Structural Dynamics

Week 4: Module 03

Fourier Transformation

Ramancharla Pradeep Kumar

Earthquake Engineering Research Centre
IIIT Hyderabad
Outline
• Earthquake Excitations
• Fourier Series
• Methodology
• Fourier Transformation
• Response in Frequency Domain
• Summary

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 Earthquake Excitations
u (t ) u t (t )  u g (t )  u (t )
m m m u t (t )  u g (t )  u (t )

k
t (t )  u
u g (t )  u
(t )
c g  u
m(u )  cu  ku  0

  cu  ku  mu
mu g
u g (t )
p(t )  mu
g
Lighter mass attracts
lower earthquake force Earthquake force will be induced at
the centre of gravity of any body
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Fourier Series
Any function can be expressed in terms of sum of series of sine
and cosines
m f (t )  a0  a1 cos 1t  a2 cos 2t  ...  an cos nt
k
 b1 sin 1t  b2 sin 2t  ...  bn sin nt
c 2
1  2 T n  n   n1
T

a0 
f (t )    (an cos n t  bn sin n t )
2 n1

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Fourier Series (Cont...)
a0 
f (t )    (an cos n t  bn sin n t )
2 n1
Multiplying both sides by cos ωnt and sin ωnt and integrating over period t
t t
2 2 2
an   f (t ) cos  n tdt

t
f (t ) cos  n tdt  an T
2 T t
2 2

t t
2 2 2
bn   f (t ) sin  n tdt
 f (t ) sin  tdt  b
t
n n
T
2 T t
2 2
t t t
2 2 2
a0

t 2
sin  n t  0 an  cos  n t  sin  n t  0
t
bn  sin  n t  sin  n t  T
t
2
2 2 2
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Fourier Series (Cont...)

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Fourier Transformation
 1 int
a cos n t  (e  e int )
f (t )    (a cos  t  b sin  t )
0
n n n n 2
2 n 1
1
a0  1 1 sin n t  (e int  e int )
f (t )   [ (an  ibn )e int  (an  ibn )e int ] 2
2 n1 2 2 t
 2 2
a0 an   f (t ) cos  n tdt
  [Cn eint  Cn e int ]
1
f (t )  Cn  (an  ibn )
*
T t
2 n1 2 2
t
t t
2 2
bn   f (t ) sin  n tdt
2 2
1 1
Cn   f (t )  [cos  n t  i sin  n t ]dt n
C   f (t )  e i t
dt n
T t
T t T t 2
2 2

 t

f (t )   Cn  e
n  
int 1 2
Cn   f (t )  e int
T t
The derivation is based on
f(tT,T) = f(t) i.e., Periodic Motion
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Fourier Transformation 0. 03

t f(t)
0. 02

2
1
Cn   f (t )  e int dt
0. 01

-0. 01

T t -0. 02

T T
-0. 03

T
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4

2
If T   t 
 2
d
Then T  2 
d 0 2 
int
 f (t )  e dt Cn  lim 
int
Cn  f (t ) e dt
2 t 
and   d  0 2

1
1
 
f (t ) 
2
 f ( )  e int d
 Fourier
 
int it
Cn  [ f (t )  e dt ]  e d
2 
Transformation
 Pair
1
f ( ) 
2 

f (t )  e int dt
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Response in Frequency Domain: Methodology

Structure u (t )
0.6

0.5 u ( )
0.12
0.4

0.3
Fourier 0.1

response
0.2

m 0.1

-0.1
t Transfer 0.08

-0.2

-0.3 0.06

mu  cu  ku  P(t )

-0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

0.04

k 0.02

c

0

-0.02
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

pˆ ( )
0.2

Input ground 0.15

Fourier Transfer
motion Function
Fourier 0.1

a(t )
0.6

Transfer
0.5
0.05
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1
0


0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4
t -0.05
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
 Response in Frequency Domain

 1
mu  cu  ku  p(t ) p( )   p (t )  e int
dt
2 
  
 1
Integrating each p( )  [  mue int dt   cue int dt   kueint dt ]
term separately 2   
 
p ( )  [mn  cn  k ]  u ( )
 2
k 
 u(t )  e
int
dt  ku ( )
2 

m 2  1 
   i n t
u  e dt  mn u ( ) u ( )  [ ]  p ( )
( mn  cn  k )
2
2 

c 

int

u  e dt  c  u ( ) Transfer Function
2 
n
Summary…
 Summary
• Earthquake Excitations
• Fourier Series
• Methodology
• Fourier Transformation
• Response in Frequency Domain

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The contents of the presentation are meant only
for learning and not to be shared with others.
They are not to be reproduced in any form for
any purpose.
For queries, kindly contact
R Pradeep Kumar

Professor of Civil Engineering & Head

Earthquake Engineering Research Centre
IIIT Hyderabad

Mobile: 93911 31199

Landline: 040 6653 1309
eMail: ramancharla@iiit.ac.in
Thank you…
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