Pasteurization and Sterilization
Pasteurization and Sterilization
Pasteurization and Sterilization
CONTENTS
1. Fundamentals
2. Objective and application
3. Transformations of raw materials
4. Technological factors
5. Equipments
6. Notes
Sterilization
Sterile product
Pasteurization
Inactivate pathogens
Inactivate other microorganisms and enzymes
Commercially sterile food
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Processing
Preservation
Dairy processing
Fermentation technology
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Cases:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
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3. Transformations
of raw materials
Biological
Estimation time:
Food sample with many microbial strains
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Notes:
Comparison of different treatment conditions
(temperature and time)
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3. Transformations of
raw materials
Biological
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Physical
Temperature gradient in the treating sample
Chemical
Change in chemical reaction rate: hydrolysis, oxidation,
degradation, complex formation…
Physico-chemical
Evaporation
Coagulation
Change structure of food…
Biochemical
Change in enzyme activity
Change in biochemical reaction rate
4. Technological factors
Food sample
Technological parameters
Example: heat treatment – temperature, time, pressure
ABC p
a
T/P
Equipment
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5. Equipments
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1. Sample tubes surrounded by
heating medium, 2. Double O-
ring seal
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Heat transfer
5. Equipments
5.1. Treatment of the food outside the containers
Direct heating
5. Equipments
5.1. Treatment of the food outside the containers
Holding
Cooling
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5. Equipments
5.1. Treatment of the food outside the containers
Comparison of direct and indirect heating
Advantages
Disadvantages
5. Equipments
5.1. Treatment of the food outside the containers
Sterile package
Aseptic packaging
Continuous operation
Tunnel pasteurizer
Hydrostatic sterilizer
Rotary sterilizer
Hydrolock sterilizer
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Tunnel pasteurizer
Hydrostatic
sterilizer
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Technology 37
Rotary sterilizer
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Technology 40
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5. Equipments
5.2. Food treatment in the containers
Batch operation
Autoclave/ retort (without mixing)
Pasteurizer
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Technology 46
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Raining/Sprayed water retort
Pasteurizer
Pasteurizer
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5. Equipments
5.2. Food treatment in the containers
Notes
De-aeration
Hot filling
Combined treatment
Example
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