REVIEWER IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Research - includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Research focuses
more on finding answers. Leedy (1989) follows a more practical approach about research as a procedure done to support
a demonstrable fact in answering a question or resolving a problem. Research is systematic and objective creation of
knowledge systematic (with a system or method, the scientific method), objective (no bias, all angles presented),
knowledge creation (a creative process)
Inquiry - Inquiry is a term that is synonymous with the word ‘investigation’. When you inquire or investigate, you tend to
ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE

1. To collect essential information - related to topic

2. To create changes – developing new solution
3. To improve standard of living - It aims to improve the quality and comfort of people's lives through various
socioeconomic factors such as income, education, healthcare, and access to basic needs.
4. To have a safer life – advancements in medicine, technology etc. contributing to improved health, quality of life and
economic development.
5. To know the truth – to promote integrity and credibility
6. To explore history – how we got where we are and why we live the way we do
7. To understand arts – understand and articulate the subjectivity of human experience

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Empirical – Research is based on actual experience or observation of the researcher.

Accuracy – It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes note and bibliographical entries should honestly
and appropriately document or acknowledged.
Objectiveness – It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations, predictions, or
conclusions.
Timeliness – It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society.
Relevance – Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a
community.
Clarity – It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct
language.
Systematic – It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.

ETHICS OF RESEARCH

 Honesty  Publication
 Objectivity  Mentoring
 Integrity  Respect for Colleagues
 Carefulness  Social Responsibility
 Openness  Non-discrimination
 Respect for Intellectual Property  Competence
 Confidentiality  Legality
Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand
concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for
research. Cresswell (1994) states that qualitative research is “an inquiry process of understanding a social or human
problem based on building a complex holistic picture formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants and
conducted in a natural setting.”

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Phenomenological- Researchers investigate a phenomenon or event by describing and interpreting participants’ lived
experiences. It derives perspectives defined by experience and context, and the benefit of this research is a deeper
and/or boarder understanding of these perspectives.

Ethnographic- This study involves collection and analysis of data about cultural groups or minorities. Researchers
immerse themselves in groups or organizations to understand their cultures.

Historical- This study is concerned with the identification, location, evaluation, and synthesis of data from past events.

Case Study- It is an in-depth examination of an individual, group of people, or an institution. This study involves a long-
time study of a person, group, organization, or situation.

Grounded theory - aims to provide the reasons, theories, and explanations behind an event. It focuses on why a course
of action has happened the way it did.

Narrative research - Researchers examine how stories are told to understand how participants perceive and make sense
of their experiences. Collecting and analyzing the accounts people tell to describe experiences and offer interpretation.

STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 The study requires a few cases or participants. Data collection are based on participant’s own understanding and
categories of meaning.
 It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in their natural setting.
 It is instrumental for positive societal change.
 It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about something.
 It generates respect for people’s individuality as it demands the researcher’s careful and attentive stand toward
people’s world views.

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TYPES OF RESEARCH

Pure Research – deals with concepts, principles, or abstract things. This type of research aims to increase your
knowledge about something.

Applied Research - intends to apply your chosen research to societal problems or issues, finding ways to make positive
changes in society.

Descriptive Research - This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing,
event, group, situation, etc. This is liable to repeated research because its topic relates itself only to a certain period or a
limited number of years. Based on the results of your descriptive studies about a subject, you develop the inclination of
conducting further studies on such topic.

Correlational Research – It shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables
that affect the research. It is only concerned in indicating the existence of a relationship, not in the causes and ways of
the development of such relationship

Explanatory Research – This type of research elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship of two
factors, but also the ways by which such relationship exists.

Exploratory Research – An exploratory research's purpose is to find out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a
research study on a certain topic. Here, you will discover ideas on topics that could trigger your interest in conducting
research studies.

Action Research – This type of research studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization, community, or institution
for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system.

Research Title - The most important element that defines the research problem. It is usually read first and the most read
part of the research. It contains the least words enough to describe the contents and the purpose of your research paper.
It can be revised any and many times as the research develops and reach its final phase. It becomes final on its final
defense before the panel of judges

GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING A RESEARCH TOPIC

Interest in the subject matter - Your real interest in a subject pushes you to research, investigate, or inquire about it with
full motivation, enthusiasm, and energy.

Availability of information - Information will serve as evidence to support your claims about your subject matter from
varied forms of literature like books, journals, and newspapers, among others, is a part and parcel of any research work.

Timeliness and relevance of the topic - The topic is relevant if it yields result that are instrumental in societal
improvement. It is timely if it is related to the present or up to date.

Limitations on the subject - This makes you link your choosing with course requirements.

Personal resources - Assess your research abilities in terms of your financial standing, health condition, mental capacity,
needed facilities, and time allotment to enable you to complete your research.

RESEARCH TOPICS TO BE AVOIDED

Controversial topics - It depends more on the writer’s opinion leading to biases. Facts cannot support this topic.

Highly technical subjects - Not advisable for beginners as these topics require an advanced study, technical knowledge,
and skills.

Hard-to-investigate subjects - Happens if there are no available reading materials about it and if such materials are not
up-to-date.

Too broad subjects - It prevents you from to focus on the subject matter of the paper. Narrow down or limit the subject
to eliminate the problem.

Too narrow subjects - Subjects that are so limited where an extensive searching is necessary.

Vague subjects - Titles beginning with indefinite adjectives such as several, many, some, etc., as in “Some Remarkable
Traits of a Filipino” or “Several People’s Comments on the RH Law,” are vague enough to decrease the readers’ interests
and curiosity.

1. Relevance - A descriptive word for a topic useful to society’s progress.

2. Interest in the Subject Matter - The effect of a topic you like so much or find close to your heart.

4. Ethnographic- This study involves collection and analysis of data about cultural groups or minorities. Researchers
immerse themselves in groups or organizations to understand their cultures.

5. Descriptive Research - This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person,
thing, event, group, situation, etc.

3. Inquiry - you tend to ask questions to probe or examine something to request for truth, information, or knowledge.

6. Availability of information – Very easy research topics

7. Controversial topics - Topics not needing factual data.

10. Research- includes any gathering of data, information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge

9. Timeliness - An adjective for a topic attuned to current happenings.

8. Action Research – This type of research studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization, community, or
institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in the system.

13. Explanatory Research - This type of research elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the relationship of
two factors, but also the ways by which such relationship exists

11. Pure Research – deals with concepts, principles, or abstract things. This type of research aims to increase your
knowledge about something.

12. Correlational Research- It shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents called
variables that affect the research.

15. Grounded theory - aims to provide the reasons, theories, and explanations behind an event. It focuses on why a
course of action has happened the way it did.

14. Objectiveness – It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.

20. Exploratory Research – An exploratory research's purpose is to find out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct
a research study on a certain topic. Here, you will discover ideas on topics that could trigger your interest in
conducting research studies.
19. Clarity – It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct
language.

18. Case Study- It is an in-depth examination of an individual, group of people, or an institution.

17. Phenomenological- Researchers investigate a phenomenon or event by describing and interpreting participants’
lived experiences.

16. Historical- This study is concerned with the identification, location, evaluation, and synthesis of data from past
events.