Lecture 2 - Computer Aided Design

Computer
AidedDesign
Computer AidedDesign
HISTORY
01 Historical Perspective of CAD
PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESS

02 Product Design and CAD
SOFTWARE & HARDWARE

03 CAD software and hardware requirements
GRAPHICS
04 CAD Graphics and Transformations
CA
D
HISTORY
PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESS
An iterative process consisting of six phases.
1. Realization that a problem exists.

2. Specification of the problem on the existing
product, or specification of the new product
to be designed.
3. Develop alternative designs to address the
problem, or meet the requirements.
4. Analyze all alternative design and choose
the optimum solution.
5. Develop a prototype and evaluate its
performance, quality, reliability, and other
aspects of the product through experiment.
6. The product is presented after it passed the
evaluation stage.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN(CAD)
Any design activity that involves
effective use of computer systems to
create, modify, analyze, optimize,
and document an engineering
design.
Most commonly associated with
the use of computer graphics
system, referred to as a CAD
system.
CAD/CAM is also used if the

system includes manufacturing
applications, and design
applications.
Can facilitate four of the design

phases.
THE DESIGN PROCESS USING COMPUTER -AIDED DESIGN
Geometric Modeling - involves the use of CAD system to
develop a mathematical description of the geometry of an
object.
Engineering Analysis - software for engineering analysis on a

CAD system greatly increases the designer’s ability and
willingness to perform a more thorough analysis of a
proposed design.
Design Review and Evaluation - Engineers have developed

several new approaches that rely on the use of the geometric
model of the product residing in the CAD data file. Two of
these approaches are rapid prototyping and virtual
prototyping.
Automated Drafting - CAD systems can be used to prepare

highly accurate engineering drawings, and is also estimated
to increase productivity in the drafting function by about
fivefold over manual preparation of drawings.
Software
● Used when creating industrial materials such as
mechanical objects, mostly 3D figures
● Has been used in film animations and video
games to make organic designs.
● designed to be a technical tool with functions in
industrial design, mechanical design, and
architecture
CATI
A
● Innovates product design and experience by integrating various

approaches in product design and development
● very useful for industrial and creative designers, mechanical
engineers, and systems architects
AutoCAD
● one of the first CAD software to be released on the market in

1982
● Ideal for 2D drafting, but not the easiest in 3D modeling
● Aimed at professionals with experience in programming
models algorithmically.
BlocksCAD
● commands for the development of the objects and their

transformations are represented by colour blocks
● specifically created for educational purposes, professionals
later can use OpenSCAD
FreeCAD
● completely free parametric 3D modeling tool that is open-

source and enables you to design real-life objects of any size
● Good training tool, not for professional use.
● Good for students who don’t have experience with CAD
TinkerCAD
● intuitive block-building concept, allowing you to develop models from a

set of basic shapes
● Has a library of millions of files that users can find shapes that suit
best for the project they are making
● A simple program that have limitations for some designs.
● Aimed for users with no experience at all in 3D printing and modelling.
Hardware
● Consists of two components
○ Input
■ Used to transfer information from Human or Storage
Medium to computer
■ Examples : Keyboard, Graphics Tablet, Light Pen,
Joystick and Mouse, etc.
○ Output
■ A machine that can produce whatever that is made in the
software
■ Examples : Hard Copy Unit, Printer, 3D Printer, Plotter,
Videotape, Computer Output Microfilm (COM),
Computer- Aided Manufacturing (CAM), etc.
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics is an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc using
computers with the help of programming. Computer graphics is made up of
number of pixels.
ComputerGraphics
Interactive Non-interactive
Non-Interactive Computer Graphics
otherwise known as passive
Interactive Computer Graphics computer graphics.
Interactive Computer Graphics require
two-way communication between the User does not have any kind of control
computer and the user. over the image.
User can see the image and make any Image is merely the product of static
change by sending his command with stored program and will work
an input device according to the instructions given in
the program linearly.
Computer Graphics:CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
is a computer interactive graphics system equipped with
software to accomplish certain tasks in design and
manufacturing and to integrate the design and manufacturing
functions.
Numerical Control Programming

used to facilitate the part programming task.In this method
the programmer works on a CAD/CAM workstation to enter
the machining commands.
Transformation in ComputerGraphics
Transformation is a process of modifying and re-positioning the existing graphics.
Types ofTransformation
Geometric Coordinate
Geometric transformations assume Coordinate transformations assume
that the object is transformed and the that the coordinate system changes
coordinate system is fixed. and the object is fixed.
Example: Moving the automobile while Example: We can keep the car
keeping the background fixed fixed while moving the background
scenery
Transformation Techniques
01 Translation - a process of moving an object from on e position to

another
02 Rotation -a process of rotating an object with respec t to an angle.
03 Scaling - scaling is a process of modifying or altering the size of

objects
04 Reflection - kind of rotation where the angle of rotation is 180

degree.
05 Shear - is an ideal technique to change the shape of an existing

object

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Computer

PRODUCT DESIGN PROCESS

SOFTWARE & HARDWARE

1. Realization that a problem exists.

CAD/CAM is also used if the

Can facilitate four of the design

Engineering Analysis - software for engineering analysis on a

Design Review and Evaluation - Engineers have developed

Automated Drafting - CAD systems can be used to prepare

● Innovates product design and experience by integrating various

● one of the first CAD software to be released on the market in

● commands for the development of the objects and their

● completely free parametric 3D modeling tool that is open-

● intuitive block-building concept, allowing you to develop models from a

Numerical Control Programming

01 Translation - a process of moving an object from on e position to

02 Rotation -a process of rotating an object with respec t to an angle.

03 Scaling - scaling is a process of modifying or altering the size of

04 Reflection - kind of rotation where the angle of rotation is 180

05 Shear - is an ideal technique to change the shape of an existing

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