CYCLONE SEPARATOR 1 Onirenve > To sty the operation of eyclone separa 2 Am % To study the efficiency of eyclone separator Iyrropec rion A high speed rotating (air) flow is established within a cylindrical or conical container called a cyclone. Air flows in a spiral pattern, beginning at the top (wide end) of the ting the cyclone in a straight cyclone and ending at the bottom (narrow) end before stream through the center of the cyclone and out the lop. Larger (denser) particles in the rotating stream have too much inert to follow the tight curve of the stream and strike the outside wall, falling then to the bottom of the eyclone where they can be removed. In a conical system, as the rotating flow moves towards the narrow end of the cyclone the rotational radius of the stream is reduced, separating smaller and smaller particles. 4. Tr Cyclone is the most widely used Centrifugal Separation Equipment for separating dust LORY: or mist from gases. ‘Most centrifugal separators for removing particles from gas streams contain no moving. parts. They are typified by the cyclone separators. It consists ofa vertical eylinder with a conical st at the bottoms of the cone. The inlet bottom, a tangential inet near the top, and an outlet for d is usually rectangular. The outlet pipe is extended into the cylinder o prevent short circuiting of air from inlet to outlet ‘The incoming dust laden air travels in a spiral path around and down the cylindrical body of the cyclone. The centrifugal force developed in the vertex tends to settle down into the cone and are collected. The cyclone is basically a settling device in which a strong centiifugal tively weak gravitational force acting vertically force, acting radially, is used in place of a rel ; mw « Where m is the mass of particle ‘The centrifugal force F, at radius r is equal to 5 nd Ug» is its tangential velocity. The ratio of centrifugal force to the force of gravity is thennm : a 1M Separation Factor rome cy The dust particles entering a cyclone are accelerated rachally but the force on the particle is not constant because of the change in + and because the tangential velocity in the vertex vanes with ¢ and with distance bellows the inlet. Calculation of particle trajectory is sifficult and efficiency of eyctone is generally predicted from empirical correlations The lower efficiency of larger cyclone is mainly a result of the decrease of the Centrifugal force. For a given ait flow rate and inlet velocity, how ever, moderate increase in cyclone diameter and length improve the collection efficiency, because the increase in surface area of sets the decreased centrifugal foree. Higher and lower efficiency would be expected for Jarger and smaller units at the sane flow rate and inlet velocity. The decrease in efficiency with decreasing particle size actually more gradual than the predicted by simple theories. For smaller particles the radial velocity and the collection emfici ise the icy should be a function of D,” , but agglomeration of the fines may occur to efficiency for these particles. Because of the particle size effect, the uncollected leaving the gas hhas much smaller average size than the entering dust, which may be important in setting emission limits, Also, the overall efficiency is a function of particle size distribution of the feed and can not be predicted just from the average size. The collection efficiency of a cyclone increases with particle density and decreases as the gas temperature is increased because of the increase in the gas velocity, The efficiency is quit dependent on the flow rate because of the uy, term in above equation. The cyclone is one Of the few separation devices that work batter in full load than at the partial load, Some times two identical cyclones are used in series to get more complete solids removal, but the efficiency of the second unit is less than that of the first, because the feed to second unit has a much lower average particle size. The pressure drop in a cyclone is proportional to the gas density and the square of the inlet velocity; it does not depend on the density of the solid particles. The pressure drop actually decreases with incre: ng particle concentrationS. pEscrivTion A Cyclone Separator isa vertical eylinder with the inlet stream introduced tangentially near the on in the cylinder. The centrifugal force acting on top. giving the suspension a spinning 1 the partic!es tends to throw thery radically to the sides of the cylinder as they spiral downward to a conical bottom where they are removed. A collector is fitted at the bottom & the induced draft blower is used to create the air stream. The classified air leaves the cyclone through a pipe extended down into the cyclone & passes through blower delivery side fitted with fine screen cloth bag to avoid dust expansion in the laboratory.The setup consists of L.D. blower connected to discharge side of Cyclone Separator, A flow meter with manometer is provided to measure the low rate of air, Pressure drop in the Cyclone is measured by water manometer. Solids are collected in the collector fixed at the bottom. The set-up is complete with flow Control & by pass valve. 6. Unmumes Reguiren: 1 Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220 V AC, $0 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth connection 2. Floor Area Required 1m x Im, Raw Material for Feed 4, Set of Sieves with Sieve Shaker for analysis. Ex 1. Make 1000gms sample of different size feed particles . IMENTAL PROCEDURE: 2. Start the blower at predefined flow rate that can be regulated by a butterfly valve provided in line . 3. Start adding the feed slowly in feed funnel. 4. Note down the pressure difference reading in manometer while entering the fees 5. Collect the bottom product from the container connected at the bottom of cyclone separator. 6, Repeat the experiment at different low rate of air,OBSERVATION TADL ES Site rms ems (We 1 Wo) «100 L el 40 » _| | ____| 10 03 06 Initial weight of sample = ===> gms Final weight collected at the receiving end = = (We / Wo) x 100 9, Nomenctature: n= Cyclone efficiency Wa:= Weight of Input sample We = weight of collected sample 10. Precautions & Mamrenance Instructions: s than 180 volts and above 230 1, Never run the apparatus if power supply is l volts. hould not run when there is no oil in oil cups. 2. The mac! 3. All the nuts and bolts of motor and unit fixed with the base are to be checked up before operation, 4. Size of feed material should not be more than Imm.11. Troupe sioorine. 12. np Proper cleaning and oiling of the set up is necessary Ifthe feed 1 choked materia rial chokes anually between the trough stop the motor and remove the If the motor stops during experimentations and starter trips while staring, it means starter over heated stop the crusher for at least 15 min and again start CES. McCabe, Smith “Unit Operations of Chemical Engincering’7" ed., McGraw Hill, NY, 2005, Page 985-986, 988. George Granger Brown, “Unit Operations”, 1 ed, CBS Publishers & Distributors, ND, 1995, Page 27-28.Prate & Frame Fiver Pri 1. Oner > To study the operation of plate and frame filter press 2. Aw >» Todetermine Specific cake resistance (a) and medium resistance (R) 3. Letropuction The separation of solids from a suspension in a liquid by means of porous medium ‘or screen which retains the solids and allow the liquid to pass is termed filtration. In general the pores of the medium will be larger than the particles which are to be Femoved, and the fiter will work efficiently only after an initial deposit has been trapped in the medium. Filtration is essentially w mechanical operation and is less ‘demanding in energy than evaporation or drying. The most suitable filter for any given operation is the one which will fulfill the requirements at riinimum overall cost. The most important factors in filter selection are the specitic resistance of filter cake, the quantity to be filtered and the solid concentration, 4, Tueory: Filtration involves the separation of solids from liquids by passing a suspension through a permeable medium, which retains the particles. FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE CAKE “The base filtration equation is: Dre gtarCoyy hy Age Ate oe, Yop w QAP WAP Where, Ai a* @*Cand Bhs? R4) Under constant pressure filtration condition, dntepration of the above equation yields Where, A= 4 and = BL. ww P AP Plot of US vs v yields constants a & b uy Slope = @ Intercept = b _——> ASP ATOR A anda= AP Pt and so, ae AL andR= BL ‘ = = b) When true constant pressure filtration condition starts at ts a Vs then the 1° ‘equation can be written as: Try OPH" wy yy, 2tR @ vevy 28 A‘eP ATP ty 2 : Using equation (3), plot of dectarmrin yds V=¥s t=) (v= V5) cae Intercept = btav, Constant Pressure Filtration Constant a and R can be calculated as: Pure 8 Frame Forex Pauasgales “ we a o 5. Descrirnion ‘The set up consists of 6 plates and 5 frames, Frames are covered with filter cloth Feed is fed by gear pump at the top and filtrate collected at the bottom from each plate by operating the cock. After removing cake, washing and cleaning can be done by water provided by overhead tank. Inlet and outlet pressures are measured by pressure gauges, Rate of filtrate removals is measured by calibrated tank provided 6. Unies Reguiren: 1, Blectricity Supply: Single phase, 220°V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth connection. 2. Water Supply (Initial fill) 3. Drain required 4. CaCo3: 10 ke. 7, Experimentat Proceourt: 1. Prepare slurry of CaCO3 in water (5%). Filter the prepared solution and fed it in the feed tank, Switch on the agitator of the feed tank. Fix the plate and frames on the press. Connect the outlet of the filter press to the filtrate tank. Start the pump and allow feed to enter the press. Record the Inlet slurry pressure, P; and Outlet slurry pressure, Py ex aoween Collect the filtrate in the receiver. Record the amount of filtrate collected v intimet. 9. Run the filtration till there is appreciable fall in rate of filtrate collection. Pave 6 Frawe Fiver PressGe | rece 8. Onsrnvarion & Catcurarion: ra a 7 Dara ~ ane Nos 6 : bo . 3 nie Ac 040m’ 4 An 0225 mi? Doovs re « - at 20°C = 0.001 Ns’ im Ce 5 B= 98 msec? 3 Onservation sory Oooo e a wey . Onsevarion Tante 1 hem | Py kglem™ | Po, kg/em tse ——~ [e} From the above table, plot the graph between v vs, Uv. ‘Then find out the slope & the intercept (ie. a and b), AP =P)-Po 980665 9 = Nigh = 8 AzEN A m= _-m? HAP EP SA att oS uate & Fraue Faren Press vy. L0ogorA = Slope of the graph Ar Area of one frame, m? Ac ‘Area of filtrate tank, m? A = Total Filtration Area, mm? B = Intercept of the graph c = Concentration ofthe slurry, kg/m” 8 = Acceleration due to gravity, m/sec Nr = Number of frame P = Pressure drop, kp/em? Py Tulet pressure, kgfem? Po = Outlet pressure, kglem” R = Medium Resistance, m”" ‘ = Time, see : y = Volume of filtrate collected in time t, m a Specific Cake Resistance, m/kg “ = Viscosity of the filtrate, Ns/mt h = Height of filtrate finished cotlected in time t em 10, Precautions & Matnrenance Instructions: |. Proper cleaning of plates and frames and its clothes is must 2. Feed slury is filtered before feeding it into the tank, 3, Plates & frames should be properly tightened 11. ‘TrovstesHootine: 1. If the slurry is leaking more than enough detached the plate and frame, arrange it properly and tight it again 2. Af the slurry is not coming properly than check whether the holes of the clothes and frames are matching if not arrange it accordingly. Pare & Frane Fen PaesFLUID MIXING APPARATUS 1, Onmenve: > To study the phenomenon of fluid mixing. Aw : > To Plot Power no. versus Reynolds no. for the given set of impellers with baffled Junbaffled mixing, > To study the mixing characteristics of solid and liquids mixtures 3. Intropuction: For a processing vessel to be effective the volume of fluid circulated by the impellers must be sufficient to sweep ut the entire vessel in a reasonable time. The velocity of the stream leaving the impeller must be sufficient to carry the current to the remotest parts of the tank. Liquids are most often mixed in some kind of tanks or vessels, usually cylindrical in form and with a vertical axis. Tank bottom is rounded to eliminate regions into which the fluid currents would not penetrate. In the present set-up mixing is done with the help of stirrer. The stirrer is complete with S$ Impeller with $$ Shaft coupled to FHP DC motor. The speed of agitator can be varied with the help of Thyristor controlled OC Drive and power consumption is measured by Digital Voltmeter & Digital Ammeter. Four replaceable baffles are provided to prevent swirling. One 4-bladéed propeller and one 6-bladded turbine are provided which are interchangeable. Drain valve is also provided at the bottom. Effectiveness of power consumption in fluid mixing can be performed with and without baffles hence increasing the range of ‘experimentation. The whole set-up is mounted on a rigid MS frame structure. 4. Tueory: The Experiment consist of determining the power consumed for both Type of Impellers For this Purpose the fluid should be filed to a H level of the tank and then mixer speed is set to zero Rpm The Speed of the impellers are Gradually Changed from zero to 15 to 180 rpm . The Purpose of this experiment isto calculate the mixing time for both the impellers The Power Consumed is correlated to the impeller speed by means of Dimensionless Power Number and Reynolds number(Re)6 The Reynolds number defined as mes NO Where P is the power in watts , pis the fluid density in kg/m’. 0 is the Diameter of the Impeller in m , and wis the Dynamic Viscosity Do not confuse 1 representing viscosity here with the specific growth rate coefficient very frequently found in biological equations. Unfortunately, this is common notation, and we will ‘not deal with viscosity too often in presentations related to bio processing. In equations for calculating head losses in pipes, diameter s the 1.0. ofthe pipe, Vis the fluid velocity, pis the fluid density, and wis the viscosity ofthe fuid Reynolds number has been so valuable for dealing with flow in pipes that analogous ‘numbers are desirable for other flow situations such as mixing in tanks and transfer from gas bubbles. The same properties used In pipes will give a dimensionless number in another system if the units are consistent. The problem is assigning which property, and the decisions ‘can seem arbitrary. The logical choices for a Reynolds number for a rising bubble are bubble diameter, relative velocity of the bubble versus the fluid, fluid density, and fluid viscosity, 5. Description: In the present set-up mixing Is done with the help of stirrer. The stirrer is complete with SS Impeller with SS Shaft coupled to FHP DC motor. The speed of agitator can be varied with the help of Thyristor controlled DC Drive and power consumption is measured by Digital Voltmeter & Digital Ammeter. Four replaceable baffles are provided to prevent swirling. One 4-bladded propeller and one 4-bladded turbine are provided which are interchangeable. Drain valve is also provided at the bottom. Effectiveness of power consumption in fluid mixing can be performed with and without baffles hence increasing the range of experimentation. The whole set-up is mounted on a rigid MS frame structure. Unrurmes Reguiren: 4.Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220'V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth connection 2.Floor Area Required 1m x 1m, 3.Raw Material for Feed is water and sand.7. Exprrimentat, Proceoure. Take 1000 gm of sand. Fl the tank with % th level with water. Fix the desired impeller along with motor. Set the RPM with the help of variac in the range 100-200 rpm. Put the baffles at its position in the mixing tank. Run the motor at desired RPM start adding the sand in the tank. Note down the corresponding Voltage and current readings. Repeat the experiment at different RPM values with baffles and without baffles. Sen an een pe Repeat the experiment with different impeller blade. 10. Do the Calculations and Plot the Graph Observation table: B= 9.81 m/sec” = 4 bladed turbine Dia, =140 mm = 4 bladed propeller Dia. = 110 mm Type of blade With baffle ir. No P= V1 watts Po = P4gN**p’ Re = — DINpit Without baffle rr. No Po = VAT watts Po = —~P*giN**DS Re = D*Np/jt9. 11. Nomenctature: = Voltmeter reading ,volts . Diameter of impeller . Ampere meter readings in Amps = Revolution per second Applied power = Power Number = Reynolds number = Gravitational constant=9.8 m/sec’ = fluid density in kg/m? Precautions & Mamvtenance Instructions: 1 4. Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 180 volts and above 230 volts. .. The machine should not run when there is no oil in oil cups. . All the nuts and bdlts of motor and unit fixed with the base are to be checked up before operation. Size of feed material should not be more than Imm. ‘TROUBLE SHOOTING: 1 2. Proper cleaning and oiling of the set up is necessary. If the feed material chokes in between the trough stop the motor and remove the choked material manually. . If the motor stops during experimentations and starter trips while starting, it ‘means starter over heated stop the crusher for at least 15 min and again start it. Rererences McCabe, Smith “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering?" ed., McGraw- Hill, NY, 2005, Page 985-986, 988. George Granger Brown, “Unit Operations", 1" ed., CBS Publishers & Distributors, ND, 1995, Page 27-28.SCREW CONVEYER Onncrve To study the operation of screw conveyer Aim: > To observe the conveying phenomenon of screw conveyer Inrropuction The screw conveyor is one of the oldest and most versatile conveyor types. These are ‘compact, requiring little headroom and no return mechanism. The material is also mixed 4s it passes through the conveyor. Screw or helical flight conveyors consists of a steel shaft having a spiral or helical fin fastened to the shaft and rotating in a trough without touching the trough, so that the helical fin pushes the material along the trough. The shaft is driven by a motor coupled with a reduction gearbox. Theory, A.screw conveyor or auger conveyor isa mechanism that uses a rotating helical serew blade, called a "fighting’, usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular rmuterials, They are used in many bulk handling industries, Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food waste, wood chips, aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others. ‘The first type of screw conveyor was the Archimedes’ screw, used since ancient times to pump irrigation water, ‘They usually consist of trough or tube containing either a spiral blade coiled around shaft, driven at one end and held at the other, or a *shatttess spiral, driven at one encl and free at the other, The rate of volume transfer is proportional to the rotation rate of the shaft. In industrial control applications the device is often used as variable rate feeder by varying the rotation rate of the shaft to deliver a measured rate or quantity of material into a process. Serew conveyors can be operated with the flow of material inclined upward. When, space allows, this is a very economical method of elevating and conveying. As the angle of inclination increases, the capacity of a given unit rapidly decreases, ‘The rotating part of the conveyor is sometimes called simply an auger6. Discrarnios ‘The screw conveyor is one of the oldest and most versatile conveyor types. These are compact, requiring little headroom and no return mechanism. The material is also mixed av it passes through the conveyor. Screw or helical flight conveyors consists of a stecl shaft having a spiral or helical fin fastened to the shaft and rotating in a trough without touching the trough, so that the helical fin pushes the material along the trough. The shaft is driven by a motor coupled with a reduction gearbox. Unrunes Requren: 1. Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, S-15 amp socket with earth connection 2. Floor Area Required 1m x Im, 3. Raw Material for Feed 4, Set of Sieves with Sieve Shaker for analysis. Exrerimentat Procepure 1. Take 1000 gm of sand . 2. Start feeding the screw conveyer slowly at the bottom . 3. As material is being carried along the the conveyer from one side to other. 4, Collect the material at the other end 5. Note down the time taken by conveyer in carrying the mass from bottom to top. 6, Repeat the experiment for different type of material. Observation table: Initial weight of sample = = gms Final weight collected at the receiving end = Efficiency = (final weight at the output/Input weight of the soil )x1009. Prreautions & Mancrvancr bysrecenions 1M. 12. 1. Never nun the apparatus if power supply is fess than 180 volts and above 230 volts ¢ should not run when there is no oil in ot cups ‘The machi \ bolts of motor and unit fixed with the base are to be checked up, 2. All the nuts before operation 4. Size of feed material should not be more than Imm TROURLE SHOOTING. Proper cleaning and oiling of the set up is necessary 2. Ifthe feed material chokes in between the trough stop the motor and remove the choked material manually. If the motor stops during experimentations and starter trips while starting, means starter over heated stop the crusher for at least 1 min and again start it 3. Rererences: McCabe, Smith “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering"7" ed., MeGraw- Hill, NY, 2005, Page 985-986, 988, George Granger Brown, “Unit Operations”, 1“ ed., CBS Publishes & Distributors, ND, 1995, Page 27-28.Jaw Crusner Onnenve To study the operation of Jaw Crusher Aut ‘To determine the efficiency of the Crusher for erushing a snaterial of known W, Intropuction, Jaw crushers do the heavy work of breaking large pieces of solid material into small lumps. The Jaw Crusher is widely used in industry for coarse reduction of large quanti 's of solids. They operate by compression and can break large lumps of very hhard materials, as in the primary and secondary reduction of rocks and ores. They are very common in industry and have a wide application. Turory, In a Jaw Crusher feed of known size distribution is admitted between the two jaws, set to form a V open at the top. It is driven by an eccentric so that a great compressive force is applied to lumps of solids caught between the jaws. Large lumps caught between the upper parts of the jaw are broken, drop into narower space below and are re-crushed the next time the jaws close, The most common type of jaw crusher is the Blake crusher, In this machine an eccentric drives a pitman connected to two toggles, one of which is pinned to the frame and the other to the swinging jaw. The pivot point is at the top of the movable jaw or above the {op of the jaws on the centerline of the jaw opening. The greatest amount of motion is at the bottom of the V, which means that there is little tendency for a crusher of this kind to choke. Bonn Crustinc Law Axo Work Inpex: Amore reaitic method of estimating the power required fr crushing and grinding is a m \Dp Where Kp is a constant which depends on the type of machine and on the material ig crushed, Dy is in millimeters, P in kilowatts and m in tons per hour,W) is defines! as the gross energy requirements in kilo watt hours per ton of {eer noedted to reduce a very large feed. This definition leads to a relation between K, and Wy (QQ) Ky = 0.162 IE80 pereent ofthe feed payses a mesh size of Dpa min ancl 80 percent of the proxtet a mosh of Dpiy mim, i follows from eq (1) & (2). 2 somaw et m sew 1 Pom O3162W, a Description. The set-up is a Blake Jaw Crusher, contains two Jaws of hard steel with one Jaye stationary and other moving. The movable jaw produces blows for every revolution reducing over sizing to a minimum. Combinations of forward and downward strokes with a rocking action exert pressure on the coarser materials yet permit the finished materials to pass through the jaws A hopper is provided at the top for feeding material. The smooth jaws ensure a uniform product and easy cleaning is possible ‘The opening of the Jaw is adjustable from 3 mm up to 25mm. ‘The motor is coupled to the machine through Triple “V" belt drive. 6. Unmunrs Require, 1, Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth connection 2. Floor Area Required tm x Im. 3, Raw Material for Feed (max size SO mm) 4, Set of Sieves with Sieve Shaker for analysis. 7, Experimenta Procepure: 1. Prepare a suitable feedstock of a solid material, 2. Measure its size distribution, 3. Check all the connections, 4, Start the machine with no load condition and record the time taken for 10-20 Pulses of energy meter for calculating power consumed by the machine. Jaw Crusher 2et ga WOU at ssn 3983 S Start fee Hing the solid material at a constant re (i, tonsihy 6 Again revond the time cn for 20 Pulses of energy meter for calculating power consumed by machine at loaded condition Repeat the experinent for different opening of jaws Onstrvation & Carcuration Dara EMC = 6400 Pulses/kWh Dre mm De = mm Work Indexes for some common minerals. Energy meter reading at no Toad condition Material Specific Gravity Wi BAUXTTE 220 B78 CEMENT CLINKER 3.15 13.43 | COAL 140 13.00 COKE Tat 15.13 GRAVEL 266 16.06 GYPSUM ROCK 269 67 TINE STONE 266 12.74 QUARTZ 265 13.57 Onsenvation: We okg \ smn Onsenvation TABL TEnergy meter reading at loaded conditionCALCULATIONS: p ~B1000 AW wt, EMC p WP 3000 kW , 1 EMC Pac ~Pyy AW kW rot Pye mKy eee gem RW = bw vets 316° W = Wr 00 me OO onsin = tons/h 1000 re = 100= Pu. 9. Nomenctature, Dp = Average feed size, mm Djs = Average product size, mm EMC = Energy Meter Constant, Pulses/kWh Ky = Bond's constant m = Feed rate, tons/h P= No. of pulses. Pi, = Power consume by machine at loaded condition, kW Px. = Power consume by machine at no load condition, kW Px = Actual power required for crushing, KW Pex = Caleulated power required for crushing, kW ty = Time for P pulses, min te = Time for crushing, min Wi = Work index of material, kWh/ton Wy = Weight of feed taken, ke 0 = Crushing efficiency ‘AUTIONS & MamnteNance Instructions: 10. Pr 1. Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 180 volts and above 230. volts. 2. The machine should not run when there is no oil in oil cups.3. Al the nuts and bolts of motor and unit fixed with the base are to be checked up before operation Clean the Jaws and whole unit before and after its use with cloth. Size of feed material should not be more than 50 min V1. Trovnte sone. 1. Proper cleaning and oiling of the set up is necessary m 2. If the feed material chokes in between the jaws stop the motor and remove the choked material manually, 3. If the motor stops during experimentations and starter tripy while starting, \t means starter over heated stop the crusher for at least 15 min and again start it 2. Rererences: 1. McCabe, Smith “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering"?" ed., MeGraw- Hill, NY, 2005, Page 985-986, 988. 2. George Granger Brown, “Unit Operations”, 1" ed., CBS Publishers & Distributors, ND, 1995, Page 27-28.RIBBON MIXER Osiecuve To study the operation of ribbon mixer. Am. % To Observe the Mixing performance for Ribbon mixer, Intropuction The rotation of the ribbon flights near the vessel wall , eause the material to move towards the centre of the mixing vessel. The rotation of the inner flights directs the ‘material in the opposite direction towards the vessel walls. The counter current, axial flow of materials, combined with the radial flow due to the action of inner and outer ribbon flights results in homogenous blending ofthe process material Turory Ribbon Blender commonly used for mixing of blending of fice flowing powders. The industrial applications for which Ribbon Blender is used are listed anules Media : Free flowing powders, Mode of Operation : Batch Mixing, Continuous Mixing Design and Operation xing Vessel - The ribbon blender consists of a U-shaped horizontal trough containing double helical ribbon agitator rotating within, The clearance between the external periphery of the ribbon and the internal wall of the mixing vessel is generally in the range of 3 mm. The clearance may be higher depending on the properties of the materials being blended Mixer Drive System - The ribbon bleader is powered by a drive system comprising of ‘a motor, gearbox, couplings andor chain-chain wheel, Mixer Assembly - The blender assembly comprising of the mixing vessel and the drive system are mounted on a supporting structure, base frame. The height of the base frame is decided based on the required charging height and the discharge height required for the blender operation,6 2, 3 4, 5 7 Descrirrion The set-up isa Ribbon mixer, contains steel blade fitted in fashion to provide best mixing experience. The smooth blades ensure a uniform product and easy cleaning is possible Unmunies Require. 1. Electricity Supply: Single phase, 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 amp socket with earth connection 2. Floor Area Required tm x 1m. 3. Raw Material for Feed. 4, Set of Sieves with Sieve Shaker for enalysis Exrerimentat, Procepure: Take 2000gm of sand and pour it in mixing trough. Take 1000gin of tracer red color. Drop it in any one corner of the casing. Now start the mixer for S min. Stop the mixer and take appox same quantities of mixtures From any 7 points in the casing, Take weight of cach sample ang sive i Measure the overflow(sand) and underflow tracer). Wrof sample gm [Wrofsand [Wi oftracer | Wt fraction of tracer Xi Calculations: N= (Nel) Xa(1-Xa)9. Nowenctature 1) = efficiency N= epmof the ribbon mixer weight fraction of tracer intial \weight fraction of tracer at any time t Xa_ = overall fraction of tracer 10. Precautions & Matnienance Ixsiructions 1. Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 180 volts and above 230 volts, ‘The machine should not run when there is no oil in oil cups. All the nuts and bolts of motor and unit fixed with the base are to be checked up before operation. 4, Size of feed material should not be more than Imm, 11. Trouate sroorne 1, Proper cleaning and oiling of the set up is necessary between the trough stop the motor and remove the 2. Ifthe feed material chokes choked material manually 12. Rererences: 1. McCabe, Smith “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering”7" ed., MeGraw- Hill, NY, 2005, Page 985-986, 988. 2. George Granger Brown, “Unit Operations”, 1" ed, CBS Publishers & Distributors, ND, 1995, Page 27-28.