MASINDE MULIRO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING.

NAME: GILBERT SHADRACK ODHIAMBO

REG NO. EET/B/01-02607/2021

COURSE CODE TEC 490

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DECLARATION
This project report is my original work and has not been submitted for the award of a degree in
any university or any other institution of higher learning.
Gilbert Shadrack Odhiambo.
Reg No. EET/B/01-02607/2021.
Signature……………………………..…………
Date……………………………………………

CERTIFICATION
This to confirm that the above student carried out the project as detailed in this written up under
my supervision.
Signed…………………………
Date……………………………………

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DEDICATION
I dedicate this project report to:
The Almighty God for granting us the strength and good health during the period of this study.
My Siblings for their undying support and relentless providence as I undertake my studies.
My supervisor and our dear lecturers in the SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING for their abundant
guidance and instruction in this course.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I can not express enough thanks to the staff committee of MMUST electrical and communication
engineering department for their continued support and encouragement. I offer my sincere
appreciation for the learning opportunities provided by the committee staff. My completion of
this task could not have been accomplished without the support of my siblings, mentors and
supervisor To Evance, Dorothy, Alice, Happy Loviance, Jitu, Steve thank you for allowing me
time away during this project. You deserve something special from me as a gift! Thanks to my
mentor for the countless time you kept encouraging me will not be forgotten.Finally to my
caring, loving and supportive brothers Evance and David my deepest gratitude. Your
encouragement when the time got rough are much appreciated and duly noted. It was a great
comfort and relief to know that you were willing to provide all required during the project. My
heartfelt thank.

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PREFACE
This project report indicates the various skills acquired and to arouse the interest of an
undergraduate engineer in the technical aspect of the engineering world The report also outlines
the relationship that exist between the theoretical work and the practical work .it outlines how
various engineering principles and laws have been applied in solving some industrial problems .

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ABSTRACT
Wireless charging is a technology of transmitting power through an air gap to electrical devices
for the purpose of energy replenishment. The technology uses the principle of electromagnetic
induction where a current is induced due to magnetic field. It is categorized into three major
sections i.e transmitter, coli and receiver section.
Recently wireless charging technology has significantly advanced in terms of efficiently and
functionality especially mobile phones and portable devices. Using wireless charger has many
benefits i.e. it enhances flexibility, secondly it improves users friendliness as the work of
connecting cables is ousted. Also wireless charging can provide on demand power avoiding
overcharging problem.
Wireless charging. The main objective I of this project is to design and implement a wireless
charger that can be used to replace cable chargers for the above mention meditation. The project
will be designed and simulated using relevant software before actual implementation.

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Contents
DECLARATION..........................................................................................................................................i
CERTIFICATION........................................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................................iii
PREFACE...................................................................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................v
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study................................................................................................................1
1.2 .Statement of the problem..............................................................................................................2
1.4 Justification of the Study...............................................................................................................2
1.5 Significance of the study................................................................................................................3
1.6 Assumptions of the Study..............................................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................4
2.0: LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................................................4
2.1: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................4
2.2: RESULTS.....................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER THREE.....................................................................................................................................6
3.0: MATERIAL AND DESIGN............................................................................................................6
3.1: Materials and equipment/apparatus..............................................................................................6
3.2 Project block diagram....................................................................................................................6
3.4 How to design a receiver circuit....................................................................................................7
3.3: Data collection and analysis.........................................................................................................9
3.4: Barriers/pitfalls in designing a wireless charger.........................................................................10
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................12
4.0: EXPECTED RESULTS AND CONCLUSION..............................................................................12
4.1: Introduction................................................................................................................................12
4.2: Why it is important to design a wireless charger........................................................................12
4.3: What the wireless charger will deliver........................................................................................13
4.4: Importance of a wireless charger................................................................................................14
4.5: Application of the knowledge of a wireless charger...................................................................16
CHAPTER FIVE.......................................................................................................................................18

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 5.0: BUDGET........................................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER SIX.........................................................................................................................................19
6.0: Work plan...........................................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................20

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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION.
1.1 Background of the study.
A wireless charger uses electromagnetic field to transfer energy between the charging pad and
the device. It typically relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction where an a.c current
in the charging pad generates a magnetic field and when a compatible device is placed on the
pad, it induces an electric current in the device coil thus charging the battery.
Inductive charging is also used in vehicles, power tools, electric toothbrushes, and medical
devices. The portable equipment can be placed near a charging station or inductive pad without
needing to be precisely aligned or make electrical contact with a dock or plug.
The primary coil in the charger induces a current in the secondary coil in the device being
charged.
Inductive charging is named so because it transfers energy through inductive coupling. First,
alternating current passes through an induction coil in the charging station or pad. The moving
electric charge creates a magnetic field, which fluctuates in strength because the electric
current’s amplitude is fluctuating. This changing magnetic field creates an alternating electric
current in the portable device’s induction coil, which in turn passes through a rectifier to convert
it to direct current. Finally, the direct current charges a battery or provides operating power.
The wireless charging transmitter is powered by an input DC rail of 5 V to 19 V, typically
derived from a USB port or an AC/DC power adapter.
A switched transistor bridge using two or four FETs drives a coil and series capacitor. A
resonant frequency is set internally, by means of the series capacitor.
The transmitter has a coil to transfer power by electromagnetic induction. Some transmitters
support multi-coil arrays, driven by separate bridges which are automatically selected to deliver
the highest coupled power into the wireless power receiver.
The induced power is coupled to the wireless power receiver, which has a similar coil to collect
the incoming power.
The receiver rectifies the power by means of diode rectifiers, usually made of FETs for
improving the efficiency. It also filters the power using ceramic output capacitors, and then
applies it to the battery that needs to be charged, either through a linear stage or a switching
regulator.
The battery inside the portable device receives the power and charges up. The receiver can
command the transmitter to adjust the charging current or voltage, and also to stop transmitting
power completely when end of charge is indicated.

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The present and future of wireless charging is incredibly exciting. And it’s so much more than
electric toothbrushes.

1.2 .Statement of the problem.

Though the wireless technology is increasing, it has some short comings such as the more power
is lost during charging, it charges at a lower speed and though we smartphone manufactures are
trying to make it slimmer, building the receiver coil in the device will make such a device big
this wasting more materials.
Additionally, wireless charging may not work as well with thicker phone cases or certain
materials.
I proposed to design a wireless charger that can charge a smartphone at a faster rate and make
some modifications to regulate the amount of heat which can affect the chemical property of the
battery.

1.3 Objectives.
1.3.1 Main objective.
To design a smartphone wireless charger
1.3.2 Specific objectives
 To understand basic through having solid knowledge of electromagnetic induction which
is the principle behind wireless charger. Explaining the concept such as coils, magnetic
field and inductance essential.
 To define the project scope.
 To choose the component including coils, transistors, diode and capacitors,
microcontroller which helps in power generation regulation or device detention.
 To design the circuit base on the component chosen. The design should fit the components
baring in mind how to create a resonant circuit for efficient power transfer, create a
transmitter and receiver.
 To build a prototypes of both the transmitter and receiver circuits on breadboard.
 To experiment and optimize with different coil figuration frequencies and power levels to
optimize the charging efficiency. This involves adjusting the number of turns in the coil or
changing the operation frequencies.
 To implement safety measures such ad overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and
thermal management to ensure charger operates safely and efficiently.
 To test and troubleshoot
 To document the project

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  To present and demonstrate the project.
1.4 Justification of the Study

Wireless charging is convenient and fairly efficient, but there has not been enough research done
to increase efficiency and distance necessary between the device and charger. Currently, electric
toothbrushes and cellular phones need to be in contact with the charger’s surface. This makes it
easier to charge and saves a few seconds fiddling with cords, but the device is still essentially
plugged in and immobile where as having a longer cord would allow use and charging at the
same time. The future for wireless charging will include longer ranges between the device and
charging mechanism as well as a higher efficiency over a longer distance. At some point, it could
be possible to charge multiple devices efficiently and safely from another room of a building
solving the issue of battery life.
The study will help researchers to innovate a new technology of casino and building up the
internal of an electronic device to create some space for receiver coil. Once this objective is
achieved the device will charge faster and even at a longer distance.

1.5 Significance of the study.

Wireless chargers also protect your phone from damage caused by repeated connecting and
disconnecting, and are more robust than charging cables which may end up showing signs of
wear and tear.
Wireless charging is now available for all sorts of Qi-enabled devices, from phones to
smartwatches, earbuds.
Wireless charging eliminates the need for physical cables and connectors.

1.6 Assumptions of the Study

During the study the following assumptions were made.
 The chemical property of the battery is not affected.
 The energy lost during charging is not accounted for.
 The magnetic fields are harmless to living organism within the environment.

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CHAPTER TWO.
2.0: LITERATURE REVIEW.
2.1: INTRODUCTION.
Wireless charging, also known as inductive charging, has gained significant research
interest and initial commercial success in recent years. This literature review aims to
examine the existing body of knowledge concerning wireless chargers, focusing on
technological advancements, applications, and limitations of this innovative charging
method.
Ultimately, during the design implement safety measures by emphasizing the impotence
of safety. Consider measures such as over current protection, over voltage protection and
thermal management to ensure the charger operates safely and efficiently.
The end product should be tested and troubleshoot any issues they encounter.
2.2: RESULTS
During the research, it was found that cabled/ wired charger has the following downfalls:

i. Limited range
Wired charger require you to physically connect your phone to the charger via a cable which
limits your mobility
ii. Wear end tear on charging port
Constantly plugging and unplugging the cable can cause wear and tear o charging port over
time. This may lead repairs.
Incompatibility
Different devices may require different charging cables.
iii. Inconvenience
Carrying a wired charger and finding a power outlet to plug it into can be inconvenient
To mitigate the above challenges, the idea of wireless technology which has the following merits
came in
i. Convenience
Wireless smartphone chargers eliminate the need for dealing with tangled codes and cables
making it easy to charge your phone without plugging it in
ii. Less wear and tear
Since there’s no need to plug in ad out repeatedly
iii. Faster charging
Many wireless charges are equipped with fast charging technology allowing your phone to
charge quickly
iv. Compatibility
Wireless chargers are compatible with wide range of smartphones thus support a wide range of
smartphones that support wireless charging making them versatile options for many users

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v. User-friendly
Wireless chargers are easy to use and require minimal set up, making them user friendly

Despite the charger being convenient it has the following demerits

1. Overheating risks
Wireless charges can produce more heat than wired chargers
2. Limited range of charging
Since it requires the device to be charged to be placed directly on the charging pad to occur

To effectively power two or more receiver coils in a wireless smartphone charger while keeping
cost low, the transmitter coil can be designed using magnetic resonance technology. By creating
an oscillating magnetic field, the transmitter coil induces current in the receiver coil enabling
power transfer. Adding the appropriate capacitors to the loops allow then resonate at the same
frequency increasing the amount of induced current in the receiver coil this resonant inductive
charging method enables power transmission at greater distances and increases efficiency.
Additionally using larger coils or multiple coils can further enhance the distance over which
power can be transferred

A heat sink can be used in a wireless charger to help dissipate heat generated during the
charging process. The main purpose of a heat sink is t absorb and transfer heat away from the
electronic component ensuring that the charger and the smartphone do not overheat

In a wireless smartphone charger, the heat sink can be integrated into the design of the charging
pad or charging circuit itself. The heat sink typically consist of a metal with a large surface area
to facilitate efficient heat dissipation. Y using a heat sink in a wireless smartphone charger it can
help to prolong the lifespan of the charger and the smartphone by preventing overheating that
can damage the internal components. Additionally, it can improve the overall charging efficiency
and performance of the charger by maintaining a stable temperature during charging process.

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CHAPTER THREE.
3.0: MATERIAL AND DESIGN.

3.1: Materials and equipment/apparatus.

To design a wireless charger, you will require certain materials and follow basic design.
Materials.
1. Transmitter ( Charging base)
 AC power source
 Transmitting coil ( inductive coupling)
 MOSFET
 Oscillator for frequency generation.
 Power management IC.
 Enclosure

2. Receiver part.
 Receiving coil ( inductive coupling)
 Rectifier circuit ( convert AC to DC)
 Voltage Regulator ( to stabilize voltage)
 charging controller (Microcontroller
3.2 Project block diagram.

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: How to design transmitter circuit.
The transmitter operates with the principle of inductive coupling. So, the transmitter should have
the primary coil. The transmitter circuit gets its power from the wall voltage. It has a rectifier
section to convert AC to pulsating DC. It has also a filter network to increase the RMS level of
the rectified voltage. Then it must have a switching circuit (MOSFET) to continuously provide
changing current to the coil. For better coupling, resonant circuit is being utilized in the
transmitter side. In resonance, the transmitted current is sinusoid thus there is only minimal
losses.
The voltage V1 is already in DC form. If this transmitter be powered by AC line, then V1 is the
output of the rectifier and filter sections. L1 is the transmitter coil. M1 is the switching element
so that there is an AC current to the transmitter coil. L1 and C1 form a resonant network
resulting to a sinusoid current to the transmitter inductor.
The transmitter should be in resonance to prevent huge losses in transmitter switching network
and also to make the coupling of power to be efficient.

Figure.3.3 Circuit diagram of a transmitter part.

3.4 How to design a receiver circuit

The receiver circuit is powered by the transmitter circuit. The receiver consists of a receiver coil,
resonance network, and rectifier and charger IC. When the above receiver is paired with the
transmitter circuit the DC voltage to the Vout net that is input. A receiver must have a coil to
receive the current from the transmitter, it must have a rectifier to convert AC to DC and it must
have a control element or IC.

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 Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of a receiver part
Selection of right transmitter and receiver coil
Transmitter coil selection includes the size of the inductance, number of turns and the amount of
current that will pass to the coil.
The receiver coil selection is dictated by the number of turn of the transmitter coil, level of
voltage that need to attain in the receiver and the amount of current that will pass to the receiver
coil.

Components of a transmitter circuit

 MOSFET
Type of transistor that is used to control conductivity, or how much electricity can flow, between
its sources and drain terminals based on the amount of voltage applied to its gate terminal.
The main advantage of MOSFET is that there is less loss of voltage and current.

 Transmitter coil.
The coil is wound in a certain number of turns depending with the designer specification
using copper wire of an appreciate gauge.

 An oscillator
An oscillator is used to generate frequency that is resonant frequency which boosts the
voltage transmitted to tell receiver coil.
f = 1/2Π√RC
Components of a receiver coil
 Receiver coil

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 The coil is wound to a certain number of turns depending on the designer specification using
copper wire of an appreciate gauge. The number of turns in the receiver coil should be more
in the receiver coil compared to the number of turns in transmitter coil

 Rectifier
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current, which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current, which flows in only one direction.

 Charger IC(Charging controller)

Charging IC: The charging IC (integrated circuit) is responsible for controlling the charging
process of the mobile phone’s battery. It regulates the flow of current from the charger to the
battery, ensuring that the battery is charged at the correct rate and that it is not damaged by
overcharging.
 Voltage regulator
A voltage regulator is a circuit that creates and maintains a fixed output voltage, irrespective of
changes to the input voltage or load conditions. Voltage regulators (VRs) keep the voltages from
a power supply within a range that is compatible with the other electrical components.

3.3: Data collection and analysis

To design a wireless charger, a number o methods can be used. In the project I designed a
combination of several methods are implied and they are listed below.
a. Magnetic field; the wireless charger works by using a magnetic field. This field is produced
using a coil of wire wound around like a firrite, when an electric current passes through this
coil it generates field around it.
b. Coil in the device; the electronic device that needs to be charged (e.g a smartphone) should
have a coil in it. This coil acts as a receiver for magnetic field generated by the wireless
charger.
c. Transmission of power; when the wireless charger is powered on and placed in proximity to
the device, the magnetic field generated be charger's coil induces a current in the coil present
in the device. This current can then be used to charge device battery.
d. AC to DC conversation; the power in the wireless charger is usually supplied through an AC
(alternating current) power source such as a wall socket. However, electronics devices require
DC (direct current) to charge their batteries. Therefore the wireless charger include a circuit to
convert the AC power to DC making it compatible with the battery of the device charged.
e. Efficiency and safety considerations; Designing a wireless charger also involves optimizing
its efficiency and ensuring safety standards. Efficient design involves minimizing energy loss

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 from the charger to the device. Safety features can include their ability to detect foreign object
on the wireless charging pad and ensure the charger does not overheat other electronic
devices.

The following components are needed to design a wireless charger;

 Inductive charging technology; a wireless charger uses inductive charging
technology which require a transmitter and a receiver coil. The transmitter coil is
placed inside the charger while the receiver coil is integrated into the device.
 Transmitter circuit; and electrical circuit that generate and alternating current AC
through the transmitter coil. The circuit should include components such as a power
source, and oscillator, control circuitry.
 Receiver circuit; a circuit integrated into the device that receives the transmitted
AC signal and concerts it into direct current DC for charging batteries. The receiver
circuit may include rectifiers, voltage regulator etc.
 Control mechanism; to ensure proper charging and avoid overcharging, a control
mechanism is required in both transmitter and receiver circuits. This mechanism
regulates power delivery and ensures that the charger is compatible with various
devices.
 Housing/casing; a physical housing or case is needed to provide structural support
and protect the internal components. It can be plastic or suitable material.
 Thermal management; wireless charging can generate heat and so an effective
thermal management system must be designed to prevent overheating, increase
efficiency and ensure safe charging. It can be heat sink.
 LED indicators; LEDs can be integrated into the charger to indicate the charging
status such as power on/off, charging in progress or fully charged.
 Certification and safety; Compliance with industry standards and safety
regulations is crucial to ensure the charger meets all necessary requirements and
does not pass any hazards.

3.4: Barriers/pitfalls in designing a wireless charger

 Efficiency: One common challenge in wireless charging is achieving high efficiency
during power transfer. Energy losses occur during conversion and transmission, which
can lead to slower charging times, wastage of energy, and heat generation. Designing
efficient coils, optimizing circuitry, and employing advanced power management
techniques can help address this issue.
 Interoperability: Compatibility with different smartphone models and brands can be a
barrier. Ensuring that the wireless charger adheres to established standards such as Qi or
Power mat, which are widely adopted by smartphone manufacturers, helps promote

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 interoperability. However, there may still be variations in implementations that can cause
compatibility issues.
 Cost: Wireless charging technology, especially in the early stages of adoption, may be
more expensive compared to traditional wired charging methods. The additional
components, such as the transmitter and receiver coils, and the complexity involved in
designing the charger can drive up costs. As the technology becomes more prevalent and
mass production increases, costs are expected to decrease.
 Size and Form Factor: Integrating the necessary components for wireless charging into
a compact form factor can be challenging. The charger needs to be small enough to be
portable and fit in various environments, including homes, cars, or public spaces.
Balancing size, weight, and performance is crucial to create a user-friendly and
aesthetically pleasing design.
 Safety and Regulatory Compliance: Safety considerations are important in wireless
charging design. Overheating, overcharging, and electrical hazards must be addressed to
prevent damage to the smartphone and ensure user safety.
 Charging Distance and Alignment: The distance at which charging occurs and the
alignment between the smartphone and the charger can impact the charging efficiency.
Ensuring proper alignment and maintaining a reasonable charging distance, without
compromising convenience, are design challenges that need to be addressed.
 User Education and Awareness: Since wireless charging technology is still evolving
and not universally adopted, there may be a lack of user awareness and understanding.
Educating users about the benefits, compatibility, and proper usage of wireless chargers
can help promote adoption and resolve potential barriers.

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CHAPTER FOUR.
4.0: EXPECTED RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
4.1: Introduction.
With the improved technology and innovation, the world has evolved and new
technology are implemented to help people to say goodbye to the early innovations. To
help in lowering the cost of production of certain products, to conserve environment and
manage waste in an appropriate Way, I tend to design a wireless charger that will reduce
the cables thus lowering the cost of production. Secondly since the charger can’t be
repaired once it get spoiled they are exposed randomly polluting the environment. Lastly
the transmitter of a wireless charger can be designed to transmit power to more than one
device thus one transmitter can be installed per house to serve everybody or even
institution.

4.2: Why it is important to design a wireless charger.

 Convenience: Wireless charging eliminates the hassle of dealing with tangled cords and
finding power outlets. It allows users to simply place their device on a charging pad or
stand, eliminating the need for physical connections. This convenience factor increases
the practicality and ease of charging devices, especially when multiple devices need to be
charged simultaneously.
 Versatility: A wireless charger can be used to charge a variety of devices, including
smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, and even certain types of laptops. By designing a
wireless charger, manufacturers can ensure compatibility with a wide range of devices,
enhancing the user experience and convenience.
 Safety: Wireless charging technology incorporates safety features to protect both the
device being charged and the charger itself. These features could include temperature
control, voltage regulation, and foreign object detection, preventing overheating or
damage due to incorrect charging configurations. By designing a wireless charger,
manufacturers can ensure that these safety measures are properly implemented, ensuring
user and device safety.

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  Efficiency: Wireless charging technology is continually improving in terms of efficiency
and energy transfer rates. Designing a wireless charger allows manufacturers to optimize
these aspects, ensuring that the charger effectively converts electrical energy into wireless
energy and efficiently transfers it to the device being charged. This efficiency reduces
unnecessary power waste and conserves energy.
 Future-proofing: With the increasing ubiquity of wireless charging technology,
designing a wireless charger can future-proof a manufacturer’s product lineup. As more
devices adopt wireless charging capabilities, users will expect and seek out compatible
chargers. By designing a wireless charger, manufacturers can fulfill this demand and
maintain competitiveness in the market.
Overall, designing a wireless charger offers several advantages including convenience,
versatility, safety, efficiency, and future-proofing. As wireless charging technology continues
to evolve and become more prevalent, the importance of designing and manufacturing
wireless chargers will only grow.

4.3: What the wireless charger will deliver.

Convenient and easy charging: Users should be able to charge their devices simply by
placing them on the charging pad or stand without the need for any physical connections or
fumbling with cords.
 Reliable and efficient charging: The wireless charger should provide a stable and
consistent charge to the device, efficiently transferring energy from the charger to the
device being charged. It should have high energy conversion rates to minimize energy
wastage.
 Compatibility with multiple devices: A wireless charger should be designed to work
with a wide range of devices, including smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and
potentially other electronic devices that support wireless charging.
 Safety features: The wireless charger should incorporate safety mechanisms to protect
both the device being charged and the charger itself. These features could include
temperature control, voltage regulation, and foreign object detection to prevent any
potential hazards or damage.
 Fast charging capabilities: Many users expect wireless chargers to support fast
charging, enabling them to quickly charge their devices in a shorter period. The charger
should aim to deliver optimal charging speeds, considering the device’s capacity and
compatibility.
 Durability and longevity: A wireless charger should be designed to withstand regular
use and last for an extended period. It should be built with high-quality materials and
components to ensure its durability and reliability.
 Aesthetically pleasing design: Since wireless chargers are often visible on desks,
bedside tables, or other prominent places, manufacturers should consider an aesthetically
pleasing design that seamlessly blends into different environments.

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  Additional features: Some wireless chargers may include extra functionality, such as
multiple charging coils for charging multiple devices simultaneously, adjustable stands or
pads for better device placement, or even built-in cooling systems to prevent overheating.
These expectations collectively contribute to a wireless charger’s overall success and user
satisfaction, making it an indispensable accessory for modern devices

4.4: Importance of a wireless charger

Wireless chargers have become increasingly important due to the following reasons:
 Convenience: With wireless charging, users can simply place their devices on a charging
pad or stand without the need for fumbling with cords or locating power outlets. This
convenience simplifies the charging process, especially when multiple devices need to be
charged simultaneously.
 User Experience: Wireless chargers provide a seamless and hassle-free charging
experience. Users do not have to worry about plugging and unplugging cords, reducing
wear and tear on charging ports. This improves the overall user experience and enhances
customer satisfaction.
 Versatility: Wireless chargers are compatible with a wide range of devices. They can
charge smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and other devices that support wireless
charging technology. This versatility makes wireless chargers a highly sought-after
charging solution for various devices.
 Safety: Wireless charging technology incorporates safety features to protect both the
devices being charged and the chargers themselves. These safety measures can include
temperature regulation, voltage control, and foreign object detection. By designing
wireless chargers with these safety features, the risk of accidents, such as overheating or
damaging devices, is minimized.
 Efficiency and Energy Conservation: Wireless chargers have evolved and become
more efficient over time, reducing energy wastage during the charging process. This
efficiency translates into more effective energy transfer and minimizes power loss.
Additionally, wireless chargers can also incorporate smart charging technologies that
optimize charging based on the device’s requirements, further enhancing efficiency and
energy conservation.
 Future-Proofing: As wireless charging technology continues to gain popularity, it is
becoming more prevalent in various devices. By embracing wireless chargers,

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 manufacturers and consumers are future-proofing their devices and ensuring
compatibility with upcoming devices that will likely support wireless charging. This
future-proofing approach helps extend the lifecycle and usability of devices.
 Environmental Sustainability: Wireless chargers contribute to reducing cable waste, as
users no longer need multiple cords for charging different devices. This reduction in
cable waste aids in promoting a more environmentally sustainable charging solution.
Overall, the importance of wireless chargers lies in providing convenience, improving user
experiences, versatility, safety, efficiency, future-proofing, and contributing to environmental
sustainability. As wireless charging technology advances, the demand for wireless chargers will
likely continue to increase, making them an essential accessory for modern devices.
The designed wireless charger uses MOSFET as a switching system and this helps in reducing
power loss this makes it unique. Also it is pocket friendly since there is no expensive software
used in design. Through advanced technology, the charger can be designed in a way people
access it like a WI-FI which will be installed in institution, Bus Park and homes this will make
life simpler.
In summary, pursuing wireless charger technology offers numerous benefits such as meeting
customer demand, future-proofing products, gaining a competitive advantage, enhancing user
experience, driving technological innovation, and promoting environmental sustainability. These
factors make it a worthwhile endeavor for companies interested in staying at the forefront of
charging technology and meeting the evolving needs of consumers.

There are several positive expected outcomes associated with wireless chargers:
 Convenience and Ease of Use: One of the main advantages of wireless chargers is their
convenience. Users can simply place their devices on the charging pad or stand,
eliminating the need for cables and adapters. This ease of use makes charging devices a
hassle-free experience, saving time and effort.
 Enhanced User Experience: Wireless chargers provide a seamless and clutter-free
charging experience. Users no longer need to fumble with cords or worry about plug
compatibility. This enhanced user experience leads to higher customer satisfaction and
increased brand loyalty.
 Versatility and Compatibility: Wireless chargers are compatible with a wide range of
devices that support wireless charging technology. Whether it is smartphones, tablets,
smartwatches, or other wireless charging-enabled devices, one charger can accommodate
multiple devices. This versatility ensures that users can charge all their devices without
the need for separate chargers.
 Safety and Durability: Wireless chargers incorporate safety features such as temperature
regulation, voltage control, and foreign object detection. These features protect the
devices being charged and the chargers themselves from potential hazards like
overheating or damage caused by foreign objects. By ensuring safety, wireless chargers
offer a reliable and durable charging solution.
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  Efficient and Fast Charging: With advancements in wireless charging technology,
charging speeds have improved significantly. Wireless chargers now offer faster charging
capabilities, enabling users to charge their devices quickly and efficiently. This is
particularly beneficial when users are in a hurry and need their devices charged as soon
as possible.
 Minimal Wear and Tear: Wired chargers often experience wear and tear due to
repeated plugging and unplugging. The absence of physical connectors in wireless
chargers eliminates this potential damage caused by constant insertion and removal. As a
result, wireless chargers can extend the longevity of devices by reducing wear on
charging ports.
 Future-Proofing and Adaptability: By embracing wireless chargers, users are future-
proofing their devices. This is because wireless charging technology continues to grow in
popularity, and more devices are incorporating this feature. By opting for wireless
chargers, users ensure compatibility with upcoming devices that will likely support
wireless charging, extending the usability of their chargers.
In summary, the positive expected outcomes of wireless chargers include convenience,
enhanced user experience, versatility, compatibility, safety, durability, efficient charging
speeds, minimal wear and tear, and future-proofing capabilities. These outcomes collectively
contribute to a more enjoyable and efficient charging experience for users.

4.5: Application of the knowledge of a wireless charger.

Having knowledge of wireless chargers can be applied in various ways, including:
 Consumer Electronics: With the widespread adoption of wireless charging in
smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and other portable devices, understanding
wireless chargers helps in selecting compatible devices and accessories. This
knowledge allows users to make informed decisions when purchasing new devices or
accessories and ensures they can effectively charge their devices wirelessly.
 Product Development: For manufacturers and product developers, knowledge of
wireless chargers is essential for incorporating wireless charging capabilities into
their products. Understanding the technical aspects, standards, and protocols of
wireless charging enables them to design and integrate wireless charging solutions
that meet customer demands and industry standards.
 Retail and Sales: Professionals in the retail sector benefit from knowledge of
wireless chargers to assist customers in finding suitable products and answering
inquiries about charging options. Being knowledgeable about the advantages and
drawbacks of different wireless chargers allows them to provide accurate product
recommendations and deliver a better customer experience.
 Technical Support and Maintenance: Knowledge of wireless chargers is valuable
for technical support personnel who troubleshoot charging issues and provide
assistance to users. Understanding the common troubleshooting steps, compatibility

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 requirements, and potential challenges associated with wireless charging enhances
their ability to resolve customer queries effectively.
 Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Wireless charging technology presents
opportunities for entrepreneurs and innovators to create new products and solutions.
Applying knowledge of wireless chargers can enable individuals to identify gaps in
the market, develop innovative wireless charging solutions, and launch successful
business ventures in this evolving industry.
 Sustainability and Green Initiatives: Awareness of wireless chargers and their
environmental benefits supports sustainable practices. Knowing how wireless
chargers reduce cable waste and electronic waste aids individuals, organizations, and
policymakers in making responsible choices regarding energy consumption and waste
reduction.

 Research and Development:

Wireless charging technology is continuously evolving, with ongoing research and
development efforts aimed at improving efficiency, range, and compatibility. Having
knowledge of wireless chargers contributes to the advancement of research in this field
and encourages new discoveries and innovations.
In summary, application of knowledge of wireless chargers is valuable in various domains,
including consumer electronics, product development, retail, technical support, entrepreneurship,
sustainability, and research. This knowledge enables individuals and organization to make
informed decision, develop innovative, and contribute to the growth and adoption of wireless of
wireless charging technology.

17
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0: BUDGET
7
Item Justify the purpose of the item Cost per Number Total cost ksh.
unit of units
(Ksh.)
0.3-0.4mm For making transmitter and 50 2 100
enameled copper receiver coils
wire
Switching Is used to control conductivity, or 190 1 190
element. how much electricity can flow,
MOSFET/IRFZ between its sources and drain
44N terminals based on the amount of
voltage applied to its gate
terminal.
Capacitor To store charges 5 7 35
Resistor Is used to resistance the flow of 5 2 10
current.
Voltage regulator To regulate amount of voltage 135 1 135
LEDs To indicate charging progress 10 1 10
Connecting leads To connect the circuit 25 2 50
Breadboard For primary building of circuit 130 2 260
Case To protect the components of the 100 1 100
device
1N4001Diode used to make the flow of current 20 4 80
unidirectional

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Total
970

CHAPTER SIX

6.0: Work plan

19
REFERENCES.
1. https://electronicsbeliever.com/wireless-charger-design-principle-explained
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Modern Physics. 13th Ed. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley.
3. .Mittal, V. N. and Mittal, A. (2012). “Basic Electrical Engineering”. Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Toro, V. D. (2011). Electrical Engineering Fundamentals. 2 nd edition.Boylestad, R.
L.andNashelsky, L. (2012). Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory. 11 edition. Prentice
Hall. ISBN-13: 978-0132622264
5. Kothari, D. P. and Nagrath, I. J. (2011). Theory and Problems of Basic Electrical
Engineering.
6. Singh, S.N. (2011). Basic Electrical Engineering.
7. Tooley, M. (2011). Electronic Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications. London.
8. Thomas L. F. and Buchla, D. M. (2009). Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices &
Applications. 8 edition . Prentice Hall. ISBN-13: 978-0135072950

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