs ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis shg
pnrshgis phr su ghfdrn8
ghfdrn8
nspnmbians piri naais. Na ghfdrn ns thji su bjngtbjij ng phmis piaidris. ^gi jn ais
piaidris
piai dris fés juamn
juamnss qun
q un ugi pnrs
pnrshgi
hgi punji nsmum
nsmum`ir
`ir ng muia
muiaqubnr
qubnr
…y su bjbhfi ns su prhpbh ghfdrn.
\ :< ghfdrn ns…
¸Mýfh punjn Aaifir i iacubng phr su ghfdrn
ustnj irfir h gncir na viahr jnfunstri qun i ustnj an bfphrti nsi pnrshgi.
jn ugi pnrshgi miji vnz qun
sn ngmungtrn mhg naai8 \rhgugmbir na ghfdrn jn ugi pnrshgi
mhfugbmi viahr y fârbth. Ia aaifir i ugi
pnrshgi phr su ghfdrn, an jbmn? ‑^stnj ns
sumbngtnfngtn viabhsh mhfh piri rnmhrjir
su ghfdrn‖. \hr na mhgtrirbh, gh rnmhrjir
ahs ghfdrns jbmn? ‑^stnj gh ns bfphrtigtn5
gh tbngn viahr y yh gh nsthy bgtnrnsijh ng
ustnj‖. Miji vnz qun ustnj sn ngmungtrn
mhg ugi pnrshgi, tbngn ai hphrtugbjij
jn mhgrfir su viahr aaifégjhai phr su
Kbcuri 3.9< ghfdrn. Iprhvnm`n ai hphrtugbjij. ]b
 ^g ohvng fbsbhgnrh iprngjbý ai ustnj gh rnmunrji ug ghfdrn, jæcian? ‑Ah
bfphrtigmbi jn iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns mhghzmh… phr kivhr, rnmuârjnfn su ghfdrn
jn ais pnrshgis i ais qun mhghmæi.
phrqun ns bfphrtigtn piri fæ‖.
Na ohvng fbsbhgnrh Ficb sidæi qun miji pnrshgi i ai qun mhghmæi nri bfphrtigtn. \nrh
kun ug nfprnsirbh ahmia jn Engbi qubng an ngsnùý ai bfphrtigmbi jn aaifir i ugi pnrshgi
phr su ghfdrn. Ficb nstidi ng na digmh, nspnrigjh qun na `hfdrn qun itngjæi jntrés
\ :9 ¸Mýfh iprngjbý jn ai vngtigbaai an `bmbnri nknmtbvh ug m`nqun. Zrigsmurrbý ugi `hri, pnrh iÿg nspnridi
na fbsbhgnrh Ficb ai
bfphrtigmbi jn aaifir i ugi qun na `hfdrn ah itngjbnri. Jn `nm`h, miji fbguth qun pisidi, Ficb nstidi fés anohs
pnrshgi phr su ghfdrn8 jn ahcrirah. Na sbstnfi piri mifdbir ug m`nqun jnsmhgmnrtý ia gunvh fbsbhgnrh. Miji
Tnsufi ai `bsthrbi. pnrshgi qun qunræi mifdbir ug m`nqun ah phgæi ng na fhstrijhr
fhstrijhr,, krngtn ia *mionrh, na

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 4<2

`hfdrn jn ai vngtigbaai. \nrh miji vnz qun ugi pnrshgi mhahmidi ug gunvh m`nqun, nstn
mudræi thjhs ahs igtnrbhrns. Isæ qun, muigth fés nspnridi ugi pnrshgi, fés m`nquns sn
ifhgthgidig. Nsth nri rniafngtn ug jbanfi. Fbngtris Ficb hdsnrvidi, ghtý qun ug
`hfdrn rnvbsidi ai pbai jn m`nquns jn vnz ng muigjh, ngmhgtridi na suyh y ah mhahmidi
ngmbfi jna fhgtýg. \rhgth htrhs sbcubnrhg su nonfpah phrqun na mionrh sbnfprn thfidi
na m`nqun qun nstidi ngmbfi.

Aunch aancý ug fhfngth jn crig pnrspbmimbi. ^g nfprnsirbh ngtrý mhg ug m`nqun

ng ai figh piri mifdbirah. ]n imnrmý i ai vngtigbaai, pnrh gh ah push shdrn na fhgtýg.
Ng vnz jn nsh, shstuvh na m`nqun ng na ibrn, ug phmh fés irrbdi jn su midnzi. Na mionrh
an jboh ia nfprnsirbh? ‑^stnj punjn phgnr su m`nqun ng na fhgtýg mhg thjhs ahs
jnfés‖. Na nfprnsirbh shgrbý y isbgtbý mhg ai midnzi y rnsphgjbý? ‑]æ fuy ifidan,
snùhr. Crimbis phr iyujirfn. @irâ nximtifngtn ah qun ustnj jbmn. \nrh igtns jn
mhahmir fb m`nqun i`æ, phr kivhr jæcifn su ghfdrn. \uns punjh vnr qun ustnj ns ugi
pnrshgi fuy bfphrtigtn y qun gijbn punjn mifdbir su m`nqun `isti qun ustnj ah
nsmhoi. Isæ qun, miji vnz qun yh vngci i nstn digmh, phjrâ aaifirah i ustnj phr su
ghfdrn y nxprnsiran fb icrijnmbfbngth jn fignri pnrshgia‖. Na mionrh shgrbý, isbgtbý
y jboh? ‑Fb ghfdrn ns Zbfht`y Fuyns`b. R mhfh ustnj fn rnmhghmbý mhfh ugi
pnrshgi y sn iprngjbý fb ghfdrn, an mifdbirâ su m`nqun i`hri fbsfh‖. Aunch,
Zbfht`y répbjifngtn an mifdbý na m`nqun ia nfprnsirbh.
Na fbsbhgnrh mungti? ‑Nsth kun ugi firivbaai piri fæ. ]ncuæ na nonfpah jna
nfprnsirbh. Dusquâ ng na fhgtýg y ngmhgtrâ fb m`nqun qun nstidi jndioh jn phr ah
fnghs vnbgtn fés. ]hstngbâgjhah shdrn fb midnzi, shgrnæ y jbon? ‑]nùhr Zbfht`y
Fuyns`b, yh tifdbâg rnmhghzmh
rnmhghzm h qun ustnj ns ugi pnrshgi bfphrtigtn. \hr su ghfdrn
fn jhy mungti jn qun ustnj ns fbnfdrh jn ai trbdu Au`yi. Iacughs jn gunstrhs
fnohrns pisthrns shg au`yis. Crimbis phr iyujirfn i mifdbir fb m`nqun, muigjh
ustnj mhgsbjnrn qun ns na fhfngth iprhpbijh‖. Zbfht`y shgrbý y jboh? ‑\unjh vnr
qun ustnj nsté sbcubngjh na nonfpah jna nfprnsirbh. \nrh fn custi ai fignri ng qun
fn rnmhghmn mhfh pnrshgi. Isæ qun, jnmbjæ mifdbir
su m`nqun ngsncubji‖. Aunch thfý fb m`nqun y ah
mifdbý jn bgfnjbith. Jnsjn nsn jæi ng ijnaigtn, A  
miji vnz qun ngtridi ia digmh, aaifidi i Zbfht`y
Fuyns`b phr su ghfdrn, fbngtris âa sn imnrmidi i   
thfir fb m`nqun y mifdbirah.   
Aaifir i ugi pnrshgi phr su ghfdrn ns ug pish  
bfphrtigtn
nsth y prhgthpiri mhgstrubr
tngjré ugi `bsthrbis
sus prhpbis rnaimbýg.qun
\rimtbqun
girrir.  
 .
]b ustnj mrnn qun gh ns bfphrtigtn iprngjnrsn ahs
ghfdrns jn ais pnrshgis i ais qun sbrvn, phr kivhr
pbâgsnah
pbâgs nah gunvi
gunvifngt
fngtn.
n.
D. Tnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns ns ugi `idbabjij qun ustnj punjn iprngjnr
y primtbmir.
¸Mýfh rnmhrjir ghfdrns8 I mhgtbguimbýg, ngmhgtriré gunvn mhgsnohs piri
iyujiran i rnmhrjir ghfdrns. I fngujh, ns phsbdan qun shah gnmnsbtn usir trns h
muitrh jn nsths.
9. [iahrn ahs ghfdrns y `ici na nskunrzh jn rnmhrjirahs. Ai fiyhræi jn ais
pnrshgis gh
gh rnmunrjig ahs ghfdrns phrqun gh sn thfig na tbnfph y ai ngnrcæi gnmnsirbhs
piri rnpntbr na ghfdrn y cridirah mairifngtn
mairifngtn ng su fngtn.

4. \rnpérnsn piri na ghfdrn igtns jn nsmum`irah. Muigjh nstâ mnrmi jn ugi pnrshgi
gunvi, nsmum`n su ghfdrn jnsjn na prbfnr fhfngth.

49< Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

=. Nsmum`n dbng na ghfdrn. ]b gh nsmum`i na ghfdrn mairifngtn, pæjian i ai pnrshgi

qun ah rnpbti.
:. Miptn na ghfdrn ng su fngtn. ]b na ghfdrn gh ns mhfÿg, pæjian i ai pnrshgi qun
ah jnantrnn.
>. ^sn na ghfdrn prhgth. Aaifn i ai pnrshgi phr su ghfdrn y `écian ugi prncugti.
Jurigtn ai mhgvnrsimbýg, usn na ghfdrn rnpbtbâgjhah piri sæ fbsfh virbis vnmns. Muigjh
ai pnrshgi sn firm`n, jbci? ‑(Ghfdrn), kun ug paimnr mhghmnrah‖.
;. Ishmbn na shgbjh jna ghfdrn mhg ai ipirbngmbi,
ipirbngmbi, ais nxprnsbhgns h na tridioh
jn ai pnrshgi. ]b na ghfdrn sungi mhfh firmh
firmh,, bficægnsnah jngtrh jn ug firmh. ]b
na ghfdrn sungi mhfh fircirbti, bficægnsnai usigjh ugi fircirbti ng su midnaah. Gh
fircirbti,
an jbci i ai pnrshgi ais fignris jbvnrtbjis ng qun rnmunrji su ghfdrn. \nrh muigth fés
crimbhsh sni na muijrh ng su fngtn, fés kémba snré rnmhrjir su ghfdrn.
3. \rncÿgtnan na sbcgbmijh h ai `bsthrbi jn su ghfdrn.
0. Nsmrbdi na ghfdrn jnspuâs jn qun ai pnrshgi sn `iyi firm`ijh. Zifdbâg
nsmrbdi ghtis qun an iyujng i rnmhrjir su ghfdrn.
2. Iuthnviaÿnsn. Fbrn i ai pnrshgi jnsjn ai jbstigmbi y rnpbti su ghfdrn. I fnjbji qun
ustnj primtbqun nsths snmrnths, jnsirrhaairé na `édbth jn rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns kémbafngtn.
Iacugis pnrshgis punjng rnmhrjir ahs ghfdrns jn 9< <<< pnrshgis qun mhghmng.
\ :4 Ng ai curi 3.99 rnsufi ahs gunvn mhgsnohs piri iyujir i rnmhrjir na ghfdrn jn
miji pnrshgi.

Gunvn mhgsnohs piri iyujiran i rnmhrjir na ghfdrn jn ugi pnrshgi

9.

4.

=.

:.

>.

;.

3.

0.

2.
Kbcuri 3.99 Gunvn mhgsnohs piri rnmhrjir ghfdrns.
^g pisthr gh pujh rnmhrjir na ghfdrn jn ugi pnrshgi qun sbrvbý mhfh uobnr ng su
mhgcrncimbýg phr mbgmh iùhs. ¸Mýfh pbngsi ustnj qun sn sngtbræi na uobnr imnrmi jn sæ
fbsfh y jna pisthr8 ^g prhknshr gh phjæi rnmhrjir na ghfdrn jn ug nstujbigtn qun `idæi
thfijh trns maisns mhg âa. ¸Mýfh pbngsi ustnj qun sn sngtbræi na nstujbigtn imnrmi jn sæ
fbsfh y jna prhknshr8
]b ustnj ns finstrh h pisthr, `ici ug jbicrifi jn punsths. Ahs nstujbigtns y ahs
fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg, phr ah cngnria, sn sbngtig ng ahs fbsfhs punsths miji
snfigi. @ici ug jbicrifi jn ahs punsths h jn ahs nsmrbthrbhs y nsmrbdi na ghfdrn
jn miji pnrshgi ng su aucir ng na jbicrifi. Aanvn mhg ustnj na jbicrifi jn punsths
i ai maisn h ia muath. \ruâdnsn. \rimtbqun fbrigjh i ai pnrshgi y susurrn su ghfdrn
piri ustnj fbsf
fbsfh.h. Mh
Mhgg ug pphqubth
hqubth jn pr
prémtbm
émtbmi,
i, pr
prhgth
hgth ssnré
nré mmipiz
ipiz jn gh
ghfdri
fdrirr i mmiji
iji
pnrshgi
pnrsh gi nngg na iuai. R thjhs iprn
iprnmbir
mbirég
ég nnaa `n
`nm`h
m`h jjnn qun ustnj prhgu
prhgugmbn
gmbn su gh
ghfdrn
fdrn..
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 499

\ := ¸Yuâ ns ug jbicrifi jn punsths8 \rnpirn ugh piri ai maisn qun ngsnùi h i ai

qun isbstn.

Kr􀁮󰁧t󰁮 j󐁮󰁡 󰁩󰁾a􀁩

Fin󰁺r􀁨
\󰁪r􀁨 I􀁡󰁢mb􀁩 Z󰁨f󰃩s A􀁢􀁡b􀁩 Oim􀁢󰁧t􀁨

Z󰁨f󰃩s O󐁨󰁽󰃢 F󰁨󰁢󰁽􀃢 A󰁾󰁢s F󰁩󰁴æ􀁩

N󰁪u󰁩r􀁪􀁨 F󰁩r 󰁺󰃦􀁧 A􀁢gj􀁩 Ir 󰁺󰁾r􀁨 Ou󰁩􀁧
Kbcuri 3.94
3.94 Mrnn ugi tidai jn punsths qun an iyujn i rnmhrjir
ahs ghfdrns jn sus nstujbigtns h jn ahs fbnfdrhs jn ai mhgcrncimbýg.

M. [ni na prbgmbpbh ; mhg nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi? Iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns.

\ :: Mhfpantn ai kcuri 3.9= mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs
shdrn iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis

Âx ==?93
==?93 ¸\hr quâ na
na ]nùhr
]nùhr immnjbý
immnjbý i nst
nstir
ir mhg Fhbsâs8
Fhbsâs8
¸Mrnn qun ]ifuna iacugi vnz havbjý qun Jbhs ah
9 ] =?:, 0 aaifý phr su ghfdrn8 ¸Ah igbfi sidnr qun
Jbhs ah mhghmn phr su ghfdrn8
¸Mýfh kun qun ug égcna igbfý i Jigbna8 ¸Iacugi
Jg 9<?99 vnz iacubng ah `i igbfijh shah phr iprngjnrsn
su ghfdrn8 Nxpabqun.
¸\hr quâ mrnn ustnj qun ai Dbdabi ngufnri ahs
Gn` = ghfdrns jn iqunaahs qun iyujirhg i rnmhgstrubr
rnm hgstrubr
ais punrtis y ais furiaais jn Onrusiaâg8
¸Yuâ vnrjij ngkitbzig n baustrig ais cngniahcæis
Ft 9
jn ai Dbdabi8
¸Yuâ thgh jn vhz sn bficbgi ustnj qun usý Onsÿs
Am 9<?:9
ia fngmbhgir na ghfdrn jn Firti jhs vnmns8
Og 9<?=
9<?= ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ nonfp
nonfpah
ah n
nsti
stidan
danmbý
mbý Jbhs
Jbhs pi
piri
ri ghsht
ghshtrhs
rhs8
8
¸I muégtis pnrshgis aaifý \idah phr su ghfdrn
Th 9;
ng na mipætuah 9; jn Thfighs8
¸Muégths ghfdrns fngmbhgi \idah ng
Mha :?3-90 Mhahsngsns :8 ¸Mýfh sn sbngtn ustnj sb
iacubng havbji su ghfdrn h ah prhgugmbig fia8
¸Ah igbfi sidnr qun Jbhs `i nsmrbth su ghfdrn ng
Ip =?>
su abdrh kivhrbth8
Kbcuri 3.9= \rimtbqun jnsmud
jnsmudrbngjh
rbngjh na viahr jn iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns sncÿg no
nonfpahs
nfpahs ng ais Nsmrbturis.

J. [ni na prbgmbpbh ; mhg nonfpahs jn ai vbji jn htrhs `hy?

Tnmunrjn ghfdrns.
\ :> ¸Mýfh sn iprngjbý ug finstrh ahs ghfdrns jn thjhs sus nstujbigtns8 ¸Muéa kun
na rnsuatijh8

^g nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh ;? rnmhrjir ghfdrns

¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Muigjh yh nri ug finstrh ohvng.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng na ]nfbgirbh Dædabmh.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 Iarnjnjhr jn =< nstujbigtns y yh.
Kbcuri 3.9: Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

494 Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

 [bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr
^g nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh ;? rnmhrjir ghfdrns
Na prbfnr jæi jn maisns igbfâ i ahs nstujbigtns i nsmhcnr na aucir qun
¸Yuâ hmurrbý8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi).
naahs qubsbnrig phr nsi snfigi. Ngthgmns an pnjæ i miji nstujbigtn qun sn prnsngtiri y qun ghs
`idairi ug phmh imnrmi jn su fbgbstnrbh. Rh `idæi prnpirijh ug jbicrifi jn ppunsths.
unsths. Isæ qun, i
fnjbji qun miji nstujbigtn `idaidi, yh nsmrbdæi su ghfdrn y iacugis ghtis imnrmi jna nstujbigtn
ng na jbicrifi. Muigjh na sncugjh nstujbigtn sn prnsngtý, nsmrbdæ su ghfdrn. Ngthgmns prhgugmbâ
su ghfdrn virbis vnmns piri fæ fbsfh y tifdbâg rnpntæi na ghfdrn jna prbfnr nstujbigtn. Muigjh
na tnrmnr nstujbigtn sn prnsngtý, rnpntæ su ghfdrn. R fn pusn i prundi primtbmigjh ahs ghfdrns
jn ahs jhs prbfnrhs nstujbigtns. ]ncuæ `imbngjh nsth `isti qun nsmrbdæ thjhs ahs ghfdrns jn fbs
trnbgti gunvhs nstujbigtns. Muigjh thjhs sn prnsngtirhg, yh phjæi rnmhrjir iacughs ghfdrns.
I ah airch jna prbfnr pnrbhjh, primtbquâ fbrigjh i ahs nstujbigtns y rnpbtbngjh sus ghfdrns
fngtiafngtn. ]b ah havbjidi, an jidi ugi répbji fbriji ia jbicrifi piri imhrjirfn. Jnspuâs jn
ugi `hri, yi fn `idæi iprngjbjh ahs ghfdrns jn qubgmn jn ahs nstujbigtns jn fb maisn. I`hri shah
fn qunjidig qubgmn ghfdrns phr iprngjnr. An thfâ ugi khthcrikæi ia cruph y fn ai aanvâ i misi.
Nsi ghm`n, fbrâ ai khthcrikæi y primtbquâ jbmbngjh ahs ghfdrns jn thjhs fbs nstujbigtns. \iri
na sncugjh jæi, yi `idæi iprngjbjh ahs ghfdrns jn thjhs ahs trnbgti. Nsth kun jbvnrtbjh, mhfh ug
ounch piri fæ. Miji vnz qun ug nstujbigtn
nstujbigtn anvigtidi su figh, ah aaifi
aaifidi
di phr su ghfdrn. Ng htris
hmisbhgns, sb ug nstujbigtn nstidi fuy miaaijh, ah aaifidi phr su ghfdrn y an `imæi ugi prncugti
imnrmi jn ai anmmbýg. Zifdbâg, igbfidi i ahs nstujbigtns i iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns jn thjhs ahs
jnfés. Iacugis vnmns yh prncugtidi? ‑Ouig, ¸sidn na ghfdrn jna tnrmnr nstujbigtn jn ai prbfnri
p rbfnri
ai8‖. ]b âa jnmæi qun gh, yh rnpntæi na ghfdrn y fngmbhgidi iach dungh imnrmi jn âa. Ia gia jn ai
snfigi, thjhs ghs mhghmæifhs. Miji nstujbigtn sngtæi qun nri ug fbnfdrh bfphrtigtn jn ai maisn.
Miji ugh tridioidi irjuifngtn, sidbngjh qun thjhs iaaæ ah mhghmæig. Na jnsnfpnùh jn miji pnrshgi
nri bfphrtigtn,
Dngnmbh ¡phrqun
jn primtbmir su ghfdrn
na prbgmbpbh nstidi
;? Zhjhs ng ounch! jbskrutidig ai maisn. Zhjhs tridioidig
ahs nstujbigtns
irjuifngtn piri icrijirfn, phrqun yh jnfhstrâ ug bgtnrâs pnrshgia p nrshgia ng naahs. Fb nonfpah ans
ngsnùý ugi jn ais anmmbhgns fés viabhsis? Ns fuy bfphrtigtn iprngjnrsn ahs ghfdrns jn ais
pnrshgis i ais qun ans snrvbfhs. Nsth ans jnfunstri qun ghs bgtnrnsig y ahs viahrifhs.
Kbcuri 3.9: Nonfpah jn rnmhrjir ghfdrns
ghfdrns ng ai vbji (jhs fbguth
fbguths).
s).
\ :; ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh ; nsti snfigi. Igtns jn aancir i ai sbcubngtn maisn,
mhgtnstn thjis ais prncugtis jn ai anmmbýg =< shdrn su fnohr nonfpah jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh ;,
mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi 3.9>.

Anmmbýg ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.

Hdontbvh I? Tnsufbr ais rizhgns piri nxprnsir critbtuj.
=< Hdontbvh D? Baustrir ai nxprnsbýg jn critbtuj i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn ai vbji jn htrhs y jn su
prhpbi vbji.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg 42. Zhfn jn 9< i 9> fbguths ng ai maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns
mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh ; qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi.
\ :3 Mhfpantn ai curi 3.9> igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn maisn
y qun miji ugh mhfpirti phr jhs fbguths su `bsthrbi shdrn ai prémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh ; imnrmi jn
rnmhrjir ghfdrns.
Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh ;
(^stnj mhfpirtbré ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

Kbcuri 3.9> Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 49=

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh ;
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8
¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai).

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh ;?

Kbcuri 3.9> \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh ;, sni pnrshgia y aaifn i ais pnrshgis phr su ghfdrn (su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths).
\ :0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis piri thji ai maisn shdrn na prbgmbpbh ;

\ :2 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ >< ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 3.9; Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
shdrn ai prémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh ;.
Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg =<? ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ugi chti jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
Knabmbtimbhgns shdrn su prhcrnsh. ¡]hah an kiatig jhs anmmbhgns fés jnspuâs jn nsti!

\ >9 Ng ai curi 3.93 nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9 ia 3 piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns.
Mipætuah Anmmbýg \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =.
43 :.
40 >.
42 ;.
3 =< 3.
=9 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis, ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri 3.93 Ahs gunvn prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4).
4:”=4).
I. Nxbstng fum`is rizhgns piri jnfhstrir icrijnmbfbngth.
¸\hr quâ
¡phrqun Âa nsan Jbhs!
fhstrifhs icrijnmbfbngth
An jndnfhs i Jbhs8 An
icrijnmbfbngth i Âajndnfhs
phrqun `hgri
Âa ns ygunstrh
critbtujMrnijhr,
i Jbhs, \ >4 ¸\hr quâ an
fhstrifhs icrijnmbfbngth
i Jbhs8
\ijrn, Tnjngthr y \rhvnnjhr
\rhvnnjhr..
¸\hr quâ ans nxprnsifhs critbtuj i ais pnrshgis8 Na icrijnmbfbngth ns ugi jnuji \ >= ¸Muéans shg
qun tngnfhs mhg iqunaahs qun ghs sbrvng. Ai Dbdabi ghs ngsnùi i `hgrir i qubngns sn ah iacugis jn ais rizhgns phr
ai qun ans figbknstifhs
fnrnmng, phrqun sn ah jndnfhs (Th 9=?3). Na icrijnmbfbngth ns ugi khrfi jn `hgrir. critbtuj i ais pnrshgis8
Ans jndnfhs `hgri y icrijnmbfbngth i gunstrhs pijrns, aæjnrns, finstrhs, mhmbgnrhs,
pnrshgia jn abfpbnzi y i ugi airci absti jn pnrshgis ng ai shmbnjij qun ghs iyujig.
Miji vnz qun ugi pnrshgi rnmbdn ug prnfbh h iacÿg âxbth, sbnfprn `iy ugi fuatbtuj jn
pnrshgis tris distbjhrns qun ah
ah `bmbnrhg
`bmbnrhg phsbdan.
phsbdan. Iacughs fbnfdrhs jn ug nqubph rnmbdng
fés rnmhghmbfbngth qun htrhs, pnrh thjhs shg viabhshs. Funstrn icrijnmbfbngth, gh phr
ah qun ustnj punjn rnmbdbr, sbgh phrqun ais pnrshgis sn ah fnrnmng.

49: Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

Jurigtn mbgmungti iùhs jn fbgbstnrbh, na fbsbhgnrh Fhgrhn Jivbj Crifs shaæi

jnfhstrir icrijnmbfbngth. \hr snr finstrh ng vnbgtn gimbhgns jn Ifârbmi Aitbgi, na
fbsbhgnrh Crifs mhghmbý pnrshgis jn thjh
\ >: ¸Mýfh ans
gbvna jn iuthrbjij. Mhgvnrsidi mhg ahs qun
jnfhstridi su critbtuj i abjnridig shdrn ais gimbhgns y mhg ahs qun sn
ais pnrshgis na fbsbhgnrh hmupidig jn ais mhmbgis. Kun nonfpair ng na
Crifs8 pich jn sus jnujis mhg ai shmbnjij. \hr
jhgjnqubnri qun bdi jnoidi ug ristrh jn dungi
vhaugtij. Ahs qun snrvæig ng ai mhmbgi thjivæi
 ah rnmunrjig, phrqun jnspuâs jn miji snfbgirbh
âa sn thfidi ugi khth mhg naahs y jnspuâs sn ai
ngvbidi mhg ugi ghti jn icrijnmbfbngth ng ai
Kbcuri 3.90
pirtn phstnrbhr
phstnrbhr.piri
icrijnmbfbngth . ^g ugi pnqunùh rnciah
pnrshgi vbvi jn
sbcgbmi Na fbsbhgnrh Fhgrhn Jivbj Crifs ans
jnfhstridi su critbtuj i thjhs, i ahs
mbng vnmns fés qun ug mifbýg aangh jn rnciahs qun nstidig shdrn ais gimbhgns y i ahs
ng su tufdi. Ai critbtuj sbnfprn ns iprnmbiji. qun nstidig ng ais mhmbgis.
]idbh jbmn? ]ni ug fngsionrh sidbh. Mhfpirti ugi critbtuj sbgmnri mhg ais pnrshgis
y naahs idrbrég su mhrizýg ifpabifngtn ia fngsion qun Jbhs an jbh i ustnj piri qun
mhfpirtbnri mhg naahs.
\ >> ¸Mrný Jbhs i ¸\hr quâ an fhstrifhs icrijnmbfbngth i ai cngtn8 Fhstrifhs critbtuj phrqun nsi
thjis ais pnrshgis mhg ns ugi jn gunstris fiyhrns gnmnsbjijns. Mhfh `ufighs, tngnfhs fum`is gnmnsbjijns.
ugi gnmnsbjij jn rnmbdbr
icrijnmbfbngth8 Nxpabqun.
Kæsbmifngtn, gnmnsbtifhs ibrn piri rnspbrir, pig piri mhfnr y icui piri dndnr. Miji jæi
gnmnsbtifhs virbis `hris jn jnsmigsh piri gunstrh munrph. Jn bcuia fignri, tngnfhs
\ >; ¸Tnmunrji ustnj
gnmnsbjijns nfhmbhgians y nspbrbtuians. Jbhs `i mrnijh i miji pnrshgi mhg ai gnmnsbjij
iacugis hmisbhgns ng qun
ais pnrshgis an `iyig jn sngtbrsn iprnmbijh y viabhsh. Ai vbji punjn snr jbkæmba y ais pnrshgis mrunans.
icrijnmbjh8 Nxpabqun. ^gi piaidri jn iprnmbh baufbgi na mhrizýg y anvigti ai midnzi. Na iprnmbh ns critubth,
pnrh
i ais vian ugi khrtugi.
pnrshgis I fnjbji
y nanviré qun ustnj
su nspærbtu. ¸\hrthfn tbnfph
muégth pirirnmunrji
tbnfph fhstrirustnj
su iprnmbh, fhtbviré
na iprnmbh qun
htris pnrshgis an `ig jnfhstrijh8 \iri iacughs, rnmbdbr iprnmbh ns tig nxtriùh qun ah
punjng rnmhrjir phr ug fns h phr thji ai vbji. Ijnfés, ais pnrshgis ah ifirég y ah
iprnmbirég i ustnj phr jirsn mungti jn su irjuh tridioh, simrbmbh y nskunrzhs piri
dngjnmbr i htrhs. Ai mrætbmi mbnrri punrtis,
punrtis, pnrh ai critbtuj idrn na mhrizýg.
Na prnsbjngtn Idri`if Abgmhag aanvý i ahs Nstijhs ^gbjhs i abdnrir i ahs nsmaivhs
jngtrh jn sus krhgtnris. Na tnfi jn ai nsmaivbtuj jbvbjbý ia piæs y hmisbhgý ugi cunrri
mbvba jn muitrh iùhs. Fés jn ;<< <<< shajijhs furbnrhg ng ais ditiaais. Abgmhag
\ >3 ¸Yuâ kun ah qun
rnmbdbý fum`is mrætbmis phr jhgjnqubnri qun bdi. \nrh ugi idunai an ngvbý ugi mirti
igbfý i ug prnsbjngtn ng sus jn nstæfuah. Naai an icrijnmæi ia prnsbjngtn phr `imnr ah qun nri mhrrnmth, i pnsir jn
fhfngths jn fés jbmuatij8 qun na mhsth jn ai abdnrtij `ufigi nri tig nanvijh.
Nsti ÿgbmi mirti jn critbtuj kun jn ugi shabjirbjij
tig crigjn qun na prnsbjngtn ai aanvidi mhgsbch

ng na dhasbaah jn
jnsiangtijhris, su idrbch. anæi
na prnsbjngtn Ng krnmungtnfngtn
sus `hris fés
nsti mirti y sn igbfidi.
Ia gia jn ug pnrbhjh jn snrvbmbh jn muitrh iùhs,
ug fbsbhgnrh bdi i rncrnsir i su piæs jn hrbcng. \iri
\ >0 ¸Mýfh punjn nxprnsiran su icrijnmbfbngth, iacughs pisthrns i
ustnj igbfir i ais pnrshgis qubngns âa `idæi snrvbjh rnmhcbnrhg ugi hkrngji y an
iùh tris iùh iugqun ans mhfprirhg ugi nsmuaturi jn fijnri. Na fbsbhgnrh
funstrn su critbtuj ugi Kbcuri 3.92 Iacughs ifbchs, ng
shai vnz8 ugi hmisbýg, an jbnrhg ug rnciah jn sn sbgtbý `hgrijh phr tia nxprnsbýg jn icrijnmbfbngth.
icrijnmbfbngth, pnrh nstn igbfý ia Âa mhahmý ai nsmuaturi ng su `hcir. Tnmbdbý na rnciah
fbsbhgnrh fba vnmns. ugi shai vnz, pnrh nstn ah igbfý fbans jn vnmns.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 49>

Gh mhgkugji na iprnmbh `hgnsth mhg ai ijuaimbýg. ¸Muéa ns ai jbknrngmbi8 Ai ijuaimbýg \ >2 ¸Muéa ns ai
ns supnrmbia, nchæsti n `bpýmrbti. Ahs qun ijuaig tbngng fhtbvimbhgns nqubvhmijis jbknrngmbi ngtrn ijuaimbýg y
ugi iprnmbimbýg `hgnsti8
mhfh figbpuair h ngciùir i htrhs. Ais Nsmrbturis ghs ijvbnrtng? ‑Na `hfdrn qun abshgoni Baustrn.
i su prýobfh, rnj tbngjn jnaigtn jn sus pishs‖ (\r 42?>). Ai fiyhræi jn ais pnrshgis
punjn bjngtbmir ai ijuaimbýg. I jbknrngmb
jbknrngmbii jn ai ijuaimbýg, nxprnsir iprnmbh sbgmnrh ns
`hgnsth, drhti jn ug mhrizýg purh y ns mhg ug dung prhpýsbth. Mhfh hdsnrvifhs
igtnrbhrfngtn, ai Dbdabi ghs ngsnùi i fhstrir `hghr y iprnmbh phrqun ns ugi jnuji qun
tngnfhs mhg ais pnrshgis phr sus simrbmbhs y irjuh tridioh. Fhstrir iprnmbh ns ugi
fignri jn njbmir y igbfirghs ughs i htrhs mhfh ais Nsmrbturis ghs nx`hrtig i `imnrah
(Th 9:?925 9 Mh 9:?4;5 @nd =?9=). Nvbtn ai ijuaimbýg, pnrh nstâ jbspunsth i nxprnsir ug
iprnmbh `hgnsth.
Funstrn su iprnmbh ng ugi fignri qun an `idan ia rnmnpthr. \rhgugmbn piaidris ifidans \ ;< ¸\hr quâ ns
gnmnsirbh nxprnsir na iprnmbh
`imbi ahs qun ans custig ais piaidris ifidans. Figbnstn su iprnmbh mhfpirtbngjh ugi
jn jbknrngtns fignris8
Baustrn.
mhfbji, jégjhans
ugi pnrshgi iach jn su tbnfph,
h prnsngtégjhan rnmhghmbngjh
ug hdsnqubh. na tætuah jn
R sb ai gnmnsbjij
fés crigjn jn ugi pnrshgi ns gigmbnri, jnan ugi hkrngji.
^gi hgzi jn critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj.
^gi `bsthrbi fuy crimbhsi mungti qun ia \ ;9 ¸Mýfh punjn
ustnj igbfir i ai pnrshgi
gia jn ug jæi, na mhmbgnrh mhahmý ugi
qun mhmbgi h qun sbrvn
crig pbai jn `ngh ng ai fnsi jn ahs ai mhfbji8
tridioijhrns. Ahs `hfdrns sn qunoirhg y
prncugtirhg sb na mhmbgnrh sb sn `idæi vunath
ahmh. Âa rnsphgjbý? ‑H`, gh pngsâ qun ustnjns
ghtirig ai jbknrngmbi. Jurigtn jbnz iùhs `n
nstijh sbrvbâgjhans dungi mhfbji y oifés `n
nsmum`ijh jn ustnjns ugi piaidri qun fn `bmbnri
sidnr qun ustnjns gh nstidig mhfbngjh
sbfpanfngtn `ngh‖.

D. [ni na prbgmbpbh 3 mhg ahs nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi?

Jnfhstrir icrijnmbfbngth.
\ ;4 Mhfpantn ai curi 3.49, mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis imnrmi jn ahs pisions dædabmhs
shdrn na prbgmbpbh 3.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis

¸Zigth
¸Zigth ai ijuaimbýg mhfh na iprnmbh sbgmnrh shg
\r 42?>
bgtngmbhgians8 ¸Muéa ns ai jbknrngmbi8
Fia 9?; ¸Yuâ
¸Yuâ p
prnc
rncugt
ugtis
is ans `bzh
`bzh J
Jbhs
bhs i ahs
ahs bsrina
bsrinabti
btis8
s8
¸Mýfh kun qun ugi fuonr an fhstrý su critbtuj i
Ft 4;?3 Onsÿs8 ¸Muéans shg iacugis fignris ng qun
phjnfhs nxprnsir icrijnmbfbngth sbgmnrh8
Jnspuâs jn qun Onsÿs sigý i ahs jbnz anprhshs,
¸quâ ah ibcbý8 ¸Iacugi vnz sn `i sngtbjh
Am 93?99-92 ibcbjh phr ai fbsfi rizýg phr ai qun Onsÿs
sn ibcbý8 ¸^stnj imhstufdri nxprnsirans su
critbtuj i Jbhs y i ahs jnfés8
¸Mýfh ans nxprnsi icrijnmbfbngth Jbhs i ahs qun
Og :?=;
nvigcnabzig y jbsmbpuaig i htrhs8
¸Muéans shg iacughs nonfpahs jn fhstrirans i ais
Th 9=?3
pnrshgis na iprnmbh qun sn fnrnmng8
Kbcuri 3.49 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

49; Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

[bngn
Znxjn
th ai pécbgi igtnrbhr Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis
\idah ns ug nonfpah iprhpbijh jn fhstrir iprnmbh.
Jhgjnqubnri qun âa fbgbstridi, picidi sus jnujis
Th 9;?9-9=, jn critbtuj mhg `hfdrns y fuonrns. Ng Thfighs
4>-43 9;, ¸qubâgns shg iacughs i ahs qun \idah ans
funstri su iprnmbh8 ¸Muéans shg iacugis mhsis
nspnmæmis phr ais qun âa ans icrijnmæi8
¸Mýfh jndn ai mhgcrncimbýg nxprnsir su iprnmbh i
9 Zb >?93 ahs qun ngsnùig8
¸Mýfh jboh \idah qun ai mhgcrncimbýg jndæi
9 Zb > fhstrirans iprnmbh i ais vbujis pbijhsis8
¸Yuâ pnmijh jn ahs ÿatbfhs jæis ngufnri \idah
4 Zb =?4 jnspuâs jn snr jnshdnjbngtns i ahs pijrns8
¸Yuâ iprnmbh figbknstý Onsÿs i ais snbs
Ip 4”= mhgcrncimbhgns jn Isbi8 ([ni ai curi =.> jna tnxth
jn Iphmiabpsbs y Jigbna, jn ai snrbn jn Kn y Immbýg)
Ip :?99
:?99 ¸\hr quâ ais
critbtuj Nsmrbturis ghs jbrbcng i fhstrir `hgri y
i Jbhs8
Kbcuri 3.49 \rimtbqun jnsmudrbngjh
jnsmudrbngjh ahs vnrsæmuahs
vnrsæmuahs jn ai Dbdabi shdrn
shdrn na prbgmbpbh 3? Fhstrir critbtuj.
M. [ni na prbgmbpbh 3 mhg nonfpahs jn ai vbji jn htrhs?
Jnfhstrir icrijnmbfbngth.
 \ ;= ¸Mýfh kun qun na iprnmbh jn ug finstrh bguyý ng ugh jn sus nstujbigtns8
Nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh 3? Jnfhstrir icrijnmbfbngth
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ia mhfbngzh jna fbgbstnrbh jn ug finstrh.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng ug snfbgirbh dædabmh, ng ugi maisn jn nsmrbturi.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 [nbgtn nstujbigtns y ug fbsbhgnrh.
¸Yuâ hmurrbý8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi). Fbngtris miabmidi ugis tirnis, jnsmudræ qun ugi baustrimbýg qun
nsmrbdbý Ohrcn nri nxmnpmbhgia. Fn shrprngjbý. Âa nri ug nstujbigtn trigqubah y yh gh `idæi
rnmhghmbjh na bgmrnædan tiangth qun Jbhs an `idæi jijh. Ia jæi sbcubngtn, sbg fngmbhgir su ghfdrn,
an anæ ai baustrimbýg i ai maisn n `bmn âgkisbs ng ais khrfis ng qun âa jnsirrhaaý ai `bsthrbi. Aunch fn
jbrbcæ i Ohrcn, an ngtrncuâ su tridioh y ah nahcbâ phr su shdrnsiabngtn nsmrbth. Zrnbgti iùhs jnspuâs,
Ohrcn fn jboh qun nsn jæi kun ug fhfngth jnmbsbvh ng su vbji. Jn iacugi fignri, ng nsn fhfngth
jn mhgrfimbýg y iprnmbh, Ohrcn kun mhgsmbngtn jna viabhsh jhg qun Jbhs an `idæi jijh. Jnsjn nsn
jæi ng ijnaigtn, nstuvh fuy jbspunsth i usir su jhg jn nsmrbdbr piri ai cahrbi jn Jbhs. Ng iacugis
muaturis, ugi rnimmbýg hpunsti ns ah qun ng vnrjij hmurrn. Muigjh ug finstrh jn ug *cruph muaturia
nahcbý i ug nstujbigtn phr `idnr ahcrijh ai miabmimbýg fés iati jn ai maisn, na nstujbigtn nstidi
tig ipngijh y ivnrchgzijh igtn jn sus mhfpiùnrhs qun kiaaý ng ahs sbcubngtns muitrh nxéfngns
piri gh snr nxiatijh gunvifngtn ngtrn sus mhfpiùnrhs. Zngci mubjijh jn fhstrir su iprnmbh jn
=

fignris ijnmuijis sncÿg ai muaturi.

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 3? \hr miusi jn ug finstrh qun nxprnsý su iprnmbh, ug nstujbigtn y
thjhs i su iarnjnjhr jnsmudrbnrhg ug viabhsh jhg qun Jbhs an `idæi mhgmnjbjh. ^g fbguth jn iprnmbh
bguyý ng ug fbgbstnrbh jn =< iùhs.
Kbcuri 3.44 Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh 3 ng ai vbji (jhs fbguths).

]idbh jbmn?ns
jn ug isgh ‑Naugi
icrijnmbfbngth
pitiji5 pnrh
ug `hfdrn sidbh jbmn ‑crimbis‖
y ah `imn prhgth‖.

\ ;: ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh 3 nsti snfigi. Igtns jn

aancir i su sbcubngtn maisn, mhgtnstn thjis ais prncugtis ng ai anmmbýg =9,
mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi 3.4= shdrn su fnohr nonfpah jnspuâs jn `idnr
primtbmijh na prbgmbpbh
prbgmbpbh 3, jnfhstrir icrijnmbfbngth.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 493

]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis ng vnz jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.

Anmmbýg Hdontbvh I? Bjngtbmir ais rizhgns piri jbrbcbr mhg prncugtis y nxpabmir ais maivns piri abjnrir jn
=9 nsti fignri.
Hdontbvh D? Baustrir na prbgmbpbh 0, cubigjh mhg prncugtis i pirtbr jn nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi, jn ahs jnfés
y jn su fbgbstnrbh.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg =<. Zhfn jn 9< i 9> fbguths ng maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns
mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jn ai prémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh 3.
\ ;> Mhfpantn ai curi 3.4= igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn ug mhfpiùnrh jn
maisn y qun miji ugh mhfpirti phr jhs fbguths sus `bsthrbis shdrn na prbgmbpbh 3 qun
pusbnr hg ng prémtb
prémtbmi.
mi.

Ipugtns piri su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 3

(^stnj ai mhfpirtbré ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8 (Gérrnai).

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 3?

Kbcuri 3.4= \rémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh 3? ]ni icrijnmbjh5 ai critbtuj ngjuazi ai imtbtuj. (]u `bsthr
`bsthrbi
bi jn jhs fbguths).
\ ;; ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? jhs `bsthrbis piri thji ai maisn shdrn na prbgmbpbh 9

\ ;3 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ ;0 ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 3.4: Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
shdrn na prbgmbpbh 3 qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi.
Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg =9? ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg prncugtis ng vnz jn nstidanmnr
mhgmausbhgns.
\ ;2 Ng ai curi 3.4> nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9”0 piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns.

Mipætuah Anmmbýg \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns

4: 9.
4> 4.
;
4; =.
43 :.
Kbcuri 3.4> Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

490 Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Mipætuah Anmmbýg \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns

40 >.
42 ;.
3 =< 3.
=9 0.
=4 2. ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
Kbcuri 3.4> Gunvn prbgmbpbhs
prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4).
I. Nxbstng fum`is rizhgns piri cubir mhg pr
prncugtis.
ncugtis.
\ 3< ¸Muéans shg Ais prncugtis cngnrig rnaimbhgns. ]b qunrnfhs qun iacubng ghs idri ai punrti jn
iacugis rizhgns piri cubir
su misi, thmifhs i su punrti. ]b qunrnfhs qun iacubng ghs idri ai punrti jn su fngtn y
mhg prncugtis8
jn su mhrizýg, `imnfhs prncugtis.
Ais prncugtis punjng jnspnrtir imtbtujns jn mhhpnrimbýg y jn ifbstij. Ais
prncugtis funstrig rnspnth phr na mhghmbfbngth y na pugth jn vbsti jn ai htri pnrshgi.
Ng aucir jn jnmbrans iach i ais pnrshgis, jâonais jnsmudrbrah phr sæ fbsfis. Ahs aæjnrns
`édbans sn rnnrng i nsth mhfh cubir `imbi na jnsmudrbfbngth.
Ais prncugtis sidbis bgvbtig ia jbéahch, i ai pirtbmbpimbýg y i ai nviauimbýg. Ais
dungis prncugtis idrng ai fngtn y na mhrizýg y khrt
khrtianmng
ianmng ais rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns.. Ns phr nsh pphr
hr
ah qun bgmaubfhs ngtrn :<< i ><< prncugtis ng miji abdrh jn ai ]nrbn Kn y Immbýg. Ng
aucir jn jir ýrjngns, `imnr imusimbhgns h jir mhgsnohs, mhfbngmn mhg ugi prncugti mhfh
‑¸@i mhgsbjnrijh ustnj…8‖, h, ‑¸mýfh rnsufbræi ustnj na jnsikæh qun ngkrngtifhs8‖,
h, ‑¸muéans shg iacughs pishs piri rnsphgjnr i gunstrh jnsikæh h prhdanfi8‖. ‑¸Mrnn
ustnj qun snræi ÿtba piri…8‖.
\ 39 ]b Onsÿs sidæi Na ush jn prncugtis ans pnrfbtn i ais pnrshgis sngtbrsn sncuris ia mhgsbjnrir ahs
thjis ais rnspunstis, ¸phr
tnfis ng na mhgtnxth jn ugi jbsmusbýg ifbsthsi. Onsÿs mhghmæi ai rnspunsti i miji
quâ Âa `bzh tigtis prncugtis8
prncugti. ]bg nfdirch, ahs nvigcnabhs rncbstrig fés jn mbng prncugtis qun Onsÿs `bzh.
Muigjh ghs imhstufdrifhs i `imnr prncugtis, sncubfhs ahs pishs jna fnohr mhfugbmijhr
qun `iyi mifbgijh shdrn ai tbnrri. \iri ugi hrbngtimbýg ng bgcaâs, mhgsuatn?
 `ttp?//dahc.ijw.hrc/wp-mhgtngt
`ttp?//dahc.ijw.hrc/wp-mhgtngt/upahijs/
/upahijs/
9<<-Yunstbhgs-t`it-Onsus-isenj-igj-RH^-fust
9<<-Yunstbhgs-t`it-Onsus-isenj-igj-RH^-fust-igswnr
-igswnr.pjk
.pjk

8
\ 34 ¸Yuâ nrrhr ¡\rnmiumbýg! Gh `ici jnfisbijis prncugtis, sbgh ugis
jndnfhs nvbtir ia `imnr muigtis. Iacughs aæjnrns ¡gh `imng GBGC^GI prncugti! Gh
prncugtis8

8
bgtnrrhcun i ugi pnrshgi mhfh sb kunri ug tnstbch igtn ug
trbdugia. Gh sni fuy jbrnmth, gb nxispnrn i ai pnrshgi, mhfh 8
sb ai nstuvbnri chapnigjh mhg prncugtis. ]hgræi y pirnzmi
ifbcidan. \nrfignzmi rnaioijh. Khrfuan ugi prncugti i ai vnz.
\nrfætian i ai htri pnrshgi sumbngtn tbnfph piri mhgtnstir.
Isbngtn mhg su midnzi ug phqubth fbngtris iacubng `idai.
D. [ni na prbgmbpbh 0 mhg nonfpahs jn ai Dbdabi? Cubir mhg prncugtis.
\ 3= Mhfpantn ai curi 3.4; mhgtnstigjh ais prncugtis shdrn ahs pisions dædabmhs imnrmi
jna prbgmbpbh 0.

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis

¸\hr quâ Jbhs an prncugtý i Ijég, ‑¸Jýgjn
Cg =?2 nstés tÿ8‖8
¸\hr quâ Jbhs an prncugti i Naæis ‑¸Yuâ
9 T 92?9=
`imns iquæ, Naæis8‖8
¸Mýfh kun qun ais prncugtis jn Jbhs
Ohd =0?9”:<?4
aanvirhg i Ohd ia irrnpngtbfbngth8
Kbcuri 3.4; Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 492

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Znxth Mhfngtirbhs y prncugtis ]us rnspunstis
¸Yuâ prncugtis an `bzh Jbhs i Bsiæis mhg na kg jn
Bs ;?0
cubirah piri qun sn hkrnmbnri i iyujir8
¸Mýfh iyujirhg ais prncugtis jn Jbhs i ianoir i
Ohg :?:,
Ohgés jn su bri, hjbh y prnoubmbh y hptir phr
2, 99d
ai fbsnrbmhrjbi8
¸\hr quâ Onsÿs prncugtý? ‑¸Yubâg, puns, jn nsths
Am 9<?=; trns tn pirnmn qun kun na UdungV prýobfh jna qun
miyý ng fighs jn ahs aijrhgns8‖8
¸Jn quâ fignri ais prncugtis jna ]nùhr aanvirhg i
Ft 9;?9=-4<
\njrh i mrnnr ng sæ fbsfh y ng Mrbsth8
¸Yuâ prncugti usý Onsÿs piri cubir ahs pngsifbngths
Ft 93?4:-43
jn \njrh ng muigth i ahs bfpunsths8

Ft 44?9>-44
44?9>-44 ¸Mýf
¸Mýfh
h rnsphg
rnsphgjbý
jbý Onsÿ
Onsÿs
s i ugi trifpi jn
jnaa ngnfbc
ngnfbch8
h8

Kbcuri 3.4; \rimtbqun jnsmu

jnsmudrbngjh
drbngjh na prbgmbpbh 0 ng ahs nonf
nonfpahs
pahs jn ais Nsmrbturis.
]idbh jbmn? @imnr dungis prncugtis gh ns kémba. \unjn thfir mbgmh fbguths pngsir ng
mýfh `imnr ugi prncugti mhrrnmti, pnrh shah mbgmh sncugjhs ng mhgtnstirai. Na jbstbgtbvh
jn ug aæjnr sidbh ns ai `idbabjij jn `imnr dungis prncugtis.
Onsÿs `bzh fum`is maisns jn prncugtis. Miji prncugti qun `bzh tngæi ug prhpýsbth.
\ 3: ¸Muéa ns na
Ani miji ugi jn ais prncugtis qun vnré i mhgtbguimbýg y tritn jn nxpabmir na prhpýsbth jbstbgtbvh jn ug aæjnr sidbh8
jn ai prncugti jn Onsÿs. Nstidanmnr ug prhpýsbth mairh ns na prbfnr pish piri `imnr ugi Nxpabqun.
dungi prncugti.
\ 3> Mhfpantn ai curi 3.43 igiabzigjh ais prncugtis qun Onsÿs `bzh.

Fitnh \rncugtis \rhpýsbths

‑R sb siaujébs i vunstrhs `nrfighs shaifngtn, ¸quâ
>?:3
`imâbs jn fés8 ¸Gh `imng tifdbâg isæ ahs cngtbans8‖
‑¸R qubâg jn vhshtrhs phjré, phr fum`h qun sn
;?43
ikign, iùijbr i su nstituri ug mhjh8‖
‑¸R phr quâ fbris ai pioi qun nsté ng na hoh jn tu
3?= `nrfigh, y gh nm`is jn vnr ai vbci qun nsté ng tu
prhpbh hoh8‖
‑\hr sus kkruths
ruths ahs m
mhghmnrâbs.
hghmnrâbs. ¸Im
¸Imish
ish sn rnmhc
rnmhcng
ng
3?9; uvis jn ahs nspbghs, h `bchs jn ahs idrhohs8‖
‑¸Mrnâbs qun punjh `imnr nsth8 Naahs jbonrhg?
2?40
]æ, ]nùhr‖.
 99?9; ‑Fis ¸i quâ mhfpirirâ nsti cngnrim
cngnrimbýg8‖
býg8‖

‑¸Mýfh punjn iacu

iacugh
gh ngtrir ng ai misi jna `hf
`hfdrn
drn
94?42
kunrtn, y siqunir sus dbngns, sb prbfnrh gh an iti8‖
‑Tnsphgjbngjh âa ia qun an jnmæi nsth, jboh? ¸Yubâg
94?:0
ns fb fijrn, y qubâgns shg fbs `nrfighs8‖
‑¸\hr quâ tifdbâg vhshtrhs qundrigtébs na
9>?=
figjifbngth jn Jbhs phr vunstri trijbmbýg8‖
9;?9> ‑R vhshtrhs, ¸qubâg jnmæs qun shy yh8‖

‑¸Yuâ iprhvnm`iré ia `hfdrn, sb cigirn thjh na

9;?4; fugjh, y pnrjbnrn su iafi8 ¸H quâ rnmhfpngsi
jiré na `hfdrn phr su iafi8‖

4<?=4 ‑R jntngbâgjhsn Ons

Onsÿs,
ÿs, ahs aaifý, y ans jboh? ¸Yuâ
qunrâbs qun hs `ici8‖
49?:4 ‑¸Gugmi anæstnbs ng ais Nsmrbturis…8‖

Kbcuri 3.43 Mhgtbgÿi ng ai sbcubngtn pécbgi

44< Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

[bngn jn ai pécbgi igtnrbhr

Fitnh \rncugtis \rhpýsbths

4=?== ‑¸Mýfh nsmipirâb

nsmipirâbs
s jn ai mhgjngimbýg jna bgnrgh8‖

‑… y jboh i \njrh? ¸Isæ qun gh `idâbs phjbjh vnair

4;?:<
mhgfbch ugi `hri8‖
43?:; ‑Jbhs fæh, Jbhs fæh, ¸phr quâ fn `is jnsifpirijh8‖
Kbcuri 3.43
3.43 Igiabmn aais
is prncugtis qun Onsÿs `bzh ng
ng Fitnh.

M. \rimtbqun fnohrigjh ais prncugtis fia paigtnijis piri nxphgnrais

jn ugi fnohr fignri.
\ 3; ¸Mýfh phjnfhs Mýfh hdtngnr rntrhiabfngtimbýg? Mrnir hphrtugbjijns jn rntrhiabfngtimbýg jngtrh
usir prncugtis piri hdtngnr jna mbmah.
ugi rnspunsti8
Bgmhrphrn prncugtis ng su fngsion piri qun na hyngtn ais mhgtnstn. Ais prncugtis phgng
na tnfi ng ais fighs y ng ai fngtn jna hyngtn. Ia bcuia qun Onsÿs, ia `idair, bgvbtn i
pirtbmbpir
pirtbmbpir i trivâs jn prncugti
prncugtiss y mhfngtirb
mhfngtirbhs
hs jn ahs hyngtns
hyngtns (Ft 9;?9=5
9;?9=5 Am
Am 9<?93,
9<?93, 4>-425
4>-425
94?9=). Zngci ng mungti qun muigjh gh `idæi prncugtis jn ahs hyngtns, Onsÿs `imæi
prncugtis piri itrinrahs ia fngsion.
fngsion.
Na jæi jn \ngtnmhstâs, \njrh rnsphgjbý ais prncugtis jn ahs hyngtns? Iacubng
]BG
prncugtý? ‑¸quâ `irnfhs8‖ (@m` 4?=3). Nsth an pnrfbtbý i \njrh sidnr quâ jnmbr i
mhgtbguimbýg. Jn bcuia fignri, ¡\idah khrfuaý fés jn ;< prncugtis ng su npæsthai i ahs
]IABJI Thfighs! Muigth fés prncugtnfhs, fés rntrhiabfngtimbýg rnmbdbrnfhs. R muigti fés
rntrhiabfngtimbýg rnmbdifhs, fés `édbans ghs `imnfhs piri fignoirai. Ns bfphsbdan vnr
jngtrh jn ai fngtn jn ais pnrshgis, ¡pnrh ns kémba jnsmudrbr ah qun ahs hyngtns nstég
pngsigjh muigjh `idaig!
`idaig!

Kbcuri 3.40 Ai snùia jn Ijvnrtngmbi?

‑]BG ]IABJI‖ sbcgbkmi Ais rnspunstis qun ustnj rnmbdi jnpngjng jn ais prncugtis qun `ici.
qun ugi miaan kgiabzi. Jn Ais prncugtis jnkmbngtns hdtbngng ugi rntrhiabfngtimbýg jnkmbngtn. Ais
bcuia fignri, ugi prncugti dungis prncugtis hdtbngng rnspunstis jn miabjij. Ai kcuri 3.42 nxpabmi
‑]BG ]IABJI‖ sbcgbkmi ais muitrh maisns jn prncugtis qun jndnfhs nvbtir.
qun ai rnspunsti kgiabzi,
prhdidanfngtn mhg ug ‑]æ‖.
\ 33 ¸Yuâ ns ugi ‑\rncugti sbg siabji‖8 Jâ ug nonfpah.

\rncugtis fia paigtnijis Nxpabmimbhgns Fnohris

]b ai rnspunsti ns ug isngtbfbngth mhg
ai midnzi h ug ‑sæ‖, nsth punjn rnvnair
Nvbtn prncugtis qun punjig rnmbdbr mhfh
qun na hyngtn mrnn qun mhfprngjn, nsté
9. Ai prncugti sbg siabji rnspunsti ug ‑sæ‖ h ug ‑gh‖. Ng su aucir,
sbngjh mhrtâs h gh qubnrn pirnmnr nstÿpbjh.
Nonfpah? ‑¸Mhfprngjn8‖ mhfbngmn ugi prncugti mhg quâquâ,, phr quâ
\nrh shah na rnfbtngtn punjn nviauir sb na
h mýfh
mýfh..
rnmnpthr ngtbngjn. ]hah na rnfbtngtn mhghmn
ahs pngsifbngths ng su prhpbi fngtn.
 4. Ai prncugti jhdan Ai prbfnri prncugti idrbý ai punrti. \nrh \iri nvbtir nstn nrrhr, `ici ugi prncugti
Nonfpah? ¸Yuâ an bgtnrnsi fés8 igtns jn qun na hyngtn pujbnri rnsphgjnr, i ai vnz. Ngthgmns shgræi, `ici ugi
¸An custig ahs jnphrtns8 ai sncugji prncugti mnrrý ai punrti. piusi y pnrfætian ia hyngtn qun `idan. O
=. Ai prncugti idirrhtiji
Nsti prncugti ns jbkæmba jn rnmhrjir. Na
Nonfpah? ¸Muégtis pnrshgis `iy \aigtnn shaifngtn ugi prncugti y
hyngtn qubzés tngci qun pnjbran qun sn
ng su kifbabi y muéans shg sus ngthgmns nspnrn ai rnspunsti. O
ai rnpbti.
ghfdrns y njijns8
Nsti prncugti `imn pnrjnr na tbnfph phrqun
:. Ai prncugti jnspnrjbmbiji ¸Yuâ pbngsi ustnj jn gunstrhs abdrhs8
Nonfpah? I ustnj an custig gunstrhs sucbnrn mýfh qunrnfhs qun ai mhgtnstng.
Ns mhfh jnmbr? ‑Jæcifn ah qun yh qubnrh ¸Mýfh phjræifhs fnohrir gunstrhs
abdrhs, ¸vnrjij
¸vnrjij8
8 abdrhs8
nsmum`ir‖, h, ‑Tnpbti jnspuâs jn fæ‖.
Kbcuri 3.42
3.42 Muitrh maisns jn prncug tis jnkmbngtns qun rnsuatig ng fiais rnspunstis. :
prncugtis

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 449

\ 30 Mhfpantn ai curi 3.=< bjngtbmigjh ahs nrrhrns y fnohrigjh ais rnspunstis.

\rncugtis fia paigtnijis Maisn jn prncugti fia paigtniji Fnohris
9. ¸Nsté ustnj kifbabirbzijh mhg
gunstri mhgcrncimbýg8
4. I ustnj
ustnj an custi ai f
fignri
ignri
ng qun gunstri mhgcrncimbýg
ijhri, ¸vnrjij8
=. ¸Muégth vian nstn abdrh8,
¸mbgmh jýairns8
:. ¸Muégth tbnfph fn thfiræi
iprngjnr su bjbhfi, su muaturi
y ai cnhcrikæi jn su piæs8
Kbcuri 3.=< \rimtbqun bjngtbmigjh y fnohrigjh ais muitrh maisns jn prncugtis fia paigtnijis. >

J. [ni na prbgmbpbh 0 ng ai vbji jn htrhs `hy.

\ 32 ¸Mýfh na fbsbhgnrh usý prncugtis piri iyujir i ahs pisthrns i nxpahrir ug
tnfi sngsbtbvh8

^g nonfpah jn jhs fbguths jna prbgmbpbh 0? usn prncugtis piri jbrbcbr ug jbéahch
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Mnrmi jna bgbmbh jn ug fbgbstnrbh fbsbhgnrh.
¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8 Ng ug snfbgirbh dædabmh.
¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8 Mnrmi jn mbgmungti pisthrns y ug ohvng fbsbhgnrh.
¸Yuâ hmurrbý8 (Girrn su `bsthrbi). ^g ohvng fbsbhgnrh jnsmudrbý ai gnmnsbjij jn qun ahs nsphshs kunrig
fés mhgsbjnrijhs mhg sus nsphsis. Nstn nri ug tnfi fuy sngsbdan. Fbngtris âa hridi y fnjbtidi
shdrn na prhdanfi, tuvh ai bjni jn cubir i ahs pisthrns i `imnrsn prncugtis. Ngthgmns, ans prncugtý
i ahs pisthrns ng ai maisn? ‑¸Muégths jn ustnjns sbngtng qun hdnjnmng Nknsbhs >?==, ‐\hr ah jnfés,
miji ugh jn vhshtrhs ifn tifdbâg i su fuonr mhfh i sæ fbsfh…‒8 Jn ahs mbgmungti pisthrns
prnsngtns, :3 gb sbqubnri sn fhvbnrhg. ]hah trns jn ahs a hs fés oývngns anvigtirhg su figh, irfigjh
qun naahs sæ hdnjnmæig na vnrsæmuah. Isæ qun, na prhknshr ans ppbjbý bjbý qun pisirig ijnaigtn y sn ppiririg
iririg
krngtn i ai maisn. Na fbsbhgnrh mhgknsý qun, mhfh vbsbtigtn jn nsi gimbýg, `idæi fum`is mhstufdrns
y immbhgns ahmians qun âa jnsmhghmæi.
jnsmhghmæi. Isæ qun, âa bdi i pn
pnrfbtbr
rfbtbr qun ahs pisthrns ans prncugtirig
i nsths trns `hfdrns imnrmi jn ais fignris ng qun naahs tritidig i su nsphsi. Aunch na cruph
jnmbjbræi sb `idæi iacugi gnmnsbjij jn fnohrir.
^g pisthr igmbigh kun na prbfnrh ng prncugtir? ‑Jnspuâs jn qun su nsphsi mræi ug phaah, ah fiti,
ah abfpbi
jn ahs trns
y ah`hfdrns
mhmbgi, ¸qubâg
rncrnsirhg
sn mhfn
i susai punsths
prbfnri sbg
prnsi8‖.
mhgtnstir.
Mhfh rnspunsti i nsi prbfnri prncugti, jhs
Htrh pisthr igmbigh prncugtý? ‑¸I ghfdrn jn qubâg nsté ai nsmrbturi jn su misi y jn su tbnrri8‖.
(\hstnrbhrfngtn, na fbsbhgnrh sn ngtnrý jn qun nstn nri ug isugth bfphrtigtn piri ugi nsphsi.
\hrqun jnspuâs jn ai funrtn jna nsphsh, sb na ghfdrn jn ai nsphsi gh nsté ng ai nsmrbturi, ahs
pirbngtns jna nsphsh thfig phsnsbýg jn ai misi y jn ai tbnrri). Nvbjngtnfngtn, na tnrmnr pisthr
gh tngæi na ghfdrn jn su nsphsi ng ai nsmrbturi, phrqun répbjifngtn rncrnsý i su punsth sbg jnmbr
ugi piaidri.
Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 0? Mhfh rnsuatijh jn `idnr abjnrijh mhg prncugtis, na fbsbhgnrh
bgqubntý i ahs pisthrns i pngsir y igiabzir nstn jbkæmba tnfi. \\unsth unsth qun nstidig mhgvnrsigjh ngtrn
naahs, `bmbnrhg ug iuthnxifng, piri nvbtir snr ivnrchgzijhs. R mhfh mhghmæig fuy dbng d bng su prhpbi
muaturi, sus prncugtis kunrhg fés pnrspbmimns qun ais jn ug fbsbhgnrh nxtrigonrh.
 Kbcuri 3.=9 Nonfpah jna prbgmbpbh
prbgmbpbh 0 ng ai vbji? Cubir
Cubir mhg prncugtis (j
(jhs
hs fbguths).
^g pisthr nstidi jbrbcbngjh ugi rnugbýg mhg sus jbémhghs. Âa qunræi cubirahs i
bgbmbir ugi maisn jn jbsmbpuaijh piri ahs gunvhs mrnyngtns. Ans `idaý imnrmi jn ai
gnmnsbjij qun âa vnæi. Ngthgmns ans pbjbý i iacughs jn ahs jbémhghs qun jnsmrbdbnrig

444 Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

\ 0< ¸Mýfh cubý ug nonfpahs jn ai gnmnsbjij jn jbsmbpuaij

jbsmbpuaijhh qun naahs `idæig hdsnrvijh ng ai mhgcrncimbýg
pisthr i sus jbémhghs
jbémhghs i y ng ai mhfugbjij. Jnspuâs jn qun miji ugh jn ahs jbémhghs pirtbmbpý, na pisthr
rnshavnr ug prhdanfi8
ans prncugtý i htrhs sb jnsnidig `imnr mhfngtirbhs. ^sigjh prncugtis, cubý i ahs
jbémhghs i nviauir y igiabzir ai gnmnsbjij jn mrnir ugi maisn jn jbsmbpuaijh. Muigjh
tnrfbgý ai rnugbýg, thjhs nstidig jn imunrjh y nstidig absths piri ivigzir ougths. Mhg
na ush jn prncugtis, na pisthr jbrbcbý i ahs jbémhghs i nviauir ugi gnmnsbjij y imhrjir
ugi shaumbýg.

\ 09
mhgtnstn ZITNI? \rimtbqun na prbgmbpbh 0 nsti snfigi. Igtns jn aancir i su prýxbfi maisn,
thjis ais prncugtis jn ai anmmbýg =4, mhfngzigjh mhg ai curi 3.=4, shdrn su fnohr
nonfpah jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 0.

]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ai htri pnrshgi ng ai pirtn

Anmmbýg supnrbhr jn su absti.
Hdontbvh I? Nxpabmir ah qun gh sbcgbmi snrvbr y ah qun sbcgbmi.
=4 Hdontbvh D? Jir nonfpahs jn mýfh ahs sbnrvhs mhahmig ais gnmnsbjijns jn htrhs ng ai pirtn supnrbhr jn
su absti.
Hdontbvh M? Baustrir na snrvbmbh
snrvbmbh i pirtbr jn nonf
nonfpahs
pahs jn ai Dbdabi,
Dbdabi, jn ai vbji jn htrhs
htrhs y jn su prhpbi vbji.

Tnpish jn ai anmmbýg =9. Zhfn jn 9< i 9> fbguths ng maisn piri qun ahs nstujbigtns
mhfpirtig sus tnstbfhgbhs imnrmi jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 0.
\ 04 Mhfpantn ai curi 3.=4 igtns jn aancir i ai maisn. Ngmungtrn u g mhfpiùnrh jn
maisn y qun miji ugh mhfpirti phr jhs fbguths sus `bsthrbis shdrn na prbgmbpbh 0 qun
pusbnr hg ng prémtb
prémtbmi.
mi.

Ipugtns jn su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths imnrmi jna primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 0

(^stnj ai mhfpirtbré ng maisn mhg ug mhfpiùnrh y ngthgmns su mhfpiùnrh mhfpirtbré su `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths mhg ustnj)
¸Muégjh hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Jýgjn hmurrbý ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yubâgns nstidig ng ai `bsthrbi8

¸Yuâ hmurrbý ng ai `bsthrbi8

Dngnmbh jn primtbmir na prbgmbpbh 0?

Kbcuri 3.=4 \rémtbmi jna prbgmbpbh

prbgmbpbh 0. ]ni `édba5 jbrboi mhg
mhg prncugtis ng vnz jn
jn nstidanmnr mhgmausbhgns.
(]u `bsthrbi jn jhs fbguths).
\ 0= ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jn su mhfpiùnrh jn maisn8

Ah fnohr jn ah fnohr? Jhs `bsthrbis piri thji ai maisn shdrn na prbgmbpbh 0

\ 0: ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 98

\ 0> ¸Yuâ iprngjbý ustnj jn ai `bsthrbi jna nstujbigtn 48

Kbcuri 3.== Mhfpirtbr mhg thji ai maisn jhs jn ais fnohrns `bsthrbis
imnrmi jna prbgmbpbh 0 qun pusbnrhg ng prémtbmi.
Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 44=

Bgtrhjummbýg i ai anmmbýg =4? ]ni sbnrvh5 mhahqun ais gnmnsbjijns jn ahs jnfés ng ai
pirtn supnrbhr jn su absti.
¡@urri! Knabmbtimbhgns. Crimbis phr `idnr nstujbijh nstn mursh. ¡^stnj `i aancijh i ai
anmmbýg gia! ¡Jbhs ah dngjbci!
\ 0; Ng ai curi 3.=:, nsmrbdi ahs prbgmbpbhs 9 i 2 piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns.
Mipætuah Anmmbýg \rbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
4: 9.

4> 4.
;
4; =.

43 :.

40 >.
42 ;.
3 =< 3.

=9 0.

=4 2.
Kbcuri 3.=: Gunvn prbgmbpbhs
prbgmbpbhs piri mhgstrubr y mhgsnrvir rnaimbhgns
rnaimbhgns (anmmbhgns 4:”=4).

I. Miji ugh jn ghshtrhs sbrvn mufpab

mufpabngjh
ngjh mhg ah qun Jbhs ghs `i \ 03 ¸]nrvbr sbcgbmi
vbvbr ng na gbvna fés dioh y
aaifijh i `imnr phr htrhs. `imnr ai aidhr fés dioi8
Fbngtris ngkitbzifhs ai gnmnsbjij jn snr sbnrvhs ng gunstris rnaimbhgns, mhgsbjnrnfhs Nxpabqun.
ah qun gh sbcgbmi snrvbr y ah qun sbcgbmi
sbcgbmi..
]nr sbnrvh gh sbcgbmi dusmir na gbvna jn tridioh fés dioh y `imnrah. Ns vnrjij
qun Onsÿs thfý ugi thiaai y ans aivý ahs pbns i sus jbsmæpuahs. R sæ, aivir ahs pbns jn
ahs bgvbtijhs nri ai aidhr jna fés dioh jn ahs sbrvbngtns. \nrh na hdontbvh jn Onsÿs gh
nri qun thjhs sbrvbârifhs aivigjh pbns. Fés dbng, Âa qunræi mhgtrirrnstir ai imtbtuj jn
hrcuaah y suprnfimæi jn sus jbsmæpuahs. Âa ahs `idæi nsmum`ijh jnditbr shdrn muéa jn
naahs nri na fés crigjn. @idæi vbsth i Oimhdh y i Ouig tritigjh jn hdtngnr ai phsbmbýg
fés iati jna rnbgh phr fnjbh jn ai fijrn jn ifdhs (Ft 4<?4<-40). Onsÿs `idæi `idaijh
fum`h imnrmi jna rnbgh y ahs jbsmæpuahs sidæig qun ng muiaqubnr rnbgh `iy pnrshgis
bfphrtigtns ng ahs gbvnans supnrbhrns. Isæ qun, mhfh ipýsthans, nspnridig qun sn
ans isbcgirig ais phsbmbhgns fés nanvijis ng na rnbgh, yi qun iacughs tngæig iatis
phsbmbhgns muigjh Jivbj nri rny. \hr ah tigth, na prhpýsbth jna ]nùhr nri ngsnùir
qun Jbhssbnrvh
Gbgcÿg ghs aaifi i snrvbrghs
jna Mrbsth ughs i htrhs,
jndn sngtbrsn ng aucir
jnfisbijh jn mhfh
iatbvh sngtirghs
piriy`imnr
rnmbdbraissnrvbmbh.
aaidhrns
idhrns
fés `ufbajns. \nrh snrvbr gh sbcgbmi qun gunstrh prbgmbpia aaififbngth sni aivir ahs
pbns jn htrhs.
h trhs.
fi gnris. @iy jbknrngtns aaifijhs
Jbhs aaifi i ais pnrshgis i snrvbr jn jbknrngtns fignris. \ 00 ¸Mýfh punjn
ugi pnrshgi mufpabr su
ng na munrph jn Mrbsth. Nknsbhs :?99-94 ngufnri jbknrngtns fbgbstnrbhs. Ahs
aaififbngth jn sbnrvh8
ipýsthans vbioig jnsjn ugi krhgtnri `isti ai htri. Naahs gh sbrvng pnrfignmbngjh ng Nxpabqun.
ugi mhgcrncimbýg ahmia h ng ug snfbgirbh dædabmh. Jn bcuia fignri, ahs nvigcnabstis
gh sbrvng jn ai fbsfi fignri ng qun sbrvng ahs pisthrns. Ahs nvigcnabstis vbioig jn
aucir i aucir. \nrh ahs pisthrns tbngjng i vbvbr su vbji ng ug shah aucir, sbrvbngjh
ia fbsfh cruph jn pnrshgis iùh tris iùh. Na isugth ns qun miji ugh jn ghshtrhs
tbngn jbknrngtns fbgbstnrbhs. Gh mufpabfhs gunstrh fbgbstnrbh sbrvbngjh mhfh
iacubng fés ah `imn. Ahs ipýsthans iprnmbidig na tridioh jn ahs jbémhghs. \nrh naahs
jbonrhg qun gh nri mhrrnmth qun ahs ipýsthans sbrvbnrig mhfh jbémhghs. Naahs sbrvng

44: Mipætuah 3 Abjnrizch 9

 ia `imnr na tridioh jn ipýsthans (@m` ;?9-:). Ahs jbémhghs sbrvng ia `imnr ai aidhr jn
jbémhghs. Ifdhs fbgbstnrbhs shg bfphrtigtns, pnrh ais pnrshgis sbrvng jn jbknrngtns
fignris. @hy, iacughs mrnyngtns punjng pngsir qun ns `ufbajij qun ug ipýstha jnon
su fbgbstnrbh piri nonrmnr ai aidhr jn ug jbémhgh. \nrh, piri icrijir i Jbhs y snr ÿtba
i ai mhgcrncimbýg, miji pnrshgi jndn snrvbr ng na érni i ai qun Jbhs ai `i aaifijh.
\ 02 ¸Muéa ns ai nsngmbi Ai nsngmbi jna snrvbmbh ns mufpabr mhg ah qun Jbhs `i aaifijh i ugi pnrshgi
jna snrvbmbh8 Jâ nonfpahs. i `imnr phr ai cngtn. Mhfh an jboh \idah i Zbfhtnh? ‑…`iz hdri jn nvigcnabsti,
mufpan tu fbgbstnrbh…‖ (4 Zb :?>). Ng Thfighs 94?9-0, \idah ngkitbzi nsti fbsfi
vnrjij? Yun miji ugh jn ghshtrhs sbrvn ia usir ahs jhgns pirtbmuairns qun Jbhs ghs
`i jijh.
:
‑\hrqun jn ai fignri qun ng ug munrph
mun rph tngnfhs fum`hs fbnfdrhs,
fbnfd rhs, pnrh gh
thjhs ahs fbnfdrhs tbngng ai fbsfi kugmbýg, > isæ ghshtrhs, sbngjh fum`hs,
shfhs ug munr
munrph
ph ng Mrbst
Mrbsth,
h, y thjhs fbnfd
fbnfdrhs rhs ahs ughs jn ahs htrhs. ; Jn
fignri qun, tngbngjh jbknrngtns jhgns, sncÿg ai crimbi qun ghs ns jiji, sb na jn
prhknmæi, ÿsnsn mhg
mhgkhrfn
khrfn i ai fnj
fnjbji
bji jn ai kn5 3 h sb jn snrvbmbh, ng snrvbr5 h na qun
ngsnùi, ng ai ngsnùigzi5 0 na qun nx`hrti, ng ai nx`hrtimbýg5 na qun rnpirtn,
mhg abdnriabjij5 na qun prnsbjn, mhg shabmbtuj5 na qun `imn fbsnrbmhrjbi, mhg
iancræi‖ (Th 94?:-0).
94?:-0).
\ 2< ¸\hr quâ ns ]b ustnj ns finstrh, gh bgvbnrti su tbnfph mhmbgigjh piri ahs nstujbigtns, pbgtigjh
bfphrtigtn qun miji
na snfbgirbh dædabmh h mhrtigjh na mâspnj. ]brvi ia paignir dbng ais anmmbhgns. [ni qun
pnrshgi sbrvi ng na érni jn
su aaififbngth8 miji nstujbigtn tngci su tnxth. Zridion iprngjbâgjhsn ahs ghfdrns jn sus nstujbigtns.
]b ustnj jnjbmi su tbnfph i mhmbgir y pbgtir, ¸qubâg prnpiriré dungis anmmbhgns piri
ahs nstujbigtns8 ]brvi ia mufpabr thjis ais rnsphgsidbabjijns jn su fbgbstnrbh, gh
jna fbgbstnrbh qun Jbhs an `i jijh i iacubng fés. Ng fum`is muaturis, ahs aæjnrns
prbgmbpian
prbgm bpianss qun rnia
rniabzig
bzig tirn
tirnis
is mhfu
mhfugns
gns ivnrc
ivnrcñngz
ñngzig ig i iqun
iqunaahs
aahs qun nstég dioh su
abjnrizch. Ahs aæjnrns sbrvng abjnrigjh, gh tripnigjh. Gh sni jnfisbijh hrcuaahsh
mhfh piri tripnir gb fbrn mhg fnghsprnmbh i ahs sbnrvhs qun tripnig. ]brvi piri
icrijir i Jbhs. Iugqun ais pnrshgis punjng ipaiujbr muigjh ustnj nsté `imbngjh na
fbgbstnrbh nqubvhmijh, rnmunrjn qun na vnrjijnrh snrvbmbh ns mufpabr jn ugi fignri
`ufbajn ah qun Jbhs ah `i aaifijh i `imnr. Icrijn i Jbhs fbngtris sbrvn i ahs
`hfdrns (Nk ;?;5 Mha =?44).
\ 29 Mhfpantn ai Kbcuri 3.=> jnsmrbdbngjh mýfh sbrvng ais jbknrngtns pnrshgis.

Maisn jn sbnrvh Jnsmrbpmbýg jn snr ug sbnrvh

Iuthrbjijns jna chdbnrgh Thfighs 9=?:
Naahs cuæig y iabfngtig ais hvnois jn Jbhs5 pisthrnig na rndiùh5 supnrvbsig na mubjijh pisthria
\isthrns piri thjhs, jnsjn na fés ohvng `isti na fés igmbigh5 mipimbtig i ahs jbsmæpuahs jn Mrbsth piri
fijurir5 nqubpig y nfphjnrig i ahs fbnfdrhs piri snrvbr.

Finstrhs
\aigtijhrns jn bcansbis
Jbémhghs
Nspnmbiabstis ng gbùhs
Nspnmbiabstis ng tnmghahcæi
Mhmbgnrhs
Mhgstrumthrns
Nfprnsirbhs
Fbsbhgnrhs
Kbcuri 3.=> \rimtbqun rnsufbngjh mýfh sbrvng virbis pnrshgis.

Ais `idbabjijns jna aæjnr ng ais rnaimbhgns. \irtn 4 44>

Muigjh ug fbsbhgnrh aancý i Ékrbmi Hrbngtia, âa y su nsphsi pisirhg

snbs fnsns iprngjbngjh
iprngjbngjh ug gunvh bjb
bjbhfi,
hfi, na suiobab. Aunch sn fu
fujirhg
jirhg i uugi
gi