Geolog6.6.1 Well Tutorial

GEOLOG 6.6.
1
Well Tutorial
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Contents
Introduction to Geolog's Well Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tutorial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Well Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Well Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Open a Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Open Multiple Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Open Document Views to Display Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Track Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Create a Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Create a New Layout and Insert Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Specify a Default Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Specify a Default Well . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Format the Datum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Format the Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Display Core Data in a Wireline Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Display Core Descriptions in a Table Track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Plot a Core Photograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Insert and Format a Layout Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Plot the Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
View Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
View Data in Multiple Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Find Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Create Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Modify Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Create Report / Print Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Graphical Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Merge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Split . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Curve Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Curve Insert Missing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Picks - Inserting Lithology / Table Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Picks - Inserting Point Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Dip Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Baseline Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Depth Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
GEOLOG 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial 12 / 2006 1

Highlight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Mount / Unmount Digitizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Starting the Module Launcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Using the Module Launcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Using the Menu List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Evaluate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Interpolate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Resample. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Evaluate Lithology from GR Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
GEOLOG 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial 12 / 2006 2

Introduction to Geolog's Well Tutorial
Welcome to the Geolog Well tutorial.
This tutorial is designed for new users of Paradigm’s Geolog Well product. It teaches you the
basics of using Well by guiding you through a typical workflow and procedures to:
• Become familiar with Geolog’s Well interface, and the various track types used
in a layout.
• Create your own layout.
• View and modify well data in text (table) format using Well’s Text tool.
• View and modify well data using the graphical interface.
• Generate and modify data using a series of utilities designed for specific tasks.
Prerequisites
The Geolog Basics tutorial.
Document Conventions
In this document, all INPUT to the computer is in Bold Courier New, while all OUTPUT from
the computer is in Courier New, but not bold.
Tutorial Data
The following additional files (files not supplied with software) are used in this tutorial:
DATA: stars_master.unl LAYOUTS: (copy from layouts_units)
4_composite 4_pin
4_depthmatch 4_sp_baseline
4_dip_edit alltracks
4_merge example_well
4_module highlight
4_picks sonic
FUNCTIONS:(copy from functions) PLOTS: all (in Stars project)
gr_lith.qualify WELLS: atlas, botein, capella, electra, izar, mira, sirius,
wezen
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Introduction 1

Well Overview
Well is Geolog’s MDI (Multiple Document Interface) application designed to

graphically display, edit, and analyze log data in a single and multiple wells.
Several wells can be loaded into memory, processed and then the changes saved
or discarded, as required. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that only a few wells be
opened consecutively, based on available memory. If large numbers of wells are to be
processed simultaneously, use Geolog’s Project application (wells are not stored in memory,
and data is immediately processed and saved to the database).
Layouts, which graphically display your data, are created interactively using a standard set of
industry tracks, and an easy point and click mouse operation. Well provides standard layouts
which can be used as they are, or copied and customized. Layouts are well independent so,
once created, they can be used repeatedly for new wells and projects.
Text, a tool which displays your data in spreadsheet format, is used to view all or part of the
data in a single well, and edit that data, as required.
Data analysis is carried out using a range of tools provided for curve correction, crossplot, etc.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Well Overview 2

Step 1: The Well Interface
Procedure
This step will familiarize you with the Well interface. You will:
• Start the Well application and open a single well.
• Open multiple wells.
• Open various document views.
Exercise 1
Open a Well
1. Start Geolog and open the STARS project.
2. Click on the Well icon to start the Well application.
Your screen should look similar to Figure 1.
Figure 1: Initial Well application window
3. To specify the data to process, select Well > Open... to display the Well select
dialog box.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 3

Figure 2: Well Select dialog box
4. Select ATLAS from the list of wells.
5. Click OK to open the well.
At this point, there is no well data displayed, as a document view (e.g., layout,
text, or frequency) which defines the type of display required has not been
opened.
6. Select Well > Close.
Exercise 2
Open Multiple Wells

1. Within the Well application select Well > Open Multiple to display the
multiple selection dialog box.

Figure 3: Multiple Well Selection dialog box
Available wells are shown in the Source section, on the left.

These can be selected:
- individually by left clicking, OR
- multiply, by pressing CTRL and left clicking on each of the required wells.
2. Select the ATLAS, BOTEIN and CAPELLA wells, and click the
button.
The selected wells are moved to the Selection section, on the right.
Figure 4: Multiple wells selected
) The
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial

button is used to remove wells from the selected list.
Step 1: The Well Interface 5

The Wells selection dialog box also enables you to open a previously saved
well list. Well list maintenance is now accessible via Well > Well Lists.
3. Click OK. The Well application Title Bar shows the 3 wells are open.
Figure 5: Well application title bar
Exercise 3
Open Document Views to Display Data

In this exercise, you will open several views such as text, xplot, artist, and layout to
become familiar with the MDI and the various ways in which Well can display data.
1. Select Well > View > New > Text to open a new Text view, and select the Log
Headers tab.
Active Well Title Bar
Figure 6: New text view opened with ATLAS as active well
ATLAS, the first well in the list is opened and its name is displayed in the
Title Bar.

2. Click the Next Well icon to move to the next well in the list, BOTEIN.
This logic of moving between wells can be used for any view in the
workspace.
3. Click the Previous Well icon to move back to the ATLAS well.
4. To select a specific well from the list of open wells, click and from the list
displayed select the well, CAPELLA, and click OK.
CAPELLA is now the active well.
5. Click the Next Well icon to move to next well in the list, ATLAS.
6. Select Well > View > Xplot... and open rho_nphi_gr.xplot.
7. Select Well > View > New > Artist to open an Artist view.
Figure 7: Multiple document views open in Gelolog’s Well application
8. Select Well > View > Close All to close all the open views.
9. Select Well > Open Multiple to display the multiple selection dialog box.
10. Move the BOTEIN and CAPELLA wells to the Source field and click OK.
ATLAS is now the only well open.
11. Select Well > View > Layout...

12. Select alltracks.layout, a layout previously created for this tutorial, from
the displayed list.
13. Use the Zoom tools or select View > Zoom type to view
the layout as shown in Figure 8.
) The Zoom tools only work in the Display Area of the Well interface, see
Figure 8.
HEADER
DISPLAY AREA
Figure 8: ATLAS well data displayed in ALLTRACKS layout
The layout in Figure 8 represents a cross-section of some of the track types

available in Geolog.
14. Close the alltracks layout.

15. Select Well > View > Layout and open example_well.layout.
Figure 9 and the table below describe the different components of a layout.
Artist Picture inserted in layout header
Track Header Area
Display Area
Border
Track Footer Area
Lithology track
Wireline track
Scale track
Figure 9: Components of a well layout

LAYOUT COMPONENTS
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
Artist Picture A picture can be inserted into the header, footer or inside the border
to display legends, logos or drawings.
Track Header Area Shows specified header or title information for logs.
Display Area Well log data is graphically displayed in this area.
Border The edge of the display area.
Track Footer Area Shows specified footer information for logs.
Track Types
The following table contains a description of each of the track types available, that
are used to display various types of data.
Scale
Scale tracks display reference logs (e.g., depth, twtime, etc.). Multiple Scale
tracks may be part of your layout, but only one log can be displayed in the
track.
The Scale track has an overview function which enables you to quickly
navigate and jump to areas of interest in a well.
Wireline Track and Wireline Log
Wireline tracks display numeric log data. In addition to Wireline logs, core,
mwd, and mud log data are examples of other kinds of numeric logs. Multiple
logs can be displayed in the track.
Lithology
Lithology tracks display lithology patterns. The pattern displayed at each
depth interval is keyed to the value of the lithology log defined for the track.
Lithology logs are alpha logs which contain values such as SS, ST, and LS
(sandstone, siltstone, and limestone, respectively).
Seismic
Seismic tracks display synthetic seismic logs.

Dip
A Dip track is used for displaying dip in sections and on borehole images.
There are 3 types of bars used for the graphic representation: Sine(wave),
Tadpole and Herringbone.
• Sine
Sinewave displays can be used to manually pick/edit dips on a wellbore
image by overlaying the Dip track on an Image track.
• Tadpole
A Tadpole track displays a plot of dipmeter data representing Dip and
Azimuth logs as tadpoles. Dip magnitude is represented as a circle on a
logarithmic scale from 0 to 90 degrees. A tail on the circle is used to indicate
the down-dip direction (azimuth).
• Herringbone
Herringbone displays show the projection of dip data onto a line of section as
straight, short lines.
Point
Point tracks display graphic symbols. Unlike lithology, point tracks do not
repeat the graphic pattern—it is plotted only once. Point tracks are used to
display paleo symbols, stratigraphic symbols, etc., and wellbore symbols like
plugs, packers, and casing shoes.
Table
Table tracks display alpha logs containing descriptive text from either point or
interval-sampled sets. A single alpha log is defined for each table track.
Interval
Interval tracks display alpha logs stored in interval sets. Interval tracks are
used to identify cored or perforated intervals. They are also used to identify
geologic areas by rotating the text vertically in narrow tracks.
Scheme
Scheme tracks are used to display project schemes stored in the Project well
(WELL_PROJECT). In a correlation view selected wells’ interval or surface
logs are correlated with a project scheme.
Image
Image tracks display array data image logs, representing vertical and
horizontal variation in formation properties, according to a gray scale,
rainbow or user defined color map.

Array
Array tracks display multichannel logs. The trace height displayed is the trace
of the array log at one frame (i.e., the vertical size on the plot of the horizontal
channels).
CGM
CGM tracks are picture tracks for posting images. The image must be a CGM
file (Geolog’s standard format). Graphic files in other formats can be used
after conversion to CGM format using Geolog’s Artist application.
) To place the tracks in a layout select Insert > track type or click on the icon.

Step 2: Create a Layout
Procedure
This step explains how to create a layout. Layouts define the graphical presentation of well log
data stored in Geolog. Layouts are well independent, so they can be used for any well. New
layouts can be created interactively, or by customizing an existing layout.
In this step, you will:
• Create a new layout and insert several track types.
• Specify a default set and default well.
• Format the datum for the display.
• Format the tracks.
• Add core data to a Wireline track.
• Display core descriptions in a Table track.
• Plot a core photograph.
• Insert and format a Layout header.
• Create a plot file.
Exercise 1
Create a New Layout and Insert Tracks

There are two methods for inserting tracks on a layout:
• Using the icons on the toolbar (or the Insert menu).
• Using the Properties dialog box.
In this exercise you will learn both of these methods.
Layouts are ASCII files which are saved in the project’s layouts directory.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 2: Create a Layout 13

1. Close example_well.layout.
2. Select Well > View > New > Layout.
The display is blank and the Title Bar identifies the current layout as layout.
Insert tracks using Icons

3. Begin building the layout by inserting all the tracks you wish to use in the
layout.
For this exercise, insert the following tracks by clicking on each icon in the
following order:
Wireline
Scale
Interval
Lithology
Point
Dip
Wireline
Table
CGM
Tracks are inserted to the immediate right of the currently selected track.
Selected tracks are identified with a highlighted border and red control points
(see Figure 10). A track is selected by clicking on it with the left mouse button.

4. Move the scroll bar down the layout to view the displayed data as shown in
Figure 10.
Scroll Bar
selected track Point track
Lithology track Dip track
Figure 10: New layout with various track types inserted
Note: The Lithology and Point tracks automatically display the default logs, where they exist.
Other tracks are empty and require logs and details to be specified.
5. Close the layout and Discard the changes.

Insert tracks using Properties dialog box
6. Start a new layout.
7. Select Edit > Properties to open the Properties dialog box (see Figure 11).
Figure 11: Properties dialog box for a new layout
8. In the Tracks section in the top left corner of the Properties dialog box, click
Insert and insert the tracks in the following order:
Scale, Wireline, Interval, Lithology, Point, Dip, Wireline,

Table, Cgm
Within the Properties dialog box, tracks are inserted below the currently
selected track in the list, and to the right in the layout display.
9. In the Edit list, click on the Scale track (on the word "Scale") and then click
Move Down .
) The Move Up and Move Down buttons change the order of the tracks, both
in the list and on the layout display.

10. Click OK to close the Properties dialog box.
11. Select Layout > Save As...
12. Save the layout using yourname.layout in the Selection field

(e.g., johns.layout).
Exercise 2
Specify a Default Set

At installation, the default set for use in Geolog is WIRE. This can be changed by
your Systems Administrator, if required. Geolog selects logs from the default set
when a set is not specified, and searches the default set first when attempting to
find and display logs.
When working in Geolog, you can change the default set, when required, as
follows:
1. Select applicationname > Default Set... For this exercise, Well > Default
Set... to display the Set select dialog box.
2. Select a set (for this exercise, leave the default as WIRE) and click OK; the
default set is displayed in the application’s Title Bar.

Exercise 3
Specify a Default Well

You can also define a default well for your current Geolog session.
For Windows
1. From the Geolog launcher bar select Project > Run.
2. Type set env(MIN_WELL) BOTEIN.
For Unix
1. From the Geolog launcher bar select Project > Run.
2. Type setenv MIN_WELL BOTEIN.
This sets the well, BOTEIN, as the default well when the Well application is
opened during the current user session.
Here, you have set the default well variable from the command line for the current
user session. It is also possible to set variables at a user, project, or site level in
your geolog6_env.tcl file, on a more permanent basis. For more information refer
to the Environment Guide on the Online Help.

Exercise 4
Format the Datum

Before entering the details of each track, set the datum to define and limit the display.
1. Select Layout > Datum... to display the Datum dialog box.

2. Either:
— Click on the Values>> button and select Restore...
— Select a previously saved specification.
OR
— Set the values as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12: Setting the Datum for the display (Metres and Feet)
3. Click OK to set the datum and close the dialog box.

Exercise 5
Format the Tracks

In this exercise, you will format each track in turn.
Wireline Log - GR
To add 2 logs in the first (leftmost) wireline track, and then format the display for
each log:
1. Select the first wireline track.
2. How do you ensure it is selected?
3. Select Insert > Wireline Log TWICE to insert two logs into the track.
4. Within the Header, double click on the (black) first wireline log inserted to
display the Properties dialog box.
Note: Clicking anywhere in the layout opens the Properties dialog box with the track/log selected
being active in the dialog box.
5. Ensure the TRACK tab is selected.
6. In the Logs section, to specify and display the GR log for 1.Log:
— enter GR in the Log field in the Wireline Log section; Geolog searches for that
log, or an alias for that log, throughout the entire well according to Geolog’s
search rules;
OR
— click on the Log Select icon and select the log from the displayed list of
available logs; if you use this method, it is advisable to remove the version
number so that the latest version of the log is always displayed (unless, of
course, a specific version is required).
— Click Apply.
7. Click on the second log in the Logs section—see Figure 13.

Figure 13: Specifying logs to display in the wireline track
Wireline Log - CALI

Now define the second log as a caliper (CALI) log, and highlight washout zones by
shading between the log and a bit size baseline.
8. Using Figure 14 as a guide, set the following values:
Wireline Log section:
— Enter CALI or click on the Log Select icon to select the log
(WIRE.CALI).
— Left / Right: Left: 6" (152cm); Right: 12" (305cm).
— Appearance: Click in the field to display the Appearance palette.
Change the solid red line to a BLUE DASHed line.
Baseline section:
— Line: 8.5". (216cm).

— Appearance: Click in the field and remove the line by selecting the
<none> option in the Appearance palette.

Left Shading section:
— Shade to: select Baseline from the dropdown list.

— Appearance: click in the field and then enter the color
LIGHT_SALMON (or select it with the mouse).
9. Toggle on Save Datum to save your settings with the layout.
Note: After saving the layout, whenever it is reopened, these datum settings will be used.
Figure 14: Formatting the CALI log

10. Click Apply to display the CALI log in the track.
CALI Log with

shading to baseline
Figure 15: CALI log displayed
11. Click OK to close the Layout Properties dialog box.
12. Select Layout > Save to save your changes.
) Geolog has only one undo, so it is good practice to frequently save your
work. You can then retrieve the changes you saved by closing the layout
without saving and then reopening the layout. Alternatively, you can use
Layout > Save As... and save the layout using different names to retain
various versions of your work.

Scale Track
Geolog has specified some default settings, via the Datum dialog box, for the
Scale track.
To change the default formatting

1. Double click on the Scale track to open the Properties dialog box.
) Another method for opening the Properties dialog box, is to select the track
and then select Edit > Edit Object.
2. Verify the Scale track is selected in the Tracks Edit list.
3. Using Figure 16 as a guide, click on the Common tab and make the following
changes;
— Set the Width of the track to 0.9" (2.3cm)

— In the Header section, type Scale in the Track field, set the appearance of
the text to Blue and the Track Height to 1.5" (3.8cm)
Figure 16: Common tab — formatting the scale track

4. Click on the Grids tab and set the following:
— Fine: Increment by 2 ft, solid MAGENTA line of 0.01 width

(2 m, solid MAGENTA line of 0.025 width)
— Medium: Increment by 10 ft, solid GREEN line of 0.02 width
(5 m, solid GREEN line of 0.05 width)
— Coarse: Increment by 50 ft, solid BLUE line of 0.03 width.
Text size of 0.11
(20 m, solid BLUE line of 0.075 width.
Text size of 0.28)
5. Click on the Track tab and set the Justification to Right.
6. Click Apply to display your changes. See Figure 17 for an example of the
formatted Scale track.
track width
Header track name
Specifies
location of text
Figure 17: Track tab - formatting the scale track
7. Select View > Overview Scale to change the Scale track to overview mode.
8. To become familiar with the overview functionality; click anywhere on the
Scale track and the display will jump to that point, click and drag the white
"view window" up and down the scale track.
9. Select View > Overview Scale to toggle off the overview mode.

Interval Track
You will now overlay the inserted Interval track over the Scale track.
First Step - Format the Interval Track

1. From the Track Edit list, select the Interval track.
2. Select the Track tab and set the following:
— Interval log: enter or select TOPS.TOPS

— Widths: toggle OFF
— Limits: toggle OFF
— Appearance: Color: MAGENTA, Text angle: 90 degrees
3. Click Apply to view the changes.
Second Step - Overlay Interval Track on Scale Track
) For a tidy overlay, ensure the tracks are the same width.
4. in the Track Edit list, select the Scale track and note the width of the track
(found on the Common tab).
5. In the Track Edit list, select the Interval track.
6. Select the Common tab and set the following:
— Width: 0.9" (2.3cm) to set the Interval track to the same

width as the depth track
7. Click the Overlay button to overlay the currently selected track (Interval)
on the track (Scale) on the left.
Overlay
Restore
Figure 18: Overlay and Restore buttons

Geolog moves the track to the left and sets the attributes of the overplotting
track as follows:
— Background: None (transparent fill)

— Header: None
) The Restore
right.
button is used to move the overlaying track back to the
Your display should look similar to Figure 19.
Figure 19: Interval track overlaying Scale track
8. Close the Properties dialog box and save your layout.
Note: Tracks which are overlayed often have no border, fill and/or displayed log name. This can
make them difficult to graphically select—try opening the Properties dialog box and
selecting the required track; after closing the dialog box, the track will still be selected.

Lithology Track
The Lithology track displays logs as graphic patterns of lithology codes. For
example, the code SS produces a pattern for sandstone while DM produces
a pattern for Dolomite .
Log data can be modified by qualifiers and percentage lithology values. By default,
the lithology track displays Geolog standard codes and a default log name, but any
required value can be specified.
To format the lithology track

1. Display the Properties dialog box and select the Lithology track.
2. On the Common tab, set the Width to 2" (4cm)
3. On the Track tab, set the following:

— Minimum resolution: 2 (length of unit to be excluded).
— Maximum accumulation: 5 (to accumulate up to 5 lithologies).
— Box Appearance: Line width of 0.05 (0.1) to emphasize the box
around the lithology groups in the display.
4. Click Apply.
Point Track
The Point track displays wellbore, paleontology and sedimentary structure
symbols. Symbols are available in the Appearance palette as markers.
Markers can be created:

— In other programs and then converted for use in Geolog.
— Using Artist.
And then added to the Appearance palette (see the Artist Tutorial and Geolog’s
online help for further information).
To format the Point track

1. Select the Point track in the Properties dialog box.
2. On the Common tab, enter the following values:

— Width: 1" (2cm)
— Border: set the Line to <none>

3. Click the Overlay button.
4. Select the TRACK tab and set the following:
— Column Width: use the default of 0.5 (1); this value defines the width
of the square box which surrounds symbols in the
track. If the track width permits (i.e., is double or
more the column width), overlapping symbols are
displayed side by side.
— Appearance: set the Line to <none>
5. Click OK.
6. When you are satisfied with the changes you have made, save your layout.
Your display should look similar to Figure 20.
Figure 20: Point track overlaying Lithology track

Dip Track
The Dip track displays apparent dip in sections, with true formation dip represented
as apparent dip projected into the plane of section. A dip log containing dip values
(0 to 90 degrees) and azimuth log (degrees clockwise) are required.
To format the Dip track

1. Open the Properties dialog box and select the Dip track.
2. On the Track tab, set the following values:
— Dip Style: Change the style to Herringbone (an angled line).

— Dip Log: DEVIATION.DIP
— Azimuth log: DEVIATION.AZIMUTH
— Dip Appearance: Change the Line to BLUE. This defines the type
and thickness of the dip line.
— Baseline Appearance: Set the Line to Dot and the Width to 0.025
(0.05).
3. Select the Common tab and set the following values:
— Width: to 0.5.
— Header Line 1 {LOG:.:}
4. Click the Apply button.
Exercise 6
Display Core Data in a Wireline Track

Core analysis results can be displayed in a Wireline track, using symbols to show
the point of analysis rather than a continuous curve.
To display core data in a Wireline track

1. Select the second Wireline track (Wireline_1) in your layout.
2. On the TRACK tab, click the Insert button in the Logs section to insert a log in
the track.
3. Select or enter CORE.PERM_CORE for the log.

4. Set the following values:
— Left: 0.001
— Right: 10
5. Click Apply and note how the log is displayed in the track.
6. To plot data as symbols with no line connecting the data points, you must
make the changes in the Appearance field, in the Wireline Log section.
— Appearance: Select the required Marker and enlarge the size until
it is clearly visible and click Apply.
Remove the solid Line and click Apply.
(see Figure 21 for examples)
No changes to Marker added to Line removed in

Appearance field. Appearance field. Appearance field.
Figure 21: Data points with and without connecting lines
7. Insert another log in the Wireline_1 track.
8. Select or enter CORE.PHIT_CORE for the log.

9. Set the following values in the Wireline Log section:
— Appearance: Remove the solid Line.

Select the required Marker and enlarge the size until
it is clearly visible and click Apply.
) The first log in a wireline track controls the default grids for the track (linear
or logarithmic). Other logs can use other grid types (i.e., linear or log) without
error.
10. Click OK to close the Properties dialog box.
11. Save your layout, which should look similar to Figure 22.

Wireline Track Header
Symbol specified
to display data
Left and Right range
Figure 22: Wireline track displaying core data

Exercise 7
Display Core Descriptions in a Table Track

Table tracks display alpha logs containing descriptive text from either point or
interval sampled sets. This permits a tabular rather than graphical presentation.
Text positioning is depth referenced but can be automatically adjusted to avoid
overwriting, with lines drawn back to the original depth for referencing.
To format the Table track to display core descriptions

1. Select the Table track in the Properties dialog box.
2. On the Common tab, set the values as noted below:
— Space: 0.5" (1.3cm)

— Width: 3" (7.5cm)
— Header Line 1: Change to Core Description
— Table Log: Enter/select CORE_POINT.DESCRIPTION

— Appearance: Change Text Alignment to Left
— Adjust Toggle ON. The core descriptions being plotted are
referenced every foot (.3m), which would normally
cause overplotting. By setting Adjust to ON, the text
is repositioned (up or down) to avoid overplotting
(click Apply and view the descriptions in the track,
then toggle Adjust OFF and view the change).
— Join previous: Set a Red Dot Line with a Width of 0.02 (0.04).
Join lines join the log values back to the correct
depth in the previous track. Space set on the
Common tab should be provided between the tracks
to display these join lines.
4. Click Apply to view the changes. Your layout should look similar to Figure 23.
) If the join lines are not visible, scroll the display up and down to refresh
your view.

Figure 23: Displaying core descriptions in a table track
Exercise 8
Plot a Core Photograph

Images like CORE and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) photographs which
are depth-related and stored as CGM files can be plotted at the appropriate depth
positions in a CGM track. The CGM files are stored in the project’s plots
directory. A plot file name and specified top and bottom depth range are all that is
required to display these plots in Geolog.
In this example, an interval set named IMAGES has an alpha log named PHOTO
which contains the depths and CGM file names.
Depth Images.Photo
7390 CORE_1.CGM
7395

To plot an image in a CGM track
1. Select the CGM track in the Properties dialog box.
2. On the Common tab, set the following values:
— Space: 1" (2.5cm).

— Width: 1.3" (3.4cm).
— Header Line 1: Change to Core Photo.
— CGM log: Enter/select the log IMAGES.PHOTO.

— Join previous: Change the Line to Dash, and Width to 0.02
(0.04).
The join lines connect the expanded core photo to its
original depth range.
4. Click OK to view the changes.
5. Save your layout, which should now look similar to Figure 24.

Figure 24: Displaying a photo on CGM track
Exercise 9
Insert and Format a Layout Header

An Artist picture (CGM file) can be inserted into the header, footer and/or inside
the border of a layout to enhance presentation.
Pictures are created interactively in Artist (or imported and converted in Artist if
you are using a picture from another program) and saved as CGM files in the
plots directory.

Variable text can be inserted into the picture so that when it is placed in the layout,
the relevant well name (for instance) is displayed. See Geolog’s Artist Tutorial for
further information on using variables.
To insert a picture in the header of your layout

In this exercise, a picture previously created in Artist and saved to the plots
directory is inserted in the header of the layout.
1. Select Insert > Artist Picture > Header to insert a frame to hold the picture.
2. If required, use the scroll bars to adjust your view until you find the frame
(which should still be selected) at the top of the display.
Figure 25: Inserted picture frame in header
3. With the frame still selected, select Edit > Edit Object... to display the Picture
formatting dialog box (see Figure 26).

Figure 26: Picture Formatting dialog box
In the Display section, Width and Height display the dimensions of the picture.
These dimensions can only be changed in Artist but before selecting the
picture to display, note the Width value—this is a good indication of the width
required for the picture to fit across the entire display.
4. Set the following values:
— Name: You can leave as "no_name" or enter your own

identifying name.
— File: Enter/select class_header.cgm.
— Scaling: UNIFORM.
— Spacing: Vertical: 3" (8cm) to shift the header up above the
track headers. This spacing is the default Height of
the track headers, which are modified in "Adjust the
Track Headers" on Page 40.
) The Read Only option is automatically set after clicking OK or Apply. This
indicates the picture cannot be modified. Open the Picture formatting dialog
box and toggle OFF Read Only to make changes. The changes are made
to the picture in the layout, not the Artist CGM file.
5. Click OK to display the picture in the header frame.
Your layout should look similar to that shown in Figure 27.

Figure 27: Layout with picture inserted in header
6. Double click on the picture in the header to redisplay the dialog box.
7. Toggle ON "Show Hidden Text", click on Apply and view the results. What is
displayed?
8. Toggle "Show Hidden Text" OFF and close the dialog box.
Adjust the Track Headers

The large space in the headers for the tracks can be reduced either graphically or
numerically as follows:
To graphically adjust track header height

9. Hold the CTRL key while clicking on each track to select all the tracks.
10. Click and drag the top control point of one of the tracks down (see Figure 28).

Graphically adjust the track header height by
selecting and dragging a top control point.
Figure 28: Graphically adjusting track headers
) Overlayed tracks can be difficult to select graphically; open the Properties

dialog box, select the track (in this case, the Interval and Point tracks), close
the dialog box—the track remains selected.
11. To determine the exact Header height the tracks have been adjusted to, open
the Properties dialog box and note the Height in the Header section on the
Common tab.
12. Open the Picture formatting dialog box (double click on the picture) and
change the Vertical spacing to approx. 1.5" (3cm).
To numerically adjust track header height

13. Open the Properties dialog box.
14. In the Edit list, select each track in turn and on the Common tab change the
Height in the Header section (in this example, to 1.5" (3cm).

15. Click OK to close the dialog box.
16. Open the Picture formatting dialog box (double click on the picture) and adjust
the Vertical spacing.
Note: The above track height spacing adjustments could have been performed before inserting
the Artist Picture in the Header, thus saving the extra step of readjusting the Vertical
spacing in the Picture formatting dialog box. The reverse was performed for this tutorial to
show you the relationship between the Artist Picture position in the Header and Track
header size.
17. Save your layout.
Exercise 10
Plot the Layout

The layout can be plotted to a CGM file and then opened in Artist (or other editing
software), or sent directly to a plotter/printer.
To create a plot file

1. Select Layout > Plot...
2. Enter myname_layout (e.g., johns_layout) in the Selection field—see

Figure 29.

Figure 29: Plotting a layout to a CGM file
3. Click OK to save the file myname_layout.cgm to the plots directory.
The file can now be opened in Artist.
To print a layout
The method used to print is dependant on the installed plotter software, the printer,
and the operating system (e.g., Windows or Unix). As a result, the following
procedure is intended as a guideline only.
Note: See your Systems Administrator for correct plotting/printing procedures for your site.
• Select Layout > Plot... to display the File Select dialog box.
• Locate the plots directory where your Systems Administrator has stored the
plotting scripts (see Figure 30 for examples).

Windows Plotting Dialog Box
UNIX Plotting Dialog Box
Figure 30: Sending a file to a plotter / printer
• Select the plotter/printer you wish to use, usually identified by a .plotter

extension (.tcl or .tksh for MS Windows).
• Click OK to send the plot file to the device selected.

Step 3: Text
Procedure
Text (usually referred to as Text View) is Geolog’s tool for viewing, editing and inserting well
data, renaming logs and sets, copying logs, and fixing log values in a single well. Data is
displayed in table format and, like all tables in Geolog, data in greyed out fields is view only.
In this step, you will learn how to:
• View data in the well.
• View data in multiple wells.
• Search for specific data.
• Create new data.
• Edit existing data.
• Save a text view.
• Become familiar with procedures to produce reports and hard copies.
Exercise 1
View Data
The Text window provides the ability to display all, or part of, the data in a single
well.
To improve access and store different sampling rates, Geolog displays well data in
the functional subgroup, Sets. Each Set contains logs with log data, and can also
contain Constants and Comments, stored in the Constants and Comments area of
the database.
1. Close all open document views.
2. Open the Electra well.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 3: Text 45

3. Select Well > View > New > Text to display the Text window (see Figure 31).
Table
Tabs
List of Sets
Figure 31: Text window
When Text View is initially opened, the WIRE Set is displayed in the SETS view,
with the Sets table tab selected. Well data is not displayed until one or more
selections are made.
To display data
4. Click on each of the Table Tabs (see Figure 31), noting what is displayed in
each view.
5. Press and hold down the CTRL key while selecting the Tops set from the
Sets List, both the Tops and Wire sets should be displayed.
6. Click on each of the Table Tabs again. On the Log Headers tab, use the scroll
bars to view the logs in the selected Sets.
To view data in a specific order

Items are displayed in the order they are selected, left to right or top to bottom.
7. Click on the Wire set to deselect the Tops set, and leave the Wire set displayed.
8. Click on the Log Headers tab.
9. In the Select column, click the checkboxes in the following order:

DEPTH, DT, GR.
10. Click the Log Values tab and note the order of the columns matches the
selection order.

11. Click on the Log Headers tab and remove your selections.
12. Select, in the following order, GR, DEPTH, DT.
13. Click on the Log Values tab and note the change in display order.
To view selected data only

15. Select View > Show Selected to display the GR, DEPTH and DT logs only.
16. Select View > Show All to redisplay all items.
To view all data

17. Click the Set filter button, above the Sets List, to display all sets.
18. Use the Table Tabs and scroll bars to view the data.
To sort data by column in ascending/descending order

20. If required use the horizontal scroll bar to bring the Top column into view.
21. Select the Top column header, and right click to display the column popup list.
22. Select Sort Ascending.
The data in the Log Headers tab is sorted according to the selection you
make.
To fix column and row headers

Column headers and row headers can be fixed to retain a specific view.
23. Display the Wire set only.
24. Select the Log Headers tab. Figure 32 identifies fixed columns.

Fixed column headers are displayed in inverted color
Figure 32: Fixed columns
25. Use the horizontal scroll bar to scroll the view to the right.
Notice how the other columns "slide under" the fixed columns. Fixed columns
do not scroll horizontally, enabling you to specify which columns always
remain in view.
26. To "unfix" a column, press and hold down the ALT key, and click on the fixed
column header (for this example on the word "Version").
27. Use the horizontal scroll bar to adjust the view.
28. To "fix" a range of columns, press and hold down the ALT key, and click on the
Mean header. All columns to the left of, and including, the Mean column are
now fixed.
29. Press and hold down the ALT key, and click on the Select header to unfix all
column headers. Fixing and unfixing columns can only be done consecutively.
30. Click on the Table Columns icon to display the Table Columns dialog
box to fix and unfix columns, as well as change their size and visibility (see
Figure 33).

Figure 33: Table Columns dialog box
31. Change the fields in the Table Columns dialog box as shown in Figure 33 and
note the dynamic changes to the table.
) The Actions>> button enables you to perform an action on all columns. For
example, hide all columns.
32. Use the same procedures to fix and unfix rows; click on the row numbers
while pressing the ALT key—but note there is no dialog box to adjust rows.
33. Close the Table Columns dialog box.
34. To save the text view, click Text > Save, enter yourname.text in the
Selection field, and click OK.
35. Close the text view and the ELECTRA well.

Exercise 2
View Data in Multiple Wells

1. Select Well > Open Multiple to display the multiple selection dialog box.
2. Select the ATLAS, BOTEIN, and CAPELLA wells, click the button,
and click OK.
3. Open a new Text view and select the Log Headers tab.
4. An active view can be duplicated using the Duplicate icon. Use this to
duplicate the current Text view.
Figure 34: Duplicate text view of ATLAS well
5. Click the Tile Order icon to display the Tiling Order dialog box, and tile
these two Text views horizontally.

Figure 35: Text views tiled horizontally
6. Ensure the right view is selected and click to move to the next well in the
list, BOTEIN.
Figure 36: Tiled text views showing data for two wells
The left view shows data from the ATLAS well, while the right view shows
BOTEIN data. This is a useful tool for comparing data from different wells.
7. Select Well > View > Close All.

Exercise 3
Find Data
To search the entire well to locate specific data, use the Table Menu Find function in
conjunction with the Set Filter button and Table Tabs.
To find data
1. Select Well > Open and select the ELECTRA well.
2. Open your text view called yourname.text.
3. Click on the Set filter button to display all sets.
5. Left click on the table menu, and select Find... to open the Find dialog box.
6. Fill in the fields as shown in Figure 37.
Figure 37: Using the table find function to locate all GR logs
7. Click Add to List to add the search criteria to the "Find items that match
these criteria" field.

8. Click Find Next to find the first occurrence that matches the search criteria
specified.
9. Use the F3 key to search for the next occurrence matching the criteria.
To find data in a specific set or sets, log or logs, etc., use the viewing tools to
display the specific data before using the Find function.
Exercise 4
Create Data
In this exercise, you will learn how to insert various types of new data and in the
following exercise, you will learn how to modify existing data.
The following naming conventions are imposed by Geolog:
• The set names "REFERENCE" and "WELL_HEADER" are reserved Set names.
• All names (wells, logs, comments, constants) in Geolog are restricted to

32 characters of any combination of letters, numbers and/or the underscore.
) Set names should be consistent within the wells in a project, and within a
working group or business unit within your organization.
If in place within your company, set name conventions should be used.

Names usually reflect the type of data stored within the set. For example,
WIRE: wireline log data; TOPS: formation names; DST: drill stem test data.
Sets
1. Click the Sets tab.
When the Sets tab is selected, the following information is displayed:
INFORMATION DISPLAYED DESCRIPTION

Set Name of the set.
To create new standard sets

2. Select Insert > Standard Set > Lith.
A new Set named LITH is created and displayed. This Set is added either at
the bottom of the Sets List if there are no other sets selected, or below any
selected set(s).

3. Click the Log Headers tab to view the logs created for this new Set (see
Figure 38).
Figure 38: Logs created when new LITH set is inserted
4. The logs within the Set have no values. To verify this, click on the Log Values
tab.
To insert a "user defined" set

5. Select Insert > Set to display the Set Create dialog box.
Figure 39: Inserting a User Defined Set

Figure 40: Input for a User Defined Set
7. Click Create to create the set.
8. Select the Log Headers and Log Values tabs and note the inserted data.
To duplicate existing sets

9. Select the HC_SIG set from the Sets List).
10. On the Sets tab select HC_SIG (place a tick in the checkbox in the Select
column).
11. Select Edit > Duplicate. A new Set named HC_SIG_1 is created
and displayed.
12. Select both sets (place a tick in the checkboxes in the Select column).
13. Select Edit > Copy and then Edit > Paste. There are now 4 sets prefixed
HC_SIG (see Figure 41).

Figure 41: Creating copies of a set
14. Select HC_SIG_1, HC_SIG_2, and HC_SIG_3.
15. Select Edit > Delete.
The Reference Set
) The Reference set is built and maintained by Geolog, and it is

recommended you do not edit, rename, or delete the Reference set and its
logs.
16. Select the REFERENCE set.
17. Click on the Log Headers tab to view the logs for the Reference set.
Figure 42 shows typical logs for the Reference set.

Figure 42: Logs in REFERENCE set
This Set contains all the downhole vertical references for the well and is used
for domain translation from one vertical reference to another. It will always
contain DEPTH as the primary reference but may also contain other
references such as TVD, TST, TVT, TIME and TWTIME.
The REFERENCE set spans the maximum depth range to encompass all
downhole data, and automatically extends as additional data is loaded into
the well.
Constants
Constants consist of common information for the whole well (e.g., latitude,
measurement reference) and are stored in another reserved set, WELL_HEADER.
Many Constants are stored automatically when data is loaded from LAS, LIS, and
DLIS tapes or files.
Constants properties:
• Can be either numeric (e.g., KB height) or alpha values (e.g., Company name).
• No limit to the number of constants you can define.
• Geolog’s Artist application can access these Constants to create customized

headers and footers in log layouts and Artist pictures. For example, the picture
inserted in the layout in Figure 27 on Page 40 contains variable text which has
been obtained from the Constants for the currently open well. Variable Text is
covered in the Artist Tutorial.
• Loglan (Geolog’s programming language) has database access to

Constants values, as do external database access routines (e.g., cgglib).

Fixed Constants
The information found in the wellinfo.wellinfo file determines the Constants
which are always present in every well. While Constants can be added, modified
or removed from the wellinfo.wellinfo file, as required, Geolog requires the
following constants, which should not be modified:
CONSTANT DATA TYPE DESCRIPTION

WELL Alpha*32 The unique key to identify the well within
the project. Each well must have a unique
key no more than 32 characters in length.
LATITUDE Alpha*20 The well’s latitude.
LONGITUDE Alpha*20 The well’s longitude.
X_LOCATION Double The well’s east/west surface location.
Y_LOCATION Double The well’s north/south surface location.
X_OFFSET_BOTTOM Double The well’s east/west bottom hole location.
Y_OFFSET_BOTTOM Double The well’s north/south bottom hole
location.
MEASUREMENT_REF Alpha*20 The surface point from which log depths
are measured (usually KB).
ELEV_MEAS_REF Double The elevation of the measurement
reference.
SURFACE_ELEV Double Ground (or mean sea level) elevation.
DRILLED_DEPTH Double Drilled depth for the well.
SYMBOL Alpha*8 The well symbol code. See the
Appearance palette Markers for a full list
of available types.
PROJECT Alpha*32 Name of the project.
INCLUDE_PROJECT Alpha*32 Name of the included project.
When the Constants tab is selected, the following information is displayed:

Set Set containing well constant.
Constant Name of the constant.
Value Value of the constant.
Units Units of the constant
Comment Descriptive comment.
Project Originating project name.

To add a new Constant
1. Select Insert > Constant to display the Constant Create dialog box.
2. Enter the following values (shown in Figure 43):
— Set: If a set has been selected in the Sets List, it is displayed

here, otherwise, WELL_HEADER is displayed.
For this exercise, click on the Dropdown List button

and select WELL_HEADER, if required.
— Constant: Enter a name for the constant (e.g., TEST).
— Units: Double click on the entry displayed and delete it.
If possible, Geolog enters a "guesstimate"; if a different

selection is required, you can either enter/remove it or use
the Dropdown List button to select from a list.
— Type: Real
— Value: 18.345
— Comment: Optional; for this exercise, enter Tutorial - adding a
constant.
Figure 43: Constant Create dialog box
3. Click Create to create the Constant.
4. If necessary, display the WELL_HEADER set.

5. Click the Constants tab and scroll to the bottom of the Constants table to view
the new constant.
Figure 44: New constant, TEST, added to WELL_HEADER set
Comments
Well and Set comments consist of strings of text assigned to comment names.
Extracts of the daily drilling report, completion information, or activity reports are
examples of information which can be stored in the Comments area.
Well comments are stored in the set named WELL_HEADER, where well
constants are also stored.
To add a new Comment

1. Click on the Comments tab.
When the Comments tab is selected, the following information is displayed:

Set Set containing well comment.
Comment Comment name or title.
Value Comment text.
2. Select Insert > Comment to display the Comment Create dialog box.

) If standard Comment names exist in the loginfo.loginfo file for your

site, click on the Ellipsis button and select a name from a list.
Figure 45: Coment Create dialog box
4. Click the Create button to insert the comment.
Logs
The naming convention for logs is LOG_VERSION (e.g., CALI_1, CALI_2).
1. Display the sets CORE, DEVIATION, HC_SIG, PROD_INT, TOPS and LITH.
When the Log Headers tab is selected, the following information is displayed
(use the horizontal scroll bar to view all the information):

Set Set name that contains the logs.
Log Log name; up to 32 characters long.
Version Version number of log; naming convention is
Log_Version.
Units Log units.
Minimum Minimum log value.
Maximum Maximum log value.
Mean Mean log value.

Std Dev Standard deviation of log values.
Top The shallowest non-null reference point (e.g.,
top depth).
Bottom The deepest non-null reference point. (e.g.,
bottom value).
SR Sample rate.
Frames Number of data frames or data lines.
Count Number of non-missing values.
Interpolation Type of interpolation (e.g., continuous, tops,
point).
Type Data type (e.g., Real, Alpha, Logical, Double,
Integer).
Repeat Repeat value: alpha - number of characters; real
- array
Comment Descriptive comment. GEOLOG creates
automatically.
Source Data source - GEOLOG module name that
created the log.
Date Modified Date and time the log was created.
Userid User name of person who created the log.
Exists Shows if log exists in well database (NO if not
saved).
Save Shows if log needs to be saved (e.g., a log
created by baseline shift but not yet saved).
Kind Source of the log.
API_Code Numeric code for log types, provided by logging
company.
Tool Id Tool ID name provided by logging company.
Run No The logging run number for the well.
Pass No Pass number for this tool during this logging run.
Direction Direction of logging (up or down).
Contractor Logging company contractor name.

Azimuth Type Where known specifies the type of apparent dip
(i.e. North or TOH). Where not specified North is
assumed when calculating true dip.
This is only applicable to azimuth logs.
Figure 46: Logs view for selected sets

To insert a new log
1. Select Insert > Log to display the Log Create dialog box.
The Set name defaults to either the first set in the Sets List (after
WELL_HEADER) or, if one or more are selected, the last set selected—in this
example, LITH.
2. Enter/select the values as shown in Figure 47.
Figure 47: Log Create dialog box
3. Click Create. The new log is inserted at the bottom of the list of LITH logs.
4. Select View > Sort.
Set and log names are reordered by an alphanumeric sort except for the
WELL_HEADER set and the DEPTH log, which retain their poll positions.
Log Values
1. Display the TOPS set.
2. Select the Log Values tab.
3. Click on the Denman Fm row header to select the row.
4. Click on the Table Menu icon and select Duplicate Row.
The selected row is duplicated and the duplicate is placed below the original.
5. Change the name of the duplicate to Thompson Fm and the depth value to
2900 (see Figure 48).

Note: Appending, inserting, duplicating and deleting rows on the Log Values tab is not permitted
for continuous data.
Set Name
Log Name
New log
values
Figure 48: Inserting log values

Exercise 5
Modify Data
This exercise is designed to help you become more familiar with using the Text
function in Well.
Editing Comments
1. Display the WELL_HEADER set.
2. Select the Comments tab.
3. Double click on the Value field of Comment2 to display the Comment - edit
dialog box.
4. Enter the following details:

TD - 11325.46ft (3452m) at 14:30 20 April 1999.
5. Click OK.
Modifying Logs
6. Display the LITH set.
7. Select the Log Headers tab.
8. Change the log name AEMP to TEMP.
9. Delete the TEMP log.
Entering log values into the previously created LITH set

10. Click on the Log Values tab.
11. Click on the Table Menu icon and select Insert Row.
12. Insert 3 more rows using the Table Menu.
13. Enter the data as shown in Figure 49, pressing <Enter> after each entry.

metric
imperial
Figure 49: Entering values for the LITH log
Table Deletions
To delete a row:
• select the row, click on the Table Menu icon, and select Delete Row.
To delete data:
• select the row or cell(s), and press the DELETE key.
Warning:
On the Log Values tab, Edit > Delete is not available to delete data and rows.
If you select a row, and are able to select Edit > Delete, this indicates that one or more logs
have been selected on the Log Headers tab, and the selected log(s) will be deleted.

14. Open the example_well layout—your lith data should be displayed in the
Lith track.
Modifying Constants
15. To go back to the Text view, click on the myname Document button (see
Figure 50) and display the WELL_HEADER set.
16. Click on the Constants tab.
17. Locate the LOCATION row.
18. Click in the field under the Value column and type in MILKY WAY GALAXY.
Document button
Figure 50: Modifying a constant for the currently open well

Creating a TOPS set
19. Open the WEZEN well (save any previous changes).
20. Open 4_composite.layout.
Note the lack of data on your layout (see Figure 51). The layout requires a
TOPS set for the display. As none is available, the layout consists of headers
without logs.
Figure 51: Layout when TOPS set is missing
21. Go to the Text view.
22. Select Insert > Standard Set > Tops. Geolog automatically inserts a
standard TOPS set with 2 logs: Depth and Tops.
23. Select the Log Values tab.
24. Enter the values as shown in Figure 52. The null values in the Tops log
represent the base depth for each zone.

Metric
Imperial
Figure 52: Entering values for TOPS log
) The working copy of the open well is updated as the changes are made, but
these are not saved to the database until the Well > Save command is
selected.
25. Select the 4_composite layout to view the well data.
26. Select Well > Save to save your changes.
27. Select Layout > Datum.
The settings in the Datum dialog box indicate that the layout covers zone1,
minus 30 ft (10m) to the base of zone4. These settings were saved with the
layout by clicking on the Save Datum checkbox in the Properties dialog box
(Edit > Properties).

28. Close the Datum dialog box.
Editing a sonic spike while simultaneously viewing the results graphically

29. Open the IZAR well.
30. Open sonic.layout.
31. Click on the Tiling Order icon in the bottom right corner of the window.
32. In the Tiling Order dialog box, select yourname (text file) and sonic.
33. Click the Tile button.
34. Click on the Layout view to make it active.
35. Use the Zoom tools and Scroll Bars to adjust your display. Scroll down the
sonic track in the layout to about 3950 ft (1200 m), a sonic spike is clearly
visible. Your display should look similar to Figure 53.
36. Click on the Text view to make it active and locate the WIRE.DT_1 depth of
~3966 ft (~1209 m) on the Log Values tab (see Figure 53).

Figure 53: Dynamically editing a sonic spike
37. Change the sonic log value to 64.110 (210.332).
Note the changes to the display, a new log version (DT_2) displays the edited
value.
) DT_1 and DT_2 on the sonic layout are displayed with different horizontal
scale ranges. To change, select Edit > Properties and select the Track tab.

Create Report / Print Data
Use the Report or Print options to produce reports and/or print all or part of the
data in the currently open well. The following sections on reporting/printing are for
information only, unless your instructor indicates otherwise.
Report
A report can be created and/or printed for all or part of the currently open well data.
To create a report
• In text view, select Text > Report... to display the Report dialog box (see
Figure 54).
Report file name or printer name
Data to be saved to file or printed
Figure 54: Text Report dialog box
• Fill in the fields for the Report dialog box.
• Click the Report button. The report is saved to file or sent to a printer/plotter, as
specified in the File field of the Report dialog box.
Print
The Print option can be used to print what is displayed on the currently
selected tab.
Note: The amount of data printed is determined by the printer setup—usually defined by your
Systems Administrator.

To print currently displayed tab data
• Select Text > Print... to display the File Select dialog box (see Figure 29 on
Page 43).
• Select a printer to print directly to a printer.
OR
Specify a file name to produce a report which can then be opened in, for example,
MS Wordpad or MS Excel. The following provides further information on the type
of report files which can be produced.
Space Delimited (ASCII PRN)
To create a file with fixed spacing, specify .prn for the file extension
(e.g., wire_log_headers.prn).
Comma Delimited (CSV Flat ASCII)
To create a comma delimited file, specify .csv for the file extension
(e.g., wire_log_headers.csv).
Report Format
To create a report format, do not provide a file extension or, use any extension
except .prn or .csv. If an extension is not provided, Geolog adds a .pdf extension.
About Default File Extensions

The default report format, and default file extension added (if not supplied)
depends on the parameter specified for MIN_REPORT_TYPE.
If MIN_REPORT_TYPE is set to:

• PDF: a PDF report format with a .pdf extension is generated
• TEXT: an ASCII report format with an .rpt extension is generated
If no file extension is specified when creating a report, the default report format is
used with the appropriate extension.

Step 4: Graphical Tools
Procedure
In this step, you use the graphical tools available in Geolog to modify and create data.
You will:
• Insert and modify pins in a log and adjust the log between pins.
• Merge 2 logs and merge a section of a log.
• Split a log into sections.
• Insert missing data in a log.
• Use picks to insert lithology/table data.
• Use picks to insert point data.
• Manually insert dips into an Image track.
• Shift log values back to a constant baseline.
• Recalibrate the depth values of a log using Depth Shift.
• Highlight an area of interest and view the results in various document views.
Well provides a variety of tools to graphically manipulate and process log data. These tools
are used to correct logs which have been poorly recorded, improve the display of logs by
extrapolating from accurate data to less accurate data, and generate synthetic data.
When logs are modified, they are given an incremented version number and comment which
reflects the modification. The original data is retained. Log names and comments can be
edited using Text View (discussed in Step 3: Text on Page 45). Graphical tools are accessed
from the Tools menu and most tools also have an icon on the Toolbar.
Regardless of the operation, graphical log editing follows the same simple procedure:
— Select the log(s).

— Select the graphical edit tool.
— Follow the prompts on Status bar.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 4: Graphical Tools 75

The following table lists the available tools and provides a description of their function.
TOOL DESCRIPTION
Pin Insert control points (handles) for log manipulation. Pins anchor
logs to depth points, and are used with most graphics tools.
Merge Splice logs or sections of logs together.
Split Divide a log into 2 logs.
Curve Insert Insert new log values.
Curve Insert Missing
Wrap Up Modify the left/right limits of a wireline track so additional log
Wrap Down values that extend beyond the current track limits can be
displayed /inserted.
Picks Create Interval (Formation tops), Table (alpha logs), Point
(marker logs) or Lithology (lithology patterns).
Dip Edit Graphically insert dips.
Baseline Shift Adjust log values to a constant baseline.
Depth Shift Shift logs vertically to place them “on depth” with a reference log.
Highlight Area Highlight an area or areas of interest.
Highlight Cancel
Mount Digitizer Mount a digitizer to record paper data.
Unmount Digitizer
Exercise 1
Pin
Pins are horizontal red lines drawn across an entire layout, and used to set control
points at selected depths.
1. Close all open views - Well > View > Close All.
2. Open the MIRA well and discard any changes.
This well contains logging data acquired with several tools. Each tool was run
several times over the same interval in the well. The Schlumberger tool codes
(GTS and NSPECT) were used for the set names when the data was loaded.
Each pass is represented as a different number appended to the set name.

3. As it may be useful, select Well > View > Use Rulers to turn on Ruler display.
) Selecting Use Rulers AFTER a document view is open does not display the
rulers. This option must be toggled on BEFORE opening a graphical view
(new or existing).
4. Open the 4_pin.layout.
) Before beginning, you may wish to adjust the Scale track to display extra
increments e.g., 10ft (1m) Medium solid lines with text.
To insert pins
5. Select Tools > Pin—your cursor changes to a pencil icon with a pin attached.
6. Click the left mouse button at depth 3010 ft (918m).
7. Move the mouse pointer down, clicking at each depth of 3040,3050, and
3060ft (927, 930, 933m) (see Figure 55 for an example).
8. To end the pin insertion, MIDDLE click at 3070ft (936m).

Pin
Selected Pin
Figure 55: Pins inserted in a layout
9. Select the pin at 3040ft (927m).
10. Select Edit > Delete to delete the pin.
11. Practice the following:
— Select multiple pins by holding down the SHIFT key as pins are selected.
— Click within the track but away from the pins to deselect ALL pins.
— Select Edit > Select All Pins to select all the pins on the layout.
— To deselect individual pins, hold the CTRL key and click on a selected pin.
— Drag selected pins to a new location by holding down the middle mouse
button on a pin and dragging. All selected pins are dragged. If the middle
mouse button is clicked when a pin or pins is/are selected, new pin(s) are
inserted.

12. Delete all the pins in your layout.
13. Select Tools > Pin to reinsert 2 pins at 3040 and 3060ft (927 and 933m).
To drag a pinned log

14. Select View > Drag > Vertical to restrict the drag on the log to vertical only.
15. Left click the GR log to select it.
16. Click and hold down the middle mouse button at approximately 3055ft
(931m) and drag the shape of the log to a new position.
See Figure 56 for an example of an adjusted log.
Log currently
being adjusted
between 2 pins Original Log
Figure 56: Graphically adjusting a log between 2 pins

17. Select View > Drag > Both and repeat the process. Note the version number
of the log after adjustment.
Duplicating the log display

Before editing a log, you can make a DISPLAY COPY of it for comparison with the
original. After adjusting the view, insert pins to make the required adjustments.
18. Select Layout > Open... and open 4_merge.layout.
19. Select the NSPECT_1.GR log, by clicking on its log name in the track header.
20. Click the middle mouse button somewhere in the track to duplicate the
log display.
21. To improve the new display:
— Double click on the new log (NSPECT_1.GR) to display the Properties

dialog box.
— On the Track tab, adjust the range of the log (e.g., Left = 10, Right = 220)
and change the Appearance (e.g., blue Line). Your layout should look
similar to Figure 57.

Duplicate log
Figure 57: Creating a display copy of a log
22. Select the duplicated log and delete it.
Log Versioning
Whenever an original log (log_1) is changed, an edited version of the log is
immediately created and the version number increases incrementally (i.e., an
edited version of log_1 appears as log_2). The original log is never overwritten.
It should be a regular housekeeping practice to keep the number of versions you

have in your well database under control. Remember to make use of your log
comments to keep track of which version is which.

Exercise 2
Merge
Logs from multiple runs down a well can be combined to form a single log using
Merge. Merging is useful where logging runs overlap or where incomplete data is
available. Logs can also be merged by splicing a section of one log into another.
Pins are used to define which technique is used.
Note: The order in which the logs are selected defines the set and log name of the new merged
logs.
To merge - single pin

1. Reopen the MIRA well, discarding any changes.
2. Select Well> View > Close All and discard any changes.
3. Reopen the 4_merge.layout.
4. Insert a single pin at approximately 3069ft (935.5m), just above the data you
wish to remove in NSPECT_1.GR_1 log.
) Use the Position Information in the bottom right corner of the

window to precisely select an exact depth.
5. Select the first log to be merged (NSPECT_1.GR_1).
6. Press and hold down the SHIFT key and select the next log to be merged
(GTS_3.CGR_1).

7. Select Tools > Merge to merge the selected logs to a single log which is
displayed in the track (see Figure 58).
Note the set.logname and version number of the merged log which matches
the set, logname and sample rate of the first log selected.
The new log is a combination of data down to the pin of the first log selected,
and data from the pin to the end of the second log selected.
Pin
Merged Log
Two logs . . .
. . . merged into a single log using a single pin
Figure 58: Merging logs

To merge - two pins
8. Close and reopen the layout, reopen the well, and discard any changes.
9. Insert pins at approximately 3072 and 3078ft (936 and 938m).
10. Select NSPECT_1.GR_1, hold the SHIFT key and select GTS_3.CGR_1.
11. Select Tools > Merge to create a single log with the section 3072 - 3078
(936 - 938m) from GTS_3.CGR_1 spliced into NSPECT_1.GR_1.
Exercise 3
Split
Split is used to split a log, or group of logs, into two or more sections. This is used
when deleting bad data from the bottom or top of a log (from logging inside casing
or while the tool sits on the bottom).
In this exercise, you will split the tail from the log merged in the previous exercise.
To split a log
1. Select Edit > Select All Pins.
2. Select Edit > Delete to remove all pins.
3. Scroll down to the bottom of the log created in the last exercise and note the
start of the bad data.
4. Insert a pin at the beginning of the tail—3218ft (980.85m).
5. Select the NSPECT_1.GR_2 log.
6. Select Tools > Split.
The log is now split into two new log versions (see Figure 59).
7. Select the bottom (tail) log and then select Edit > Delete to remove the tail.

Log Pinned and Split
Data Selected and Deleted
Figure 59: removing bad data (a tail) from a log using Split
8. Reopen both the well and layout, discarding all changes.
Exercise 4
Curve Insert
Curve Insert is used to graphically alter a log display by drawing in missing data or
re-drawing faulty log sections.
To insert a curve
1. In the 4_merge layout, select the original GR log (NSPECT_1.GR_1).
2. Select Tools > Curve Insert.

The cursor changes to a pencil, and a new log is displayed in the track (see
Figure 60). This is a temporarily inserted log named
logname_CURVE_INSERT_1 which is used by Geolog during the editing
process.
Temporary log
Original log
Figure 60: Temporary log created when using Curve Insert
) Ensure points are entered in the order of increasing depth, to avoid

overwriting the entered data points.
3. Click with the left mouse at the point to start curve insertion.
4. Continue inserting points to define the new curve.
5. Click with the middle mouse button, or press ESC, to complete the curve
insert; a new version of the log has been created (see Figure 61).

Original log
Graphically
inserted curves
Figure 61: graphically inserting missing curves
6. Repeat the Curve Insert process, editing the log where appropriate. Scroll
down, entering several values.
Note: The version number after each curve insert—the same log (in this example, Version 2) is
updated with each change until the well is saved; after saving, another version (in this
example, Version 3) would be created for subsequent changes.
7. Insert a third wireline log into the track.
8. Open the Properties dialog box, and on the Track tab, in the Wireline Log
section, select the original log (NSPECT_1.GR) and change Wrap to 1x to
create an identical display of the log.
) Another method to create an identical log using the Properties dialog box is
to select a log and click the Duplicate button.

Curve Insert Missing
Curve Insert Missing and Curve Insert are used to graphically alter a log by
replacing selected sections with missing values. These tools are also used to
insert missing values while creating a new log or section of log.
Curve Insert Missing is primarily used when digitizing. See Geolog’s online help
for detailed information on these tools.
Wrap
Wrap is a quick method of modifying the left and right limits of a wireline track so
that additional log values that extend beyond the current track limits can be
displayed or inserted. More precise limits can be set on the Track tab in the
Properties dialog box.
To use Wrap, select the log and then select Tools > Wrap Up or Tools > Wrap
Down. See Geolog’s online help for more information.
Exercise 5
Picks - Inserting Lithology / Table Data

Picks is an interactive graphical tool used to create and edit interval, table, point,
and lithology data. Depth values are picked with the mouse by clicking on the
layout, and log data is entered at that depth. The layout of graphical log data
provides a guideline for picks depth.
Picks enables you to create new sets and logs, or edit existing set.log data.
Applications for the Picks tool include:
TRACK
TYPE OF DATA LOG TYPE
TYPE
Marking zones for analysis. Tops Interval
Creating stratigraphic data for cross-section Tops Interval
correlations.
Marking perforations, casing shoes, etc. Point Point
Displaying text comments. Point Table
Creating interval data. Tops Interval
Creating lithology logs. Tops Lithology
Making lithology qualifier logs. Point Lithology

To use picks:
— Insert or select an Interval, Table, Point or Lithology track.

— Select Tools > Picks.
— Select a set name to save the picks, if required.
— Select a log name and its data type to be created by picking, if required.
— Insert picks data in the dialog box, as required, and pick the depth for
this data.
In this exercise, you will create a lithology and table track, and add tops data to
each via a dialog box and graphical picks.
1. Open the IZAR well (discard any changes to Mira).
2. Close the 4_merge layout and discard any changes.
3. Open the 4_picks layout, a simple layout of the GR log with sand zones
highlighted beside a depth log.
4. Select the Scale track.
5. Insert a Lithology track and then a Table track. These 2 tracks are displayed
to the right of the Scale track.
6. Select the Lithology track, then hold the CTRL key and select the Table track.
7. Select Tools > Picks.
To create the lithology and table logs, Geolog displays dialog boxes for you to
define the set, and the two logs.
8. Using Figure 62 as an example;
— In the first two dialog boxes click Create to accept the defaults.
— In the third dialog box change the Log field to DESCRIPTION, delete the
Units, set the Type to Alpha, change Repeat to 32, and click Create.

Figure 62: Creating the Set and Logs to store picks data
The Picks Edit dialog box is displayed (see Figure 63).
Rounding increment
Appearance Palette Fields
Figure 63: Picks Edit dialog box
To insert lithology and table data

When entering the lithology and description, 2 pins must be inserted, one for the
top and one for the base (which is actually the top of the next lithology) before the
pattern and description are displayed on your screen. If you insert a single pin and
enter the lith code and/or description, the information is not displayed until the next
pin is inserted.

9. Insert a pin by clicking with the left mouse button at the start of the first sand
zone [tops depth of 3116.5 ft (950.0m)] in the layout. If required, adjust the
pin using the middle mouse button.
10. Click to insert a pin at the base of the sand zone, which is also the start for the
next lithology.
11. Select the top pin and using Figure 64 as a guide:
— Click in the Lithology Appearance field (far right) and select a sand pattern
from the displayed Appearance palette. The associated Lith code is
automatically displayed.
— Enter SAND1 in the Table [Description] field.
Comments are entered in the left field.
Codes are selected by clicking the Appearance field and selecting a marker,
fill, or point pattern from the palette. The CODE, not the pattern or fill, is
displayed in the Table Track.
— Click Apply.
Figure 64: Using picks to create Lithology and corresponding description logs
) To delete a pin, select it and click the Delete button in the dialog box.

12. Continue to enter further depth tops, completing the lith and description log
values as shown in Figure 65.
— For the depth top at 3140.5 ft (957.3m) enter the lithology code with a
percentage value as displayed in Figure 65. The format for entering
percentage lithology is percentagecode (space) percentagecode
(e.g., 60%CL 40%SS).
Figure 65: Entering lithologies and descriptions
) Lithology and/or table values are not required for every depth top. Leave the
fields blank in the Picks Edit dialog box to set the value to missing.

13. To drag existing defined lithologies, position the cursor over a pin, and click
and hold the middle mouse button. A red frame of the new positions for the
tops is displayed. Associated lithologies and descriptions move with the depth
top (see Figure 66).
New position
Top dragged to new

position
Original top position
Figure 66: Adjusting (dragging) a depth top
14. Click on the Done button once all data has been inserted and positioned.
) To edit existing Picks data, select either track and then select Tools > Picks.
All tops and base data are displayed with pins at each depth top, which can
be modified as required.
15. Display the Properties dialog box and adjust the tracks to tidy up the display
as follows:
— Reduce the height of the headers for the Lithology and Table tracks to
match the Wireline and Scale tracks.
— Adjust the Header style to display the Titles vertically.
— Close the Properties dialog box.
16. Select and drag a Table track (PICKS.DESCRIPTION_1) control point to
adjust the track to provide enough room display the text.

Exercise 6
Picks - Inserting Point Data

You can insert point symbols at required depths using Picks (i.e., casing shoe,
perforations, paleo symbol). Point symbols are selected by inserting the name of a
symbol or selecting a point symbol from the Appearance Palette.
In this exercise, you will create a point track, and add point data via a dialog box
and graphical picks.
1. Select the Table track created in the previous exercise.
2. Select Insert > Point to insert a Point track to the right of the Table track.
3. Ensure the Point track is still selected and then select Tools > Picks.
4. Complete the Set Create and Log Create dialog boxes as shown in Figure 67,
clicking Create after completing each.
Figure 67: Creating the Set and Log to store point data
The Picks Edit dialog box is displayed. This dialog box is the same as the one
shown in Figure 63 on Page 90 with the exception that the fields are
associated with the single point track selected.

5. Click on the layout at the required depth, to insert the first point. A pin is
inserted at this point and its depth displayed in the Picks Edit dialog box.
6. In the Picks Edit dialog box, click in the Appearance field to display the
Appearance palette.
7. Select a point symbol from the MARKERS tab.
8. On the Picks Edit dialog box click Apply.
The selected symbol is displayed in the track at the selected depth

(see Figure 68).
Figure 68: Entering Point data
9. Continue picking depths and assigning markers to each depth.
10. Click Done when complete.
) To edit existing Picks data, select the track and then select Tools > Picks.
Existing pins are displayed which can be selected and modified as required,
or new ones inserted.

11. Using Figure 69 as a guide, open the Properties dialog box and:
— Change the marker size and positioning, and color of the symbols.
— Remove the box from around the markers.
Change this value to change

the size and position of the
symbols in the track.
Click in this field to display the

Appearance palette - remove
the line to remove the box
around the symbol; select a
color to change the color of the
displayed symbols.
Figure 69: Changing the Point track formattting
Exercise 7
Dip Edit
The Dip Edit tool is used to graphically pick and adjust dips in an Image track. The
tool enables you to trace out the dip curves as identified from an array log, and
store the information as depth, dip, and azimuth logs in a point sampled set.
To manually insert a dip into an Image track:
1. Open the SIRIUS well (discard changes to IZAR).
2. Close the 4_merge layout and discard any changes.
3. Set the Default Set to Cast.

4. Open the 4_dip_edit layout.
5. Locate and zoom in on the area of the image displaying the dip curves to be
traced—for this exercise, approx. 5433.5 ft (1656 m).
6. Select Tools > Dip Edit to display the Dip Edit Setup dialog box.
Figure 70: Editing the Dip Edit Setup
7. In the Ancillary Logs section:
— Diameter Log: Enter WIRE.BS.

8. Click OK to display the Dip Edit dialog box.
9. Click on the first curve to be traced.
A line with 3 control points is inserted into the track, and the depth, dip and
azimuth values for the inserted dip are displayed in the fields in the Dip Edit
dialog box (see Figure 71 on Page 98).

First mouse click inserts a line
and 3 control points.
Figure 71: Inserting the first point of a dip
10. Using Figure 72 as a guide, click twice more to place the second and third
control points.
) It takes a little practice to get the line positioned as required, The insertion
points do not have to be exact, as they can be adjusted later.

Second and third mouse clicks
to position line.
Figure 72: Inserting second and third points of a dip
11. If required, use the MIDDLE mouse button to adjust the control points
OR
Click in the fields in the Dip Edit dialog box and adjust the Reference, Dip and/
or Azimuth values, and click Apply.
The Colormap
This Colormap function is VIEWING ONLY to assist in focusing on different

features of the image data.
12. Click on the Colormap icon and select File > Import.
13. Locate and select the fms.qualify function.
14. The image in the track is updated with the new colors.

15. Select File > Import and select dip_category.qualify.
16. Close the Colormap dialog box and DISCARD the changes.
Warning: It is important to understand the following
When you close the Colormap dialog box, you are asked to save the colormap.
In most instances, you should select "Discard".
Selecting "Save" saves the changes using the colormap name displayed in the
Dip Edit dialog box and the file is saved in the project’s functions directory
(e.g., using Figure 72, the changes would be saved with the name "gray_16" in
./stars/functions).
This is probably not what you require. If you wish to keep any changes made to
the colormap, you should select "Cancel", select File > Save As and save the
changes to a new name. Then, if required, close all dialog boxes and open the
Properties dialog box (Edit > Properties) and change the colormap for the
Image track.
17. Click Done in the Dip Edit dialog box.
To edit existing dips:
18. Select Tools > Dip Edit to display the Dip Edit Setup dialog box.
19. Ensure a Diameter Log has been entered and click OK to display the Dip Edit
dialog box.
20. Click on the dip to be modified, or add/delete dips, as required.

Exercise 8
Baseline Shift
SP logs frequently exhibit a gradual drift from the shale baseline with depth. To
remove this drift and establish a consistent shale baseline (0 mv is usually the
shale baseline) the Baseline tool is used. Any log can be baseline shifted (the
baseline value is defined on the TRACK tab of the Properties dialog box) and log
values shifted back to the constant baseline.
To baseline shift
The SIRIUS well has an SP log that requires baseline shifting.
1. Close the 4_dip_edit layout.
2. Select Well > View > Use Rulers to toggle off the rulers.
3. Set the Default Set to Wire.
4. Open the 4_sp_baseline layout.
This layout displays the log with a red baseline defined.
5. Select the SP_2 log.
6. Select Zoom > Overview and determine where the log should be shifted.
7. Zoom back in on the top of the log.
8. Select Tools > Baseline Shift. The mouse changes to a pencil with a pin
attached.
9. Insert a pin (top pin), at the first point where the log crosses the baseline and
then insert a second pin (base pin) at the second point to define the interval of
the log to shift (see Figure 73).

First (top) Pin
Pins are inserted at

points where log
Baseline
crosses baseline.
Second (base) Pin
Figure 73: Defining the baseline shift interval in the log
10. Insert pins at 2000 and 2500 ft (609.6 and 762 m).
The log shifts to the baseline as you insert each pin (see Figure 74). The
values along the curve are being shifted by interpolation.

First (top) Pin
Pin inserted to identify point

to be shifted to baseline.
Log has shifted back to

baseline after pins inserted.
Pin inserted to identify point

to be shifted to baseline.
Second (base) Pin
Figure 74: Selected interval of log shifted to baseline
11. Press ESC when the pins have been entered.

Exercise 9
Depth Shift
Depth shift is used to recalibrate the depth values of a log. One or more logs can
be recalibrated (shifted). The process involves creating a shift set by graphically
matching the curve signatures from a shift (incorrect) log with the corresponding
curve from a reference (correct) log. Once the shift set is created, it can be applied
to any log.
To perform depth shifting, a layout is required where:
— the log to be shifted is displayed on one track, and

— the reference (correct) log is displayed on another track, and
— a space exists between the two tracks.
Depth Shift - create a shift set

In the following example, the NSPECT_1.GR_1 log is used as the reference and
the GTS_1.SGR_1 log is shifted against it.
1. Reopen the MIRA well, discarding any changes to the SIRIUS data.
2. Close 4_sp_baseline layout.
3. Open 4_depthmatch layout.
The 4_depthmatch layout displays the logs for this well in the correct format
for depth matching (see Figure 75).

Log To Be Shifted Reference Log
Space Between Tracks
Figure 75: Typical layout required for depth shifting
Shifts are created graphically by matching and saving pairs of points on the
log to be adjusted and the reference log. These values are saved to a shift set
which can then be re-applied to other logs that require shifting.
4. Select the log to be shifted, GTS_1.SGR_1.
5. Hold down the SHIFT key and select the reference log, NSPECT_1.GR_1.
6. Select Tools > Depth Shift > Create Manual to display the Depth-shift set
dialog box (see Figure 76).

Figure 76: Depth-shift Set dialog box
7. In the Selection field enter SHIFT for the Shift Set name.
This set stores the depth tie-pairs created by this interactive process. If you
had previously performed depth shifting, the SHIFT set would be displayed
the list.
8. Click OK.
The log to be shifted is copied over to the reference log track to make visual
depth comparison easier. The Depth-shift dialog box is displayed (see
Figure 77).

Log to be shifted is copied to reference track
Shift rounding adjusts the

shifted depth values to
the nearest round value.
Figure 77: Overlay of log to be shifted in reference log track
) Do depth shifts in multiple passes. On the first pass, pin points that require
no depth shifting, on the second, distinctive points, on the third and
subsequent passes, pin other depth correlations.
9. In the Reference Log track, make corrections to the log to be shifted using the
following procedure:
— Left mouse click to insert the first pin. Note the mouse pointer changes to
a pencil.
— Continue inserting pins at points where shifts are required using the left
mouse button.
— Use the middle mouse button to drag the pin and log to be adjusted up or
down against the reference. Shift and reference depth values are
displayed in the Depth shift dialog box as shifts are located.

) The shift log can be moved left/right as well as up/down to make the
correlation. Pins and horizontal red lines indicate the depth-offsets.
Pins can be inserted or deleted in any depth order.
10. Click Done when all pins are inserted.
Log (shift) Curve
Depth Offset
Pinned Depth Shifts
Depth shifted to overlay

reference curve
Figure 78: Pins inserted where shifts are required

Apply Depth Shifts
Shifts are saved as depth pairs in the selected shift set. A shift set can be created
by one person, then reviewed and edited by another.
To view the pairs

1. Select Well > View > New >Text.
2. Select the SHIFT set and click the Log Values tab.
Depth Offsets
Figure 79: Depth shift pairs
Although the depth offsets have been defined, and stored as a set of depth offset
pairs, nothing has actually been shifted yet. The depth offset pairs can be applied
to individual logs. For each log depth shifted, a new version of that log is
generated. If applied to a reference log (e.g., depth), every log in the set will be
effectively shifted.
3. Make the 4_depthmatch layout active.
4. Select Tools > Depth Shift > Apply Logs to display the tp_log_shift module.

Figure 80: Depth shift apply logs module displayed in Module Launcher
The Module Launcher, Geologs’ document view for displaying loglans and
modules, is detailed in "Utilities" on Page 115.
5. Using Figure 80 as a guide, complete the fields as follows:
FIELD VALUE
Input Set: WIRE

Sampling Log DEPTH
As set is not specified, the DEPTH log from the WIRE
(Input) set is used.
Output Set: GTS_1
LOG_IN Double click on the Value field and then click on the Log
(Logs to shift)
Select icon to open the Log Select Multiple dialog
box; select all logs in the GTS_1 set (except the reference
log, GTS_1.DEPTH).
CORRECTED SHIFT.DEPTH_COR
(Corrected The log to use which has been corrected by shifting (in this
reference log) example, DEPTH_COR, the corrected depth log).
Note: Once the Output Set has been generated, the reference log for this set may vary from the
Sampling Log used, it may have been adjusted up and/or down by the amount of shifting
that has occurred.
6. Select Launcher > Start or click the Start button to create new versions of
each log selected for shifting.

7. Make the Text View active and view the logs. See Figure 81 as an example or
view the logs in a layout.
Figure 81: CALI log after applying depth shifting
8. Close all open document views, discarding any changes.
Exercise 10
Highlight
The Highlight tool is used to highlight areas of interest and is displayed in all Scale
tracks on a layout. Highlighted areas are also displayed in other open document
views.
1. Open the highlight layout.
2. Scroll down to approx. 850 ft (260 m).

3. Select Tools > Highlight Area.
The mouse pointer changes to a pencil.
4. Drag the pencil on the layout to highlight the coal area.
The area selected is highlighted in red in the Scale track.
5. Open the pickett_dt_rt crossplot.
6. If you are using Imperial units you will need to change the formula for the
Y Axis of the crossplot:
— Open the Properties dialog box and change the Log Expression as shown
in Figure 82.
— Click OK.
Figure 82: Imperial unit - changing the Y Axis log expression
Note the points highlighted in red on the crossplot.
7. Tile the open views.
Figure 83 shows an example of the area of interest highlighted in the layout

and the crossplot.

area of interest
Figure 83: Using highlight to identify an area of interest
8. Open a Text view, select the WIRE set, and the Log Values tab.
Note: The name "Highlight" is a reserved set name and should not be used because when you
use the Highlight tool Geolog overwrites the set, and then deletes it when you cancel the
highlighting.
9. To quickly synchronise the text view data with the layout data (so you do not
have to scroll down to find the data highlighted in red):
— Select the highlight layout and select View > Synchronise Position
Now.
10. Scroll down the highlight layout to approx 1020 ft (310.8 m).

11. Select Tools > Highlight Area.
12. Drag the pencil on the layout to highlight the area from 1020 ft to 1050 ft
(310.8 m to 320 m).
13. Practice synchronising the layout and text view again.

Figure 84 shows the second area of interest is highlighted in green in the
Scale track and text view, and the crossplot shows both highlighted areas.
Figure 84: Highlighting multiple areas of interest
14. Select Tools > Highlight Cancel, this function cancels the highlighting for all
views.
The crossplot now displays the colors specified on the Color tab. When the
Highlight tool is used, the areas not highlighted are displayed in black for easy
identification.
) Highlighted areas are not saved when the display or well is saved, and only
remain until you exit Well or select Tools > Highlight Cancel.
Mount / Unmount Digitizer

Beyond the scope of this tutorial. See the Layout online help for information on
using these functions, and the "Peripherals" section of the Environment online
help for information on setting up digitizers for use in Geolog.

Step 5: Utilities
Procedure
Geolog makes extensive use of the Module Launcher. The Module Launcher is a document
view which displays functions and utilities (usually referred to as modules or loglans). In this
step, you will become familiar with using the Module Launcher, and learn to use some of Well’s
utilities which invoke the Module Launcher.
You will:
• Learn the various methods for starting Geolog’s Module Launcher.
• Learn how to use the Module Launcher.
• Learn about the Menu list tree and its uses.
• Create a new log using the Evaluate utility.
• Create regularly sampled data.
• Resample log data at a multiple of the current sample rate using the
Resample utility.
• Evaluate lithology from a GR log.
Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 5: Utilities 115

Overview
Geolog provides a range of data processing modules on the General menu, as well as a large
range of standalone modules (modules not linked with a specific application such as Well)
which can be invoked when you select General > Module...
Most of these modules can be:
• Run in either Well or Project.
• Used for log analysis, data manipulation, and calculations.
• Applied to process either a single or multiple wells.
• Applied over a specified interval or the entire well.
• Run as a command line process external to Geolog6.
Help on each module is available via Unix man page entries. For example, to display help on
the tp_despike module, at the Unix prompt enter:
% geolog6 man tp_despike
Help is also available on each module within Geolog, via a Module Help button. For example,
to display help on the tp_log_copy module click the Module Help button displayed on the
module view. A separate help window is displayed, as shown in Figure 85.
Figure 85: Example module help window

Exercise 1
Starting the Module Launcher

This exercise will familiarize you with the various methods for starting Geolog’s
Module Launcher and opening modules.
To open a standalone module

Use the General menu within a Geolog application such as Well or Project.
1. Close all open views, discarding any changes.
2. Reopen MIRA, discarding any changes.
3. Select General > Module... The File Select dialog box is displayed to locate
and select the required module.
4. Open badhole.info.
Figure 86: Module Launcher Displaying the Badhole Module
To open a specific module

Select menuname > item—for instance, General > Evaluate or Petrophysics >
Precalc.
5. Select General > Calculate > Calculator.
Only one Module Launcher view can be open at a time and as a result the
Calculator module replaces the Badhole module.

To open a module using the Module Launcher menu or Toolbar
6. Select Launcher > Module... to display the File Select dialog box.
7. Select a file.
To run from a command line (e.g., Unix or Windows TCL shell prompt)
Examples of using the cgm_to_hpgl module:
Unix:
geolog6 cgm_to_hpgl FILE_IN = section.cgm FILE_OUT = section.hpgl \
DPI = 300 MONO = false SCALE = false LENGTH = 10000 WIDTH = 900
Windows:
cgm_to_hpgl FILE_IN = section.cgm FILE_OUT = section.hpgl \
DPI = 300 MONO = false SCALE = false LENGTH = 10000 WIDTH = 900

Exercise 2
Using the Module Launcher

This exercise explains the various components of the Module Launcher and how
to use them. Using tools which invoke the Module Launcher to create or modify
data is covered in the next exercises.
1. Select General > Calculate > TVD to open the tp_tvd module (see Figure 87).
Figure 87: Geolog’s Module Launcher displaying TVD module
When selected, functions are displayed in a Module Launcher window which,

when completed, contains all the input and output information (parameters,
constants and logs) required to run the module. Defaults are provided, where
appropriate, and input data can be entered or selected from a list of valid options.

Show Insensitive Toggle Quick Entry Icon
Selection
Section Dropdown List
Field
Constants Field
Parameters
Section
Data Entry Field
More Value field types
Insensitive Value Field
Data Entry Field

Log Select icon displayed after
double clicking or pressing ENTER.
Figure 88: Working in the Module Launcher window

The following are brief explanations of some of the components of the Module
Launcher. Your instructor will provide more detailed information, where required.
Selection Section
Input Set The set displayed is either the set specified for the module, or, if
not specified, the default set specified for the application (see
"Specify a Default Set" on Page 17). Logs to be processed by the
module come from this set, unless otherwise specified.
To change, click on the Set Select icon to select from the Set
Select dialog box, or enter a set name in the field.
Note: In previous versions of Geolog, when the Input Set was
changed, all Parameters were reset to the defaults for the
module. This no longer occurs. To reset the Parameter
defaults, select Launcher > Reopen.
To change the Input Set for all subsequent module processing,
select Application_name > Default Set... (e.g., Well > Default
Set...).
Output Set The set displayed is either the set specified for the module, or, if
not specified, the default set specified for the application (see
"Specify a Default Set" on Page 17). Logs to be processed by the
module are written to this set, unless otherwise specified.
If the set specified does not exist, it is created.
To change, click on the Set Select icon to select from the Set
Select dialog box, or enter a set name in the field.
To change for all subsequent module processing, select
Application_name > Default Set... (e.g., Well > Default Set...).
Sampling
Log Enter a log name or click on the Log Select icon to open the
Log Select dialog box and select a log from the Input Set which
determines the sample rate of data output when the module is
processed.
If this field is left blank, the output sample rate is determined by
the Input Set’s reference (e.g., depth) or, if no input set is
specified, by the first input log.
Note: It is important in modules such as tp_fill that the sampling
control log covers the entire range of the input log being
processed.
Show Insens By default the "Show Insens" option is toggled OFF, which means
the Insensitive Value cells are not displayed.

Selection Section
Set Select to define the top and bottom limits.
Processing When the Set Processing Limits button is selected, the Datum
Limits dialog box (see "Format the Datum" on Page 19) is displayed.
This dialog box is used to set processing limits, interval
processing, etc. Where DATA_TOP / DATA_BOTTOM is used, the
range of data processed represents the intersection of the range
of all input logs and that of the sampling control log.
Parameters (Table) Section

Like spreadsheets, Geolog's Table format is organized into rows and columns.
Data displayed with a colored background is view only, while that with a white
background can be edited. The background color of the view only data is used to
distinguish the type of data. In the case of the Value column, dark gray is used to
indicate that a parameter is not applicable (uneditable) and light gray indicates
the parameter is editable.
Location Where the data can be found, if it exists:
• PARAMETER - default values.
• CONSTANT - values are stored/read from well header
constants.
• INTERVAL - values are stored/read from an interval set.
• LOG - values are stored/read from a log set.
Mode Identifies the data as Input, Output or In_Out.
Comment Description of the parameter.
Unit The units in which the variable is stored or written (based on the
environment variable MIN_UNIT_SYSTEM).
Name The name that the module searches for in the database.
Value If intervals are selected, the name of the interval is displayed in
columns the column title; otherwise, the column title is "Value".
Constant value or variable name to be used by the module; user
definable.

To enter / change data
• Dropdown List field: Double click in the field to display the Dropdown List
icon. Click on the icon to display a list.
OR
Middle click on the field to cycle through a list of items.
OR
Click in the field and enter a value.
• Data entry field: Click in the field and enter a value.
OR
Click on the icon next to the field to display a list
(double click on the field in the Value column to display
the icon).
• Constants field: Click in the field and enter a value.
• Insensitive value field: The "grayed out" fields are not applicable (not editable)
for the values currently selected. In this example, the
TVD_TOOL_LENGTH is only applicable to the
MERCURY method.
To enter / change data using Quick Entry

The Quick Entry dialog box displays lists and default values, where applicable,
and information on the current parameter being modified in a single dialog box.
1. Select the Value field (Minimum Curvature) for Method in the Parameters table.
2. Select Edit > Quick Entry to display the Quick Entry dialog box.
Description (Comment) of
parameter currently being List of options
modified
Value to be used
Parameter Name
and Type
Figure 89: Module Launcher’s Quick Entry dialog box

3. Where applicable, double click on an entry in the list to specify the value to be
used (for this exercise, use the default - Minimum Curvature).
4. The Quick Entry dialog box displays the next editable field. Enter the value to
be used (for this exercise - 20).
5. Click Apply to apply the change and go to the next editable field.
6. Click Next to skip the current field and go to the next editable field. See the
"Using Geolog" online help for detailed information on working in the Module
Launcher.
7. Click Close to close the Quick Entry dialog box.
Exercise 3
Using the Menu List

Geolog’s Menu List is a graphical "tree" or list view of the application menus only.
For instance, when in Well, the Menu List displays the General, Petrophysics,
Geology and Geophysics menus.
To display the Menu List

8. Click the Menu List icon, in the Quick Access area of the Display Bar, to
display the Menu List.

Menu List Icon
Figure 90: Menu list displayed
You can navigate the Menu List using the mouse or keyboard:
Activity Mouse Operation Keyboard Operation

To expand a menu Select the menu and press the
Click on its Plus sign OR right arrow key.
double click on its menu name.
To collapse a menu Select the menu and press the
Click on its Minus sign OR left arrow key.
double click on its menu name.
To expand or collapse all RIGHT click on the menu name and -
items beneath a menu select Expand Branch or Collapse
Branch.
To expand or collapse ALL RIGHT click on Menu List and select -
menus Expand Branch or Collapse Branch
(see Figure 91 for an example)

To find a menu item RIGHT click on Menu List and select On the keyboard press the first
Find to open the Find dialog box. letter of the menu item required.
Enter the required search criteria and
click Find.
Note: You can also right click on any
menu name and select Find,
but if the item you are looking
for, is further up the tree you
must select Search from Top.
To invoke a menu item Double click on the menu name.
9. Practice using the Expand and Collapse Branch menu options.
Right click on Menu List

and select an option to
perform on all menus
Figure 91: Expand, collapse and find using menu list

10. Use the Find option to find the Evaluate module within the Menu List.
Figure 92: Using the menu list find option
Exercise 4
Evaluate
By applying an expression to an existing log, new logs can be created.
The following table lists some operators and valid expressions. For a
comprehensive list, see Operators and Expressions in the Loglan online help.
OPERATORS EXPRESSIONS
< less than Calculation: DRHO - 2.3
<= less than or equal to Youngs Modulus:DEN/SON**2
> greater than Calibration: DEN*(1.0+CAL/12.0)
>= greater than or Range: RANGE (DEPTH, 1000, 2000)
equal to Conditional: IFC (SEAM==ABC, CORR(PHIE),
== equal numbers or PHIE)
the same string
<> not equal numbers
or the same string

) The conditional-if statement above, is operating on an alpha log and says
that if the value of the SEAM log is ABC, then correct the PHIE log using
macro CORR operating on PHIE; otherwise, return the current frame value.
1. Open the 4_module layout.
2. Within the Menu List, double click on Evaluate to display the tp_evaluate
module.
3. Click the Menu List icon, to toggle off the Menu List.
4. Enter the parameters for the module as follows (as shown in Figure 93):
Selection section:
— Input Set: GTS_1; unless otherwise specified in the individual

input fields, all input comes from this set.
— Output Set: NEW; unless otherwise specified in the individual
output fields, all output is saved to this set; if the set
does not exist, it will be created when the module is
run.
) If you select a specific Default Set using Well > Default Set... (in this case
GTS_1), the Input and Output sets in the module default to GTS_1.
Parameters section:
— EXPRESSION: limit(sgr,20,99).
— UNITS: gapi.
— COMMENT: Truncate SGR log; Optional descriptive text
explaining origins or purpose in creating.
— LOG OUT: SGR; Output set has been specified as NEW so data
is stored in NEW.SGR.

Figure 93: Evaluate module
5. Click the Start button. Your layout should reflect the new evaluated log (see
Figure 94).

Log to display does
not currently exist.
After running
Evaluate, log exists
and is displayed.
Evaluated SGR log

Original Layout truncated at 20 and 99.
Original SGR log.
Layout After Running Evaluate Module
Figure 94: Original and evaluated SGR logs
) Geolog retains the last set of parameters used in each module. To rerun the
module—open the module, select Launcher > Restore..., select the
previous.modulename file and click OK. The last parameters used are
entered into the module. You can also save your parameters (Launcher >
Save As...) to a file to restore for future use.
e.g. Open General > Evaluate, select Launcher > Restore...

select previous.tp_evalute and click OK.
6. Save the well.

This ensures any new logs generated are new versions. Unless saved, a new
log may be overwritten by subsequent log processing.

Exercise 5
Interpolate
The Interpolate module:
— Creates regularly sampled data.

— Can interpolate from one reference domain to another.
A set which is regularly sampled in one reference, such as DEPTH, can
be interpolated to regular sampling in another reference, such as
TWTIME. Both references must exist in the Well database.
— Interpolates data within the same reference.
1. Select General > Sampling > Interpolate to display the tp_interpolate module.
2. Enter the parameters for the module as follows (and shown in Figure 95):
Selection section:
— Input Set: GTS_1.

— Output Set: NEW.
Parameters section:
— SAMPLE_RATE: 3.281 ft (1m).

— SR_UNITS: Feet (Metres)
If left blank, the units default to those of the
reference log otherwise, the new reference is
converted to the specified units.
— REFERENCE: DEPTH
The output reference.
— LOG_IN: SGR
More than one log can be specified.

Figure 95: Interpolate module
3. Click the Start button. Your layout should look similar to Figure 96.

Original SGR log
Interpolated SGR log
Click to display Feedback window

Figure 96: Interpolated SGR log displayed in second wireline track
) Click on the More Info icon in the Message area at any time during module
execution to display the Feedback window (see Figure 96).
4. Save the well.
Exercise 6
Resample
Resample is used to resample log data at a multiple of the current sample rate.
This can be used to reduce log or database size, and allow faster processing. An
anti-aliasing filter, to eliminate the aliasing associated with resampled data, can be
applied, if required.
The module resamples depth or time to a new sampling rate.
1. Select General > Sampling > Resample to display the tp_resample module.

2. Enter the parameters for the module as follows (and shown in Figure 97):
Selection section:
— Input Set: GTS_1

— Output Set: NEW
Parameters section:
— SAMPLE_RATE: 3.281 ft (1m). The required output sample rate;

data is resampled to an exact multiple of the input
sampling rate; Geolog calculates the closest exact
multiple of the sampling rate to use (therefore, the
entered value may not be used).
— SR_UNITS: Feet (Metres). If left blank, the units are assumed
to be the same as those of the reference log.
Otherwise, the reference is converted to the
specified units.
— ANTI_ALIASING: Leave the default as "Filter". An anti-alias filter may
optionally be applied, and two are presently
available, MEAN and FILTER. MEAN applies a
simple top-hat filter to the data around the point
being processed and thus calculates the mean for
the output value. FILTER is a Hanning filter weighted
to smoothly taper the window ends to zero.
— FILTER_SIZE: Number of points in filter; use the default of 201.
— REFERENCE: DEPTH; the reference log of the logs to be
resampled.
— LOG_IN: SGR; one or more logs can be entered.

Figure 97: Resample module
3. Click the Start button.
Your layout should look similar to Figure 98.

Input log
Resampled
SGR log
Figure 98: Resampled SGR log
Exercise 7
Evaluate Lithology from GR Log

By applying a qualifier function, which translates data ranges to lith codes, to the
values of a GR log, a new lithology log can be evaluated. This new log is
continuously sampled at the INPUT LOG rate.
1. View the pre-defined qualifier function as follows:
— Select the tp_resample view (module launcher).

— Select View > Function Maintenance to display the Function
Maintenance dialog box.
— Click the File Select icon and select gr_lith.qualify (see Figure 99).
— Click OK to open the function.

GR value ranges to substitute with fill patterns
Figure 99: Xplot Function Maintenance dialog box
2. Click OK.
) All functions created and saved in the Xplot Function Maintenance dialog
box are located in the project’s functions directory.
QUALIFY functions are applied within the Evaluate module or within Loglan
programs.
3. Take a look at gr_lith.qualify using a terminal window.
4. To apply the gr_lith qualify function, select General > Evaluate.
5. Enter the following values:
— Input Set: GTS_1 (sample rate is used for new log).

— Output Set: NEW.
— EXPRESSION: gr_lith(gr); this means apply the gr_lith
function to the GR log. The ranges specified in the
function map lithology codes to their corresponding
data points in the log.
— UNITS: leave blank, as there are no units for lithology codes.

— TYPE: ALPHA*4; this is an alphanumeric data type of
4 characters long. The default data length for an
ALPHA log is 4, so you must ensure that the number
of characters is at least as long as the longest
output code.
) You may wish to change this data later, so ensure the character length
allows for this.
— COMMENT: Evaluate lithology from GR.

— LOG_OUT: LITH.
6. Click the Start button. Your layout should look similar to Figure 100.
Figure 100: Evaluated Lith log created from GR log
7. Close the open views and discard any changes.
8. Close the well, MIRA and discard the changes.

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Introduction to Geolog's Well Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

GEOLOG 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial 12 / 2006 1

GEOLOG 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial 12 / 2006 2

Welcome to the Geolog Well tutorial.

• Create your own layout.

• View and modify well data using the graphical interface.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Introduction 1

Well is Geolog’s MDI (Multiple Document Interface) application designed to

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Well Overview 2

• Start the Well application and open a single well.

• Open multiple wells.

• Open various document views.

2. Click on the Well icon to start the Well application.

Your screen should look similar to Figure 1.

Figure 1: Initial Well application window

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 3

4. Select ATLAS from the list of wells.

5. Click OK to open the well.

6. Select Well > Close.

Open Multiple Wells

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 4

Available wells are shown in the Source section, on the left.

Figure 4: Multiple wells selected

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial

Step 1: The Well Interface 5

Figure 5: Well application title bar

Open Document Views to Display Data

Active Well Title Bar

Figure 6: New text view opened with ATLAS as active well

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 6

CAPELLA is now the active well.

6. Select Well > View > Xplot... and open rho_nphi_gr.xplot.

Figure 7: Multiple document views open in Gelolog’s Well application

11. Select Well > View > Layout...

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 7

Figure 8: ATLAS well data displayed in ALLTRACKS layout

The layout in Figure 8 represents a cross-section of some of the track types

14. Close the alltracks layout.

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 8

Artist Picture inserted in layout header

Track Header Area

Track Footer Area

Figure 9: Components of a well layout

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 9

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 10

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 11

Geolog 6.6.1 - Well Tutorial Step 1: The Well Interface 12

In this step, you will:

• Create a new layout and insert several track types.

• Specify a default set and default well.

• Format the datum for the display.

• Format the tracks.

• Add core data to a Wireline track.

• Display core descriptions in a Table track.

• Plot a core photograph.

• Insert and format a Layout header.