Phần 1:

Part 1: Listen to a discussion on expectations in today’s job market and choose the
correct answer A, B, C, or D which fits best according to what your hear. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10pts) (Adopted from
Cambridge Objective Proficiency)
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A

Part 2: You will hear part of an interview with Norman Cowley, a well-known novelist
and biographer. For questions 1-5, decide whether the statement is TRUE (T) or
FALSE (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10
pts) (Adapted from Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English 6)
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

Part 3: You will hear an interview with a man called Daren Howarth, who works as a
carbon coach. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (20 pts) (Adopted from FCE listening test 6)
1. consultant 2. ecologist 3. bills 4. carbon 5. the
meter government
6. light bulbs 7. its/their 8. Earthship 9. the wind 10. handbook
concerts power
Part 1

Interviewer: Diane Webber, you’ve switched careers more than once during your own
working life, and you now run a highly regarded employment agency for media high-
fliers, where, above all, you advise your clients, both companies and applicants, to be
fully flexible. You seem to see this as a fundamental principle, if your agency slogan –
‘Keeping your options open’ – is anything to go by. Is that a fair assessment of how you
operate?

Diane Webber: Absolutely. I know that not so very long ago we used to see jobs for life
as the norm, with unquestioning company loyalty, and a golden handshake at the end of it
all – which, nine times out of ten, probably wasn’t in actual fact deserved – but things are
very different now. And yes, there does seem to be something positive in all this, despite
the obvious question mark over security. Successful players in the current job market cut
their teeth in one firm, and are willing to step sideways more than once to gain fresh
experience. Unlike their predecessors, they may only progress up the rungs when they
land their third or fourth job, or even later in their career. This increased movement brings
benefits, not just for them, but for the companies they work for, too.

Interviewer: In spite of the instability? Surely it’s important to have some continuity?

Diane Webber: Well actually, it’s a mixed blessing. Individuals can get terribly stale if
they stick in one place for too long, especially if they report to managers who fail to
challenge them. That implies a hierarchy riddled with complacency and under-
achievement, which can no longer be tolerated in today’s fast-moving, dog-eat dog world.
Also, much of today’s work consists of fixed term projects, done in teams, and if one or
two members drop out along the way, it really doesn’t matter, provided that the team
remains an entity. The one exception to this is the team leaders themselves, who are not
only the driving force, but the guardians of the project, who hold important historical
detail in their heads, so yes, continuity is important there. But even then it’s a clearly
defined cycle. We’re frequently approached by highly experienced team leaders who,
having completed one project, decide they can’t face even the slightest whiff of repetition
and so come to us seeking fresh challenges.

Interviewer: And they manage to find work?

Diane Webber: Oh, they’re snapped up! Because generally speaking, a project-based job
can easily demonstrate a track record, it’s there in the successful completion of the
project.

Interviewer: And these people would have no problem getting references from the
employers they’re essentially walking out on? I would have thought that that could be an
issue …

Diane Webber: Employers don’t view it like that at all. Their mindset is different now, as
I said earlier, and companies actually take steps to foster a more dynamic environment, as
they feel this yields better productivity, though the jury’s still out on this, in my view.
Nevertheless, with a flow of people, there’s a quantum leap in terms of the ideas
generated, not to mention the chance of new ways of problem-solving imported from
elsewhere. These effects are tangible and they’re often very attractive because they’re
perceived as lean and efficient, instant solutions, even if they generally turn out to be only
quick fixes which later have to be reversed.
Interviewer: Ah, but isn’t that the nub of it all, that this shifting and fragmented approach
leads to poor decisions? Of course, the perpetrators are never taken to task, as they’ve
already made a quick exit and are knocking on your door for another job!

Diane Webber: That’s a bit unfair! For one thing, there’ve always been bad decisions. No
company can rely on its personnel to make the right choices one hundred per cent of the
time – even with the help of highly-paid outside consultants, staff will continue to get it
wrong from time to time. However, I’d argue that it’s the mediocre employees, who just
want to keep their heads down, who are far more likely to cause problems than the risk-
takers, who, don’t forget, are only as employable as their last success.

Interviewer: Ruthless …

Diane Webber: Pragmatic!

Interviewer: Which brings us neatly back to your slogan, doesn’t it? Keeping your options
open. How far do you encourage people to go in this?

Diane Webber: With new opportunities opening up all the time, the sky’s the limit really.
It’s certainly never too late to contemplate a move, and so the maxim has to be, don’t rule
anything in or out.

Interviewer: We’ll end on that positive note. Diane Webber, thank you.

Diane Webber: It’s been a pleasure.

Part 2

Interviewer: With us today to discuss his careerwe have Norman Cowley, renowned
novelist and biographer. So let's start at the beginning, Norman. You did say, some years
ago, that you began high on the mountain, only to go down sharply while others were
passing you on the way up. Do you think now, when you look back at your first novel,
that it had anything that you were not able to recapture later?

Norman Cowley: You can't write a worthwhile book, or you can't continue to be a
reasonable writer if you start recapturing what you've done earlier. So there are all sorts of
positive things in my first book that I'll never achieve again – the immediacy of it, the
easiness of the dialogue, the kind of stylistic elegance that comes from not trying to be too
sophisticated. But, on the other hand, I wouldn't want to repeat it.
Interviewer: Now, after the tremendous success of that first novel, your second one was
pretty much damned by the critics.

Norman Cowley: Oh, more than damned. It was torn apart!

Interviewer: Well, now, that must have hurt, probably more than anything subsequently.

Norman Cowley: It was shocking, because, and you know this is going to sound silly, but
I couldn't believe the intensity of the attack on it. I remember one awful review by a
longstanding, distinguished critic, who was uncharacteristically attempting to be witty, I
suspect. He wrote that the book was pace less, tasteless, graceless. Now it certainly had its
faults but er ... it had pace, it had its own kind of taste in tune with the youth culture of the
time, and I like to think it had some grace. It was almost as if the reviewer had
deliberately set out to pick the few good things he could find in the book and wreck them
too. It was a demolition job.

Interviewer: But did this rejection push you in a different direction?

Norman Cowley: It left me very confused. I thought maybe I should give up and become
something else, but I didn't know what. So I wandered around and finally started thinking
about the next book, 'The Green Wood'. Of course you get good reviews too, which give
you hope, and the bad ones toughen you. Finally after many, many years, you realize that
it's part of it. In a way, it's a pruning process. It cuts down all but the people who are really
driven to be writers. So there are far more people who write two novels than six or seven.

Interviewer: After a while, people began to see some autobiographical content in your
fiction. Was that fair?

Norman Cowley: It was half fair. You don't ever put someone into a book completely.
You don't dare because if you do, you've got a dull character. The point is that if you put
people that you know very well, like your wife or children, into a book, they're real for
you already, so you don't have to create them. So they say a few things that they say every
day and they're real for you, but not for anyone else. It's better if you change them. I love
taking people and transforming them to a degree by, say, putting them in an occupation
they don't have and so on.

Interviewer: And what do you think about some of the novels written today with their
extremely violent plots?
Norman Cowley: I don't care what characters do in a novel. I'm willing to read about the
worst human monster, provided the novelist can make that person come alive. A novel
should enable you to learn more about the depths of human nature. Some of today's
violent novels don't do that. There's no inner voyage. The writing's descriptive but not
revealing. Probably there's such a thing as 'going too far', but only if you don't fulfil the
prescription. You can go as far as you want but your imagination has to be equal to it.

Interviewer: So the novel is still mainly a kind of psychological journey?

Norman Cowley: Well, it can be many things: a riddle, a game or a wonderful revolution
of language. I would hate to say novels have to be one thing, but the key is that they
should illuminate human experience in a dramatic way. Otherwise why read them? You're
going to get a better, swiftly-paced, modern narrative on the average TV show.

Interviewer: Now, in your selection of subjects for biographical treatment, is there one
aspect of all these people which attracted you?

Norman Cowley: Well, yes, I feel that I'm in a position to write biographies of people
who are well-known, not necessarily because I'm as large a celebrity as they are, although
I do think I have more insight into them than the average good, worthy biographer. They
approach from the outside and don't understand the incredible confusion of identities that
grows when you come to celebrity from simpler beginnings. That's what draws me to
these people. Also you have the great advantage of knowing what happened. When you're
a novelist ... you panic about what to do next. You could wreck the book if you go the
wrong way.

Interviewer: Now let's turn to your latest novel, which has ...

PART 3

Interviewer: Tonight my guest is Daren Howarth who works as a carbon coach. What
exactly does that mean Daren?
Daren Howarth: Well, most people know about global warming and would like to do
something to reduce the amount of carbon they send out into the atmosphere, but they
don't always know the best way of doing this. What I do as a carbon coach is give them
advice about how to achieve environmentally friendly living. I'm now a full-time
consultant, and my clients include both companies and private individuals.
Interviewer: What made you decide to become a carbon coach?

Daren Howarth: Well it all started about fifteen years ago. I'd always been interested in
energy-saving and the environment and I trained as an ecologist. At that time, people were
talking about very technical things like greenhouse gas emissions, then someone came up
with the term 'carbon footprint', which is much easier for people to understand.

Interviewer: And you can tell ordinary families what their carbon footprint is, can't you?

Daren Howarth: That's right. I work out how much carbon dioxide the family's generated
over a year; firstly by studying their bills, then finding out how much waste they produce,
how much they use the car, and so on. Adding together all these figures, I calculate their
total carbon footprint in tonnes of carbon dioxide. Then I take a look around their home
and suggest ways of reducing their carbon footprint.

Interviewer: How do you work out how much carbon each machine around the house
emits?

Daren Howarth: By switching off all the things that use electricity, then turning each one
on one at a time, you can see the amount of energy each one uses. I use something known
as a 'carbon meter' which measures the amount of electricity being used in the house at
any one time. It also shows how much carbon dioxide this represents.

Interviewer: What's the least energy efficient thing you've seen in homes?

Daren Howarth: I go into so many places where I look in the roof and there's no
insulation, so there's nothing stopping all the heat just going straight out into the outside
air. Insulation massively reduces your carbon footprint; it's cheap and the government will
help with the cost of it.

Interviewer: So is that the worst thing?

Daren Howarth: Well, central heating systems can be very inefficient and people use
things like electric knives and mixers which are unnecessary, but the thing I really can't
stand is when people are still using old-fashioned light bulbs. People can't resist them
because they're so cheap, but up to ninety percent of the energy they produce is lost as
heat. If you have one, put it in a box and smash it up, so no one else can use it.

Interviewer: What other type of clients do you have?

Daren Howarth: We work with both individuals and businesses - and even some
celebrities, such as the band Supergrass. For one of their albums about three years ago, the
band decided to minimise their carbon footprint at their concerts and then also cut the
amount of carbon produced when making a CD. The carbon footprint for a disc is just a
few grams, but a big band like Supergrass will produce thousands of copies, which means
several tonnes of carbon.

Interviewer: And what are your plans for the future?

Daren Howarth: I'm working hard on introducing a really green type of home in this
country known as an Earthship. It's a building that creates its own energy, heats and cools
itself, collects its own water and deals with its own waste. It's also built from recycled
materials. It doesn't need electricity or gas for heating, as it captures and stores energy by
using wind power, and solar panels on the roof charge up batteries which provide power.

Interviewer: Any disadvantages?

Daren Howarth: You have to change your lifestyle and keep an eye on changes in the
weather. There are thousands of examples around the world and there's a handbook on
sale that explains everything about it - you'll find the details on my website - and it's
something you can do for yourself - you don't have to employ someone to do the work for
you.

Interviewer: Well Daren thanks for telling us about carbon footprints and how we can
all .

Phần 2:
Part 1: A.
21.D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B

21. The service was slow and the bill was incorrect. I put it ______ _______ poor
management.
A. down for B. in by C. in for D. down to
Put sth down to= think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing
22. If you were giving a talk, would you want your colleagues in the audience rooting
______ you?
A. on B. up C. for D. out
root for someone/something=to express your support for the success of someone or
something:
23. A couple of boys were _____________ in the pool.
A. impinging on B. larking about C. ploughing ahead D. floating out
larking about= have fun by behaving in a silly way
plough ahead =to continue to do something in spite of opposition or difficulties
impinge on/upon sb/sth=have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting
it in some way:
24. We were ____________ the task of writing a report of the college´s games.
A. assigned to B. taken over C. run up D. saddled with
Saddle with = cause (someone or something) to have (a problem, burden, responsibility,
etc.
25. He didn´t use his position on the council to lord it ________ people.
A. over B. upon C. for D. on
lord it over someone=to behave as if you are more important than someone and have a
right to tell that person what to do
26. Anti-terrorist squad officers _________ the area to search for possible bombs.
A. sealed off B. set off C. come through D. split up
seal off=to prevent all approach to, or exit from, (an area)=vây chắn không cho vào
27. Two men who had _________ in the container were arrested when the police opened
it.
A. stowed away B. seen to C. broken off D. sat around
stow away=to hide on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle in order to escape from a place or to
travel without paying
28. As we were in an urgent need of syringes and other medical equipment, the aid
organization promised to deliver them the double.
A. with B. in C. at D. round
at/on the double=very quickly and without any delay
29. The secretary dashed ___________ the weekly report to his director
A. up B. off C. of D. for
dash sth off=to write something quickly, putting little effort into it:
30. I __________ an important deal yesterday and she was so thrilled!
A. came across B. mucked up C. shot down D. gunned for
muck sth up=to spoil something completely, or do something very badly

B.
31.B 32.C 33. A 34. D 35. C
36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C
31. There’s been a slight improvement in his heallth, but he’s not out of the _______ yet.
A. bush B. wood C. hand D. reach
Out of the wood = to no longer be in danger or difficulty
32. He’s unreliable at the best of times, but forgetting my birthday was the last _______.
A. drop B. breath C. straw D. despair
the last straw = giọt nước tràn ly
33. The government has been forced into a ________ after the revelation of a cover-up.
A. climbdown B. getaway C. outbreak D. breakout
Climdown = change your opinion or admit that you were wrong:
Make a getaway =tẩu thoát,trốn thoát
34. The workforce has been pared to the _______.
A. quick B. fruit C. ball D. bone
pare sth (down) to the bone= to reduce something to a level at which only what is
absolutely necessary is left
35. Once a major politician endorsed the young man’s candidacy, everyone ______ on the
bandwagon and started supporting him, too.
A. walked B. stepped C. jumped D. climbed
jump on the bandwagon: hùa theo

36. She now says she didn’t really want the job that she failed to get, but I think it’s just
________.
A. a cup of tea B. an act C. full of beans D. sour grapes
A cup of tea= người/điều gì mà mình yêu thích,là sở thích của bản thân
full of beans= tràn đầy năng lượng
sour grapes= If you describe someone's behaviour or opinion as sour grapes, you mean
that that person is angry because they have not got or achieved something that they
wanted
37. Be realistic! You can’t go through life looking at the world through _______.
A. rosed-coloured spectacles B. bright sights
C. magnificent spectacles D. green fingers
look at/see sth through rose-coloured/rose-tinted glasses=to see only the pleasant things
about a situation and not notice the things that are unpleasant
38. Those were the ethnic ___________ we put people in then.
A. dogholes B. pigeonholes C. boltholes D. foxholes
Pigeonholes= one of a set of small boxes, open at the front, in which letters and messages
are left for different people
put sth/sb in a pigeonhole=to form a very fixed, often wrong, opinion about what type of
person or thing someone or something is
39. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly ___________ this morning.
A. slow-witted B. far-reaching C. off-hand D. top-heavy
slow-witted=not clever and therefore slow to notice or understand things
Các từ đồng nghĩa
Far-reaching= ảnh hưởng sâu rộng
top-heavy=If something is top-heavy, it has more weight in the higher part than in the
lower part and will not balance correctly
offhand= without looking for information and without thinking carefully; immediately
40. Searching for one man in this city is like looking for a _________.
A. salt of the earth B. sand in the desert
C. needle in a haystack D. drop in the ocean
Look for a needle in a haystack= tìm kim đáy bể
salt of the earth= Cá nhân hoặc nhóm người được cho là tốt lành và cao thượng trong xã
hội.
'A drop in the ocean' = một giọt nước trong biển cả -> từ này chỉ việc làm rất nhỏ bé khi
đặt trong tổng thể; 'muối bỏ bể'.
Part 2:
1. preventing->prevention 6. secure -> security
2. acceptable-> accepted 7. shopping -> shops
3. payment -> paid 8. worthless -> worth
4. criminal -> crime 9. arrangement -> arranging
5. present - > presence 10. visible ->vision/visibility

Part 3: Read the text and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill in each blank.
Write your answers in the box below. (10 points)
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. D
A “biological annihilation” of wildlife in recent decades means a sixth mass extinction in
Earth’s history is under (1) ................... and is more severe than previously feared,
according to research. Scientists analysed both common and rare species and found
billions of regional or local populations have been lost.
They blame human overpopulation and overconsumption for the crisis and warn that it
threatens the survival of human civilisation, with just a short (2) ............... of time in
which to act. The study, published in the (3)................ journal Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, eschews the normally sober (4) ............. of scientific papers and
calls the (5) .................................. loss of wildlife a “biological annihilation” that (6)
................................ a “frightening assault on the foundations of human
civilisation”. Previous studies have shown species are becoming extinct at a significantly
faster rate than for millions of years before, but even so extinctions remain relatively rare
giving the impression of a gradual loss of biodiversity. The new work instead takes a
broader (7) ..........................., assessing many common species which are losing
populations all over the world as their ranges (8) ......................... , but remain
present elsewhere.
The scientists conclude: “The resulting biological annihilation obviously will have serious
ecological, economic and social consequences. Humanity will eventually pay a very high
price for the decimation of the only (9) ....................of life that we know of in the
universe.”
They say, while action to halt the decline remains possible, the (10) ........... do not look
good: “All signs point to ever more powerful assaults on biodiversity in the next two
decades, painting a dismal picture of the future of life, including human life.”

1.A. Route B.process C. Fire D.way

Be under way = have started to happen or be done// have started to move or travel
somewhere
2.A. Door B.passage C.window D.tunnel
a short window of time= trong khoảng thời gian ngắn
3.A. co-reviewed B peer-reviewed C.joint-reviewed D. over –reviewed
peer-reviewed= having been read and checked by another scientist or expert working in
the same subject area
4.A. Flow B. Tone C. Aura D. voice
Aura= a feeling or character that a person or place seems to have
5.A. Gigantic B. colossal C. Massive D. tremendous
massive loss= thiệt hại ,mất mát lớn
6.A. Represents B.conveys C.demonstrates D. displays
7.A. Vision B.view C. Point D. look
take a broad view=có tầm nhìn rộng
8.A. Reduce B.shrink C.shorten D.contract
Shrink = become smaller, or to make something smaller
9.A. Assemble B.assemblage C. Abbreviation B. Accumulation
assemblage =a collection of things or a group of people or animals:
10.A. chances B.likelihood C.probabilities D.prospects
Prospects= the possibility that something good might happen in the future
 Part 4: Fill in each numbered blank with a suitable word to complete the following
text. Write your answers in the box below. (15 points)

1. inhabitants 2. eruption 3. take 4. imminent 5. volcanic

6. exactly 7. covered 8. everyday / 9. thriving / 10. tragedy
daily prosperous

Part 5. (10 points)

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears
earliest in life. Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons.
Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well- designed instructional regime, such
as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have the good fortune to be born into a musical
family in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting cases, musical talent is
part of an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A musically
gifted child has an inborn talent; however, the extent to which the talent is expressed
publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music,
including pitch and rhythm. Pitch – or melody –is more central in certain cultures, for
example, in Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter – tone intervals. Rhythm,
sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed
system, is emphasized in sub – Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very
complex.
All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal
children sing as well as babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sound
patterns. Infants as young as two months can match their mother’s songs in pitch,
loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match rythmic structure as
well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these core aspects of music, and they
can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.
Individual differences begin to emerge in young children as they learn to sing.
Some children can match large segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many
others can only approximate pitch at this age and may still have difficulty in producing
accurate melodies by the age of five or six. However, by the time they reach school age,
most children in any culture have a schema of what a song should be like and can produce
a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs commonly heard in their environment.
The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children provides
evidence that musical talent may be a separate and unique form of intelligence. There are
numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable “ear” or extraordinary memory for
music and natural understanding of musical structure. In many of these cases, the child is
average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in music. Even the most
gifted child, however, takes about ten years to achieve the levels of performance or
composition that would constitute mastery of the musical sphere.
Every generation in music history has had its famous prodigies – individuals with
exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century,
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began composing and performing at the age of six. As a child,
Mozart could play the piano like an adult. He had perfect pitch, and at age nine he was
also a master of the art of modulation – transitions from one key to another – which
became one of the hallmarks of his style. By the age of eleven, he had composed three
symphonies and 30 other major works. Mozart’s well- developed talent was preserved
into adulthood.
Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as
autism. In one case, an autistic girl was able to play “Happy birthday” in the style of
various composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert. When the girl was
three, her mother called her by playing incomplete melodies, which the child would
complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave. For the autistic child, music may
be the primary mode of communication, and the child may cling to music because it
represents a haven in a world that is largely confusing and frightening.

1,The word “precocity” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to__________

A,strong interest B. good luck C. advanced skill D. personal style
precocity: sự phát triển sớm= advanced skil: kỹ năng vượt bậc
A: niềm đam mê mãnh liệt
B: sự may mắn
D,phong cách cá nhân
2,The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm __________
.
A,distinguish music from other art forms B. vary in emphasis in different cultures
C. make music difficult to learn D. express different human emotions
Clue:Para 2: Pitch – or melody –is more central in certain cultures, for example, in
Eastern societies that make use of tiny quarter – tone intervals. Rhythm, sounds
produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped according to a prescribed system,
is emphasized in sub – Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be very complex.
( Cao độ - hay giai điệu - là chủ yếu ,chiếm phần lớn trong các nền văn hóa nhất định,
ví dụ, trong các xã hội phương Đông sử dụng một phần tư các khoảng thời gian giai
điệu . Nhịp điệu, âm thanh được tạo ra ở các tần số thính giác nhất định và được nhóm
lại theo một hệ thống quy định, được nhấn mạnh ở châu Phi cận Sahara, nơi tỷ lệ nhịp
điệu có thể rất phức tạp.) -> Theo tác giả,dộ cao thấp và nhip điệu ở những nền văn
hóa khác nhau sẽ được nhấn mạnh khác nhau

A,Phân biệt âm nhạc vs các loại hình nghệ thuật khác

C,khiến âm nhac khó để học
D,thể hiện những cảm xúc khác nhau của con người

3. The word “predisposed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. inclined B. gifted C. pushed D. amused
Predisposed = inclined : có khuynh hướng
4. According to the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?
A. when infants start to babble and produce sound patterns
B. between the ages of two and four months
C. when children learn to sing at two or three years old
D. between ten years old and adolescence
Thông tin câu 2 đoạn 4: Some children can match large segments of a song by the age of
two or three.( Một vài đứa trẻ có thể kết hợp các phần lớn của 1 bài hát khi chúng 2 hc 3
tuổi)

A,khi trẻ em bắt đầu bập bẹ và bắt đầu tập nói

B, Khoảng giữa 2-4 tháng tuổi
D,từ 10 tuổi đến khi thanh niên
5. According to the passage, which of the following suggests that musical talent is a
separate form of intelligent?
A. exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child
B. recognition of the emotional power of music
C. the ability of all babies to acquire core elements of music
D. differences between learning music and learning language
Clue : In many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but displays an
exceptional ability in music
Tài năng âm nhạc là 1 hình thái tách biệt của sự thông minh,điều này đc thể hiện khi tài
năng âm nhạc xuất chúng xuất hiện ở đứa trẻ bình thường khác
6. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?
A. To compare past and present views of musical talent
B. To give an example of a well-known musical prodigy
C. To list musical accomplishments of the eighteenth century
D. To describe the development of individual musical skill
Clue: Every generation in music history has had its famous prodigies – individuals with
exceptional musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century,
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began composing and performing at the age of six
(Mỗi thế hệ trong lịch sử âm nhạc đều có những thần đồng nổi tiếng - những cá nhân có
năng lực âm nhạc đặc biệt xuất hiện khi còn nhỏ. Vào thế kỷ thứ mười tám, Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart bắt đầu sáng tác và biểu diễn khi 6 tuổi)

-> tác giả đề cập đến Mozart ddeer đưa ra VD về 1 thần đồng âm nhạc nổi tiếng
7. In music, the change from one key to another is known as __________.
A. rhythm B. prodigy C. perfect pitch D. modulation
Clue: He had perfect pitch, and at age nine he was also a master of the art of modulation –
transitions from one key to another
Modulation: sự chuyển giọng (từ 1 phím này sang phím khác )
8. All of the following are given as examples of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT
__________.
A. a remarkable “ear” or perfect memory for music
B. ability to compose major works at a young age
C. appreciation for a wide variety of musical styles
D. playing a single song in the style of various composers

Clue –
There are numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable “ear” or extraordinary
memory for music and natural understanding of musical structure ->A

- By the age of eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works->B

-Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In

one case, an autistic girl was able to play “Happy birthday” in the style of various
composers, including Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert ->D

9. The word “haven” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. beautiful art B. safe place C. personal goal D. single problem
Haven : nơi ẩn náu,trú ẩn =safe place
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical
ability?
A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others.
B. It is evidence of a superior level of intelligence in other areas.
C. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.
D. It is the result of natural talent and a supportive environment.
Clue:
A musically gifted child has an inborn talent; however, the extent to which the talent is
expressed publicly will depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
(Một đứa trẻ có năng khiếu âm nhạc có năng khiếu bẩm sinh; tuy nhiên, mức độ tài năng
được thể hiện công khai sẽ phụ thuộc vào môi trường mà đứa trẻ đó sống.) thông tin câu
cuối đoạn 1
->tài năng âm nhạc phi thường là kết uqar của tài năng bẩm sinh và sự hỗ trợ của môi
trường

Part 6. (15 points)

86. iv 87. vii 88. xiv 89. viii 90. ii 91. ix 92. xii
93. source of 94. dangerous pastime 95. minimize/ minimise personal success
harm
List of Headings
i Breastfeeding and envy
ii A victim of envy
iii A global remedy for envy
iv What is envy?
v The Evil Eye in Europe
vi Sharing success
vii No grounds for envy
viii Envy and illness
ix Envy where resources are limited
x The Swahili in Africa
xi The work of social scientists
xii Envy in relation to other emotions
xiii A dictionary definition of envy
xiv A universal phenomenon
xv Envy in poor societies

ENVY WITHOUT REASON?

A iv What is envy?
Do you come from a culture which places emphasis on the emotion of envy? Without a
doubt, envy is something that we all feel at some time in our lives. The Concise Oxford
Dictionary lists envy as ‘resentful or admiring contemplation of more fortunate person’.
Instead of sharing in the joy of a new job, car or party dress, a friend either pretends
she or he has not noticed the fantastic new BMW or says ‘Mercedes are better’. But
does it matter? Từ điển Oxford ngắn gọn liệt kê ghen tị là "sự phẫn uất hoặc ngưỡng mộ
khi chiêm ngưỡng người may mắn hơn". Thay vì chia sẻ niềm vui với một công việc mới,
chiếc xe hơi hoặc chiếc váy dự tiệc, một người bạn hoặc giả vờ rằng cô ấy hoặc anh ấy
không nhận ra chiếc BMW mới tuyệt vời hoặc nói rằng "Mercedes còn tốt hơn In many
parts of the world, the personal satisfaction felt by those who prosper is tinged with
concerns about the ill-will which success provokes in friends, and even family
members. Envy becomes something to be feared, for it may have the power to cause harm.
 Ghen tỵ là gì
B vii No grounds for envy
The Swahili people of Coastal East Africa take envy very seriously. They frequently feel
the need to hide or minimise personal success. Hence, boasting can be a dangerous
pastime. Envy emanates from neighbours, friends and family. After all, a stranger does not
care if you have managed to replace your thatched roof with corrugated iron. But those
Swahili who have struggled to build houses which are a little better than their
neighbours often paint on the front of their houses the slogan, hasidi hana sababu: this
means ‘envy without reason’. The slogan seems to be a forlorn attempt to remind
neighbours and any envious passers-by that the apparent good fortune indicated by a
superior house has been earned. The message is that there is no reason for envy, and
that those harbouring ill-will should control their feelings
. Thông điệp là không có lý do gì để ghen tị và những người đang nuôi dưỡng ác ý nên
kiểm soát cảm xúc của mình..The successful are pleading to be allowed to succeed.
 Ghen tỵ vô căn cứ
C xiv A universal phenomenon
In Swahili culture, and many others, envy emanates from the eye of the beholder. The Evil
Eye, as a source of harm to those who fall under its gaze, is reported throughout much of
the world. Indeed, according to Brian Spooner, an expert on the various ways used to keep
envy at bay, the idea of the Evil Eye is so widespread that it can be regarded as a universal
phenomenon. Evil Eye, như một nguồn gây hại cho những ai bị nó soi mói, được báo cáo
khắp nơi trên thế giới. Thật vậy, theo Brian Spooner, một chuyên gia về những cách khác
nhau được sử dụng để ngăn chặn lòng đố kỵ, ý tưởng về Con mắt ác lan rộng đến mức nó
có thể được coi là một hiện tượng phổ biến In the parts of Europe that border the
Mediterranean, in the Middle East and North Africa, the wearing of pendants depicting one
large eye is a popular way of repelling envy.
 Một hiện tượng phổ biến
D viii Envy and illness
Ideas about the Evil Eye moved from the Mediterranean to the New World of America.
Atwood Gaines has traced the origin of beliefs about the Evil Eye as a cause of
sickness from Spain to Mexico, Haiti and Puerto Rica. The illnesses caused by the Evil
Eye are given specific names such as gusto. In such cases, the Evil Eye is suspected after
an illness or misfortune has already occurred. Atwood Gaines đã lần ra nguồn gốc của
niềm tin về Con mắt ác là nguyên nhân gây ra bệnh tật từ Tây Ban Nha đến Mexico, Haiti
và Puerto Rica. Những căn bệnh do Ác Nhãn gây ra được đặt những cái tên cụ thể như
gusto. Trong những trường hợp như vậy, Evil Eye được nghi ngờ là sau khi bệnh tật hoặc
điều không may đã xảy ra.
E ii A victim of envy
Marcia Inkhorn has written about the Evil Eye in Egypt. There, women may attribute
infertility and other health problems to the envy of neighbours or friends. But in the
Middle East, as elsewhere, envy can occur in many settings. Marcia Inkhorn đã viết về Evil
Eye ở Ai Cập. Ở đó, phụ nữ có thể quy vô sinh và các vấn đề sức khỏe khác là do hàng
xóm hoặc bạn bè ghen tị. Nhưng ở Trung Đông, cũng như những nơi khác, sự đố kỵ có thể
xảy ra trong nhiều bối cảnh. Hence, at the end of an important meeting to discuss a
research study, the head of the project noticed that her best silk suit had white marks on
both the jacket and skirt. It was ruined. She worked out that after the sumptuous lunch,
which had preceded the meeting, the table had been cleaned with bleach. She had then
brushed against the table. Nobody else’s clothes were damaged. Her Palestinian colleague
suggested that envy, harbored by an unknown acquaintance, had ruined her suit. The
grounds for envy were either her beautiful clothes or her powerful position within the
research team. Không có ai khác bị hư hỏng quần áo. Đồng nghiệp người Palestine của cô
cho rằng sự đố kỵ, nuôi dưỡng bởi một người quen không quen biết, đã làm hỏng bộ đồ
của cô. Cơ sở cho sự ghen tị là quần áo đẹp của cô ấy hoặc vị trí quyền lực của cô ấy trong
nhóm nghiên cứu.
 Nạn nhân của lòng đố kỵ
F ix Envy where resources are limited
Some social scientists argue that envy is widespread in societies where resources are
scarce and one person’s gain is considered another’s loss. The reasoning behind this
theory of envy is that, when people are poor and in competition with each other, they
believe that there is not enough good food, good fortune or good jobs to go around.
Một số nhà khoa học xã hội lập luận rằng lòng đố kỵ phổ biến trong các xã hội khan hiếm
tài nguyên và lợi ích của một người được coi là mất mát của người khác. Lý do đằng sau lý
thuyết về sự đố kỵ này là khi mọi người nghèo và cạnh tranh với nhau, họ tin rằng không
có đủ thức ăn ngon, vận may hoặc công việc tốt để đi xung quanh.
G M Foster studied peasant society in Latin America and propounded ‘the image of
limited good’. According to his theory, when somebody from a family or village
prospers, they use up part of a stock of limited good and reduce the chances of the
success of others. Foster sees the ‘image of limited good’ as operating in peasant
societies where people know and compete with each other in adverse economic
conditions. However, the theory may hold good for many other social and economic
contexts. Take scholarships, for example. There are only so many to go round. If you’re
best friend gets the scholarship, your chances of getting one too may be greatly reduced.
 Đố kỵ nơi nguồn lực có hạn
G xii Envy in relation to other emotions
Western psychoanalysts have also studied envy. Melanie Klein sees envy as an emotion
felt by the breastfeeding infant towards its mother’s breast. Although the infant feels love
and gratitude towards its mother, it also wants the goodness of the milk for itself
Các nhà phân tâm học phương Tây cũng đã nghiên cứu về sự đố kỵ. Melanie Klein coi sự
ghen tị là cảm xúc của đứa trẻ bú mẹ đối với vú mẹ của nó. Mặc dù trẻ sơ sinh cảm thấy
yêu thương và biết ơn mẹ của mình, nhưng nó cũng muốn sữa tốt cho mình.
. Some of these scholars, unlike everyday speakers of English, are careful to distinguish
between envy and jealousy. Swahili people make the same distinction. Jealousy is a
triangular relationship. For example, two friends spend all their free time together until one
takes a lover. The neglected friend grows jealous of the affection lavished on the new
lover. When there is jealousy, three people are involved. Envy, on the other hand, is more
straightforward: one person envies another’s achievement, quality or possession. While
most English people do not take envy seriously, it remains a matter of concern to people
worldwide. It makes ambition and the pursuit of success more difficult, and some
would say, dangerous. Many seek ways to avoid falling victim to envy. How do you deal
with it?
 Ghen tỵ liên quan đến những cảm xúc khác
Part 7. (10 points)
47 C. Last but one sentence: ‘… there will be readers who fail to make it past the first
couple of chapters.’

48 D. In sentence six of this paragraph, the book is called to be of ‘antiself-help self-help’

genre. This genre is mentioned to be ‘swelling’, or increasing
.
49 B. Last sentence of Paragraph B poses a question of usefulness of the information in
the book

50 A. At the beginning of the paragraph the ‘insights that may never have been expressed
quite like this before’ are mentioned, that seem to be quite usefu
l.
51 D. Sentences four and five on the classical self-help book approach: ‘Many self-help
books these days would shout ‘Yes!’ Oliver Burkeman isn’t so sure.’

52 C. Second sentence of this paragraph says that if the book turns out to be successful,
then we are going to be in a ‘glut of writing’ of similar books. A glut is an excessive
amount of something, much more than is actually required.

53 D. At the end of the paragraph the previous book by the same author is said to be
separated into short parts, whereas his more recent one is much more detailed.
54 B. The middle of the paragraph complains how the argument in the book ‘seems to
bounce from place to place’. It is also mentioned, that the contents of the book are
‘atomised’, or haven’t got any connection between its elements.

55 D. The middle of the paragraph focuses on how this book takes a different approach,
without promising us to live a trouble-free, happy lives, but instead to change our
perception of things.

56 A. Last but one sentence complains about the book being at times a bit frustrating to
read because of its content’s complexity.

Part 8:
11. ……a blot on the landscape……
a blot on the landscape: (thứ, điều) làm mất cảnh đẹp.
12. …… would do wonders for the way ……
Do wonders for : cause improvements or have a very good effect
13. …… remains to be seen whether there ……
remains to be seen: to not be exactly known or decided
14…… to technical knowledge, I am no match ……
Be no match for : nghĩa là kém cỏi, không đủ tốt như ai/điều gì, hoặc không đủ năng
lực/tài năng để làm gì.
15. ……didn’t put Anthony off in the……
Put sb off: take someone's attention away from what they want to be doing or should be
doing
16. Don’t think the police are going to get/ let you off the hook so quickly
Let sb off the hook: tha,không phạt ai và thả cho đi
17. I can’t put my finger on the reason but I don’t trust him
put my finger on: tìm hiểu để biết chắc chắn.
18. Being her only niece, Ann is the apple of her eyes.
Be the apple of her eyes: những người thật sự quan trọng đối với bạn.
19. She gave Arthur a ticking-off
Give sb a ticking-off: speak angrily to them because they have done something wrong
20. Graham sang a different tune when noticing there were fresh strawberries on the
menu.
Sing a diferent tune : thay đổi cách nói/ cách suy nghĩ về một chuyện nào đó