Course Outline

A. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS

1. Labor defined
2. Labor Law defined
3. Taxonomy of Labor Laws
a. Protective Legislations:
b. Welfare and Social Legislations:
c. Diplomatic Legislations:
d. Administrative Legislations:
e. Labor Standards Legislations:
f. Labor Relations Legislations:

4. Brief History of Philippine Labor Laws

5. Purpose/ Importance of Labor Laws:
6. Sources of Labor Laws
7. Constitutional and Statutory Bases of Labor Laws
8. Limitations on the Enactment of Labor Legislations
9. Constitutional Rights of Workers (Sec. 3. Art. XIII of the 1987 PC)

CASES:

1. SMC v. NLRC G.R No. 117055, March 29, 1996:

2. Aquino v. SSS, G.R No. 149265, July 21, 2006:
3. Catotocan v. Lourdes Scholl of Quezon City, et. Al, G.R No. 213486
April 26, 2017:
4. Zambrano, et. Al. v. Phil. Carpet Manufacturing Corp. et. Al G.R No.
224099, June 21, 2017:
5. BDO Unibank Inc. v. Nerbes et. Al. G.R No. 208735, July 19, 2017:
6. Coseteng, et. Al. v. Perez G.R No. 185938, September 6, 2017:
7. Maula v. Xemex Delivery Express Inc. G.R No. 207838, January 25,
2017:
8. Montinola v. Philippine Airlines G.R No. 198656 September 8, 2014:

B. THE LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (P.D 442 as amended)

1. Basic Reforms and Features of the Labor Code:
2. Declaration of Basic Policy

a. Promotion at Full Employment:

b. Protection to Labor:
c. Extent and Limits of Protection:
d. Constitutional Rights of Workers:
e. Management Prerogatives/ Rights
f. Discrimination as to Sex, Race or Creed
g. R.A. 10911 (Anti-age Discrimination Act)

CASES:

1. Jenny F. Peckson v. Robinsons Supermarket Corp. et. Al. G.R No.

198534 July 3, 2013
2. Cheryll Santos Leus v. SSCW. Et. Al. G.R No. 187226. January 28,
2015
3. Sta. Ana v. Manila Jockey Club. Inc. G.R. No. 208459, February 15,
2017:
4. Lagahit v. Pacific Concord Container Lines, G.R No. 177680, January
13, 2016

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 5. Borja et. Al . v. Minoza, et. Al G.R No. 218384, July 3, 2017
6. Sterling Paper Products Enterprises Inc. v. KMM- Katipunan, et. Al.
G.R No. 221493, August 2, 2017
7. Sy et. Al v. Neal Inc. et. Al., G.R No. 213748, November 27, 2017
8. Padilla v. Airborne Security Services, Inc. G.R No. 210080,
November 17, 2017
9. Heavylift Manila Inc. vs. CA, GR 154410 October 20, 2005
10. Ocampo Jr. vs. International Ship Crew Management Phils. Inc,
G.R.232062, April 26, 2021
11. PAL MARITIME CORPORATION VS. DARWIN D. DALISAY, G.R.
No. 218115, January 27, 2021 & DARWIN D. DALISAY,
PETITIONER, VS. PAL MARITIME CORPORATION, G.R. No.
218170, January 27, 2021
12. Ocampo Jr. vs. International Ship Crew Management Phils.
Inc. Gr.232062, April 26, 2021

3. Construction in Favor of Labor

a. Application of the rule of liberal construction in favor of labor:
b. Limitations

CASES:

1. Panaligan et. Al., v. Phyvita Enterprises Corp. G.R No. 202086; June
21, 2017;
2. Continental Micronesia, Inc. v. Basso, G.R Nos. 178382-83
September 23, 2015
3. Eastern Shipping Lines v. POEA, 166 SCRA 523
4. Ledesma v. NLRC, 537 SCRA 358
5. SSS vs. Simacas, G.R. 217866, June 20, 2022

4. Rules and Regulations

a. DOLE
b. NLRC
c. POEA
d. NWPC
e. ECC
f. SSS
g. OWWA
h. Others
i. Rule- making Powers of the DOLE:
j. Regulatory Powers and Visitorial Powers (Recruitment and Placement
Workers)

5. Applicability

a. Employer – Employee Relationship; the jurisdictional foundation:

b. Test of Employer – Employee Relationship:
c. Four- fold test ( indicia at determination ) of EM – EM Relationship:
d. Commencement of EM – EM Relationship:
e. Suspension of EM- EM Relationship:
f. Termination of EM-EM Relationship:
g. Applicability and Non – applicability of the Labor Code

CASES:

1. Sunripe Coconut Products v. CIR, 83 Phil, 518;

2. Almirez v. Infinite Loop Technology, 481 SCRA 364

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 3. SSS v. Court of Appeals, 156 SCRA 383
4. Manila Golf and Country Club v. IAC. 237 SCRA 207
5. Orozco v. Court of Appeals, 562 SCRA 36
6. Sonza v. ABS- CBN Broadcasting , 431 SCRA 583
7. Filamer Christian Institute v. IAC, 212 SCRA 637;
8. Lu v. Enopia et. Al. G.R No. 197899, March 6, 2017;
9. Expedition Construction Corp.et Al. v. Africa, G.R No. 228671
December 14, 2017;
10. SUMIFRU ( Phils.) Corp. v. Nagkahiusang Mamumuo sa SUYAPA
FARM, G.R No. 20209 ( 2017)
11. Atok Big Wedge Company v. Gison, G.R No. 169510, August 8, 2011
12. Tiangco vs. ABS CBN, G.R. No. 200434. December 6, 2021

C. Pre- Employment
1.Recruitment and Placement of Workers
a. Statement of Objectives
b. Definition of Terms

CASES:

1. People v. Panis, 142 SCRA 664

2. People v. Jamilosa, 512 SCRA 340
3. Darvin v. Court of Appeals, 292 SCRA 534

c. Employment Promotions
d. Public Employment Offices; Placement Procedures;
e. Philippine Overseas Administration (POEA)E.O No. 797
1. Composition
2. Powers and Functions
3. Quasi – Judicial Powers
• Disciplinary Actions
• Pre – employment cases
• Prescriptive Periods
• Recruitment and Placement of the POEA

f. Ban on Direct – hiring

• Philosophy of the ban on direct- hiring
• Name hire defined (Rule 11, 14 Part 1, rules Governing the
Recruitment & Employment of Landbased Overseas
Workers 2002)
• Purpose of the ban
• Exceptions to the ban

g. Mandatory Remittance of Foreign Earnings

• Mandatory Remittance defined;
• Mandatory Obligation to Remit;
• Purpose;
• Exceptions to Mandatory Remittance;
• Amount of Remittance;
• Proof of Remittance;
• Failure to remit, Penalty
2. Regulation of Recruitment and Placement Activities

a. Private Sector Participation in the Recruitment and Placement of

Workers

• Purpose; Partnership

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 • Private Sector; (a) Private Employment agency, (b) Private
Recruitment Entity; (c) Shipping or Managing Agency; and
(d)Such other persons or entities as may be authorized by
the secretary of Labor and Employment
• Securing a license; Requirement for Licensing
• Escrow agreement and Bonds; Garnishment
• Renewal of License; Denial Renewal
• Worker’s Deployment
• Mandatory Benefits;
• Monetary Claims of Migrant Workers (Sec. 10. RA 8042)
Case
CASE: Serrano vs. Gallant Maritime Services Inc.
Doctrine G.R No. 167614, March 24, 2009

• Fees to be paid by workers, prohibition on charging fees.

b. Travel agencies Prohibited to Recruit;
c. Citizenship Requirement
d. Non- transferability of license or authority
e. Prohibited Practices;
f. Suspension and / or Cancellation of license or authority;
• Grounds for suspension and / or cancellation
• Grounds for revocation
CASE: Eastern Assurance & Surety Corp. vs. Sec. of
Labor, GR. 79436-50

3. Illegal Recruitment

a. Illegal Recruitment defined; doctrine of imputed knowledge

b. License / Non – license; holder/ non – holder of authority;
c. Republic Act. No. 8042, as amended;
d. Types of illegal Recruitment – Simple IR:IR involving economic
sabotage;
e. Penalty
f. Venue
g. Prescriptive Periods

CASES:

1. People v. Buhain, G.R No. 195666, January 20, 2016;

2. Ritualo v. People , G.R No. 178337; June 25, 2009;
3. People v. Dela Cruz G.R No. 214500; June 28, 2017;
4. People v. Delos Reyes G.R No. 198795; June 7, 2017;
5. People v. Ocden, G.R No. 173198; June 1, 2011
6. Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. v. Cabiles, G.R No.
170139 August 5, 2014

h. Regulatory and Visitorial Powers of the Secretary of labor:

Eastern Assurance V. Secretary of Labor, 181 SCRA 110;

D. EMPLOYMENT OF NON- RESIDENT ALIENS

a. Purpose of requiring alien’s employment permit;

b. Persons required to secure employment permit;
c. Person exempted;
d. Validity of Alien Employment Permit;
e. Renewal of Alien Employment Permit;
f. Suspension of Alien Employment Permit;
g. Cancellation of Alien Employment Permit;

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 h. Remedies in case of suspension, cancellation or revocation of AEP
Penalties;
i. Penalties
j. Permanent Resident Alien;
k. Prohibition against transfer of employment;

CASES:

1. McBurnie v. Ganzon, G.R No. 178034, October 17, 2013;

2. Pacific Consultants International Asia Inc. v. Schonfeld, G.R No.
166920, February 19, 2017.
3. Dreamland Hotel Resorts, et. Al v. Stephen Johnson, G. R 191455,
March 12, 2014;

E. HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

a. TESDA, RA No. 7796

• Statement of Goals and Objectives:

• Composition and Appointment of the TESDA Board:
• Powers and Functions of the TESDA Board:
• Devolution of TESDA’S function to LGUs
• Rule- making power of the TESDA

b. Training and Employment of Special Workers

1. Apprentice
2. Learners:
3. Handicapped Workers: Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (RA
No. 7222)

CASES:

1. Bernardo v. NLRC. 310 SCRA 186:

2. Century Canning Corporation V. Court of Appeals, G.R No. 152894,
August 17, 2017:
3. Almario v. Phil. Airlines, G.R No. 170928, September 11, 2007:

F. WORKING CONDITIONS AND REST PERIODS

a. Coverage
b. Normal Hours of Work
c. Meal Periods
d. Night Shift Differential
e. Overtime Work
f. Under time not offset by overtime
g. Weekly Rest periods
h. Holiday Pay
• Proclamation No. 42 (regular holidays and special non working
days for year 2023)
i. Service Incentive Leave
• Maternity Leave (RA No. 11210);
• Paternity Leave (RA 8187);
• Parental Leave for Solo Parents (RA 8972)
• Leave for Victims of RA 9262;
• Special Leave for Women (RA 9710);
j. Service Charges

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 • RA 11360

CASES:

1. David v. Macasio, G.R No. 195466, July 2, 2014;

2. Bisig Manggagawa sa Tryco, et. Al v. NLRC, G.R No. 151309, October
15, 2008;
3. Pearanda v. Baganga Plywood Corp. G.R No. 159577, May 3, 2006;

4. Royal Plant Workers Union v. Coca- Cola Bottlers Phil. Inc.- Cebu
Plant, G.R No. 198783, April 15, 2013;
5. Far East Agriculture Supply, Inc. v. Lebatique G.R No. 162813,
February 12, 2007
6. Jose Rizal College v. NLRC 156 SCRA 27
7. Makati Haberdashery v. NLRC 179 SCRA 448;
8. JPL Marketing Promotions V. Court of Appeals 463 SCRA 136
9. Rodriguez v. Park N Ride Inc. G.R No. 222980 March 20, 2017;
10.Pigcaulan v. Security and Credit Investigation Inc. G.R No. 173648
January 16, 2012
11.Labor Congress vs. NLRC, Gr.123938, May 21, 1998

G. WAGES

a. Wage defined; twin attributes

b. Wage versus salary; only for purposes of article 1708 of the Civil
code;
c. Facilities as part of wages; requirements for deduction
d. Supplement not part of wages;
e. Bonus; 13th month pay law
f. When is bonus demandable obligation
g. Applicability
h. Minimum Wage Rates; standards for wage rate determination
• Two- methods in determining wages;
• Two- methods of payment
i. Prohibition Against Elimination or Diminution
j. Payment of Wages
• Form of Payment
• Time of Payment
• Place of Payment
• Direct payment of wages
CASES:

1. Cosue v. Ferritz integrated Devt. Corp., G.R No. 230664, July 24,
2017;
2. Ampeloquio v. Jaka Distributor Inc., G.R No. 196936, July 2, 2014;
3. Eastern Telecommunications Phils. Inc. v. Eastern Telecoms
Employees Union G.R No. 185665, February 8, 2012;
4. TSPI v. TSPI Employees Union, G.R No. 163419, February 13, 2008;
5. Central Azuczrera de Tarlac v. Central Azucarera de Tarlac Union –
NLU, G.R No. 188949, July 26, 2010;
6. Wesleyan University Phils. v. Wesleyan University- Philippines
Faculty and Staff Association, G.R No. 181806, March 12, 2014

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 H. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR OR SUB – CONTRACTOR versus LABOR
ONLY CONTRACTOR

a. Purpose of the law;

b. Labor- only – contractor, not permissible
c. Job- contracting permissible
d. Posting of bond
e. Liability for unpaid wages

CASES:

1. Valencia v. Classique Vinyl Products Corp., G.R No. 206390, January

30, 2017:
2. Garden of Memories Park and Life Plan v. NLRC, 681 Phil. 299
(2012);
3. Babas v. Lorenzo Shipping Corp., 653 Phil., 421(2010);
4. Nestle Phil. Inc. v. Puedan Jr., et al. G.R No. 220617 January 30,
2017
5. Bernate v. PBA 673 Phil., 384( 2011)
6. Phil. Airlines Inc. v. NLRC 263 SCRA 638;
7. PCI Automation Center v. NLRC. 252 SCRA 493
8. De Castro et. Al. v. Court of Appeals G.R No. 204261, October 5,
2016;
9. Coca- Cola Bottlers Phils., Inc. v. Agito, et al. G.R No. 179546,
February 13, 2009
10.Alilin et. Al v. Petron Corporation G.R No. 177592, June 9, 2014
11.Cusap v. Adidas Phils., G.R No. 201494, July 29, 2015
12.Petron Corporation v. Caberte et. Al G.R No. 182255, June 15, 2015

I. WORKER’S PREFERENCE IN CASE OF BANKRUPTCY

a. Art. 110 (PD 442) versus Civil Code

b. Inapplicability of Art. 110 in Extrajudicial Proceedings
c. Attorney’s Fees
CASES:

1. PNB v. Cruz 180 SCRA 206

2. DBP v. NLRC, 218 SCRA 183;
3. Republic v. Peralta 150 SCRA37;
4. Barayaga et. Al. v. Assets Privatization Trust, G.R No. 160073,
October 24, 2005
5. ALU v. Court of Appeals G.R no. 156882, October 31, 2008

J. PROHIBITION REGARDING WAGES

a. Principle of tree disposal at wages

b. Wage deduction
c. Deposits for Loss and damage
d. Deduction to Ensure employment
e. Retaliatory Measures
f. False Reporting
CASES:

1. American Wire and Cable Daily Rated Employees Union v. American

Wire and Cable Co., Inc., G.R No. 155059 April 29, 2005;
2. Milan et al. v. NLRC, et al., G.R No. 202961, February 4, 2015;

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 3. Royal Plant Workers Union v. Coca- Cola Bottlers Phil’s., - Cebu Plant.
G.R No. 198783, April 15, 2013;
4. ABS- CBN Supervisors Employees Union v. ABS- CBN Broadcasting
Corporation, 304 SCRA 489
5. Five J Taxi v. NLRC 235 SCRA 556;
6. PLDT v. Estraneto, G.R No. 192518, October 15, 2014

K. WAGES STUDIES, WAGE AGREEMENTS AND WAGE DETERMINATION

a. National Wages and Productivity Commission

• Composition;
• Powers and Functions
• Creation of Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Boards;
Powers and Functions
• Wage order
• Standard /Criteria for Minimum Wages
b. Wage Distortion
c. Freedom to Bargain
d. Prohibition Against Injunction
e. Non – diminution of benefits

CASES:

1. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company Employees Union –

ALU- TUCP v. NLRC, et al. G.R No. 102636, September 10,
1993
2. Bankard Employees Union – Workers Alliance Trade Unions v.
NLRC et. Al G.R No. 140689, February 17, 2004;
3. Supra Multi- Services Inc. et al. v. Labitigan, G.R No. 192297,
August 3, 2016;
4. National Federation of Labor v. NLRC, 234 SCRA 311;

f. Visitorial Enforcement and Adjudicatory Power of the DOLE

L. WORKING CONDITIONS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS OF EMPLOYEES

a. Employment of Women
1. Facilities for Women
2. Maternity Leave
3. Family planning services
4. Discrimination Prohibited
5. Stipulation Against Marriage
6. Prohibited Acts

• Anti – Sexual Harassment Act;

• Anti – Violence Against Women and their Children

7. Classification of Certain Women Workers

b. Employment of Minors
1. Minimum Employable Age;
2. Prohibition Against Child Discrimination;
3. R.A No. 7610;
4. R.A No. 9231;

c. Employment of Housekeepers

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 1. Kasambahay Law (R.A No. 10361)

d. Employment of Homeworkers
1. Industrial homeworker defined;
2. Regulations of the SOLE;
3. Distribution of Homework;

e. Employment of Night Workers

1. Coverage
2. R.A No. 10151;
3. Health Assessment;
4. Mandatory Facilities
5. Transfer;
6. Woman Night worker
7. Compensation

M. HEALTH SAFETY AND SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS

1. MEDICAL AND DENTAL SERVICE

a. First- Aid Treatment;
b. Emergency Medical and Dental Service;
c. Health Program;
d. Qualifications of Health Personnel;
e. Assistance of Employer

2. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

a. Safety and Health Standards;
b. Administration of Safety and Health Laws;

3. EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION AND STATE INSURANCE FUND

a. Policy and Definition;
b. Employees Compensation Program
c. Principle of Social Justice;
d. Coverage and Liability
• Compulsory Coverage;
• Foreign Employment
• Effective date of Coverage
• Registration;
• Limitation of Liability
• Extent of Liability
• Liability of Third Parties;
• Deprivation of Benefits

4. EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION COMMISSION

a. Composition;
b. Qualification;
c. Status of the ECC;
d. Powers and Duties;
e. Settlement of Claims;
f. Reviews;
g. Enforcement of Decisions

5. CONTRIBUTION
a. Employer’s Contribution;
b. Government Guarantee;
c. Medical Service;
d. Rehabilitation Services;

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 e. Disability Benefits
f.
• Temporary Total Disability;
• Permanent Total Disability;
• Permanent Partial Disability

g. Death Benefits

Cases:

1. Barsolo v. SSS G.R No. 187950 January 11, 2017;

2. Ranises v. ECC, 504 Phil 340 (2005);
3. GSIS v. Tanedo, G.R No. 193500, November 20, 2017;
4. GSIS v. Capacite, 744 Phil., 170 ( 2014)
5. Raro v. ECC, 254 Phil., 846 (1989)
6. GSIS v. Valenciana 521 Phil., 253(2006)
7. Ambassador Hotel Inc., v. SSS G.R No. 194137, June 21, 2017
8. Nayarra v. People G.R No. 224943, March 20, 2017;
9. Kukan International Corporation v. Reyes, 646 Phil., 210 (2010)
10.Aratea v. Suico., 547 Phil., 414 (2007)
11.GSIS v. Esteves G.R No. 182297, June 21, 2017
12.GSIS v. Calumpiano G.R No. 196102, November 26, 2014

6. PROVISIONS COMMON TO INCOME BENEFITS

a. Relationship and Dependency
b. Delinquent contributions
c. Second injuries
d. Assignment of Benefits
e. Earned Benefits
f. Safety devices
g. Prescriptive Period
h. Prohibition
i. Exemption from levy

N. RECORDS, REPORTS AND PENAL PROVISIONS

O. ADULT EDUCATION

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