B

Chemistry Paper 1
SECTION B : Question-Answer BOOK
Centre Number : __________
INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Write your candidate Number in the space Candidate Number
provided.
(2) Refer to the general instructions on the cover Marker’s
of the Question Book for Section A. Use Only
(3) This section consists of TWO parts, Part I and Question No. Marks
Part II. 1
(4) Answer ALL questions in both Parts I and II. 2
Write your answers in the spaces provided in 3
this Question-Answer Book. 4
(5) An asterisk (*) has been put to the questions 5
where one mark will be awarded for effective 6
communication. 7
(6) Supplementary answer sheets will be provided 8
on request. Write your candidate number. Fill
9
in the question number on each sheet. Fasten
10
them with a string INSIDE this
11
Question-Answer Book.
12
(7) A Periodic Table is printed on the back of this
13
Question-Answer Book. Atomic numbers and
14
relative atomic masses of elements can be
Total
obtained from the Periodic Table.

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 PART I

Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1. Consider the simple chemical cell shown below.

digital multimeter
(as voltmeter)
flow of electrons

metal X metal Y

salt
XSO4(aq) bridge Y(NO3)2(aq)

(a) Which metal is more reactive, X or Y? Explain.

Since electrons flow from metal Y to metal X, indicating that metal Y is more reactive. (1)

(1 mark)
(b) Write the half equation for the change that occurs at Y.
Y(s)  Y2+(aq) + 2e- (1)

(1 mark)
(c) (i) How can a salt bridge be prepared?
By soaking a piece of filter paper in sodium nitrate solution / sodium chloride
solution. (1)

(ii) State the main functions of the salt bridge.

To complete the circuit by allowing ions to move from one half-cell to another
half-cell. (1)
It provides ions to balance the charges in the solutions of the two half-cells. (1)

(3 marks)

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2. The table shows some properties of two chlorides.

Chloride Melting point (C) Boiling point (C)

XCl 801 1417
YCl4 -23 77

(a) Using the information given in the table, state the type of bonding in YCl4.
Covalent bonding (1)

(1 mark)
(b) (i) What is the physical state of YCl4 at room temperature?
YCl4 is a liquid at room temperature. (1)

(ii) Explain why YCl4 has a relatively low melting point.

Because there are just weak van der Waals’ forces between YCl4 molecules. (1)

(2 marks)
(c) Draw the electron diagram of XCl.

xo -
+
X x
x Cl xx (1)
xx

(1 mark)
(d) Comment on the electrical conductivity of XCl and explain your answer.
XCl is a non-conductor of electricity in solid state (0.5) because the ions are not mobile.
(0.5)
XCl is a good electrical conductor in molten state or in aqueous solution (0.5) because
the ions become mobile. (0.5)

(2 marks)

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3. The table summarizes some information about three metals, X, Y and Z.

X Y Z
A white solid A white solid A black solid
Reaction with oxygen
formed formed formed
Reaction with cold water Gas evolved Gas evolved No reaction
Reaction with dilute
Gas evolved Explosion Gas evolved
hydrochloric acid

(a) Arrange the three metals in descending order of reactivity.

Y > X > Z (1)

(1 mark)
(b) Y is a Group I metal. Write a chemical equation for the reaction of metal Y and water.
2Y(s) + 2H2O(l)  2YOH(aq) + H2(g) (1)

(1 mark)
(c) (i) What would metal X be?
Calcium (1)

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between metal X and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2(g) (1)

(2 marks)
(d) (i) What would be metal Z be?
Iron (1)

(ii) By what method is metal Z extracted from its ore?

Iron is extracted by heating its ore with carbon. (1)

(2 marks)

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4. A brand of antacid tablet is known to contain calcium carbonate. To determine the mass of
calcium carbonate in the tablet, the following procedure was carried out.

Step 1: A tablet was crushed and then added to a conical flask.

Step 2: Exactly 25.0 cm3 of 0.60 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid was transferred to the
crushed tablet.
Step 3: Once the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid had stopped,
methyl orange indicator was added to the reaction mixture.
Step 4: A burette was rinsed and then used to deliver 0.50 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide
solution to the flask to neutralize the excess hydrochloric acid.
Step 5: The colour of methyl orange indicator changed after 14.20 cm3 of the sodium
hydroxide solution was added to the flask.

(a) It was recommended that antacid tablet should be chewed before swallowing. Suggest an
explanation for this.
Chewing breaks down the tablet into smaller pieces, this would give more surface area
for reaction with the acid, and faster rate of reaction. (1)

(1 mark)
(b) Suggest an apparatus for transferring hydrochloric acid to the crushed tablet in Step 2.
25 cm3 pipette (1)

(1 mark)
(c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric
acid.
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) (1)

(1 mark)
(d) Suggest how the burette should be rinsed before use in Step 4.
The burette should be rinsed with distilled water first, then followed by the sodium
hydroxide solution. (1)

(1 mark)

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 (e) State the colour change in Step 5.
Red to orange (1)

(1 mark)
(f) Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate in the tablet.
(Relative atomic masses : Ca = 40.1, C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
25.0 3
No. of moles of HCl added = 0.60 mol dm3 × dm
1000
= 0.015 mol (1)
No. of moles of NaOH used to react with excess HCl in the conical flask
14.20 3
= 0.50 mol dm3 × dm
1000
= 7.1 × 103 mol
No. of moles of HCl used for the reaction with CaCO3
= (0.015  7.1 × 103) mol
= 7.9 × 103 mol
No. of moles of CaCO3 in the tablet
= 7.9 × 103 mol  2
= 3.95 × 103 mol (1)
Mass of CaCO3 in the tablet
= 3.95 × 103 mol  (40.1 + 12.0 + 16.0  3) g mol1
= 0.395 g (1)

(3 marks)

5. The setup below is used to find the standard enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol.

Experimental results :

3.5 g of ethanol was used

Temperature of water raised = 43.5C
Mass of water in the beaker = 250 g
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 C-1

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(a) Calculate the standard enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol.
Heat energy released = 250 x 4.2 x 43.5
= 45.675 kJ (1)
Enthalpy of combustion = -45.675 kJ / [3.5 g / (12x2+1x6+16)g mol-1]
= -600.3 kJ mol-1 (1)

(2 marks)
(b) Explain why the theoretical value and the experimental value are different.
Heat loss to surrounding / (1)
Incomplete combustion of ethanol /
Vaporization of ethanol
(1 mark)
(c) Suggest ONE way to improve the experiment.
Include the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter in the calculation /
Use a lid to cover the beaker /
Use mineral wool to enclose the beaker (1)
(1 mark)
(d) The standard enthalpy changes of combustion Hc of C2H2(g), C(graphite) and H2(g) are
given below :
Hc / kJ mol-1
C2H2(g) -1300
C(graphite) -394
H2(g) -286

Calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of C2H2(g).

Hf[C2H2(g)] = 2x(-394) + (-286) – (-1300) (1)
-1
= +226 kJ mol (1)

(2 marks)

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6. An experiment for preparation of copper(II) nitrate crystals involves the following four steps :

Step 1: Pour 75 cm3 of 1.0 M nitric acid in a beaker and warm the acid.
Step 2: Add copper(II) oxide to the warm acid with constant stirring, until copper(II)
oxide is in excess.
Step 3:
Step 4: Evaporate the solution slowly to obtain copper(II) nitrate crystals.

(a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between copper(II) oxide and nitric acid.
CuO(s) + 2HNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) (1)

(1 mark)
(b) (i) Why is it necessary that copper(II) oxide added is in excess?
To ensure the product is not contaminated with nitric acid. (1)

(ii) Suggest how to know copper(II) oxide added is in excess.

Copper(II) oxide remains undissolved. (1)

(2 marks)
(c) What should be done in Step 3?
Filter the reaction mixture. (1)

(1 mark)
(d) Calculate the theoretical mass of copper(II) nitrate crystals, Cu(NO3)2•5H2O, that can be
obtained.
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0, Cu = 63.5)
75
Number of moles of HNO3 reacted = 1.0 M × dm3 = 0.075 mol
1000
1
Number of moles of Cu(NO3)2 obtained = 0.075 mol × = 0.0375 mol (1)
2
Theoretical mass of Cu(NO3)2•5H2O obtained
= 0.0375 mol × 277.5 g mol–1
= 10.4 g

(2 marks)

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7. Consider the following synthetic sequence.
process I process II process III
Mixture of
Petroleum Naphtha Propene
alkanes and
alkenes
process IV

Polypropene

(a) Name process I.

Fractional distillation (1)

(1 mark)
(e) Process II can be carried out in the laboratory. Draw a labelled diagram of the
experimental set-up you may use for process II.

(1 mark for label, 1 mark for drawing)

(2 marks)
(f) (i) Write the equation for the reaction in process IV.
H CH3 H CH3
n C C C C
n
H H H H (1)

(ii) Which polymer polypropene or polyvinyl chloride, would cause greater

environmental problem? Explain your answer.
Polyvinyl chloride on combustion would produce HCl which is toxic / cause the
formation of acid rain / is corrosive (1)

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 (iii) Suggest a chemical test to distinguish between propene and polypropene. Write
appropriate equation(s) where necessary.
Propene rapidly decolorises brown bromine solution while polypropene does not.
(1)
CH3CH=CH2 + Br2  CH3CHBrCH2Br (1)
Or Propene rapidly decolorises purple acidified potassium permanganate solution
solution while polypropene does not. (1)
CH3CH=H2 + H2O + [O]  CH3CHOHCH2OH (1)
(4 marks)

8. Although sulphur dioxide is an air pollutant, it is widely used in industries.

(a) Sulphur dioxide dissolves in water to give sulphurous acid. Sulphurous acid is a weak
acid.
(i) What is meant by ‘weak acid’?
A weak acid is an acid which ionizes only slightly in water. (1)

(ii) Write an equation for the ionization of sulphur dioxide in water.

SO2(g) + H2O(l) 2H+(aq) + SO32 (aq) (1)

(2 marks)
(b) Sulphur dioxide is a reducing agent. It is added to food as an anti-oxidant to extend the
shelf life of food. A student uses the following experimental set-up to prepare sulphur
dioxide and test its reducing power.

(i) State the reagents that can be used to prepare sulphur dioxide. Write the chemical
equation for the reaction involved.
Copper and concentrated sulphuric acid (1)
Cu(s) + 2H2SO4(l)  CuSO4(aq) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) (1)
(Accept other reasonable answers)

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 (ii) State the observation that can be made in the test tube containing acidified
potassium dichromate solution. Write an equation for the reaction involved.
The solution changes from orange to green. (1)
3SO2(g) + Cr2O72 (aq) + 8H+(aq)  2Cr3+(aq) 3SO42-(aq) + H2O(l) (1)

(4 marks)

*9. Both propene (C3H6) and pentene (C5H10) are members of the same homologous series. Using
propene and pentene as examples, illustrate characteristics of the members of a homologous
series.

Five knowledge points (1 mark for each point), a maximum of 5 marks:

 Both propene and pentane can be represented by a same general formula. The general
formula for propene and pentene is CnH2n.
 Both have the same functional group, C=C.
 Members of the same homologous series have similar chemical properties.
 Both can undergo addition reaction with Br2 / acidified MnO4-.
 There are gradual changes in physical properties among the members of a homologous
series. The boiling point / melting point / viscosity / density increases as the number of
carbon atoms increase.
 Each of them differs from the next one by a –CH2– unit.

Communication mark
(Chemical knowledge = 0 to 3, communication mark = 0,
Chemical knowledge = 4 to 5, communication mark = 0 or 1)

(6 marks)

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