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    Hardening of Portland Cement

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    20AUCH18 Macdelin Belsiya
    The document discusses the hardening process of Portland cement, including setting, hardening, heat evolution, and the reactions involved. Setting is the initial stiffening due to gel formation, while hardening develops strength through crystallization over time. The hydration of cement compounds like tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate, and dicalcium silicate cause heat evolution and contribute to setting and hardening.

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    Hardening of Portland Cement

    Uploaded by

    20AUCH18 Macdelin Belsiya
    15 views20 pages
    The document discusses the hardening process of Portland cement, including setting, hardening, heat evolution, and the reactions involved. Setting is the initial stiffening due to gel formation, while hardening develops strength through crystallization over time. The hydration of cement compounds like tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate, and dicalcium silicate cause heat evolution and contribute to setting and hardening.

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    The document discusses the hardening process of Portland cement, including setting, hardening, heat evolution, and the reactions involved. Setting is the initial stiffening due to gel formation, while hardening develops strength through crystallization over time. The hydration of cement compounds like tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate, and dicalcium silicate cause heat evolution and contribute to setting and hardening.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views20 pages

    Hardening of Portland Cement

    Uploaded by

    20AUCH18 Macdelin Belsiya
    The document discusses the hardening process of Portland cement, including setting, hardening, heat evolution, and the reactions involved. Setting is the initial stiffening due to gel formation, while hardening develops strength through crystallization over time. The hydration of cement compounds like tricalcium aluminate, tricalcium silicate, and dicalcium silicate cause heat evolution and contribute to setting and hardening.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    HARDENING OF PORTLAND CEMENT

    AND
    HEAT OF HYDRATION
    By:
    M.MuthuKavitha
    I M.Sc Chemistry
    Hardening of Portland Cement :
    ◦Cement when mixed with water forms a plastic
    mass called Cement paste.
    ◦During Hydration reactions , gel and crystalline
    products are formed.
    ◦The inter-locking of the crystals binds the inert
    particles of the aggregates into a compact rock
    like material.
    ◦This process of solidification comprises of:
    1. Setting
    2. Hardening
    Setting is defined as stiffening of the original plastic
    mass due to initial gel formation.
    Hardening is development of strength, due to
    crystallization.
    ◦Due to the gradual progress of crystallization
    in the interior mass of cement, Hardening
    starts after setting.

    ◦ The strength developed by cement paste at


    any time depends upon the amount of gel
    formed and the extent of Crystallization.
    ◦The setting and hardening of cement is due
    to the formation of interlocking crystals
    reinforced by rigid gels formed by hydration
    and hydrolysis of the constitutional
    compounds.
    o Reactions involved in setting and Hardening of
    Cement:
    Initial setting of cement is mainly due to the
    hydration of tricalcium aluminate because it’s reaction
    is complete within 7 days.

    3 CaO.Al2 O3 + 6 H2 O 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 .6H 2 O +


    880KJ/Kg
    ◦ 4CaO.Al 2O 3 .Fe 2O 3 +7H 2 O 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 .6H 2O +
    CaO.Fe 2O3 .6H2O +420KJ/Kg
    Dicalcium silicate undergoes hydrolysis and forms
    tobermonite gel which has high surface area and very
    high adhesive property. Hence it contributes to Initial
    setting.
    2(2 CaO.SiO 2 ) +4H 2 O 3CaO.SiO 2 .6H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 +
    250 KJ/Kg
    ◦Final setting and Hardening of Cement is mainly
    due to the formation of tobermonite gel and
    crystallization of calcium hydroxide and hydrated
    tricalcium aluminate 3CaO.Al 2 O 3 . 6H 2 O .
    Heat of Hydration of cement :
    ◦ Hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction
    so there is a rise in temperature.
    ◦The heat is evolved during the first 7 days of
    hardening. The compounds responsible for the
    evolution of heat are tricalciumaluminate,tricalcium
    silicate, tetracalcium alumino ferrite and dicalcium
    silicate in the descending order.
    HEAT OF HYDRATION OF BOGUE COMPOUNDS

    BOGUE COMPOUNDS HEAT OF HYDRATION


    (KJ/Kg)
    C3A 880

    C3S 500

    C4AS 420

    C2S 250
    ◦The heat evolved is used in the setting of cement.
    ◦The process of setting or hardening is partly
    chemical and physical changes.
    ◦The chemical changes involves hydrolysis of
    various constituents with accompanying heat
    changes.
    ◦Physical change is the gel formation followed
    by separation of crystalline products.
    ◦By the hydration of cement the following two
    steps of reaction takes place
    1. Hydrolysis:
    When water is added to cement, hydrolysis of
    Calcium silicate takes place. Calcium silicate
    decomposes into Calcium silicate of lower basicity
    and produces Calcium oxide which also forms
    Calcium hydroxide with water.
    2. Hydration:
    Silicate and aluminates take up water of hydration
    In fact, in addition to hydrolysis, tricalcium
    Silicate undergoes hydration and the two process
    are collectively responsible for the setting of cement
    in early stages.
    ◦Dicalcium aluminate undergoes hydration in
    the following manner :
    ◦Other hydration reactions
    4 CaO.Al 2O 3 .Fe 2O 3 3 CaO. Al 2O 3 .6H2 O
    + CaO.Fe 2O3

    The various hydrated compounds now undergo stage


    wise crystallization to form a mass of interlaced
    crystals accounted for the hardening of cement.
    THANK YOU

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