Mapeh Reviewer

MUSIC:`

Contemporary Philippine Music - refers to compositions that have adopted

ideas and elements from twentieth century art music in the West, as well as the
latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry.

Traditional Filipino Music - may be classified such as to glorify the beauty of

nature, courtship music, or welcome songs.

3 Main characteristics of Traditional Philippines Music:

Cantata form - is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment
and often contains more than one movement.
Acapella form - is a vocal composition without instrumental
accompaniment.
Sonata form - is used – a composition for one or more solo instruments, one
of which is usually a keyboard instrument, and usually consisting of three or
four independent movements varying in key, mood, and tempo.

20TH CENTURY TRADITIONAL FILIPINO COMPOSERS AND THEIR

WORKS:
Antonio J. Molina (1894 – 1980)
A product of both Romantic and Impressionist style, and known as the “Father of
Philippine Impressionist Music”. Fascinated by the dynamics and harmonies of
Debussy, but retained much of the Romantic style in his melody.

Hilarion F. Rubio (1902 – 1985) - Born: October 21, 1902 - Died: December 28,
1985 Compositions: Unang Katas, Bulaklaken, Theme and Variation for Band,
Ang Magsasaka, Bukang Liwayway, Filipinas kong Mahal, Hantulan Mo Ako,
Ginintuang Araw, Mutya ng Silangan, Light Narra
 - A composer, music teacher, conductor, and clarinetist. His name was closely
identified with his works for the orchestra; as a conductor of opera, ballet,
and dance recitals; and his music for movies.

Col. Antonino R. Buenaventura (1904 – 1996) - Born: May 4, 1904 Died:

January 25, 1996 Father: Lucio Buenaventura Compositions: Pandanggo sa Ilaw,
Prinsesa ng Kumintang, Pandanggo ni Neneng
- He recorded folk and dance music around the country. He restored the
Philippine Constabulary Band in 1945, which is considered “one of the best
military bands in the world”. Declared National Artist for Music in 1988.

Rodolfo S. Cornejo (1909 -1991) - Born: May 15, 1909 - Died: August 11, 1991
Compositions: A la Juventud Filipina, Ibong Adarna, Kandingan, Kaluwalhatian,
Malakas at Maganda overture, Okaka
- He served as pianist-director of a USO concert unit that entertained the
Allied Forces during World War II. He later became the soloist of several
orchestras, and eventually the musical director of the Sampaguita and
VeraPerez movie companies.

Rosendo E. Santos Jr. (1922 – 1994) - Born: September 3, 1922 Died: November
4, 1994 Compositions: Inday sa Balitaw, Melinda’s Masquerade
- A prolific composer whose works include concerti, sonatas, symphonies,
symphonic poems, five operas in a Philippine dialect, numerous band
overtures, and over 200 marches. He also wrote 50 masses in Latin and 20 in
English.
Alfredo S. Buenaventura (born 1929) - Born: October ber 14, 1929
Compositions: Prinsesa Urduha, Diego Silang, Maria Makiling, Ang Ating
Watawat, Pasko ng Barangay, Dakilang Lahi, Pilipinas, Gomburza
- His compositions combine contemporary and conventional styles, and
contain melodies that are simple and understandable, while using
contemporary harmonies that enhance their complexity.
Francisco B. Buencamino Sr. (November 5, 1833 - October 16, 1952) -
Established the Centro Escolar de Senoritas and Conservatory of Music and
Buencamino Music Academy in 1930, renowned for his piano works, and also
ventured into film scoring and musical direction.
- Compositions: Harana, Pandanggo ni Neneng, Collar de Sampaguita, Dulces
las Horas, Mayon (Fantasia de Concierto), Princesa ng Kumintang,
Maligayang Bati and Himig ng Nayon.

Nicanor S. Abelardo (Born: February 7, 1893 - Died: March 21, 1934) - A

20th-century modern composer, also known in Romantic style, is credited with the
establishment of the Tanghalang Nicanor Abelardo and Abelardo Hall at the UP
College of Music.
- Compositions: Mutya ng Pasig, Nasaan ka Irog, Cavatina for Violoncello,
U.P Naming Mahal, Cinderella Overture, Panorama

Francisco S. Santiago (Born: January 29, 1889 Died: September 28, 1947) -
“Father of the Kundiman” and belongs to the “Triumvirate of the Filipino
Composers”. His music was Romantic in style, incorporating Western forms and
techniques with folk materials
- Compositions: Pakiusap, Madaling Araw, Sakali Man, Hibik ng Pilipinas,
Ano Kaya ang Kapalaran, Kundiman (Anak Dalita and Himutok)
-
Felipe P. De Leon Sr - (Born: May 1, 1912 - Died: December 5, 1992 ) - A
nationalist composer, he embodied the cultural identity of the Philippines through
his diverse compositions, including piano, hymns, marches, art songs, chamber
music, symphonic poems, and operas.
- Compositions: Bulaklak Alitaptap, Bagong Lipunan, Payapang Daigdig,
Pasko na Naman, Noche Buena, Kay Tamis ng Buhay, Sapagkat Mahal Kita

Lucio D. San Pedro (Born: February 11, 1913 Died: March 31, 2002) -
Romantic nationalist, blending Philippine folk with Western harmony, declared
National Artist for Music in 1991. His rich expressive tonality in his music is a
testament to his artistic vision.
- Compositions: Ugoy ng Duyan, Suite Pastorale, and Lahing kayumanggi
Raymundo Cipriano “Ryan” P. Cayabyab (Born: May 4, 1954) - A
contemporary composer and conductor, renowned for his diverse musical genres,
including pop, ballads, operas, zarzuelas, orchestral arrangements, masses, psalms,
and choral compositions, largely influenced by Western styles.
- Compositions: Misa, Four Poems for Soprano and Piano, Te Deum, Kay
Ganda ng Ating Musika, Limang Dipang Tao, Alikabok and
Kumukuti-kutitap

ARTS:

Photography - is the art and science of producing long-lasting images by

recording light or electromagnetic radiation through an image sensor or
light-sensitive materials like photographic film.

The word photography comes from two Greek words “photos” meaning light and
“graphos” meaning writing.

Two typical characteristics of Photography:

1. Immediacy- is seen in ‘true to life” and ‘of the moment’.
2. Detail- the camera takes in every detail of an image.

Noteworthy Philippine Photographers:

George Tapan - An award-winning travel photographer.
- 2 Gold in Pacific Asia Tourism Association
- Gold in ASEAN Tourism Association
- First place in the 2011 National Geographic Photo Contest
1
Into the Green Zone - 1st place-winning image in the 2011 National Geographic
Photo Contest

John K. Chua - An advertising and commercial photographer. \

- Adphoto is one of his first studios in the country that use digital
photography.
 - He founded the foundation called Photography with a Difference. (PWD)
that gives free workshops to children with special needs.

Famous Photograph: Gulp of Davao, Snake Island

Manny Librodo - Was a full-time teacher at an international school in Bangkok.

- His photograph is about glamour, fashion and travel portraiture.
- His photograph was regularly top online in competitions.
- He graced numerous UNICEF calendars, commercial work, international
magazines, and the covers of some of the world’s leading photography
publications (Asian Geographic and the Digital Photographer Magazine.)

Photographs: Tristeria - Liburnae, Dark Beauty

Film or Cinema - also known as “movies” or a “motion pictures”, is a series of

moving images shown on a screen, usually with sound, that make up a story.

Kinetoscope - A peepshow cabinet with an eyehole allowed viewing of early

movies, powered by a motor and an electric bulb, providing illumination from
beneath.

Film directing - It is the director, the film director works with ideas, images,
sounds, and other effects to create this unique piece of art.

Acting – an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation &

emulation, mime, and stage combat.

Cinematography - captured the director’s vision of each scene through camera

placement and movement, lighting, and other special techniques.

Editing - the art of selecting the precise sections of film, then sequencing and
joining them to achieve the director’s desired visual and emotional effect.
Production/Set design - The director is responsible for creating physical elements
such as location, scenery, sets, lighting, costumes, and props, while also
considering the director's mental image for each scene.

Animation - From the Latin word animatio (animo: to animate or give life to; and
atio: the act of) which means “the act of giving life.”
- The process involves creating the illusion of motion and shape change by
rapidly displaying a sequence of static images that minimally differ from
each other.

Animators are the ones who specialize in the creation of animation.

ORGANIZATIONS FOR ANIMATION IN THE PHILIPPINES:

Animation Council of the Philippines Inc. (ACPI)

- It aims to create an identity for the Philippines within the animation industry
- One of the preferred sources of animation service worldwide.

Philippine Animation Studio Inc. (PASI)

- Established in 1991 and has since collaborated on numerous animation
projects and series with foreign partners.

Philippine Animated Films:

Urduja (2008) Produced by: APT Entertainment
- An adaptation of the legend of the warrior princess from Pagsanjan, Laguna.

Dayo: Sa Mundo ng Elementalia (2008) Produced by: Cutting Edge

Productions
- "Philippines' First All-Digital Animated Feature Film"
- Features "Tra-Digital Animation."
- First animated movie screened at 34th Metro Manila Film Festival.
- Presents Philippine mythical creatures as heartwarming characters in a boy's
adventure
RPG Metanoia (2010) Co-produced by: Ambient Media, Thaumatrope
Animation, & Star Cinema
- The first Filipino full 3D-animated film

Print Media - Print media, including large-scale publications like newspapers,

magazines, and journals, as well as smaller-scale posters, brochures, flyers, and
menus, is a conventional form alongside digital media.

Advertising - relies heavily on print media, including newspapers, magazines,

posters, brochures, and flyers, with specialized approaches.

Book Design and Illustration - Young Filipino artists are thriving in book design
and illustration, thanks to progressive Philippine publishers like Bookmark, Anvil
Publishing, Adarna Books, and Ilaw ng Tahanan Publishing, showcasing their
talents.

Digital Media - Readers can now find, access, and enjoy these electronic books (or
“ebooks”) via digital media tablets, e-book readers and other handheld reading
devices
- Kobo is an e-book that features not only international but Philippine titles.
- Wattpad is a social media – based trendy publishing sites
- Flip reads provide access to the works of Filipino authors and publishers.

Komiks/Comic Book- A print media that highlights the artistic gifts of Filipinos.
- It is a publication that consists of art in the form of a sequential - panel that
represents individual scenes.

Tony Velasquez - (Father of Filipino Comics) Creator of Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy

Liwayway Magazines- A magazine that featured Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy in 1920
that made the komiks very popular reading - materials all over the Philippines

Filipino Comics Artists:

Mars Ravelo- Creator of Darna, Lastikman, Captain Barbel
Francisco Coching- Creator of Pedro Penduko, Hagibis.
Alfredo Alcala- Recruited to work in DC Comics
Jim Fernadez- Creator of Anak ni Zuma
Pol Medina Jr.- Creator of Pugad Baboy
Pugad Baboy- a comics series that commenting on current political and social -
issue in a humorous way

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN -This is a combination of art and science that involves

creative and analytical planning in product development, primarily encompassing
consumer products.
INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER - A person responsible for industrial design ensures a
product's aesthetic appeal, functionality, and ergonomics.
FASHION DESIGN - is responsible for creating clothes that balance aesthetics
and functionality.

3 TYPES OF FASHION DESIGN

1. Haute couture- are garments designed and created for a single client.
2. Mass market- these are mass-produced garments that are manufactured in large
quantities and come in different sizes.
3. Pret-a-porter - known as “ready-to-wear” made with a limited number of
quantities.

ERGONOMICS - This discipline involves designing products based on human

measurements for comfort and requires training and schooling.

KENNETH COBONPUE
- Designer Known for Indigenous Materials

MONIQUE LHUILLIER
- Known for pret-a-porter dresses and bridal gowns.

JOSIE NATORI (Josefina Almeda Cruz Natori)

- "Dskilled Businesswoman and First Female Vice President of Merril Lynch"

RAJO LAUREL ( Raymund Joseph Teves Laurel)

- Co-pioneered in Rag2Riches social enterprise.
LULU TAN GAN
- "Queen of Knitwear"
- Develops aesthetics design with hand-woven "Indigenous Couture."

DITA SANDICO-ONG
- "Wrap Artiste of the Philippines"

PHYSICAL EDUCATION:
Street dance is a social, improvisational dance style performed in various spaces,
encouraging interaction with spectators and other dancers, often performed outside
of dance studios.

Hip-hop, originating in the Bronx in the 1970s, is a cultural movement influenced

by African Americans and Latin Americans, encompassing DJ-ing, rapping,
breakdancing, and graffiti art.

STREET AND HIP-HOP DANCE STYLES:

B-boying or breaking - is a street dance style originated in New York City in the
early 1970s, originating from Black and Puerto Rican youths, and is often referred
to as breakdance.

Four Movements:
Toprock footwork - oriented steps performed while standing up
Downrock - footwork performed with both hands and feet on the floor
Freezes - stylish poses done on your hands
Power moves - comprise full-body spins and rotations that give the illusion of
defying gravity
Popping - was popularized by Samuel Boogaloo Sam Solomon and his crew the
Electric Boogaloos. It is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing
muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer’s body.

Locking -
Popping locking oneself into a position, and continuing at the same speed.

Krumping - a free, expressive, and energetic dance style from the South Central
Los Angeles community, has been linked to a decrease in gang riots in the United
States.

Tutting - is a creative dance style originating from Ancient Egyptian positions,

practiced by young funk dancers. It involves creating geometric shapes using body
parts, with Mark Benson being a renowned pioneer.

Shuffling - The Melbourne Shuffle, a rave and club dance, originated in the late
1980s in Melbourne, Australia. It features fast heel and toe movements suitable for
electronic music and some arm movements, and is often referred to as rockers.

Waacking - an African American street dance from the 1970s disco era, features
stylized posing and fast arm movements, now a popular element in hip hop dance.

HEALTH:

Global health is the goal of enhancing health for all people by encouraging
wellness and putting an end to avoidable disease, disability, and death.

The major objective of global health is to have universal access to health guiding
principles and health equity among nations and for all people.

Global Health Initiatives (GHI) are programs and projects which help tackle
global health issues, concerns, and trends.
Global health initiatives were set to address increasing global health threats,
reduce inequality within communities and between nations and contribute to a
world where people live healthier, safer, and longer lives.

GHIs are humanitarian work that seek to provide high quality healthcare in
collaboration with local partners to reinforce health systems in developing
countries and work together to give health care education and medical services to
those in need.

EXAMPLE OF GHIs

● President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),

● Global Fund to Fight AIDS
● Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund),
● World Bank's Multi-country AIDS Programme (MAP).

Global Health Initiatives undertaken in response some of the health concerns

worldwide.

The Global Fight Against Communicable Diseases

- Roll Back Malaria Is an initiative aims to reduce the number of deaths from
malaria infection through heightened prevention tools, rapid response to
outbreaks, development of new anti-malarial products, and effective
treatment of the infections. Stop TB is a global effort to prevent further
transmission of tuberculosis or TB around the world.

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

- It is a global strategy which aims to strengthen children's immunization
programs and introduce new generation of licensed vaccines into use in
developing countries across the globe.

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria.

- It helps in the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of the negative impacts
of the three diseases to humanity which contributes to the fulfillment of the
Millennium Development Goals.
Global Prevention and Control of Tobacco and Alcohol Use
- The WHO FCTC came into existence in reaction to the global epidemic of
tobacco use and abuse.

Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol

- It recognizes the close ties between the harmful use of alcohol and the
socio-economic development of a nation.

Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable

Diseases.
- This is a global action plan to prevent and control the following
non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes
and the four shared risk factors: unhealthy eating, physical inactivity,
tobacco use and alcohol use.

Global Initiative for Mental Health

- The "Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020" is the result of
extensive research and consultations by stakeholders, member-nations,
academic and non-government centers across the globe. The mental health
action plan should be impartial, life-based, and preventive in nature.