REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE
East Avenue, Quezon City
E-mail Address: ltocentral.pacd@gmail.com Website: www.lto.gov.ph

Instructor’s Guide
TDC-15-S-01
Introduction to Driving

SLIDE NO. 1
Objectives:
At the end of this lecture, the driver should be able to:
● learn and understand the role and functions of Land Transportation Office LTO;
● learn and familiarize with the process of registration of motor vehicle and acquiring
student-driver’s permit;
● learn and understand the important details under R.A No. 4136
● familiarize with the other agencies involved in traffic administration;

SLIDE NO. 2
House Rules
1. Use of mobile phone is not allowed.
2. Taking of Pictures during lecture and examination is not allowed.
3. Clean as you GO.
4. Provide your own pen:
- Any driver caught cheating or taking pictures during the examination shall be
disqualified and shall not be allowed to take the exam indefinitely.
- Any person caught taking examinations in lieu of other drivers shall be blacklisted from
LTO training modules
- Any driver found hiring or attempting to hire another person to take the examination
shall face license revocation
5. Observe safety protocols – mask / shield/ alcohol/ physical distancing

SLIDE NO. 3
Topic Outline:
1. Background/Evolution of Land Transportation and its Role in National Development
2. The Land Transportation Office
a. Vision
b. Mission
c. Organization
3. LTO Mandate
a. Driver’s License
b. Motor Vehicle Registration
c. Law Enforcement and Ticketing Protocol
4. Relationship with other Agencies
a. DOTr
b. LTFRB
c. PNP-HPG
d. MMDA/LGUs
e. DPWH

Page 1 of 13
SLIDE NO. 4

Topic 1:

Background/Evolution of Land Transportation and its Role in National Development

Brief History of LTO or R.A. No. 4136

⮚ February 6, 1912
- Legislative Act 2159 was enacted as the first formal law of Land Transportation in order to
regulate and license of operators for motor vehicles in the Philippines.
- It created the Automobile Section under the Administrative Division of the Bureau of Public
Works.

⮚ 1926
- Republic Act Number 3045- an act compiling and incorporating laws on motor vehicles
changing Automobile Section to Automobile Division under Bureau of Public Works (BPW)

⮚ January 1, 1933
- Act Number 3992 “Revised Motor Vehicle Law” renaming Automobile Division into Division of
Motor Vehicles.

⮚ June 2, 1945
- Reorganizing the division and its function (section chief, division chief, director)

⮚ June 20, 1964

- RA 4136 or the Land Transportation Traffic Code
- Land Transportation controls the operation of Motor Vehicles and licensing of drivers,
conductors, dealers.

⮚ March 20, 1985- Executive Order 1011 was implemented by Pres. Marcos.
- The E.O. established the Land Transportation Commission, which was tasked to perform
functions such as registering motor vehicles, licensing of drivers and conductors, franchising
of public utility vehicles and enforcing land transportation rules and regulations.

⮚ June 30, 1987 to Present

- The Land Transportation Commission was abolished and two offices were created, namely
the Land Transportation Office (LTO) and the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board (LTFRB). The LTO took over the functions of the former BLT while the LTFRB took over
the functions of the BOT. The MOTC was likewise renamed as the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC). (as amended by EO 125-A)

Page 2 of 13
SLIDE NO. 5
LTO ORGANIZATIONAL CHART (Pertaining to Registration and Licensing)

SLIDE NO. 6-7

Topic 2: THE LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE (LTO)

VISION
A Frontline agency showcasing fast and efficient public service for a
progressive land transport sector.

MISSION
Rationalize the land transport services and facilities to effectively implement
the various land transportation laws, rules and regulations.

MANDATE

❑ Register roadworthy and emission-compliant motor vehicles;

❑ License quality drivers; and
❑ Put order on the road and enforcement of land transportation laws, rules and
regulations.

Page 3 of 13
SLIDE NO. 8-9
Article II - Definition
Section 3: Words and phrases defined. – As used in this Act:
(a) “Motor Vehicle” - shall mean any vehicle propelled by any power other than muscular power
using the public highways, but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, street-sweepers, sprinklers,
lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders, forklifts, amphibian trucks, and cranes if not used on public
highways, vehicles which run only on rails or tracks, and tractors, trailers and traction engines
of all kinds used exclusively for agricultural purposes.
Trailers having any number of wheels, when propelled or intended to be propelled by
attachment to a motor vehicle, shall be classified as separate motor vehicle with no power
rating.
(b) “Passenger automobiles” - shall mean pneumatic-tire vehicles of types similar to those
usually known under the following terms: touring car, command car, speedster, sports car,
roadster, jeep, cycle car (except motor wheel and similar small outfits which are classified
with motor cycles), coupe, landaulet, closed car, limousine, cabriolet, and sedan.
Motor vehicles with changes or rebuilt bodies, such as jeepneys, jitneys, or station wagons,
using a chassis of the usual pneumatic-tire passenger automobile type, shall also be
classified as passenger automobile, if their net allowable carrying capacity, as determined by
the Commissioner of Land Transportation, does not exceed nine passengers and if they are
not used primarily for carrying freight or merchandise.
The distinction between “passenger truck” and “passenger mobile” shall be that of common
usage: Provided, that a motor vehicle registered for more than nine passengers shall be
classified as “truck”: And provided, further, that a “truck with seating compartments at the
back not used for hire shall be registered under special “S” classifications. In case dispute,
the Commissioner of Land Transportation shall determine the classification to which any
special type of motor vehicle belongs.
(c) “Articulated vehicle” - shall mean any motor vehicle with a trailer having no front axle and
so attached that part of the trailer rests upon the motor vehicle and a substantial part of the
weight of the trailer and of its load is borne by the motor vehicle. Such a trailer shall be called
as “semi-trailer.”
(d) “Driver” - shall mean every and any licensed operator of a motor vehicle.
(e) “Professional driver” shall mean every and any driver hired or paid for driving or operating
a motor vehicle, whether for private use or for hire to the public.
Any person driving his own motor vehicle for hire is a professional driver.
(f) “Owner” shall mean the actual legal owner of a motor vehicle; in whose name such vehicle is
duly registered with the Land Transportation Commission.
The “owner” of a government-owned motor vehicle is the head of the office or the Chief of the
Bureau to which the said motor vehicle belongs.
(g) “Dealer” shall mean every person, association, partnership, or corporation making,
manufacturing, constructing, assembling, remodeling, rebuilding, or setting up motor vehicles;
and every such entity acting as agent for the sale of one or more makes, styles, or kinds of
motor vehicles, dealing in motor vehicles, keeping the same in stock or selling same or
handling with a view to trading same.
(h) “Garage” shall mean any building in which two or more vehicles, either with or without drivers,
are kept ready for hire to the public, but shall not include street stands, public service stations,
or other public places designated by proper authority as parking spaces for motor vehicles for
hire awaiting or soliciting business.
(i) “Gross weight” shall mean the measured weight of a motor vehicle plus the maximum
allowable carrying capacity in merchandise, freight and/or passenger, as determined by the
Commissioner of Land Transportation.
(j) “Highways” shall mean every public thoroughfare, public boulevard, driveway, avenue, park,
alley, and callejon, but shall not include roadway upon grounds owned by private persons,
colleges, universities, or other similar institutions.
Page 4 of 13
(k) “The Commissioner of the Land Transportation and his deputies” shall mean the actual
or acting chief of the Land Transportation Commission or such representative, deputies, or
assistants as he may, with the approval of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications,
appoint or designate in writing for the purpose contemplated by this Act.
(l) “Parking or parked”, for the purposes of this Act, shall mean that a motor vehicle is “parked”
or “parking” if it has been brought to a stop on the shoulder or proper edge of a highway, and
remains inactive in that place or close thereto for an appreciable period of time. A motor vehicle
which properly stops merely to discharge a passenger or to take in a waiting passenger, or to
load or unload a small quantity of freight with reasonable dispatch shall not be considered as
“parked”, if the motor vehicle again moves away without delay.
(m) “Tourist” shall mean a foreigner who travels from place to place for pleasure and culture.

Article III - Administration of Act

Section 4: Creation of Commission Repealed by R.A. No. 6374

SLIDE NO. 10 - 13

Topic 3: Motor Vehicle Registration

Section 5: Compulsory Registration of Motor Vehicles Amended by BP74

(a) All motor vehicles and trailers of any type used or operated on or upon any highway of the
Philippines must be registered with the Bureau of Transportation for the current year in
accordance with the provisions of this Act.”
(b) The dates of annual registration of motor vehicles shall be based on a registration scheme to
be prepared by the Bureau of Land Transportation subject to approval of the Minister of
Transportation and Communications. The scheme shall provide for a system that will distribute
the registration of motor vehicles equitably over different months in a calendar year. Said
scheme and rates shall not be changed more often than once every three (3) years, and only
upon due notice given to the public at least ninety (90) calendar days before the effectivity of
such registration scheme.

Any registration of motor vehicles not renewed or before the date fixed by the Bureau of Land
Transportation shall become delinquent and invalid.

Section 6: Application and payments for registration. – Applications and payments for registration
shall be made either personally or by registered mail, and the date of the cancellation of the
postage stamps envelopes containing money order or check shall be taken as the date of the
application and/or payment for registration: Provided, That the application is properly prepared
and the payment for registration is sufficient as required by law.

Section 7: Registration Classification Amended by BP74

a. Private- Motor vehicles registered under this classification shall not be used for hire under any
circumstances.
b. For Hire- Motor vehicles registered under this classification are those covered by Certificates
of Public Convenience (CPC), or special permits issued by the Land Transportation
Franchising and Regulatory Board.
c. Government- MV owned by the government of the Philippines or any of its political
subdivisions shall be registered under this classification.
d. Diplomatic- MV owned by foreign government or by their duly accredited diplomatic officers
in the Philippines in the discharge of their official duties.

Page 5 of 13
Section 8: Schedule of Registration Fees - Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Act,
each application for registration of motor vehicle shall be accompanied by an annual registration
fee in accordance with a schedule of fees provided by LTO.
Aged Private Vehicles - refers to private passenger cars registered under E.O. 43 series of
1986. Pursuant to MC No. EMA-MC-01348 dated 8/18/01
re: Clarification on the Rates of Collectible MVUC for Aged Motor Vehicles, hereunder are
the schedule of aged MVs, the base year of which is 2000 the year RA 8794 became
effective.

MVUC Law provides more specific explanation on the schedule of registration fees

SLIDE NO. 14

Section 9: Permissible Weights and Dimensions of Vehicles in Highway Traffic

Amended by: R.A. No. 8794 MVUC Law
Section 10: Special Permit
The Commissioner with the approval of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications, shall
issue regulations and schedules of additional fees under which special permits may be issued in
the discretion of the Commissioner or his deputies, for each of the following special cases, without
which special permit no vehicles shall be operated on the public highways:
a. To operate a motor vehicle or trailer outfit with the wheel, axle, or axle group loads in excess
of the limits fixed in subsection (a) of Section nine hereof or in any regulation issued by the
Commissioner.
b. To operate a motor vehicle the size of which exceeds the limit or permissible dimensions
specified in paragraph (b) of Section nine hereof.

Page 6 of 13
c. To operate a motor vehicle with any part of the load extending beyond the projected width of
the vehicle.
d. To pull two trailers behind a motor vehicle.
e. For any other special authority relating to the use of vehicles, not otherwise specifically
provided herein.

Section 11: Additional Fees

In addition to the fees elsewhere provided in this Act, for each change of registration from private
to for hire or vice-versa; revision of gross weight rating, change of the tire size; transfer of
ownership; replacement of loss registration certificate; number plate, driver’s license or permit;
badge; preparation of affidavit or certified true copy of records, or for any similar circumstances
requiring the issue, revision, or re-issue of a certificate of registration, driver’s license, badge,
permit, or other document, a fee of two pesos shall be collected.
The replacement of a lost or utterly spoiled certificate, number plate, license, badge or permit
shall render the original invalid.
In case of a request in writing for certification of date or facts involving two or more vehicles, a fee
of five pesos a page or part thereof shall be collected for each certification.

Section 12: Fee for Original Registration for Part of Year

If any application for the original registration is made during the first quarter of a calendar year,
the total annual fee for the year shall be paid, if made during the second quarter, three-fourths of
the annual fee for that year shall be paid, if made during the third quarter, one half of the annual
fee shall be paid, and if made during the fourth quarter, one-fourth of the annual fee shall be paid.
Nothing in this section shall be constructed as allowing quarterly renewals of registrations in
order to avoid payment of fees in advance for the entire year.\

SLIDE NO. 15 - 17
Section 13: Payment of Taxes upon Registration
No original registration of motor vehicles subject to payment of taxes, customs duties or other
charges shall be accepted unless proof of payment of the taxes due thereon has been presented
to the Commission.
ARTICLE III – Registration Certificates, Records, Number Plates
Section 14: Issuance of Certificates of Registration
A properly numbered certificate of registration shall be issued for each separate motor vehicle
after due inspection and payment or corresponding registration fees.

Section 15: Use and Authority of Certificate of Registration

a. The said certificate shall be preserved and carried in the car by the owner as evidence of the
registration of the motor vehicle described therein, and shall be presented with the subsequent
applications for re-registration, transfer of ownership, or recording of encumbrances:
Provided, that in lieu of the certificate of registration a true copy or Photostat thereof may be
carried in the motor vehicle.

Page 7 of 13
b. The certificate of registration issued under the provisions of this Act for any motor vehicle
shall, while the same is valid and effective and has not been suspended or revoked, be the
authority for the operation of such motor vehicle.
c. No motor vehicle shall be operated on the public highways in a manner which would place it
under a classification requiring the payment of a larger registration fee than that stated in the
certificate of registration.

SLIDE NO. 18

Section 16: Suspension of Registration Certificate

If on inspection, as provided in paragraph (6) of Section four hereof, any motor vehicle is found
to be unsightly, unsafe, overloaded, improperly marked or quipped, or otherwise unfit to be
operated, or capable of causing excessive damage to the highways, or not conforming to
minimum standards and specifications, the Commissioner may refuse to register, said motor
vehicle, or if already registered may require the number plates thereof to be surrendered to him,
and upon seventy-two hours’ notice to the owner of the motor vehicle, suspend such registration
until the defects of the vehicle are corrected and/or the minimum standards and specifications
fully complied with.

Whenever it shall appear from the records of the Commission that during any twelve-month period
more than three warnings for violations of this Act have been given to the owner has been
convicted by a competent court more than once for violation of such laws, the Commissioner may,
in his discretion, suspend the certificate of registration for a period not exceeding ninety days and,
thereupon, shall require the immediate surrender of the number plates.
After two such suspensions, re-registration of the vehicle concerned for one year may be denied.

SLIDE NO. 19-33

Section 17: Number Plates, Preparation and Issuances Amended by BP43

The Bureau of Land transportation shall cause reflective number plates to be prepared and issued
to owners of motor vehicles and trailers registered and recorded in the Bureau of Land
Transportation under this Act, as amended, for a reasonable fee: Provided, That the fee shall be
subject to the approval of the Minister of Transportation and Communications in consultation with
the Minister of Finance, and , not Provided, further, That the identification, numbers and letters of
any motor vehicle number plate shall be permanently assigned to such motor vehicle during its
lifetime. No motor vehicles shall be exempted from the payment of registration fees. Motor
vehicles for hire and privately owned motor vehicles shall bear plates of reflective materials so
designed and painted with different colors to distinguished one class from another.
The transfer of motor vehicle plates whether temporary or regular, validating tags and/or stickers
form one motor vehicle to another without permit from the Bureau of Land Transportation, except
security number plates on authorized vehicles, shall be punishable with a fine of not less than
Five Thousand Pesos and/or imprisonment of six months at the discretion of the Court.
For purpose of renewal of registration of motor vehicles, the Director or his Deputies shall issue
validating tags and stickers indicating the year of registry, charging a reasonable fee: Provided,
That the fee shall be subject to the approval of the Minister of Transportation and Communications
in consultation with the minister of Finance.

Page 8 of 13
SLIDE NO. 34-36
Section 18: Use of Number Plates
At all times, every motor vehicle shall display in conspicuous places, one in front and one in the
rear thereof, the said number plates.

The number plates shall be kept clean and cared for, and shall be firmly affixed to the motor
vehicle in such a manner as will make it entirely visible and always legible.
Except in the case of dealer’s number plates which may be used successively on various motor
vehicles in stock, no person shall transfer number plates from one motor vehicle to another.
No dealer’s number plate shall be used on any motor vehicle after said vehicle has been sold and
delivered to a purchaser, and no dealer shall allow such dealer’s number plates to be used on
any motor vehicle after its sale and delivery to a purchaser.

SLIDE NO. 37

Permit and Licenses

SLIDE NO. 38

ARTICLE I – License to Drive Motor Vehicles

Section 19: Duty to have License Amended by BP398
Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Act, it shall be unlawful for any person to operate
any motor vehicle without having in his possession a valid license to drive a motor vehicle.
“The license shall be carried by the driver at all times when operating a motor vehicle and shall
be shown and/or surrendered for cause and upon demand to any person with authority under this
Act to confiscate the same.”

Section 20: License for Enlisted Men Operating Government Vehicle Repealed by BP398

SLIDE NO. 39

Section 21: Operation of Motor Vehicles by Tourists

Bona fide tourist and similar transients who are duly licensed to operate motor vehicles in their
respective countries may be allowed to operate their motor vehicles during but not after ninety
days of their sojourn in the Philippines. In any accident involving such tourist or transient occurs,
which upon investigation by the Commissioner or his deputies indicates that the said tourist or
transient is incompetent to operate motor vehicles, the Commissioner shall immediately inform
the said tourist or transient in writing that he shall no longer be permitted to operate a motor
vehicle.
After ninety days, any tourist or transient desiring to operate motor vehicles shall pay fees and
obtain and carry a license as hereinafter provided.

Refer to PowerPoint Presentation for the Guidelines of R.A. No. 10930

- Application for Driver’s License
- Issuances of Driver's License, Fees and Validity Amended by R.A. No. 10930

Page 9 of 13
SLIDE NO. 40
Section 24: Use of Driver’s License and Identification Card
Every license issued under the provisions of this Act to any driver shall entitle the holder thereof,
while the same is valid and effective, to operate motor vehicles described in such license:
Provided, however, That every licensed professional driver, before operating a public utility
vehicle registered under classification (b) of Section seven hereof, as amended by Batas
Pambansa Bilang 74, shall secure from the Director, upon payment of the sum of five pesos, a
driver’s identification card which shall, at all times while so operating a public utility vehicle, display
in plain sight in the vehicle being operated. The identification card shall be issued simultaneously
with the license.
It shall be unlawful for any duly licensed driver to transfer, lend or otherwise allow any person to
use his license for the purpose of enabling such person to operate such motor vehicle unless the
person sought to be employed is a duly licensed professional driver.

SLIDE NO. 41

Section 25: Driver’s Records

Any driver who changes his address shall, within fifteen days, notify the Commissioner in writing
of his new address, name and address of his new employer, the number of the motor vehicle he
is employed to operate, and such other information as the Commissioner may require.

SLIDE NO. 42
Refer to PowerPoint Presentation for the Guidelines of R.A. No. 10930

- Renewal of the Replacement of Lost License Amended by BP398

Section 27: Authority to Suspend, Revoke and Reinstate Driver’s License Amended by BP398
Without prejudice to the authority of the court in appropriate cases except as herein otherwise
provided, the Director shall have exclusive power and authority to suspend or revoke for cause
any driver’s license issued under the provisions of this Act.

(a) The Director may suspend for a period not exceeding three months or, after hearing, revoke
any driver’s license and may order such license, whether confiscated by, and/or in the
possession of, any other law enforcement agencies deputized in accordance with paragraph
(d) (1) of Section four of this Act, to be delivered to him whenever he has reason to believe
that the holder thereof is an improper person to operate motor vehicles, or in operating or
using a motor vehicle in, or as an accessory to, the commission of any crime or act which
suspend for a period not exceeding three months any driver’s license issued under the
provisions of this Act; Provided, that such suspension may be appealed to the Director who
may, after reviewing the case, confirm, reverse or modify the action taken by such deputy.

(b) Whenever during any twelve-month period, a driver shall be convicted at least three times for
the violations of any provisions of this Act or of any regulations issued by the Director or any
municipal or city ordinance relating to motor vehicle traffic not in conflict with any of the
provisions of this Act, The Director may revoke or suspend the license of such driver for a
period not exceeding two years.

Page 10 of 13
(c) The license suspended or revoked under the provisions of subsection (a) and (b) of this
section shall not be reinstated by the Director, unless the driver has furnished a bond in
accordance with Section twenty-nine of this Act and only after the Director has satisfied
himself that such driver may again safely be permitted to operate a motor vehicle.
(d) A decision of the Director revoking or refusing the reinstatement of a license under the
provisions of this section may be appealed to the Minister of Transportation and
Communications.

SLIDE NO. 43
Section 28: Driver’s Bond Amended by BP398
The Director before reinstating any driver’s license which has been suspended or revoked under
the provisions of this Act, may require such driver to post a bond in the sum of five thousand
pesos conditioned upon the satisfaction and payment of any claim which may be filed or of any
execution which may be issued against such driver in any case wherein said driver may be held
answerable while operating motor vehicles. The bond required in this section shall be in such
form as to render sureties liable at least for a period of not less than one year nor more than three
years: Provided further, that upon written application to the Director for release from such bond,
the Director may, after revoking or suspending the driver’s license, authorize the release of the
bondsmen from further responsibility thereunder: Provided further, That should the Director
decide not to revoke the license of a driver who has been convicted of homicide through reckless
imprudence, or of violation of the speed limit or of reckless driving at least three times within
twelve-month period, the said driver shall post a bond not less than ten thousand pesos,
conditioned upon the payment of any claim which may be filed or any execution which may be
issued against him in any case wherein said driver may be held answerable while operating motor
vehicles.

Section 29: Confiscation of Driver’s License Amended by BP398

Law enforcement and peace officers of other agencies duly deputized by the Director shall, in
apprehending a driver for any violation of this Act or any regulations issued pursuant thereto, or
of local traffic rules and regulations not contrary to any provisions of this Act, confiscate the license
of the driver concerned and issue a receipt prescribed and issued by the Bureau therefore which
shall authorize the driver to operate a motor vehicle for a period of not exceeding seventy-two
hours from the time and date of issue of said receipt. The period so fixed in the receipt shall not
be extended and shall become invalid thereafter. Failure of the driver to settle his case within
fifteen days from the date of apprehension will be a ground for the suspension and/or revocation
of his license.

SLIDE NO. 44

Refer to PowerPoint Presentation for the Guidelines of R.A. No. 10930

- Student-driver’s Permit

ARTICLE II – Illegal Use of Licenses, Number Plates

Section 31: Imitation and False Representations
No person shall make or use or attempt to make or use a driver’s license, badge, certificate of
registration, number plate, tag, or permit in imitation or similitude of those issued under this Act.,
or intended to be used as for a legal license, badge, certificate, plate, tag or permit, or with intent
to sell or otherwise dispose of the same to another. No person shall falsely or fraudulently
represent as valid and in force any driver’s license, badge, certificate, plate, tag or permit issued
under this Act which is delinquent, or which has been revoked or suspended.
No person shall, knowingly and with intent to deceive, make one or more false or fraudulent
statements in an application for the registration of vehicles, or for a driver’s license.

Page 11 of 13
SLIDE NO. 45

ARTICLE III – Passengers and Freight

Section 32: (a) Exceeding Registered Capacity, Issuance of Conductor’s License, Validity
and Fee Amended by BP398

No person operating any motor vehicle shall allow more passengers or more freight or cargo in
his vehicle than its registered carrying capacity. In the case of public utility trucks or buses, the
conductor shall be exclusively liable for the violations of this section or of Section thirty-two, letter
(c) hereof: Provided, That the conductor before being employed by any public service operator
shall get a permit or license from the Bureau and pay the fee prescribed in accordance with law,
for said license or permit issued in his favor, which shall be valid for three years, and the same is
renewable on or before the last working day prior to or on his birthdate, attaching a readily
recognizable photograph taken by the Bureau and after presentation of a medical certificate of
fitness of applicant.
Passenger trucks may be allowed to construct any cargo-carrying device at the rear or at the side
of the truck, subject to the approval of the Director: Provided, however, That the total weight of
the device, including the cargo, shall not exceed one hundred kilos.
(b) Carrying of passengers and freight on top of vehicles. – No person operating a motor
vehicle shall allow any passenger to ride on the cover or top of such vehicles: Provided, however,
That, subject to such conditions as may be contained in permits that may be issued by the
Director, baggage or freight may be carried on the top of a truck so long as the weight thereof
does not exceed twenty kilos per square meter and is distributed in such a manner as not to
endanger the passengers or stability of the truck.
(c) Ridding on running boards. – No driver shall allow any person on the running board, step
board, or mudguard of his motor vehicle for any purpose while the vehicle is in motion.

SLIDE NO. 46-48

Topic 4: Law Enforcement and Ticketing System

Law Enforcement - Put order on the road and enforce land transportation laws, rules and
regulations.
- to carry out effectively a rule of conduct or action prescribed by a
controlling authority and formally recognized as binding by the people
in a given territory.

SLIDE NO. 49

Types of Enforcement
Persuasive - That type of law enforcement that induces people to obey the law because of the
perceived benefits they will derive from it. It consists of information campaign to heighten
awareness or community drives to elicit support to a program of action.
Preventive - Type of law enforcement which hinders the commission of a crime or the violation
of the law. It consists of measures in held readiness against the probability of the occurrence
of an infraction of the law, such as putting up warning signs or patrol visibility through the
deployment of mobile and / or stationary patrol.
Punitive - The imposition of punishment to an infraction of the law in order to deter or
discourage its commission, such as payment of fines or jailing an offender.

Page 12 of 13
SLIDE NO. 50-52

Ticketing System
1. Temporary Operator’s Permit (TOP) - issued by LTO deputized enforcers for traffic and
administrative (non-moving) violation which serves as:

• Receipt for driver’s license confiscated.

• Notice and Summon.
• Temporary driver’s license (for 72 hrs. only)
• 5 days to contest, 15 days to settle otherwise 30 days suspension of driver’s
license

2. Traffic Violation Receipt (TVR) - issued by MMDA deputized enforcers for traffic violations
committed within Metro Manila (under Sec. 5F of R.A. No. 7924 dated April 15, 1995)

3. Uniform Ordinance Violation Receipt (UOVR) - issued by Local Government Units

(LGU’s) under the Single Ticketing System dated Jan. 26, 2012, MMDA Resolution No.
12-02
(Only in Metro Manila)
4. Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) - issued by the LGU under Sec. 5 of PD 1605 dated Nov. 21,
1978
Note: Non-confiscation of Driver’s License under Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1 Series
of
2008 dated September 10, 2008, under Sec. 3.4A

SLIDE NO. 53-54

Relationship with Other Agencies

DOTr - is the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing, regulating

and administrative entity of the executive branch of the government in the promotion,
development, regulation of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation.
LTFRB - Certificate of Public Convenience (franchising of public utility motor vehicle)
including enforcement of the Public Service Law (CA 146).
PNP-HPG - Enforcement of Republic Act 4136
MMDA/LGUs - Responsible for traffic direction and control within Metro Manila and its
Localities
DPWH - Responsible for road engineering and infrastructure as well as construction,
maintenance and repairs of roads including installation of traffic signs and signals and
pavement markings.
The Department of Transportation (DOTr) has three (3) Sectoral offices and 16 attached
agencies. The administrative relationship differs as DOTr exercises control and supervision
over the Sectoral Offices, whereas in attached agencies it is only in the manner of program
and policy coordination. Moreover, DOTr also has one Project Management Office (PMO)
MRT-III and two Regional offices (CAR and CARAGA).

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