Coloured: F (X) X - y X-X Y+
Coloured: F (X) X - y X-X Y+
Coloured: F (X) X - y X-X Y+
H G
a x b = c f ( x ) = x -
y = x - E
F
D C
x = y +
o
A
B
35
MATHEMATICS
(With Objective Type Question Bank)
A Book With a Difference
Based on New NCERT Textbook and CBSE Guidelines
CLASS X
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(iii)
CONTENTS
Preface (iii)
Syllabus (xi)
Chapters Pages
(iv)
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 48
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 52
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 54
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 57
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 58
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 60
• Exercises (with Answers) 61
3. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES ................................................. 63–123
Section – I
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 Graphical Method of Solution of a Pair of Linear Equations 64
NCERT Exercise 3.1 (Solved) 68
3.3 Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear Equations 84
3.3.1 Substitution Method 84
NCERT Exercise 3.2 (Solved) 85
3.3.2 Elimination Method 93
NCERT Exercise 3.3 (Solved) 95
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 105
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 111
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 112
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 116
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 118
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 119
• Exercises (with Answers) 121
4. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS .................................................................................................... 124–171
Section – I
4.1 Introduction 124
4.2 Quadratic Equations 125
NCERT Exercise 4.1 (Solved) 125
4.3 Solution of a Quadratic Equation by Factorisation 130
NCERT Exercise 4.2 (Solved) 130
4.4 Nature of Roots 140
NCERT Exercise 4.3 (Solved) 141
vi GOLDEN MATHEMATICS—X
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 145
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 150
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 151
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 153
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 156
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 162
• Exercises (with Answers) 169
5. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS ........................................................................................ 172–239
Section – I
5.1 Introduction 172
5.2 Arithmetic Progressions 172
NCERT Exercise 5.1 (Solved) 174
5.3 n Term of an AP
th
181
NCERT Exercise 5.2 (Solved) 182
5.4 Sum of First n Terms of an AP 195
NCERT Exercise 5.3 (Solved) 196
NCERT Exercise 5.4 Optional (Solved) 214
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 218
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 223
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 225
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 228
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 229
• Short Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 235
• Exercises (with Answers) 237
6. TRIANGLES .......................................................................................................................... 240–298
Section – I
6.1 Introduction 240
6.2 Similar Figures 241
NCERT Exercise 6.1 (Solved) 242
6.3 Similarity of Triangles 243
NCERT Exercise 6.2 (Solved) 247
6.4 Criteria for Similarity of Triangles 255
NCERT Exercise 6.3 (Solved) 258
CONTENTS vii
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 272
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 278
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 280
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 285
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 286
• Short Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 291
• Exercises (with Answers) 295
7. COORDINATE GEOMETRY .............................................................................................. 299–344
Section – I
7.1 Introduction 299
7.2 Distance Formula 300
NCERT Exercise 7.1 (Solved) 304
7.3 Section Formula 313
NCERT Exercise 7.2 (Solved) 314
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 325
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 330
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 334
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 336
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 338
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 341
• Exercises (with Answers) 342
8. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY ......................................................................... 345–415
Section – I
8.1 Introduction 345
8.2 Trigonometric Ratios 345
NCERT Exercise 8.1 (Solved) 348
8.3 Trigonometric Ratios of Some Specific Angles 357
NCERT Exercise 8.2 (Solved) 361
8.4 Trigonometric Identities 366
NCERT Exercise 8.3 (Solved) 369
viii GOLDEN MATHEMATICS—X
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 380
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 387
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 388
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 390
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 392
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 398
• Exercises (with Answers) 410
9. SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY ............................................................. 416–462
Section – I
9.1 Heights and Distances 416
NCERT Exercise 9.1 (Solved) 418
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 435
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 444
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 446
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 450
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 453
10. CIRCLES ............................................................................................................................... 463–524
Section – I
10.1 Introduction 463
10.2 Tangent to a Circle 464
NCERT Exercise 10.1 (Solved) 467
10.3 Number of Tangents from a Point on a Circle 468
NCERT Exercise 10.2 (Solved) 470
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 485
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 496
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 498
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 504
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 511
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 515
• Exercises (with Answers) 520
CONTENTS ix
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 540
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 542
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 543
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 544
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 545
• Exercises (with Answers) 546
12. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES .................................................................................. 548–603
Section – I
12.1 Introduction 548
12.2 Surface Area of a Combination of Solids 554
m NCERT Exercise 12.1 (Solved) 555
12.3 Volume of a Combination of Solids 567
m NCERT Exercise 12.2 (Solved) 567
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 582
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 585
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 587
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 591
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 592
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 596
• Exercises (with Answers) 601
13. STATISTICS .......................................................................................................................... 604–693
Section – I
13.1 Introduction 604
13.2 Mean of Grouped Data 604
m NCERT Exercise 13.1 (Solved) 609
13.3 Mode of Grouped Data 623
m NCERT Exercise 13.2 (Solved) 624
13.4 Median of Grouped Data 636
m NCERT Exercise 13.3 (Solved) 638
x GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 653
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 659
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 661
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 663
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 668
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 678
• Exercises (with Answers) 689
14. PROBABILITY ....................................................................................................................... 694–741
Section – I
14.1 Probability—A Theoretical Approach 694
m NCERT Exercise 14.1 (Solved) 697
Section – II
• Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark) 723
• Case Based Questions (1 Mark) 726
• Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) 727
• Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks) 729
• Short Answer Type Questions (3 Marks) 730
• Long Answer Type Questions (4 Marks) 734
• Exercises (with Answers) 737
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1100 550.00
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SYLLABUS
COURSE STRUCTURE
MATHEMATICS (CLASS–X)
TOTAL 80
UNIT II : ALGEBRA
1. Polynomials (8 Periods)
Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials.
2. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables (15 Periods)
Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution,
consistency/inconsistency.
Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two
variables algebraically—by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems.
* Issued by CBSE.
(xi)
UNIT IV : GEOMETRY
1. Triangles (15 Periods)
Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.
1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides
in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to
the third side.
3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding
sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their correspond-
ing angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides
including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.
2. Circles (10 Periods)
Tangent to a circle at point of contact.
1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.
2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
UNIT V : TRIGONOMETRY
1. Introduction to Trigonometry (10 Periods)
Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence;
motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0° and 90°. Values of the trigonometric ratios
of 30°, 45° and 60°. Relationships between the ratios.
2. Trigonometric Identities (15 Periods)
Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2 A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.
SYLLABUS xiii
UNIT VI : MENSURATION
1. Areas Related to Circles (12 Periods)
Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter/circumference
of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should
be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° & 120° only.
2. Surface Areas and Volumes (12 Periods)
Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids,
spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.
SECTION I
Watch me on
2 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
p
A number of the form , where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0 is called a
q
rational number. Their system is denoted by Q.
For example
2 −3 3 −2 8 1 0
, , , , = , 0= ,
3 4 −5 −7 16 2 1
4 −3
4= ; 3=
1 1
In fact every integer of collection Z is also a rational number.
A number which is not a rational number is called an irrational number. Their
system is denoted by Q . For example: 2, 5, 8 , ... are irrational numbers.
REAL NUMBERS 3
The collection of all the rational numbers and all the irrational numbers
forms the system of real numbers. It is denoted by R.
IMPORTANT POINTS/FORMULAE
1. Prime Factorisation: The process of 8190
writing a composite number as a product
of primes is known as the prime 2 4095
factorisation.
3 1365
It is always simpler to represent this
prime factorisation of a composite number 3 455
in the form of a tree called factor tree as
shown aside: 5 91
Here, 8190 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 13 7 13
2. HCF: The HCF of two positive integers is defined as the product of the
smallest power of each common prime factor involved in the numbers.
4 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
3. LCM: The LCM of two positive integers is defined as the product of the greatest
power of each prime factor, common or not common, involved in the numbers.
4. If a and b are any two positive integers, then
HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
We can use this result to find either of two positive integers, if we already
know one of them and their HCF and LCM as shown below.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
[NCERT Exercise 1.1]
(Pages 56)
Example 1. Express each number as a (iii) 3825
product of its prime factors:
(i) 140 (ii) 156 3825
(iii) 3825 (iv) 5005
3 1275
(v) 7429.
Sol. (i) 140
3 425
140
5 85
2 70
5 17
2 35
So, 3825 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 17
5 7
= 32 × 52 × 17
So, 140 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 = 22 × 5 × 7
(iv) 5005
(ii) 156
156 5005
2 78 5 1001
2 39 7 143
3 13 11 13
17 437
∴ HCF = 131 = 13
Verification:
19 23
LCM × HCF = 182 × 13 = 2366
So, 7429 = 17 × 19 × 23. and 26 × 91 = 2366
Example 2. Find the LCM and HCF of i.e., LCM × HCF = Product of two numbers.
the following pairs of integers and verify that
LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers. (ii) 510 and 92
26 5 17
So, 510 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 17
2 13
92
So, 26 = 2 × 13
91 2 46
7 13 2 23
So, 91 = 7 × 13 So, 92 = 2 × 2 × 23 = 22 × 23
To find the L.C.M.; we list all prime
For LCM of 510 and 92
factors of 26 and 91 and their greatest exponents
as follows: Prime factors Greatest
of 510 and 92 Exponent
Prime factors Greatest
of 26 and 91 exponent 2 2
2 1 3 1
13 1 5 1
7 1 17 1
1 1 1 23 1
∴ L.C.M = 2 × 13 × 7
= 2 × 13 × 7 LCM = 22 × 31 × 51 × 171 × 231
= 26 × 7 = 182 = 4 × 3 × 5 × 17 × 23
To find the H.C.F., we list the common = 60 × 17 × 23
prime factors of 26 and 91 and their least
= 1020 × 23 = 23460
exponent
336
LCM × HCF = 3024 × 6 = 18144
and 336 × 54 = 18144
2 168 i.e., LCM × HCF = Product of two numbers.
2 3
2 27
So, 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3
3 9
15
3 3
3 5
So, 54 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
So, 15 = 3 × 5
= 2 × 33
For LCM of 336 and 54 21
Therefore, So, 9 = 3 × 3 = 32
For LCM of 12, 15, 21 25
2 2 So, 25 = 5 × 5 = 52
3 1
5 1
For LCM of 8, 9 and 25
7 1 Prime factors Greatest
of 8, 9 and 25 Exponent
∴ LCM = 22 × 31 × 51 × 71 2 3
= 4 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 12 × 5 × 7 3 2
= 60 × 7 = 420 5 2
For HCF of 12, 15, 21 ∴ LCM (8, 9, 25) = 23 × 32 × 52
Common prime Least
= 8 × 9 × 25
factors of 12, 15, 21 Exponent
= 72 × 25 = 1800
3 1
HCF = 31 = 3 For HCF of 8, 9 and 25
HCF (8, 9, 25) = 1
(ii) 17, 23 and 29
(Q There is no common factor in prime
17 = 17
factorisation of 8, 9 and 25)
23 = 23
29 = 29 Example 4. Given that HCF (306, 657)
Therefore, = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
HCF (17, 23, 29) = 1 a×b
(Q 17, 23, 29 have no common Sol. LCM (306, 657) =
prime factor)
HCF of a and b
LCM (17, 23, 29) 306 × 657
=
= 171 × 231 × 291 HCF (306, 657)
= 17 × 23 × 29
306 × 657
= 391 × 29 = = 34 × 657 = 22338.
9
= 11339
Example 5. Check whether 6n can end
(iii) 8, 9 and 25 with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
[CBSE 2014, 2016]
8
Sol. If the number 6n, for any natural
2 4 number n, ends with digit 0, then it would be
divisible by 5.
2 2 That is, the prime factorisation of 6n
would contain the prime factor 5.
So, 8 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 23 This is not possible because
6n = (2 × 3)n = 2n × 3n ;
9
so the only primes in the factorisation of 6n
are 2 and 3
3 3
8 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
and the uniqueness of the Fundamental 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they both
Theorem of Arithmetic guarantees that there start at the same point and at the same time,
are no other primes in the factorisation of 6n. and go in the same direction. After how many
So, there is no natural number n for minutes will they meet again at the starting
which 6n ends with the digit zero. point?
Example 6. Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13
Sol. Required number of minutes is the
and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite
LCM of 18 and 12.
numbers. [CBSE 2014, 2016]
18 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 3 2
Sol. (i) 7 × 11 × 13 + 13
18
= 77 × 13 + 13
= (77 + 1) × 13 2 9
= 78 × 13 3 3
= (2 × 3 × 13) × 13
12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3
Q By factor tree given below
78 = 2 × 3 × 13 12
= 2 × 3 × 13 2
2 6
78
2 3
272
3
2 136
7 161
2 68
7
2 34
[CBSE 2012]
2 17
Sol. The complete factor tree is as
follows: ∴ 272 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 17
6762 = 24 × 17
2 3381
∴ For HCF of 420 and 272
Common prime Least
3 1127 factor exponent
2 2
7 161
∴ HCF (420, 272) = 22 =4
7 23
10 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
Sol. 65 = 5 × 13
2 12
117 = 3 × 3 × 13 = 32 × 13
2 6
∴ HCF (65, 117) = 131 = 13
A.T.Q. HCF = 65m 117 2 3
∴ 65m 117 = 13 ∴ 96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
⇒ 65m = 13 + 117 = 25 × 3
⇒ 65m = 130 For HCF of 404 and 96
Common prime factor of Least
130
⇒ m= =2 404 and 96 Exponent
65 2 2
Also, LCM = 32 × 5 × 13 ∴ HCF (404, 96) = 22 = 4
= 9 × 5 × 13 For LCM of 404 and 96
= 45 × 13 Prime factors of Greatest
404 and 96 Exponent
= 585
2 5
Aliter 3 1
101 1
65 × 117
LCM (65, 117) = ∴ LCM (404, 96)
HCF (65, 117)
= 25 × 3 × 101 = 32 × 3 × 101
65 × 117 = 96 × 101 = 9696
= = 585
13 Now, HCF × LCM = 4 × 9696
= 38784 ...(1)
Example 12. Find the HCF and LCM
and, product of the two given numbers
of 404 and 96 and verify HCF × LCM = Product
= 404 × 96
of the two given numbers. [CBSE 2012, 2018]
= 38784 ...(2)
Sol. From (1) and (2),
HCF × LCM = Product of the two
404 given numbers
Since, 17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5 can be 40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 23 × 5
expressed as a product of primes, therefore, it is 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 22 × 3 × 5
a composite number.
∴ LCM (40, 60) = 23 × 3 × 5
Example 14. In a school, the duration
= 8 × 3 × 5 = 120
of a period in junior section is 40 minutes and
in senior section is 1 hour. If the first bell for 120 minutes = 2 hours
each section ring at 9:00 a.m., when will the Hence, the two bells will ring together
two bells ring together again? [CBSE 2012] again at 9:00 + 2:00 = 11:00 a.m.
Sol. 1 hour = 60 minutes (see remark on page 8)
7. Find the HCF and LCM of 510 and 92. 14. Consider the number 4n, where n is a
And verify that HCF × LCM = Product natural number. Check whether there is
of two given numbers. [CBSE 2012] any value of n ∈ N for which 4n ends with
8. Find the HCF and LCM of 6, 72 and 120, the digit zero.
using the prime factorisation method. Or
9. Find the HCF and LCM of 40, 36 and Show that the number 4n, when n is a
126 using prime factorisation method. natural number, cannot end with the
[CBSE 2012] digit zero for any natural number n.
[CBSE 2012]
12 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
Answers
1. 23 × 5 × 53 2. 153 9. 2,2520 10. 12, 1440
3. 435 4. 60, 2 12. 3 hours 13. 420 seconds
5. 1440 6. 3, 2808 14. No
7. 2, 23460 8. 6, 360
2
For example: 2, 3, 12, π, , etc.
3
3. Let p be a prime number. Let p divide a2. Then, p divides a also, where a is
a positive integer.
4. Sum (or difference) of a rational number and an irrational number is an
irrational number.
5. Product (or quotient) of a non-zero rational and an irrational number is an
irrational number.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
[NCERT Exercise 1.2]
(Page 9)
SECTION II
PRACTICE MORE
(From Latest CBSE Examination Papers)
Hints/Solutions
A. Introduction
4
1. (a) 3 × 3 + 1 = 10 8. (b) 84 3
B. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic 21
1. (b) Least prime number = 2 7
Least composite number = 4
∴ x = 21, y = 84
2. (d) 4 and 19 are coprime integers.
9. (b) We know that HCF must be a factor of
3. (a) HCF (a, b) = b |Q b is a factor of a
LCM and here 500 is not a factor of 1200.
4. (c) By definition of co-primes
10. (b) 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = (7 × 11 + 1) 13
Def: Twin Primes
= 78 × 13
A pair of prime numbers is said to be twin
primes if they differ by 2. = 6 × 13 × 13
{For example (3, 5), (11, 13), ...} 11. (b) 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3
Def: Perfect Number 42 = 2 × 3 × 7
A natural number is said to be a perfect ∴ LCM (12, 42) = 22 × 3 × 7 = 84
number if it is equal to sum of its factors ⇒ 10m + 4 = 84
other than itself. ⇒ 10m = 84 4 = 80
For example 6 and 28 are perfect num- 80
bers as 6 = 1 + 2 + 3 ⇒ m= =8
10
and 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14.
12. (b) (1)8n = 1 | Q 8n is even
5. (b) Product of a and b and n
(1) = 1
= HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) when n is any odd natural number
= 5 × 200 = 1000 so that ( 1)n + ( 1)8n = 0
6. (c) HCF (a, b) = x3y2 13. (b)
7. (c) 98 = 2 × 7 × 7 = 2 × 72
18 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
14. (b) 12 22
15. (b) n = 23 × 34 × 54 × 7 rational number. So, π − is an
7
= 23 × 5 4 × 3 4 × 7 irrational number as the difference of an
= 23 × 53 × 5 × 34 × 7 irrational number and a rational number
is an irrational number.
= (2 × 5)3 × 5 × 34 × 7
= 5 × 34 × 7 × (10)3 2. (d) Take two irrational numbers
∴ Number of consecutive zeros in n is 3 and − 3 .
3 because of 103.
Their product = ( 3) × ( − 3) = 3,
16. (b) Q 196 = 22 × 72
which is a rational number
∴ Sum of exponents = 2 + 2 Take two irrational numbers
= 4.
2 and 3.
17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (d)
Their product = ( 2) × ( 3) = 6 ,
21. (b) 22. (b)
which is an irrational number.
C. Revisiting Irrational Numbers 3. (c) Irrational, because, the quotient of a
non-zero rational number and an
22 irrational number is irrational.
1. (a) π is an irrational number and is a
7 4. (d)
2. To enhance the reading skills of Grade X (iii) How many groups will be formed in (ii)
students, the school nominates you and above ?
two of your friends to set up a class (a) 8 (b) 9
library. There are two sections Section
(c) 18 (d) 17
A and Section B of Grade X. There are
32 students in Section A and 36 students (iv) The total number of students in the two
in Section B. sections can be expressed as a product of
its primes as
(i) What is the minimum number of books
you will acquire for the class library, so (a) 2 × 172 (b) 2 × 3 × 17
that they can be distributed equally among (c) 22 × 17 (d) None of these
students of Section A or Section B ? (v) If one more student is included in Section
(a) 144 (b) 128 (c) 272 (d) 288 B, then the new number of students is a
(ii) For a library project, students are to (a) prime number
grouped equally. Group size in both (b) composite number
sections must be same. What is the largest
(c) neither prime nor composite
size of such a group ?
(a) 2 students (b) 4 students (d) none of the above.
ANSWERS
Solutions
1. Complete the following factor tree and 5. Find the HCF of the numbers given
find the composite number x. below:
x k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, where k is any
positive integer. (CBSE 2014)
2 y
6. Find the least positive integer which on
being diminished by 5 is exactly divisible
3 1855 by 36 and 54. (CBSE 2014)
Solutions
1. 7 × z = 371
⇒ x = 2 × 5565
371 ⇒ x = 11130
⇒ z= = 53
7
Hence, the completed factor tree is as
y= 3 × 1855
follows:
⇒ y= 5565
x= 2×y
22 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
x 5 = 108. 9. 11 × 7 × 5 × 3 + 3
⇒ x = 108 + 5 = 113. = 385 × 3 + 3
= (385 + 1) × 3
7. 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 23 × 3
= 386 × 3
15 = 3 × 5
= 2 × 193 × 3
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 22 × 32
= 2 × 3 × 193
For LCM of 24, 15 and 36
Since 11 × 7 × 5 × 3 + 3 can be expressed
Prime factors Greatest as a product of primes, therefore it is a
of 24, 15, and 36 Exponent composite number.
2 3
10. n = 23 × 34 × 7 × (15)5
3 2
= 23 × 34 × 7 × (3 × 5)5
5 1
= 23 × 34 × 7 × 35 × 55
∴ LCM (24, 15, 36) = 23 × 32 × 5 = 23 × 3 4 × 3 5 × 5 5 × 7
= 8 × 9 × 5 = 72 × 5 = 23 × 34+5 × 55 × 7
= 360 = 23 × 3 9 × 5 5 × 7
Now, greatest number of 6 digits = 23 × 5 3 × 5 2 × 3 9 × 7
= 999999 = (2 × 5)3 × 52 × 39 × 7
Let us divide 999999 by the above LCM = (10)3 × 52 × 39 × 7
360 = 1000 × 52 × 39 × 7
2777 ∴ Number of consecutive zeros in
360 999999 natural number n = 3.
720 11. 231 = 3 × 7 × 11
2799 546 = 2 × 3 × 7 × 13
2520 ∴ HCF (231, 546) = 31 × 71
2799 = 3 × 7 = 21 ≠ 1
2520 ∴ 231 and 546 are not co-prime.
2799 HCF × LCM
2520 12. Other number =
One number
279
27 × 162
∴ The required greatest number of = = 81
54
6 digits
= 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 7 9 = 9 9 9 7 2 0. 13. If the number 14 n, for any natural
number n, ends with digit zero, then it
8. 70 5 = 65 would be divisible by 5.
125 8 = 117 That is, the prime factorisation of 14n
65 = 5 × 13 would contain the prime 5.
117 = 3 × 3 × 13 = 32 × 13 Now, we have
∴ HCF (65, 117) = 131 = 13 14n = (2 × 7)n = 2n × 7n
∴ Required largest number = 13
⇒ The only prime factors in the prime
factorization of 14n are 2 and 7.
24 GOLDEN MATHEMATICSX
Solutions
Solutions
1. 990 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 11 3. 48 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24 × 3
= 2 × 32 × 5 × 11 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 22 × 3 × 5
945 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 33 × 5 × 7 132 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 11 = 22 × 3 × 11
∴ HCF (990, 945) = 32 × 51 = 9 × 5 = 45 ∴ HCF (48, 60, 132) = 22 × 31 = 4 × 3 = 12
Hence, the required number of fruits ∴ Minimum number of rooms required
is 45. 48 60 132
= + +
2. The number of pieces he should put in 12 12 12
each box so that the number of boxes are = 4 + 5 + 11 = 20
the least is equal to the HCF of 396 and
The value depicted here in sharing of
342.
rooms is the adjustment and compromise
396 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 11 = 22 × 32 × 11 with one another so that they may be
342 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 19 = 2 × 32 × 19 seated in the minimum number of rooms
∴ HCF (396, 342) = 2 × 32 = 2 × 9 = 18 such that the players of the same sport
Therefore, number of pieces he should may be alloted the same room.
put in each box is 18.
2 2
⇒ (n 1) is divisible by their LCM
= 3 × 4 = 12. |Q HCF (3, 4) = 1
12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 ×3 ∴ n 1 = 48
(Q 48 is the only number in list
12
(1) which is divisible by 12)
2 6 ⇒ n = 49
Hence, there are 49 eggs in the basket.
2 3
REAL NUMBERS 27
EXERCISES
ANSWERS
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