SECOND DIVISION

A.C. No. 6139 November 11, 2003

DOMINADOR L. CABANILLA, Complainant,

vs.
ATTY. ANA LUZ B. CRISTAL-TENORIO, Respondent.

DECISION

CALLEJO, SR., J.:

Dominador L. Cabanilla, married to Revelina Badua, then a 1st Lieutenant in the Signal Detachment of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, filed an application for a miscellaneous patent over a parcel of land with an area of 240
square meters located at No. 25th Street, 67-B West Rembo, Fort Bonifacio, Rizal. He was allowed to construct a
1

house on the said lot pending action on his application. 2

When Revelina B. Cabanilla died intestate on December 6, 1986, she was survived by her husband, Dominador and
their children, namely, Manuel, Jaime, Leticia, Virginia, and Marissa. 3

In February 1988, Dominador sold his right over a 34-square-meter portion of the said house to his neighbor, Rodolfo
Sabangan, for ₱20,000.00. Thereafter, Rodolfo brought an already-signed one-page Deed of Sale dated February
22, 1988 to Dominador for the latter’s signature. Dominador affixed his signature above his typewritten name. When
4 5

he reviewed the said deed, however, Dominador noticed that contrary to the agreement, it appeared that he was
relinquishing his rights not only over the portion of the house thereon but also the lot where such portion of the house
stood. Dominador, thus, made the following notation at the bottom of the said deed:

That the vendor is willing to sell his right over a portion of the house with an area of thirty-four (34) square meters with
each (sic) improvement thereat. 2-20-88. 6

Dominador also wrote on the left margin of the deed the words "Please change," and initialed the same. Dominador
7

then returned the deed to Rodolfo. A few days thereafter, Rodolfo gave Dominador a copy of the said deed. However,
the deed was not revised as requested by the latter. Moreover, appended to the deed as "page 2" thereof was an
8

acknowledgment containing the names of the Cabanilla children, including Eddie Cabanilla, Johny Cabanilla, Raul
Cabanilla, Diosdado Cabanilla, Ferdinand Cabanilla and David Cabanilla. It appeared in the acknowledgment that
those listed therein were also vendors of the property. 9

Dominador’s application for a miscellaneous patent was granted. On March 16, 1994, the President of the Philippines
issued Miscellaneous Patent No. 007602-94-2078 in favor of Dominador L. Cabanilla, who by then had already
retired from the military as a major. On September 5, 1995, Original Certificate of Title No. 2222 was issued over the
property in the names of the Cabanilla spouses. 10

Barely a year thereafter, Dominador filed a civil complaint against Rodolfo for the annulment of the said deed of sale
with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Makati City, docketed as Civil Case No. 95-844. However, the defendant
Rodolfo Sabangan, a seaman, was on board an international sea-going vessel and could not be served with
summons. His family engaged the services of respondent Atty. Ana Luz B. Cristal-Tenorio. The respondent filed on
July 17, 1995, a motion for substituted service of summons. Nonetheless, the respondent prepared and filed an
11

Answer to the Complaint for and in behalf of Rodolfo. 12

On October 16, 1995, Dominador and Jaime, Raul, Manuel, David and Eddie, all surnamed Cabanilla, and Leticia C.
Quirona, Marissa Cabanilla and Virginia C. Cruz executed a "Joint Affidavit of Complaint" for falsification of a
document under Article 171 in relation to Article 172 of the Revised Penal Code against Rodolfo and the respondent
with the Office of the City Prosecutor of Makati City, docketed as I.S. No. 95K-40216. In her Counter-Affidavit, the
13

respondent alleged, inter alia, that the parties to the Deed of Sale appeared before her and acknowledged the
authenticity of their signatures therein, and even showed their residence certificates which she entered in her notarial
register; and that after finding that everything was in order, she proceeded to notarize the deed of sale which was
prepared by the parties themselves. She also averred that she exercised due diligence in ascertaining if the
signatures appearing in the deed of sale were authentic and genuine; that she was not a handwriting expert who
could determine if the signatures appearing in the said document were forged or not; and that she acted in good faith
when she notarized the deed. 14

On February 2, 1996, Assistant City Prosecutor Juan O. Bermejo, Jr. issued a Resolution dismissing the complaint in
I.S. No. 95K-40216, but found probable cause for the filing of an Information for the said crime against Rodolfo. The
Investigating Prosecutor stated that the respondent acted in good faith in notarizing the said deed. An Information
15

was filed with the Metropolitan Trial Court of Manila, docketed as Criminal Case No. 237511 charging Rodolfo with
falsification of a public document. A warrant was issued for his arrest. 16

Meanwhile, during the pre-trial in Civil Case No. 96-844 on January 3, 1997, Rodolfo failed to appear. The court
issued an order declaring him as in default and authorizing Dominador to adduce his evidence ex-parte on January
13, 1997.17

When the case was called for the reception of evidence ex-parte on the said date, the court discovered that it had not
yet acquired jurisdiction over the defendant. The court noted that the respondent, who appeared as counsel for the
defendant, was secured by the defendant’s wife and not by the defendant himself. The court set aside its order
declaring the defendant as in default. On "Joint Motion" of the parties, the court issued an order archiving the case for
90 days.18

Dominador and his children, as plaintiffs, filed another civil complaint against Rodolfo, et al., as defendants, with the
RTC of Makati, docketed as Civil Case No. 97-574, for the annulment of the same deed of sale. The defendants filed
a motion to dismiss the case on the ground of litis pedentia and forum-shopping. The court issued an Order on June
27, 1997, granting the defendants’ motion and dismissing the case. The plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration,
19

which was, however, denied. 20

On March 20, 2002, Dominador executed an "Affidavit of Complaint" and filed the same with the Integrated Bar of the
Philippines (IBP). He alleged, inter alia, that contrary to what the respondent stated in the acknowledgment portion of
the deed of sale, he never met and appeared before her when she notarized the deed, and that the signatures
appearing opposite their respective names were forgeries. The complainant appended to his complaint a copy of the
21

deed of sale. He also submitted a copy of the "Joint Affidavit of Complaint" executed on October 16, 1995. The
22 23

complainant prayed for the respondent’s disbarment.

In her Answer with Counterclaim, the respondent alleged, inter alia:

... [T]he parties to the Deed of Sale appeared before the herein Respondent and acknowledged the authenticity of
their signatures before the herein Respondent entered the same document in the Notarial Register. Thereafter,
Respondent, finding that everything is in order, proceeded to notarized (sic) the Deed of Sale which were prepared by
the parties themselves. 24

The IBP referred the matter to Atty. Wilfredo E.J.E. Reyes as Investigating Commissioner for report and
recommendation.

Dominador also filed a criminal complaint for perjury against the respondent with the Office of the City Prosecutor of
Manila, docketed as I.S. No. 02D-14455. The case was assigned to Assistant City Prosecutor Jesse A. Tiburan for
investigation.25

During the hearing on December 5, 2002, only the complainants Manuel Cabanilla and Marissa Cabanilla appeared.
They submitted a copy of the "Joint Affidavit of Complaint" dated October 1, 2002, where it was alleged, inter alia,
that:
 7. That after the death of our mother REVELINA B. CABANILLA last December 06, 1986 we become (sic)
co-owners of the said property and our father DOMINADOR L. CABANILLA cannot sell the same without our
consent and conformity.

8. That the Sale was made in violations of the existing (sic) of our rights as legitimate children of
DOMINADOR L. CABANILLA AND REVELINA B. CABANILLA.

9. That this is our course of action in our own rights over the properties involved independent of the rights of
the others over the conjugal property. 26

The complainants Marissa Cabanilla and Manuel Cabanilla stated that they did not appear before the respondent on
February 22, 1988; in fact, Manuel Cabanilla was out of the country on the said date.

On January 9, 2002, the complainants filed their Position Paper. Complainants Dominador Cabanilla, Leticia C.
Quirona, Virginia C. Cruz and Marissa Cabanilla appeared before the Investigating Commissioner and identified their
signatures in their Joint Affidavit of Complaint dated October 16, 1995, and affirmed the contents thereof.

The Investigating Commissioner submitted his Report dated June 9, 2003, where he recommended that the
respondent’s commission as notary public be revoked, and that she be disqualified from being appointed as notary
public for a period of two years. On June 21, 2003, the IBP Board of Governors approved Resolution No. XV-2003-
382, affirming the said recommendation.

The only issue in this case is whether or not the respondent notarized the deed of sale without the complainant
Dominador L. Cabanilla and his children (Manuel Cabanilla, et al.) appearing before her. The complainant asserts
that he and Manuel Cabanilla, et al., never met the respondent or appeared before her, and that the signatures
appearing on the deed of sale purporting to be theirs are forgeries. They claim that Manuel Cabanilla, et al., are not
parties to the deed, and that the only parties are Dominador, as vendor and Rodolfo as vendee. Except for the
numbers and dates of issue of the residence certificates purporting to be those of Dominador and Rodolfo which were
handwritten in the acknowledgment of the deed, the numbers of the residence certificates of Manuel Cabanilla, et al.,
were not completely indicated therein.

On the other hand, the respondent asserts that although Dominador appears as the only vendor in the first page of
the deed of sale, Manuel Cabanilla, et al., consented to and approved the deed. Dominador and Manuel, et al.,
themselves prepared the deed and brought it to her for notarization and that she ascertained the authenticity of the
signatures appearing thereon before she notarized the said deed. She, likewise, contends that Rodolfo, as vendee,
took possession of the property after the deed was executed. Although Dominador was able to secure title over the
entire property, including that portion already sold under Original Certificate of Title No. 2222, Dominador
nevertheless demanded that Rodolfo vacate the same. Failing to recover the property he had already sold to Rodolfo,
Dominador filed the complaint for disbarment against the respondent on April 16, 2002, or fourteen years from the
date of the deed. The respondent asserts that the only purpose for filing the affidavit-complaint is to recover the
property from Rodolfo. Finally, the respondent claims that it was only on October 16, 1995, or eight years after the
deed of sale was executed, that Dominador filed a criminal complaint for falsification of a document against her and
Rodolfo which, however, was dismissed by Assistant Prosecutor Juan Bermejo, Jr. for lack of probable cause.

We affirm Resolution No. XV-2003-382 of the IBP Board of Governors.

Under Section 1(a) of Act 2103, a notary public taking the acknowledgment in a document or instrument is mandated
to certify that the person acknowledging the instrument or document is known to him and that he is the same person
who executed it and acknowledged that the same is his free act and deed. To "acknowledge before" means to avow;
to own as genuine, to assert, to admit; and "before" means in front or preceding in space or ahead of. A party
27

acknowledging must appear before the notary public. 28

Every contract, deed or other document acknowledged before a notary public shall have a certification thereon that
the parties thereto have presented their respective residence certificates or are exempt from tax, and there shall be
entered by the notary public as a part of such certification the number, place of issue and date of each residence
certificate as aforementioned. The presentation of the residence certificate is required where a document is
29

acknowledged before a notary public to ascertain the identity/identities of the person/s appearing before him and to
avoid impostors. The failure of a notary public to comply with the said requirement is sufficient basis for the
30

revocation of his commission. A notary public is mandated to exercise the functions of his office and must observe
31
with utmost care the basic formalities and requisites in the performance of his duties. Otherwise, the confidence of
32

the public in the integrity of the deed would be undermined. After all, notarization is not an empty routine. It converts
33

a private document into a public one and renders it admissible in court without further proof of its authenticity. 34

A notary public should not notarize a document unless the persons who signed the same are the very same persons
who executed and personally appeared before the said notary public to attest to the contents and truth of what are
stated therein. The presence of the parties to the deed making the acknowledgment will enable the notary public to
35

verify the genuineness of the signature of the affiant. A notary public is enjoined from notarizing a fictitious or
36

spurious document. The function of a notary public is, among others, to guard against any illegal deed.
37 38

In this case, this Court is convinced that the respondent notarized the deed of sale without the parties therein
appearing before her and acknowledging the same. The respondent failed to exercise the functions of the office and
to comply with the mandates of the law.

First. The respondent notarized the deed of sale despite patent defects appearing on the face thereof. Dominador is
the true and lawful owner of a right over the subject parcel of land and the house constructed thereon. In the first and
second paragraphs of the deed, Dominador appears to be willing to sell his right over a portion of the land with an
area of thirty-four (34) square meters, more or less, and a portion of the house, together with its improvements
thereon. The cited paragraph reads:

That the VENDOR IS the true and lawful owner of right over a certain parcel of land located at No. 67-B, 25th Street,
West Rembo, Fort Bonifacio, Makati, Metro Manila, together with its improvements thereon;

That the VENDOR is willing to sell his right over a portion of the said parcel of land, with an area of THIRTY-FOUR
(34) square meters, more or less, and a portion of the house together with its improvements thereon, and the
VENDEE is willing to purchase the same; 39

However, Dominador encircled the words "over a portion of the land with an area of thirty-four (34) square meters" in
the second paragraph, and drew an arrow towards the phrase in the same paragraph which he encircled reading "a
portion of the house together with its improvements" to indicate that this was exactly what he was willing to sell to
Rodolfo. This is borne by what Dominador wrote at the bottom of the page:

That the vendor is willing to sell his right over a portion of the house with an area of thirty-four (34) square meters with
each (sic) improvement thereat. 2-20-88. 40

Dominador drew an arrow from the quoted handwritten provision to the second paragraph of the deed, to indicate that
only a portion of the house with an area of thirty-four (34) square meters was being sold, and that the second
paragraph should be substituted by the handwritten provision at the bottom of the deed. Conformably, Dominador
also encircled the words "over a portion of the house" in the third paragraph of the deed which reads:

That for and in consideration of the sum of __(illegible)_________ Philippine Currency, in hand paid by the VENDEE
to the VENDOR, the VENDOR by these presents, does hereby SELL, TRANSFER and CONVEY his rights over the
said portion of land and a portion of the house together with its improvements thereon to the said VENDEE, his
assigns and successors-in-interest. 41

All the foregoing clearly shows that Dominador had agreed to convey to Rodolfo only his right over a portion of his
house with an area of 34 square meters, not including the parcel of land where it stood. He wanted Rodolfo to revise
the deed to reflect their true agreement. This is the reason why Dominador wrote "Please change" on the left margin
of the deed and affixed his initial thereon. All these could not have escaped the notice of a conscientious and
meticulous notary public. It behooved the respondent to refrain from notarizing the deed and instead advise the
party/parties to revise the same to reflect their true agreement. By notarizing the deed of sale despite blatant defects
thereon, and despite a party’s express request for its revision, the respondent demeaned the lofty office of the notary
public.

Second. The only vendor appearing on page 1 of the deed is Dominador Cabanilla. The names of Manuel Cabanilla,
et al., do not appear thereon. Not being vendors, there was no deed or instrument for them to acknowledge. This
notwithstanding, the respondent certified in the acknowledgment in page 2 of the deed that Manuel Cabanilla, et al.,
were, likewise, vendors. 42
Third. The respondent notarized the deed of sale without requiring the parties to show their respective certificates, to
verify their identities and to ascertain the genuineness of the signatures appearing opposite their respective names.
The acknowledgment in page 2 of the deed of sale reads:

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES)

CITY OF MANILA ) S.S.

BEFORE ME, a Notary Public, for and in the above jurisdiction personally appeared :

(Initial illegible)

DOMINADOR L. CABANILLA - RC No. A-1733621 issued on 1 (illegible) 88

at Makati, M.M.
LETICIA C. QUIRONA - RC No. Name) issued on 8 Jan 88
at Quezon City
JAIME CABANILLA - RC No. Name and signature (illegible) issued on
9 Jan 88 at (illegible) City
JOHNY CABANILLA - RC No. Manuel Cabanilla issued on 7 Jan 88
at Makati City
VIRGINIA CRUZ - RC No. Signature (illegible) issued on 6 Jan 88
at Taguig
EDDIE CABANILLA - RC No. Signature (illegible) issued on (blank)
at (blank)
RAUL CABANILLA - RC No. Signature (illegible) issued on 7 Jan 88
at (blank)
DIOSDADO CABANILLA - RC No. Signature (illegible) issued on (blank)
at (blank)
MARISSA CABANILLA - RC No. M. Cabanilla issued on (blank)
at (blank)
FERDINAND CABANILLA - RC No. Signature (illegible) issued on (blank)
at (blank)
DANIEL CABANILLA - RC No. Signature (illegible) issued on (blank)
at (blank)

hereinafter known as the VENDORS; and RODOLFO RODOLFO with RC No. 114399500 issued on 1/11/88 at
Pateros, M.M., hereinafter known as the VENDEE, known to me and to me known to be the same persons who
executed the foregoing instrument consisting of two (2) pages including the page on which this acknowledgment is
written and acknowledged before me that the same are their free voluntary act and deed.

WITNESS MY HAND AND SEAL on the date and place above written.

Doc. No. 196 (SGD.)

Page No. 40 ANA LUZ B. CRISTAL TENORIO
Book No. I NOTARY PUBLIC
Series of 1988 UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1988
PTR NO. 049364 - Jan. 19, 1987
MANILA 43
The numbers of the residence certificates, the places of issue, except those of Leticia C. Quirona, Jaime Cabanilla,
Johny Cabanilla, Virginia Cruz, as well as the dates of the said certificates were issued, except those of Jaime
Cabanilla, Johny Cabanilla, Virginia Cruz, Raul Cabanilla, are not indicated in the acknowledgment. On the spaces
for the numbers of the residence certificates, names/illegible signatures are written. Although Johny Cabanilla is listed
in the acknowledgment as one of the vendors, "Manuel Cabanilla" is written on the space meant for his residence
certificate number.

Clearly, the respondent violated her duty as a notary public. A notary public is mandated to discharge sacred duties
1âwphi1

which are dictated by public policy and, as such, are impressed with public interest. Faithful observance and utmost
respect of the legal solemnity of an oath in an acknowledgment or jurat is sacrosanct. In this wise, the respondent
44

miserably failed.

What cannot be countenanced is the respondent’s temerity to falsely state under oath, in her Counter-Affidavit in I.S.
No. 95K-40216, that those listed in page 2 of the deed of sale showed their residence certificates to her and that she
found the deed of sale in order. 45

Furthermore, the respondent’s reliance on the ruling of this Court in Imson-Souweha vs. Rondez is misplaced
46

because the facts therein are markedly different. In the aforecited case, the facts are as follows: (a) the respondent
therein requested the complainant to secure her tax account number; (b) on the date when the respondent presented
the extrajudicial settlement to the heirs of the deceased, two of the sisters of the complainant assured the respondent
that they had already executed a special power of attorney in her favor authorizing the latter to affix her signature on
the said date; (c) because of respondent’s trust and confidence in the heirs of the deceased, the respondent
notarized the deed; (d) by her actuations subsequent to the notarization of the deed, the complainant ratified the said
deed. The Court agreed with the respondent’s submission therein that:

If respondent is to be faulted at all, it is simply because of his complete trust and confidence on the heirs of
Anastacio, particularly Flora Imson-Elvina and Lydia Imson-Sinlao whom the respondent never suspected would
commit the grievous scheme of misrepresenting themselves as the representatives of the complainant in the matter
of the settlement deed. 47

The respondent cannot seek refuge in the complainant’s delay in filing the instant complaint for disbarment against
her. She cannot, likewise, invoke the complainant’s ill motive in filing the said complaint. The Court’s disciplinary
authority cannot be defeated or frustrated by a mere delay in filing the complaint, or by the complainant’s motivation
to do so. The practice of law is so intimately affected with public interest that it is both a right and a duty of the State
to control and regulate it in order to promote the public welfare. By swearing the lawyer’s oath, an attorney becomes
48

a guardian of the truth and the rule of law, and an indispensable instrument in the fair and impartial administration of
justice – a vital function of democracy a failure of which is disastrous to society. Any departure from the path which a
lawyer must follow as demanded by the virtues of his profession shall not be tolerated by this Court as the disciplining
authority.
49

The respondent undermined the confidence of the public on notarial documents and thereby breached Canon I of the
Code of Professional Responsibility which requires lawyers to uphold the Constitution, obey the laws of the land and
promote respect for the law and legal processes, when she notarized a Deed of Absolute Sale which was patently
defective. She also violated Rule 1.01 thereof, which proscribes lawyers from engaging in unlawful, dishonest,
immoral or deceitful conduct. In acknowledging that the parties personally came and appeared before her, the
50

respondent also made an untruthful statement, thus violating Rule 10.01 of the Code of Professional Responsibility
and her oath as a lawyer that she shall do no falsehood. 51

WHEREFORE, for breach of notarial law, the commission of respondent Atty. Ana Luz B. Cristal-Tenorio, as Notary
Public, if still existing, is REVOKED. She is DISQUALIFIED from being commissioned as such for a period of Two (2)
Years.

Respondent Atty. Ana Luz B. Cristal-Tenorio is also SUSPENDED from the practice of law for a period of One (1)
year effective immediately for violation of Rule 10.01 of the Code of Professional Responsibility. She is DIRECTED to
report the date of her receipt of this Decision to the Court to enable it to determine the effectivity of the revocation of
her notarial commission, her disqualification from being commissioned as notary public, as well as her suspension
from the practice of law.

Let copies of this Decision be furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant and the Integrated Bar of the Philippines.
SO ORDERED.

Bellosillo, (Chairman), Quisumbing, Austria-Martinez, and Tinga, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

1
Rollo, p. 67.

2
Ibid.

3
Id. at 61-62.

4
Id. at 5 & 8.

5
Id. at 6.

6
Id. at 6, 8.

7
Id.

8
Id. at 5 & 8.

9
Id. at 6-7.

10
Id. at 6-8.

11
Id. at 71.

12
Id. at 26.

13
Records, pp. 8-9.

14
Id. at 10-11.

15
Id. at 28-30.

16
Id. at 70.

17
Id. at 26.

18
Id.

19
Id. at 27.

20
Id. (Except Diosdado Cabanilla and Johny Cabanilla).

21
Rollo, p. 5.

22
Id. at 6-7.
23
Id. at 8-9.

24
Id. at 20.

25
Id. at 46.

26
Id. at 62.

27
Cruz v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 31 (1973).

28
Coronado v. Felongco, 344 SCRA 565 (2000).

29
Article VII, Section 251, Revised Administrative Code.

30
Guerrero v. Hernando, 68 SCRA 76 (1975).

31
Section 247, par. 5(h), Revised Administrative Code; Guerrero v. Hernando, supra.

32
Ramirez v. Ner, 21 SCRA 207 (1967).

33
Ibid.

34
Coronado v. Felongco, supra.

35
Villarin v. Sabate, Jr., 325 SCRA 123 (2000).

36
Maligsa v. Cabanting, 272 SCRA 408 (1997).

37
Ibid.

38
Valles v. Arzaga-Quijano, 318 SCRA 411 (1999).

39
Rollo, p. 6.

40
Ibid. (Underlining supplied)

41
Id.

42
Dalumpines vs. Court of Appeals, 336 SCRA 538 (2000).

43
Rollo, p. 7.

44
Arrieta v. Llosa, 282 SCRA 248 (1997).

45
Rollo, p. 10.

46
279 SCRA 258 (1997).

47
Id. at 264.

48
Sevilla v. Salubre, 348 SCRA 592 (2000).

49
Radjaie v. Alovera, 337 SCRA 244 (2000).
50
Aquino v. Manese, A.C. No. 4958, April 3, 2003.

51
Fulgencio v. Atty. Martin, A.C. No. 3223, May 29, 2003.