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    Unit IV - Lesson 1

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    Rizal annotated Antonio de Morga's book 'Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas' which described the early Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Rizal aimed to correct distortions and provide context on pre-colonial Philippine society. He argued the Philippines was prosperous before colonization but was later decimated and exploited under Spanish rule. Rizal's annotations were published in 1890 and provided a nationalist perspective on Philippine history.

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    Unit IV - Lesson 1

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    Rizal annotated Antonio de Morga's book 'Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas' which described the early Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Rizal aimed to correct distortions and provide context on pre-colonial Philippine society. He argued the Philippines was prosperous before colonization but was later decimated and exploited under Spanish rule. Rizal's annotations were published in 1890 and provided a nationalist perspective on Philippine history.

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    Rizal annotated Antonio de Morga's book 'Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas' which described the early Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Rizal aimed to correct distortions and provide context on pre-colonial Philippine society. He argued the Philippines was prosperous before colonization but was later decimated and exploited under Spanish rule. Rizal's annotations were published in 1890 and provided a nationalist perspective on Philippine history.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    18 views4 pages

    Unit IV - Lesson 1

    Uploaded by

    20235701
    Rizal annotated Antonio de Morga's book 'Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas' which described the early Spanish colonization of the Philippines. Rizal aimed to correct distortions and provide context on pre-colonial Philippine society. He argued the Philippines was prosperous before colonization but was later decimated and exploited under Spanish rule. Rizal's annotations were published in 1890 and provided a nationalist perspective on Philippine history.

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    Rizal's Annotation of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas

    What is Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas?


    ► It is one of the important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization
    of the Philippines published in Mexico in 1609 by Antonio de Morga.
    ► Annotated by Jose Rizal with a prologue by Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt.

    Antonio de Morga

    ► Spanish conquistador, government official, and historical anthropologist; author


    of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands).
    ► He wrote the first lay formal history of the Philippines conquested by Spain.
    ► A doctorate in canon law and civil law.

    Antonio de Morga
    ► His history is valuable in that Morga had access to the survivors of the earliest
    days of the colony and he, himself, participated in many of the accounts that he
    rendered. ► The book (Sucesos..) narrates the history of wars, intrigues, diplomacy
    and evangelization of the Philippines in a somewhat disjointed way. Modern
    historians (including Rizal) have noted that Morga has a definite bias and would
    often distort facts or even rely on invention to fit his defense of the
    Spanish conquest.

    Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas

    Morga's purpose for Writing Sucesos


    ► Morga wrote that the purpose for writing Sucesos was to explain "the deeds
    achieved by our Spaniards: the discovery, conquest, and conversion of the Filipinas
    Islands - as well as various fortunes that they have from time to time in the great
    kingdoms and among the pagan peoples surrounding the islands. "
    ► Taking issue with the scopes of these claims, Rizal argued that the conversion
    and conquest were not as widespread as portrayed because the missionaries were only
    successful in conquering a portion of the population of certain Islands .

    Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas


    ► CHAPTER 1 : Magellan and Legazpi's seminal expedition.
    ► CHAPTER 2 - 7 : Chronological report on gov't administration under Governor-
    General.
    ► CHAPTER 8 : Philippine Islands, the natives there, their antiquity, custom and
    government.
    What leads Jose Rizal to Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas?
    ► Rizal was an earnest seeker of truth and this marked him as a historian.
    ► He had a burning desire to know exactly the conditions of the Philippines when
    the Spaniards came ashore to the islands.
    ► His theory was that the country was economically self-sufficient and prosperous .
    Entertained the idea that it had a lively and vigorous community.
    ► He believed the conquest of the Spaniards contributed in part to the decline of
    the Philippine's rich tradition and culture.
    What leads Jose Rizal to Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas?
    ► He then decided to undertake the annotation of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos De Las
    Islas Filipinas.
    ► His personal friendship with Ferdinand Blumentritt provided the inspiration for
    doing a new edition of Morga's Sucesos.
    ► Devoting four months research and writing and almost a year to get his
    manuscript published in Paris in
    January 1890.

    ► Rizal spent his entire stay in the city of London at the British Museum's
    reading room.
    ► Having found Morga's book, he laboriously hand copied the whole 351 pages of the
    Sucesos.
    ► Rizal proceeded to annotate every chapter of the Sucesos.

    Rizal's annotation of Morga's Sucesos


    ► His extensive annotations of Morga's work number "no less than 639 items or
    almost two annotations for every page."
    ► Rizal also annotated Morga's typographical errors.
    ► He commented on every statement that could be nuanced in Filipino cultural
    practices.

    Rizal's annotation of Morga's Sucesos


    ► For example, on page 248 Morga describes the culinary art of the ancient
    Filipinos by recording: "... they prefer to eat salt fish which begin to decompose
    and smell." Rizal's footnotes : "This is another preoccupation of the Spaniards
    who, like any other nation in that matter of food, loathe that to which they are
    not accustomed or is unknown to them... The fish that Morga mentions does not taste
    better when it is beginning to rot; all on the contrary" it is bagoong ,and all
    those who have eaten it and tasted it know it is not or ought not to be rotten"

    Rizal's annotation of Morga's Sucesos


    ► Rizal commits the error of many historians in appraising the events of the past
    in the light of present standards.
    ► Rizal's attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of
    the friars should not be construed to mean the Catholicism is bad.

    ► Ferdinand Blumentritt also wrote a preface emphasizing some salient points:


    ► The Spaniards have to correct their erroneous conception of the Filipinos as
    children of limited intelligence.
    ► That there existed three kinds of Spanish delusions about the Philippines:
    Filipinos were an inferior race, Filipinos were not ready for parliamentary
    representation and other reforms, denial of equal rights can be compensated by
    strict dispensation of justice.

    Ferdinand Blumentritt's Prologue


    ► Writing in Spanish, instead of his native German language
    ► Praised Rizal's work as "scholarly and well-thought out"
    ► He noted that Morga's Sucesos was so rare that "the very few libraries that have
    it guard it with the same solicitude as if it were the treasure of the Incas”.

    Ferdinand Blumentritt's Prologue


    ► He criticized Rizal's annotations on two counts:
    ► He first observed that Rizal had committed the mistake of many modern historians
    who judged events in the past in the context of contemporary ideas and more.
    ► He perceived as the overreach of Rizal's denunciations of Catholicism, that Rizal
    should confine his critique to the religious orders in the Philippines who spared
    no effort to suppress calls for reform.

    Rizal's purpose of the Morga's Sucesos


    ► In Jose Rizal's dedication, he explained among other things, the purpose of the
    new edition of Morga's Sucesos:
    ►“If the book succeeds in awakening in you the consciousness of our past which has
    been obliterated from memory and in rectifying what has been falsified and
    calumniated, I shall not have labored in vain, and on such basis, little though it
    may be, we can all devote ourselves to studying the future”.

    3 Main Propositions in Rizal's New Edition of Morga's Sucesos


    ► The people of the Philippines had a culture on their own, before the coming of
    the Spaniards.
    ► Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited and ruined by the Spanish
    colonization.
    ► The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior to its past.

    RIZAL'S ANNOTATION
    ► In his historical essay, which includes the narration of Philippine colonial
    history, punctuated as it was with incidences of agony, tensions, tragedies and
    prolonged periods of suffering that many of people had been subjected to. He
    correctly observed that as a colony of Spain, "The Philippines was depopulated,
    impoverished and retarded, astounded by metaphors, with no confidence in her past,
    still without faith in her present and without faltering hope
    in the future."

    ► He went to say: "... little by little, they (Filipinos) lost their old
    traditions, the mementoes of their past; they gave up their writing, their songs,
    their poems, their laws, in order to learn other doctrines which they did not
    understand, another morality, another aesthetics, different from those inspired by
    their climate and their manner of thinking. They declined, degrading themselves
    in their own eyes. They become ashamed of what was their own; they began to
    admire and praise whatever was foreign and incomprehensible; their spirit was
    damaged and it surrendered."
    Rizal's annotation of Morga's Sucesos
    ►To the Filipinos: "In my "NOLI ME TANGERE" I commenced to sketch the present
    conditions obtaining in our country. The effect produced by my efforts gave me to
    understand - before proceeding to develop before your eyes other successive
    scenes - that is necessary to first lay bare the past, in order the better to
    judge the present and to survey the road trodden during three centuries. "

    ►Like almost all of you, I was born and brought up in ignorance of our country's
    past and so, without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor
    have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious
    Spaniard who in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the
    Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last
    days.

    ►The "SUCESOS" as annotated by Rizal, appeared for the first time in the
    Philippines sixty eight years later when a publisher in Manila, published the new
    work in 1958, to contribute his bit to the national effort to honor Rizal. The
    present work is the sixth volume of the Series of Writings of Jose Rizal which the
    Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission has no published in commemoration of
    his birth.

    ►"To foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary to open the books that
    tell of her past"
    -Jose Rizal

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