CHATBOT SYSTEM FOR COLLEGE ENQUIRY USING

KNOWLEDGEABLE DATABASE

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor

of Engineering degree in Computer Science and Engineering

By

GOOTY JOSHI NAGA VENKATA AKHILESH YADAV (REG NO: 39110343)

YASWANTH HANUMANTHU (REG NO: 39110365)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

SATHYABAMA
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Accredited with Grade “A” by NAAC | 12B
Status by UGC | Approved by AICTE
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV
GANDHISALAI, CHENNAI –
600119

APRIL-2023

I
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project Report is the Bonafide work of Gooty Joshi
Naga Venkata Akhilesh Yadav (39110343) and Yaswanth
Hanumanthu (39110365) who carried out the project Phase-2 entitled
“CHATBOT SYSTEM FOR COLLEGE ENQUIRY USING
KNOWLEDGEABLE DATABASE” under my supervision from Jan 2023 to
April 2023.

Internal Guide
Dr. P. Asha, M.E., Ph.D

Head of the Department

Dr L. Lakshmanan, M.E., Ph.D

20.04.2023
Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ii
 DECLARATION

I, Gooty Joshi Naga Venkata Akhilesh Yadav (39110343), hereby declare

that the project report entitled “CHATBOT SYSTEM FOR COLLEGE
ENQUIRY USING KNOWLEDGEABLE DATABASE” done by us under the
guidance of Dr.
P. Asha, M.E., Ph.D is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of Bachelor of Engineering Degree in Computer Science and Engineering.

DATE:20.04.2023
PLACE: CHENNAI SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to the Board of Management

of SATHYABAMA for their kind encouragement in doing this project and for
completing it successfully. We are grateful to them.

We convey our thanks to Dr. T. Sasikala, M.E., PhD, Dean, School of

Computing, Dr. L. Lakshmanan, M.E., PhD, Head of the Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, for providing us with necessary support
and details at the right time during the progressive reviews.

We would like to express our sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my project
guide, Dr. P. Asha, M.E., Ph.D, for her valuable guidance, suggestions, and
constant encouragement, which paved the way for the successful completion of our
project work.

We wish to express our thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff members of
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering who were helpful in
many ways for the completion of the project.

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 ABSTRACT

A chatbot, usually referred to as a chatterbot, attempts to have a conversation with a

person. When a question is posed, the system has the ability to detect sentences and select
the proper answer. The response principle is the matching of the user's input phrase. The
current technical project involves building a professional system for a college help desk
employing an android-based chatbot, artificial intelligence technology, and virtual
assistance (human-machine communication), then sending that natural language to a
server. Chatbot systems have become increasingly popular for automating interactions with
users and providing information in various domains, including college enquiries. In this
paper, we propose a chatbot system for college enquiry using a knowledgeable database.
The system utilizes a knowledgeable database that contains relevant information about the
college, such as courses, faculty, campus facilities, and admissions procedures. The system
employs various algorithms, including rule-based, retrieval-based, natural language
processing (NLP), and machine learning algorithms, to understand and respond to user
queries in a context-aware manner. The rule-based algorithms provide predefined rules and
patterns for handling specific intents or frequently asked questions, while the retrieval-
based algorithms search the knowledgeable database for relevant information.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter
TITLE Page No.
No

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 General Information 1

1.2 Problem statement 3

1.3 Objectives 4

1.4 System Architecture 5

1.5 Statement Scope 6

1.6 Natural Language Processing 7

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 10

2.2 Open problems in existing system 12

2.3 Inferences from literature survey 13

3 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS 15

Software and Hardware Requirements

3.1 15
Specification Document
3.2 System Use case 15

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4 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 17

4.1 Study of the Project 17

4.2 Existing Methodology 18

4.3 Proposed Methodology 23

4.4 Project Task Set/Project Management Plan 25

5 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS 26

5.1 Development and Deployment Setup 26

5.2 Algorithms 29

5.3 Module Implementation 34

5.4 Data Flow Diagrams 35

5.5 Use Case Diagram 37

5.6 Class Diagram 38

5.7 Sequence Diagram 39

5.8 Component Diagram 40

5.9 Deployment Diagram 41

5.10 Collaboration Diagram 42

5.11 State Chart Diagram 42

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 43

7 CONCLUSION 47

7.1 Conclusion 47

7.2 Future work 47

v
REFERENCES 48

APPENDIX 51

A. SOURCE CODE 51

B. SCREENSHOTS 66

C. RESEARCH PAPER 67

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE Page
FIGURE NAME
NO No.

1.1 System Architecture 5

4.1 Knowledge Canvas Diagram 21

4.2 Proposed System Architecture 25

5.1 Structure of LSTM 30

5.2 Forget Gate 31

5.3 Input Gate 31

5.4 Output Gate 32

5.5 Data Flow Diagrams 35

5.1 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram 35

5.2 Level 1 Data Flow Diagram 36

5.6 Use Case Diagram 37

5.7 Class Diagram 38

5.8 Sequence Diagram 39

5.9 Component Diagram 40

5.10 Deployment Diagram 41

5.11 Collaboration Diagram 42

5.12 State Chart Diagram 42

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 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TABLE NAME Page No.

4.1 IDEA 19

4.2 IDEA Matrix 19

x
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

S.No ABBREVIATIONS EXPANSION

1 AI Artificial Intelligence

2 CNN Convolutional Neural

Network
3 GUI Graphical User Interface

4 LSTM Long Short Term Memory

5 NER Named Entity Recognition

6 NLG Natural Language

Generation
7 NLP Natural Language
Processing
8 NLTK Natural Language Tool Kit

9 UML Unified Modeling Language

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 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION:

This Application is for college students, staff, and parents. Easy way to interaction and
time consuming. This project is mainly targeted at colleges and the synchronization of all
the sparse and diverse information regarding regular college schedule. Generally, students
face problems in getting correct notifications at the correct time, sometimes important
notices such as campus interview, training and placement events, holidays, and special
announcements. Smart Campus tries to bridge this gap between students, teachers, and
college administrators. Therefore in the real world scenario, such as college campus, the
information in the form of notices, oral communication, can be directly communicated
through the android devices and can be made available for the students, teachers directly
for their android devices and the maintenance of application will be easier in later future
because of the use of architectural MVC which separates the major works in the
development of an application such as data management, mobile user interface display and
web service which will be the controller to make sure for fast and efficient maintenance of
application.
The College bot project is built using artificial algorithms that analyses user’s queries and
understand user’s message. This System is a web application which provides answer to the
query of the student. Students just must query through the bot which is used for chatting.
Students can chat using any format there is no specific format the user has to follow. The
System uses built in artificial intelligence to answer the query. The answers are appropriate
what the user queries. The User can query any college related activities through the system.
The user does not have to personally go to the college for enquiry. The System analyses the
question and then answers to the user. The system answers to the query as if it is answered
by the person. With the help of artificial intelligence, the system answers the query asked
by the students.
The system replies using an effective Graphical user interface which implies that as if a
real person is talking to the user. The user just must register himself to the

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system and has to login to the system. After login user can access to the various helping
pages. Various helping pages has the bot through which the user can chat by asking queries
related to college activities. The system replies to the user with the help of effective
graphical user interface. The user can query about the college related activities through
online with the help of this web application. The user can query college related activities
such as date and timing of annual day, sports day, and other cultural activities. This system
helps the student to be updated about the college activities. Chatbot is a computer program
that humans will interact with in natural spoken language and including artificial
intelligence techniques such as NLP (Natural language processing) that makes the chatbot
more interactive and more reliable.
Based on the recent epidemiological situation, the increasing demand and reliance on
electronic education has become very difficult to access to the university due to the curfew
imposed, and this has led to limited access to information for academics at the university.
This project aims to build a chatbot for Admission and Registration to answer every person
who asks about the university, colleges, majors, and admission policy. Artificial
intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating machines that
can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as perception, reasoning,
learning, and decision-making.
AI uses a combination of techniques, including machine learning, natural language
processing, computer vision, and robotics, to enable machines to learn from data and adapt
to new situations. In the context of a college enquiry chatbot, AI would allow the chatbot
to understand and respond to natural language queries from students, providing them with
relevant information and support. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the
development and functionality of chatbots. Chatbots are computer programs that use
natural language processing (NLP) to interact with humans and simulate conversation. AI
algorithms power the NLP capabilities of chatbots, enabling them to understand and
respond to users' requests.
Here are some ways in which AI helps in chatbots:

Natural Language Processing: AI algorithms enable chatbots to understand natural

language inputs from users and interpret them accurately. NLP algorithms analyze the text
or voice input and break it down into its component parts, including keywords, entities,
and intent. This analysis helps the chatbot to understand what

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the user is asking and respond appropriately.

Machine Learning: AI algorithms enable chatbots to learn from user interactions and
improve their responses over time. Machine learning algorithms analyze the data collected
from user interactions and identify patterns and trends. Based on this analysis, the chatbot
can be trained to provide more accurate and relevant responses.

Personalization: AI algorithms enable chatbots to personalize their responses based on

user preferences and behavior. By analyzing user data, chatbots can tailor their responses
to each user's specific needs and preferences.

Natural Language Generation: AI algorithms enable chatbots to generate natural

language responses that sound human-like. Natural Language Generation (NLG)
algorithms analyze the intent and context of the user's request and generate a response that
is both relevant and grammatically correct.
Overall, AI is an essential component of chatbot development, enabling chatbots to deliver
personalized, intelligent, and natural language-based conversations with users.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

At the start of each academic semester, registration opens for those wishing to join the
university in various disciplines, and telephone calls for admission and registration abound.
This leads to an increase in the loads and work for the employees of the Deanship of
Admission and Registration as a result of the constant pressure of those wishing to register
and their families by flocking to the Deanship, so the employees are not able to answer the
phone calls and social media. This often leads to many students who wish to register to be
ignored. The process of providing information and support to prospective and current
students in a timely and efficient manner is a challenge for colleges, leading to frustration
and dissatisfaction among users.

To achieve this, the chatbot system must be built on a robust and comprehensive

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knowledge database that contains all relevant information about the college and its
operations. This database should be regularly updated to ensure that the information
provided by the chatbot is accurate.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

 Save effort and time for both the admission and registration staff and
students who wish to enroll.

 Provide detailed information about colleges and majors.

 Easy access to information.

 To minimize the time required to solve the queries.

 To give response to the user based on queries.

 To simplify communication between user and machine.

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1.4 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Figure 1.1 System Architecture

A block diagram is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are
represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks. It may
also show how the system operates, what are its inputs and outputs at various stages, and
how the information, and/or materials flow through it. The block diagram for” Online
chatting system for college enquiry knowledgeable Database” The proposed system has a
client server architecture. All the information will be kept in an optimized database on the
central server. This information can be accessed by the users through the android
application installed on their smartphones (client machines). Each client machine will have
an improved user interface.
A chatbot is a technology that allows users to have natural conversations to access content
and services. Chatbots typically take the form of a chat client, leveraging

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natural language processing to conduct a conversation with the user. Chatbots control
conversation flow based on the context of the users requests and respond with natural
language phrases to provide direct answers, request additional information or recommend
actions that can be taken. The diagram below provides a high-level description of how a
chat client could be used to leverage natural language processing to assist with access to
content or perform data queries.

Modules Client-Server (chat user): The proposed system has a client server
architecture. All the information will be kept in an optimized database on the central
server. This information can be accessed by the users through the android application
installed on their smartphones (client machines). Each client machine will have an
improved user interface.

Chatbot: A chatbot is a technology that allows users to have natural conversations to

access content and services. Chatbots typically take the form of a chat client, leveraging
natural language processing to conduct a conversation with the user. Chatbots control
conversation flow based on the context of the users requests and respond with natural
language phrases to provide direct answers, request additional information or recommend
actions that can be taken.

Pattern matching: Bot send a query to a machine for comparing. The query match with
database sends to data services.

Data Services: Intent is used to call upon proper service.using entity information to find
proper data. Hence all the modules are described above are completed in polynomial time
sec t, So this problem is P.

1.4 STATEMENT SCOPE

In today’s world as there are everything is digital. In education system work is very
lengthy and time consuming and required extra manpower. We develop this application for
students, teachers, parents, and guest. In this project we implement android application due
to this application The Student does not have to go personally to college office for the
enquiry. The application enables the students to

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be updated with college cultural activities. If application saves time for the student as well
as teaching and non-teaching staffs. It is useful for parents also to show his/her child marks
and important notices.

1.6 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

NLP is an interdisciplinary subfield of linguistics, computer science, and artificial

intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human language, how
to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.
The goal is a computer capable of "understanding" the contents of documents, including
the contextual nuances of the language within them. The technology can then accurately
extract information and insights contained in the documents as well as categorize and
organize the documents themselves. NLP techniques allow the chatbot to understand the
natural language queries of users and provide accurate and relevant responses. NLP is a
critical component of many applications that involve language, such as chatbots, voice
assistants, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and more. It involves several techniques
and approaches, including statistical modeling, machine learning, deep learning, and rule-
based systems, to analyze and process natural language data. NLP is a rapidly evolving
field, and recent advances in machine learning and deep learning have led to significant
improvements in the accuracy and performance of NLP models.

Challenges in natural language processing frequently involve speech recognition,

natural-language understanding, and natural-language generation.

In the early days, many language-processing systems were designed by symbolic methods,
i.e., the hand-coding of a set of rules, coupled with a dictionary lookup such as by writing
grammars or devising heuristic rules for stemming.

More recent systems based on machine-learning algorithms have many advantages over
hand-produced rules:

 The learning procedures used during machine learning automatically focus on the
most common cases, whereas when writing rules by hand it is often

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 not at all obvious where the effort should be directed.

 Automatic learning procedures can make use of statistical inference algorithms to

produce models that are robust to unfamiliar input (e.g. containing words or
structures that have not been seen before) and to erroneous input (e.g. with
misspelled words or words accidentally omitted). Generally, handling such input
gracefully with handwritten rules, or, more generally, creating systems of
handwritten rules that make soft decisions, is extremely difficult, error-prone and
time-consuming.

 Systems based on automatically learning the rules can be made more accurate
simply by supplying more input data. However, systems based on handwritten rules
can only be made more accurate by increasing the complexity of the rules, which is
a much more difficult task. In particular, there is a limit to the complexity of
systems based on handwritten rules, beyond which the systems become more and
more unmanageable. However, creating more data to input to machine-learning
systems simply requires a corresponding increase in the number of man-hours
worked, generally without significant increases in the complexity of the annotation
process.

Despite the popularity of machine learning in NLP research, symbolic methods are still
(2020) commonly used:

 when the amount of training data is insufficient to successfully apply machine

learning methods, e.g., for the machine translation of low-resource languages such
as provided by the Apterium system,

 for pre-processing in NLP pipelines, e.g., tokenization, or

 for postprocessing and transforming the output of NLP pipelines, e.g., for
knowledge extraction from syntactic parses.

Sentiment analysis: Sentiment analysis is the process of identifying the emotion or

sentiment behind a user's query. This can be useful in chatbots designed to provide
emotional support or mental health services. Sentiment analysis is typically done using
machine learning algorithms that are trained on large datasets of text

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labeled with sentiment.

Intent recognition: NLP techniques can be used to recognize the intent of user queries,
allowing the chatbot to provide appropriate responses.

Named entity recognition (NER): NER is a subtask of entity recognition that focuses
specifically on identifying named entities such as people, organizations, and locations.
NER is commonly used in chatbots designed for customer service or support, where
identifying customer names or order numbers is important.

Language translation: Chatbots can be designed to provide multilingual support by

using language translation techniques. Machine learning algorithms are trained on large
datasets of text in multiple languages to provide accurate translations.

Text generation: Text generation techniques can be used to generate natural language
responses to user queries. These techniques use machine learning algorithms to analyze the
context of the user's query and generate a relevant response. Text generation can be
particularly useful in chatbots designed to handle complex or multi-turn conversations.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques can play a crucial role in developing a
college enquiry chatbot.
Overall, NLP techniques are critical to the success of chatbots, allowing them to accurately
understand user queries and provide relevant and personalized responses.

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 CHAPTER – 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Professor Girish Wadhwa suggested that the institution build an inquiry chatbot using
artificial intelligence in March-April 2017. Algorithms that might analyze consumer
inquiries and recognize consumer messages. This machine might be a chatbot with the
intention to provide solutions to students' questions. Students actually need to pick out a
category for department requests and then request a bot to be used for chat. The project's
main goal is to develop an algorithm that may be used to correct the answers to queries that
customers ask. It is essential to create a database where all related statistics can be kept as
well as to expand the online interface. A database can develop to be able to compile
information on queries, responses, key words, logs, and messages. 2016 saw Bayu Setiaji
publish "Chatbot the usage of database knowledge." A chatbot is made to communicate
with technology.
Machine learning is built to recognize sentences and concluded, such as the answer to a
question. Personalized message, i.e. A request is saved in accordance with the response.
The more similarly the statements are stated, the more it will be marked as similarity of the
sentences. It is then answered in light of the answers from the first sentence. The sentence
similarity calculator breaks the input sentence down into its component letters. A database
stores the knowledge of chatbots. A chatbot has interfaces, and the database control
system's access point through this interface is at its core. The Chatbot application was
created using a variety of programming languages with the addition of a user interface that
allows users to give input and get a response. Starting with the symbol of entity date,
which produced 11 entities and their cardinalities, the structure and building of tables was
done as an indication of the knowledge contained inside the database. SQL was used in a
way that was tailored to the model that was kept inside the programme.
Elisa is regarded as the first chatbot to operate in a single machine model. Joseph
Weizenbaum was the one who created it in 1964. ALICE is a rule-based chatbot that uses
Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML). It includes approximately 40,000
categories with an average of an example and a response for each category. A summary of
chatbot programmes that have evolved through the usage of AIML

1
scripts was presented by Md. Shahriare Satu and Shamim-Ai- Mamun. They asserted that
entirely AIML-based chatbots are easy to set up, lightweight, and eco- friendly to use. post
provides information on the various ways that chatbots are used. An AIML and LSA based
chatbot was created by Thomas N. T. and Amrita Vishwa to provide customer support on
e-commerce platforms.
We can implement chatbots in the Android-powered device utilising a variety of
techniques. In their post on Android Chatbot, Rushab Jain and Burhanuddin Lokhandwala
demonstrate one method. Creating a Chatbot that Imitates a Historical Person by Emanuela
Haller and Trajan Rebedea, IEEE Conference Publications, July 2013. A person with
expertise in creating databases constructed the database. Yet, very few academics have
looked into the idea of building a chatbot with an artificial personality and character by
starting with pages or simple text about a particular person. In order to create a debate
agent that can be used in CSCL high school settings, the paper discusses a method for
highlighting the key information in texts that chronicle the life of a (private) historical
figure.
An Introduction to Teaching AI in a Simple Agent Environment by Maya Pantik, Reinir
Zwitserloot, and Robbert Jan Grootjans, IEEE Transactions on Education, Vol. 38, number
three, August 2005 in this article, a flexible approach to basic the use of a novel, totally
Java-based, simple agent framework developed specifically for this course to teach
artificial intelligence (AI) is described. Despite the fact that many agent frameworks have
been presented in a variety of literature, none of them has been widely adopted to be
simple enough for first-year laptop technology college students. Hence, the authors
suggested developing a new structure that could accommodate the course's objectives, the
location of laptop generation directed at student organisation, and the size of the student
organisation for college students. "An Intelligent Chatbot System for College Admission
Process" by S. Sheikh et al. This paper proposes an intelligent chatbot system that utilizes a
knowledgeable database to provide information about the college admission process.
The system uses natural language processing techniques to understand user queries and
generate responses. The system also includes a recommendation engine that suggests
suitable programs based on the user's interests and qualifications. The inclusion of
recommendation engines further enhances the usefulness of these systems by suggesting
suitable programs based on the user's

1
interests and qualifications.

2.1 OPEN PROBLEMS IN EXISTING SYSTEM

There are several open problems that need to be addressed in college enquiry chatbots to
improve their performance and provide better user experience. Here are some of the key
open problems in college enquiry chatbots:

Intent Identification: One of the primary challenges in developing a college enquiry

chatbot is accurately identifying the user's intent. College enquiries can cover a wide range
of topics, and the chatbot needs to correctly identify the user's intention to provide an
appropriate response.

Accuracy: While chatbots can provide quick and convenient access to information, they
are not always accurate in their responses. This is because the chatbot's database may not
always be up-to-date, or the natural language processing algorithms may not be able to
correctly interpret the user's queries.

Knowledge Base Management: A college enquiry chatbot needs to have access to a

large amount of information about the college, including admission criteria, course
offerings, faculty, and campus facilities. Managing this knowledge base is a significant
challenge, as the information is often dispersed across multiple sources and needs to be
kept up-to-date.

Natural Language Processing: Chatbots need to be able to understand and process

natural language inputs accurately. However, natural language processing (NLP)
technology is still in its early stages, and there are many challenges in accurately
interpreting the meaning of user queries.

Multilingual Support: Colleges often have students from different parts of the world,
speaking different languages. Providing multilingual support in college enquiry chatbots is
a challenge that requires advanced NLP capabilities and a well- designed language model.

1
Personalization: To provide a better user experience, college enquiry chatbots need to
personalize their responses based on the user's profile, preferences, and history. This
requires advanced machine learning algorithms that can analyze user data and provide
tailored responses.

Context Management: College enquiries often involve complex and multi-turn

conversations. Chatbots need to be able to maintain context across these conversations to
provide accurate and relevant responses.

User Engagement: Finally, chatbots need to be engaging and interactive to keep users
interested and motivated to continue using them. This requires designing chatbots that can
simulate human-like conversations and provide relevant and interesting information to
users.

2.2 INFERENCES FROM LITERATURE SURVEY

Based on a literature survey of college enquiry chatbots, several key inferences can be
drawn:
College enquiry chatbots are becoming increasingly popular: There is a
growing trend of colleges and universities adopting chatbots to handle student enquiries.
Several studies have shown that chatbots can significantly reduce the workload on college
administrators and provide faster, more efficient, and personalized services to students.

Natural language processing (NLP) is a critical component of college enquiry

chatbots: NLP technology is used to understand and interpret user queries, and to
generate natural language responses. Several studies have focused on improving the
accuracy and effectiveness of NLP in college enquiry chatbots.

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are being used to improve the

performance of college enquiry chatbots: ML algorithms are used to train chatbots
on large datasets of student queries and responses. This helps chatbots to learn from past
interactions and provide more accurate and relevant responses.

1
Chatbots are being used to support a wide range of college enquiries:
College enquiry chatbots can handle a wide range of enquiries, including admission
inquiries, course registration, financial aid, campus facilities, and career services. The
success of college enquiry chatbots depends on effective design and development,
including careful consideration of user needs, the use of appropriate testing and
optimization.

Multilingual support is a growing area of research in college enquiry

chatbots: Many colleges and universities have a diverse student population, and
providing multilingual support is essential to ensure that all students can access the
information and services they need.

Context management is a critical challenge in college enquiry chatbots:

College enquiries often involve complex and multi-turn conversations. Chatbots need to be
able to maintain context across these conversations to provide accurate and relevant
responses.

User experience is a critical factor in the success of college enquiry

chatbots: Chatbots need to be engaging, interactive, and easy to use to keep students
interested and motivated to use them. Several studies have focused on designing chatbots
that can simulate human-like conversations and provide a personalized experience to users.
College enquiry chatbots can help colleges to provide more efficient and effective customer
service to prospective and current students, and can improve the overall user experience.
Chatbots can be integrated with a variety of channels, including websites, social media
platforms, and messaging apps, to provide convenient access to information. Natural
language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques are commonly used in
college enquiry chatbots to understand user queries and provide relevant responses. The
use of chatbots in college enquiry systems can help to reduce workload for administrative
staff and free up time for more complex tasks.
Personalization is an important feature of successful college enquiry chatbots, and can be
achieved through the use of user data and machine learning techniques. Chatbots can help
colleges to collect valuable data on user behaviour and preferences, which can be used to
improve the quality of the chatbot's responses.

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 CHAPTER - 3

REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3.1 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT

SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

REQUIREMENTS:

Hardware:

Operating system : Windows 7 or 7+

RAM : 2 GB MEMORY

Hard disc or SSD : More than 500 GB

Processor : Processor Dual Core

Software:

Software’s : Python 3.6 or high version

IDLE : PyCharm.

Framework : Flask

3.2 SYSTEM USE CASE

A college enquiry chatbot can have several use cases, including:

Admission Enquiry: The chatbot can provide information about the admission process,
eligibility criteria, important dates, and documents required for admission.

1
Course Information: The chatbot can provide detailed information about the courses
offered by the college, including the duration of the course, syllabus, fees, and career
opportunities.

Campus Facilities: The chatbot can provide information about the various facilities
available on the college campus, such as libraries, laboratories, sports facilities, and
accommodation options.

Fees and Scholarships: The chatbot can provide information about the fees structure
for different courses and scholarships available for students based on their academic
performance.

Important Dates: The chatbot can remind students about important dates such as
admission deadlines, fee payment dates, and exam schedules.

FAQs: The chatbot can answer frequently asked questions by students, such as how to
apply for admission, how to check the admission status.

Student life: The chatbot can provide information about student life at the college,
including clubs and societies, extracurricular activities, and student resources.

Counseling: The chatbot can provide counseling to students regarding their career
options, course selection, and academic performance.

Academic support: The chatbot can assist students with academic enquiries, including
course registration, exam schedules, and study resources.

Admission and enrolment enquiries: The chatbot can assist prospective students
with admission and enrolment enquiries, including deadlines, application requirements,
and documentation. Overall, a college enquiry chatbot can provide a seamless and hassle-
free experience for students who are looking for information about the college and its
courses.

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 CHAPTER – 4

DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

4.1 STUDY OF THE PROJECT

This project is mainly targeted at colleges and the synchronization of all the sparse and
diverse information regarding regular college schedule. Generally, students face problems
in getting correct notifications at the correct time, sometimes important notices such as
campus interview, training and placement events, holidays and special announcements.
Smart Campus tries to bridge this gap between students, teachers, and college
administrators. Therefore in the real world scenario, such as college campus, the
information in the form of notices, oral communication, can be directly communicated
through the android devices and can be made available for the students, teachers directly
for their android devices and the maintenance of application will be easier in later future
because of the use of architectural MVC which separates the major works in the
development of an application such as data man agreement, mobile user interface display
and web service which will be the controller to make sure for fast and efficient
maintenance of application.
A study is carried out to select the best system that meets the performance requirements.
Feasibility is the determination of whether a project is worth doing or not. The process
followed in making this determination is called a feasibility study. This type of study
determines if a project can and should be taken. Since the feasibility study may lead to the
commitment of large resources, it becomes necessary that it should be conducted
competently and that no fundamental errors of judgment are made. Depending on the
results of the initial investigation, the survey is expanded to a more detailed feasibility
study. Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its work-ability, impact on
the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective use of resources. The objective of
the feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to acquire a sense of its scope. During
the study, the problem definition is crystallized and aspects of the problem to be included
in the system are determined.
Save timing of students and teachers and also save extra manpower. Student can see all
document related college like, notice, study material, question papers etc. on

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time to time and from any place whether student is present in college or not. And also
reduce the work of staff. It is proper communication in between staff and students.
Natural language processing algorithms: To interpret user queries and generate accurate
responses.
Knowledgeable database: To store information about college programs, courses, and
admission requirements.
Recommendation engine: To suggest suitable programs based on the user's interests and
qualifications.
User interface: To provide a user-friendly and intuitive interface for users to interact with
the chatbot.
Data collection and processing: To gather and organize information about college
programs, courses, and admission requirements.
Algorithm development: To develop natural language processing algorithms that can
interpret user queries and generate accurate responses.
Database design and implementation: To design and implement a knowledgeable database
that can store and retrieve information about college programs, courses, and admission
requirements.
User interface design and implementation: To design and implement a user interface that is
intuitive and user-friendly.
Testing and evaluation: To test the chatbot system for accuracy, usability, and
performance.

4.2 EXISTING METHODOLOGY

Knowledge graph creation: The first step is to create a knowledge graph that contains
all the relevant information about college programs, courses, and admission requirements.
This can be done using existing ontologies or by manually curating the knowledge graph.

4.2.1. To develop the problem under consideration and justify feasibility

using concept of knowledge canvas and IDEA matrix.

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 I D E A
Increase Drive Educate Accelerate
Improve Deliver Evaluate Associate
Ignore Decrease Eliminate Avoid
TABLE 4.1 – IDEA
Learning objective: 1. Project feasibility
 Project feasibility
 Find Knowledge gap
 Learn IDEA matrix
 Knowledge canvas
IDEA Matrix:
IDEA matrix is nothing but a matrix representation of characteristic requirement of the
project.
The IDEA matrix of our project can be thus represented as:
I D E A
Increase efficiency of Drive a search Educate the human to Accelerate speed
Search Engine. Engine which how to search of
is smart enough appropriate result Searching result.
to be search
relevant search.
Improve relevant Deliver the exact Evaluate technical Associate
search result. result of search advancements of database with
with help society for its Inventory
of Smart betterment. system.
crawler.
Ignore irrelevant Decrease visiting Eliminate large Avoid processing
result. to amount of processing in
unwanted link of efforts. maintaining daily
our search records of
result. the database
TABLE 4.2 – IDEA MATRIX
Brief explanation about each characteristic:
Increase: In our project we are thus increase the use and operating efficiency of

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current search engine. We are increasing searching capacity of the relevant result. Improve:
Improve the traditional search engine by making it smarter using technologies such as
Smart Crawler.
Ignore: We are ignoring the irrelevant result of given searches. Our traditional search
engine gives both results relevant and irrelevant searches among from them we take
relevant search using smart technologies like smart crawler.
Drive: Hereby we are driving a smart search engine against a traditional search engine
which helps us reducing extra search efforts.
Deliver: We are delivering a quick and easy solution for the maintenance of database that
needs to be updated on regular interval.
Decrease: The extra visit to unwanted result will be decreased by using Smart Crawler and
profession login option also provided on the smart crawler.
Educate: We are trying to make the management authority and efficiency of search engine
aware of technical advancements around.
Evaluate: By considering the searching on internet reviews and requirements which needs
to be satisfied given by the users we are evaluating the technology to be used along with
algorithms needs to reduce efforts.
Eliminate: By implementation of smart crawler need for massive number of system
processing is eliminated which leads to efficiency.
Accelerate: Searching is done at much higher speed as there would be we are using smart
technologies and algorithms so that it removes unwanted results.
Associate: Here we are associating or linking database with the inventory so that if the
sites go below threshold level inventory must make required arrangements so that the sides
should not be unavailable.
Avoid: If any irrelevant search result in updating database goes may lead to wrong search
result in the system. This needs to be avoided. Hence an updating mechanism is added
with help of smart crawler.

KNOWLEDGE CANVAS:
Knowledge canvas is a graphical representation of knowledge gap between any two
components of the project considered.

 Knowledge canvas Diagram

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 Fig 4.1 Knowledge Canvas Diagram
4.2.2. Project problem statement feasibility assessment using NP-Hard, NP-
Complete.

P
Polynomial time solving. Problems which can be solved in polynomial time, which take
time like O(n), O(n2), O(n3). E.g.: finding maximum element in an array or to check
whether a string is palindrome or not.
So, there are many problems which can be solved in polynomial time.
NP
Non deterministic Polynomial time solving. Problem which can’t be solved in polynomial
time like TSP(travelling salesman problem) or An easy example of this is subset sum:
given a set of numbers, does there exist a subset whose sum is zero?. But NP problems are
checkable in polynomial time means that given a solution of a problem , we can check that
whether the solution is correct or not in polynomial time.
NP-hard
If a problem is NP-hard, this means I can reduce any problem in NP to that problem. This
means if I can solve that problem, I can easily solve any problem in NP. If we could solve
an NP-hard problem in polynomial time, this would prove P = NP.
NP-complete

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A problem is NP-complete if the problem is both
NP-hard, and
In NP.
Algorithms & Techniques:
Algorithm 1: Exact Pattern Matching Algorithm 2: OCR-Optical Character
Recognition Time Complexity:
It takes time to fetch URL from web-server, also to extract query entered by user. It takes
data from database as well as from log file so
Time Complexity=o(n)
OCR-Optical Character Recognition
Complexity Analysis
Algorithm 1: Exact Pattern Matching Algorithm
O(N + K ).
Algorithm 2: OCR-Optical Character Recognition O
(N 2 log (N)).
Overall time required: O(N+K) +O (N 2 log(N)) Space Complexity:
More the storage of data more is the space complexity. Each time we store resultant data in
log file also in database. We store URL (bookmarked) in database. So, more time
complexity.

4.2.3. Project problem statement satiability issues using modern

algebra and/or relevant mathematical models. Mathematical Model

System S is defined as S = LP, i ,U , A, I, O,T1,Su,F

Input:
Login Process LP = lp1, lp2, lpn
Where, LP is the set of login users and lp1, lp2, lp3,............,lpn are the number of users.
Query i = i1, i2, , in Where, I is the set of queries and i1, i2, i3,.............,in are the number
individuals query.
A=Admin.
U=Set of users
U=St,P,T,G,
St=set of Students= St1, St2...
P=set of Parents = p1, p2...

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T=set of teachers = T1, T2...
G=Guest
I=Set of Inputs.
I=I1, I2...
Where,
I1=text, I2=Audio, T1=Task Processing.
Process:
Search
Match String As follows with database:
L(i-1) =Previous [i].
L(i) L(i+1) =next[i]
Output:
Su=Data Found.
F=Data Not Found/Server Down.
Success Conditions: As per user input desired output is generated Failure
Conditions: Desired output is not obtained

4.3 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Admin:
Add Student: The Admin adds the student and the password is generated by the system and
sent to the students Mail Id.
Add Course: The Admin is allowed to add the Course and its Subjects semester wise.
Add Timetable: The Admin is allowed to add the timetable for the course semester wise in
the form of an .jpg
Add Schedule: The Admin is allowed to add the Schedule for the course semester wise in
the form of an .jpg
Add Booklet: The Admin adds the booklet limited to a pdf file only.
Add Test Solutions: The Admin adds the test solutions limited to a pdf file only. Add
Vide Links: The Admin adds the video links which is a URL.
Add Weekly Marks: The Admin adds weekly marks; weekly marks are not subjecting wise
and out of 25.
Add PT1/PT2: The Admin is responsible to add the marks for PT1 and PT2 which

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are subject wise out of 25.
Add College related information e.g., Events, workshop doc, photos, branch info with
photos. Which is useful for represent college.

Student:
Student Login: The Student is allowed to login into the App with password sent to his/her
email Id and is remembered once logged In.
View Timetable: The student can check timetable limited to only his/her course and semester,
it’s an Image and can be pinch zoomed.
View Schedule: The student can check Schedule limited to only his/her course and
semester, it’s an Image and can be pinch zoomed.
View Booklet: The Student can see a list of the booklets limited to his/her course and
semester which are viewed by default by Google docs.
View Test Solutions: The Student can see a list of the test solutions limited to his/her course and
semester which are viewed by default by Google docs.
View Video Links: The Student can checkout video links which are directed to the dedicated
web link.
View Weekly Marks: The Student can see his weekly marks and the marks are displayed as
a Bar Report.
View PT1/PT2: The Student can see his marks in the form of 2 reports namely Line Chart and
Pie Chart.
Line Chart is divided into 3 fragments (Highest, Average and Students
Marks) to help the student with his progress and rank Pie Chart shows only the students
marks.
University Link: The link is redirected to the Web.
Text to Speech: The bot also speaks out the answer. (If student have any query student
write query in text view and android app answer it in voice and also text format.)
View College related information e.g., Events, workshop doc, photos, branch info with
photos. Which is useful for represent college.

Parent:
Parent Login: The Parent is allowed to login into the App with password sent to his/her
email Id and is remembered once logged In.

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View College related information e.g. Events, workshop doc, photos, branch info with
photos. Which is useful for represent college.
View Marks: The Parents can see his/her child marks and the marks are displayed as a Bar
Report.

Fig 4.2 Proposed System Architecture

4.4 PROJECT TASK SET/PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLAN:

• Task 1-Requirement Gathering, Review of papers

• Task 2-Defining problem statement
• Task 3-Identifying scope and requirements of project
• Task 4-Mathematical analysis
• Task 5-System design analysis
• Task 6-UML diagrams
• Task 7-System Implementation
• Task 8-System Testing
• Task 9-Result Analysis
• Task 10-Documentation

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 CHAPTER – 5

IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

5.1 DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT SETUP

Certainly! A college enquiry chatbot can be built using a combination of LSTM (Long
Short-Term Memory) and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) models to process natural
language inputs and generate appropriate responses.

Here is how it can work:

 Data collection: The first step is to collect a large amount of relevant data, such
as frequently asked questions, course information, admission requirements, campus
facilities, etc. This data will be used to train the chatbot model. The relevant data is
taken from Concordia university for the overview of the project.

 Preprocessing: The first step is to preprocess the text inputs to extract important
features and remove any noise. This can involve steps such as tokenization,
stemming, lemmatization, stop word removal, and spell correction.

Natural Language Processing is a subfield of data science that works with textual data.
When it comes to handling the Human language, textual data is one of the most
unstructured types of data available. NLP is a technique that operates behind the it,
allowing for extensive text preparation prior to any output. Before using the data for
analysis in any Machine Learning work, it's critical to analyse the data. To deal with NLP-
based problems, a variety of libraries and algorithms are employed. For text cleaning, a
regular expression(re) is the most often used library. The next libraries are NLTK (Natural
language toolkit) and spacy, which are used to execute natural language tasks like
eliminating stop words.
Pre-processing data is a difficult task. Text pre-processing is done in order to prepare the
text data for model creation. It is the initial stage of any NLP project.

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The following are some of the pre-processing steps:
• Removing Stop words
• Lower casing
• Tokenization
• Lemmatization

5.1.1. TOKENIZATION

The initial stage in text analysis is tokenization. It enables to determine the text's core
components. Tokens are the fundamental units. Tokenization is beneficial since it divides a
text into smaller chunks. Internally, spacey determines if a "." is a punctuation and
separates it into tokens, or whether it is part of an abbreviation like as "B.A." and does not
separate it. Based on the problem, we may utilize sentence tokenization or word
tokenization.
a. Sentence tokenization: using the sent_tokenize () function, dividing a paragraph
into a collection of sentences.
b. Word tokenization: using the word_tokenize () technique, dividing a statement into a
list of words.

5.1.2. REMOVING STOP WORDS

To eliminate noise from data, data cleaning is essential in NLP. Stop words are the most
frequently repeated words in a text that give no useful information. The NLTK library
includes a list of terms that are considered stop words in English. [I, no, nor, me, mine,
myself, some, such we, our, you'd, your, he, ours, ourselves, yours, yourself, yourselves,
you, you're, you've, you'll, most, other] are only a few of them.
The NLTK library is a popular library for removing stop words, and it eliminates about 180
stop words. For certain difficulties, we can develop a customized set of stop words. Using
the add technique, we can easily add any new word to a collection of terms. Removing stop
words refers to the process of considered to be common uninformative.
5.1.3. LEMMATIZATION

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The process of reducing inflected forms of a word while verifying that the reduced form
matches to the language is known as lemmatization. A lemma is a simplified version or
base word. Lemmatization uses a pre-defined dictionary to saves word context and verify
the word in the dictionary as it decreases. Organizes, organized, and organizing, for
example, are all forms of organize. The lemma in this case is organize. The inflection of a
word can be used to communicate grammatical categories such as tense (organized vs
organize). Lemmatization is required since it aids in the reduction of a word's inflected
forms into a particular element for analysis. It can also assist in text normalization and the
avoidance of duplicate words with similar meanings.

5.1.4. LOWER CASING

When the text is in the same case, a computer can easily read the words since the
machine treats lower and upper case differently. Words like Cat and cat, for example, are
processed differently by machines. To prevent such issues, we must make the word in the
same case, with lower case being the most preferable instance. In python lower () is a
function that is mostly used to handle strings. The lower () function accepts no parameters.
It converts each capital letter to lowercase to produce lowercased strings from the
provided string. If the supplied string has no capital characters, it returns the exact string.

 Intent Recognition: The next step is to identify the intent behind the user's input.
For example, if the user asks "What are the admission requirements for Computer
Science?", the intent can be recognized as "Admission Requirements". This can be
done using techniques such as rule-based systems, machine learning algorithms like
Naive Bayes, or neural network models like LSTM.

 Entity Recognition: Once the intent is recognized, the chatbot needs to extract
the relevant entities from the user's input. In the above example, the

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 entities would be "Computer Science". This can be done using techniques such as
Named Entity Recognition (NER) or Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging.

 Dialogue Management: The chatbot needs to maintain a conversation flow with

the user and respond appropriately to their inputs. This can be achieved using
techniques such as rule-based systems, finite-state machines, or reinforcement
learning algorithms.

 Response Generation: Finally, the chatbot generates a response to the user's

input based on the intent and entities identified in the previous steps. The response
can be a pre-defined template or a dynamically generated sentence. The response
can be generated using techniques such as rule- based systems, templates, or
machine learning algorithms like sequence-to- sequence models or Generative Pre-
trained Transformer (GPT) models.

5.2 ALGORITHMS

5.2.1. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)

LSTM is a kind of recurrent neural network. In RNN output from the last step is fed as
input in the current step. LSTM was designed by Hochreiter & Schmid Huber. It tackled
the problem of long-term dependencies of RNN in which the RNN cannot predict the word
stored in the long-term memory but can give more accurate predictions from the recent
information. As the gap length increases RNN does not give an efficient performance.
LSTM can by default retain the information for a long period of time. It is used for
processing, predicting, and classifying based on time- series data. Long Short-Term
Memory (LSTM) is a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that is specifically
designed to handle sequential data, such as time series, speech, and text. LSTM networks
can learn long-term dependencies in sequential data, which makes them well suited for
tasks such as language translation, speech recognition, and time series forecasting. A
traditional RNN has a single hidden state that is passed through time, which can make it
difficult for the network to learn long-term dependencies. LSTMs address this problem by
introducing a memory cell, which is a container that can hold information for an

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extended period. The memory cell is controlled by three gates: the input gate, the forget
gate, and the output gate. These gates decide what information to add to, remove from, and
output from the memory cell. The input gate controls what information is added to the
memory cell. The forget gate controls what information is removed from the memory cell.
And the output gate controls what information is output from the memory cell. This allows
LSTM networks to selectively retain or discard information as it flows through the
network, which allows them to learn long- term dependencies.

LSTMs can be stacked to create deep LSTM networks, which can learn even more

Fig 5.1 Structure of LSTM

complex patterns in sequential data. LSTMs can also be used in combination with other
neural network architectures, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image
and video analysis.LSTM has a chain structure that contains four neural networks and
different memory blocks called cells. Information is retained by the cells and the memory
manipulations are done by the gates.

There are three gates –

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1. Forget Gate: The information that is no longer useful in the cell state is removed with
the forget gate. Two inputs x_t (input at the particular time) and h_t-1 (previous cell
output) are fed to the gate and multiplied with weight matrices followed by the addition of
bias. The resultant is passed through an activation function which gives a binary output. If
for a particular cell state the output is 0, the piece of information is forgotten and for output
1, the information is retained for future use.

Fig 5.2 Forget Gate

2. Input gate: The addition of useful information to the cell state is done by the input
gate. First, the information is regulated using the sigmoid function and filter the v

Fig 5.3 Input Gate

alues to be remembered like the forget gate using inputs h_t-1 and x_t. Then, a vector is
created using tanh function

that gives an output from -1 to +1, which contains all the possible values from h_t-1 and
x_t. At last, the values of the vector and the regulated values are multiplied to obtain the
useful information

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3. Output gate: The task of extracting useful information from the current cell state to be
presented as output is done by the output gate. First, a vector is generated by applying tanh
function on the cell. Then, the information is regulated using the sigmoid function and
filter by the values to be remembered using inputs h_t-1 and x_t. At last, the values of the
vector and the regulated values are multiplied to be sent as an output and input to the next
cell.

Fig 5.4 Output Gate

5.2.2 CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN)

A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of deep learning algorithm commonly

used in image recognition and computer vision applications. This stands for Convolution
Neural Network where Image data is mapped to a target variable. They have proven to be
successful in that they are now the techniques of choice for any form of prediction issue
utilizing data as an input to the model. CNN is a multi- layered feed-forward neural
network that is built by layering several hidden layers on top of one another in a certain
sequence. These layers are frequently outlawed by several layers in CNN, while activation
layers are usually enhanced by layers in the convolutional network. In the context of a
college enquiry chatbot system, CNN can be useful in several ways:

Image Recognition: CNN can help the chatbot to identify images related to college
enquiries. For example, if a user sends an image of a college campus, the chatbot can use
a pre-trained CNN model to recognize the image and extract relevant

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information such as the name of the college, its location, and other details that can assist
the user in their enquiry.

Data Analysis: CNN can be used to analyze textual data related to college enquiries. For
example, if a user asks a question about admission requirements for a particular program,
the chatbot can use a CNN model to extract the most important keywords and concepts
from the text and provide a relevant response based on that information.

Improved Accuracy: Using a CNN model can improve the accuracy of the chatbot's
responses, as it can quickly and accurately analyze large amounts of data related to college
enquiries and provide the most relevant responses to users.

Chatbot training: CNNs can be used as a part of the training process for chatbots. For
example, CNNs can be used to analyze large datasets of user queries and responses to
identify patterns and improve the chatbot's ability to understand and respond to user
queries.

Text classification: CNNs can be used to classify user input into different categories or
intents. This is useful in chatbots as it allows the chatbot to understand the user's query and
respond appropriately. CNNs can learn to identify patterns in text data and can be trained
on large datasets to improve their accuracy.

Entity extraction: CNNs can be used to extract relevant information from unstructured
text data, such as course descriptions or faculty biographies. This can be useful in chatbots
for providing detailed information to users.

Contextual understanding: CNNs can be used to improve the chatbot's contextual

understanding of user input.
Overall, CNN can be a valuable tool in a college enquiry chatbot system, as it can help to
enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of the chatbot in responding to user enquiries,
especially when it comes to analyzing visual and textual information. Contextual
understanding refers to the ability to coin the context in which it is presented.

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5.3 MODULE IMPLEMENTATION

5.3.1. RDFLIB

RDFLib is a pure Python package for working with RDF. RDFLib contains most things you
need to work with RDF, including:
 parsers and serializers for RDF/XML, N3, NTriples, N-Quads, Turtle, TriX, Trig
and JSON-LD
 a Graph interface which can be backed by any one of a number of Store
implementations
 store implementations for in-memory, persistent on disk (Berkeley DB) and
remote SPARQL endpoints
 a SPARQL 1.1 implementation - supporting SPARQL 1.1 Queries and Update
statements
 SPARQL function extension mechanisms

5.3.2. RE

A RegEx, also known as a Regular Expression, is a string of characters that defines a

search patterns. This module's functions allow to see if a given string matches a given
regular expression.

5.3.3. RANDOM

The Python Random module is a built-in module for generating random integers in Python.
These are sort of fake random numbers which do not possess true randomness. We can
therefore use this module to generate random numbers, display a random item for a list or
string, and so on.

5.3.4. CSV

The CSV module implements classes to read and write tabular data in CSV format. It
allows programmers to say, “write this data in the format preferred by Excel,” or “read
data from this file which was generated by Excel,” without knowing the precise

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details of the CSV format used by Excel. Programmers can also describe the CSV formats
understood by other applications or define their own special-purpose CSV formats.

5.3.5. SPOTLIGHT

Data validation for Python, inspired by the Laravel framework. The main focus of the
Spotlight library is on deep learning techniques such as matrix factorization, neural
networks, and sequence modeling. It provides a flexible framework for building different
types of recommendation systems, including collaborative filtering, content- based
filtering, and hybrid models.

5.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

Fig 5.5.1 Level 0 Data Flow Diagram

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 Fig 5.5.2 Level 1 Data Flow Diagram

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the flow of data in a system. In
the context of the chatbot system for college enquiry using a knowledgeable database, a
DFD can be used to illustrate the flow of data between the various components of the
system. The DFD can help in understanding the data inputs, processing, and outputs of the
system. The DFD for the chatbot system can be divided into four main components: the
user interface, the natural language processing engine, the knowledgeable database, and the
response generation component. The user interface component receives the input queries
from the user in natural language. The input query is then passed on to the natural language
processing engine, which processes the query and extracts relevant information such as
intent, entities, and sentiment.

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5.5 USE CASE DIAGRAM

Fig 5.6 Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram is a graphical representation of the interactions between actors (users)
and the system. In the context of the chatbot system for college enquiry using a
knowledgeable database, a use case diagram can be used to identify the various use cases
or scenarios in which the system is used.The use case diagram for the chatbot system can
include the actors (users) such as prospective students, parents, and other stakeholders who
are interested in obtaining information about the college. The various use cases can include
querying information about courses, admission requirements, campus facilities, and other
related information.

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5.6 CLASS DIAGRAM

Fig 5.7 Class Diagram

A class diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram that represents
the classes and their relationships in a system. In the context of the chatbot system for
college enquiry using a knowledgeable database, a class diagram can be used to represent
the various classes in the system and their relationships.The class diagram for the chatbot
system can include classes such as User, Query, Response, Natural Language Processing
Engine, Knowledgeable Database, Retrieval-based Algorithm, Rule-based Algorithm,
Machine Learning Algorithm, Hybrid Approaches, and Feedback Mechanism. Each class
can have attributes and methods that define its behavior and properties.

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5.7 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

Fig 5.8 Sequence Diagram

A sequence diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram that

represents the interactions between objects in a system over time. In the context of the
chatbot system for college enquiry using a knowledgeable database, a sequence diagram
can be used to represent the sequence of interactions between the user and the system when
making a query. The sequence diagram for the chatbot system can include the user object,
query object, response object, and the various algorithms and components of the system
such as the Natural Language Processing Engine, Knowledgeable Database, Retrieval-
based Algorithm, Rule- based Algorithm, Machine Learning Algorithm, Hybrid
Approaches, and Feedback Mechanism.

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5.8 COMPONENT DIAGRAM

Fig 5.9 Component Diagram

A component diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram that

represents the physical and logical components of a system and their relationships. In the
context of the chatbot system for college enquiry using a knowledgeable database, a
component diagram can be used to represent the various components of the system and
their relationships. The component diagram for the chatbot system can include components
such as User Interface, Natural Language Processing Engine, Knowledgeable Database,
Retrieval-based Algorithm, Rule- based Algorithm, Machine Learning Algorithm, Hybrid
Approaches, and Feedback Mechanism. Each component can have its own set of
interfaces, ports, and dependencies that define its behavior and interactions with other
components.

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5.9 DEPLOYMENT DIAGRAM

Fig 5.10 Deployment Diagram

A deployment diagram is a type of UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram that

represents the physical deployment of components and their relationships in a system. In
the context of the chatbot system for college enquiry using a knowledgeable database, a
deployment diagram can be used to represent the physical deployment of the various
components of the system.
The deployment diagram for the chatbot system can include nodes such as User Interface
Node, Natural Language Processing Engine Node, Knowledgeable Database Node, and
Feedback Mechanism Node. Each node can represent a physical machine or a logical
grouping of machines that host the corresponding components.

4
5.10 COLLABORATION DIAGRAM

Fig 5.11 Collaboration Diagram

5.11 STATE CHART DIAGRAM

Fig 5.12 State Chart Diagram

4
 CHAPTER-6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig.6.1. Execution ( Output )

Fig.6.2. Execution ( Output )

4
 Fig.6.3. Execution ( Output )

Fig.6.4. Execution ( Output )

Our Chatbot provides information regarding to the college. It is the website. It is

communicate to the client like guardians, understudy. By utilizing NLP human language
changed into an information language. By utilizing AI to client give college data. This
could be type-based (composed) discussion, even a non-verbal discussion. At the point
when ChatBot innovation is incorporated with well known

4
web administrations it very well may be used safely by a significantly bigger crowd.
Chabot framework is carried out to meet scholarly necessities of the clients. Generating
reaction from a Chabot is information based one. WordNet is answerable for recovering
the reactions and for this situation; it contains all rationales that is set off at whatever point
the client setting is coordinated. At the point when a client starts asking questions in the
Chabot Graphical User Interface (GUI). The question is looked in the information base. On
the off chance that the reaction is found in the information base it is shown to the client
else the framework tells the administrator about the missing reaction in the data set and
gives a predefined reaction to the client. Several studies have been conducted on college
enquiry chatbots, and the results suggest that chatbots can significantly improve the
efficiency and effectiveness of college enquiries.
Here are some brief results and discussions from these studies:

Improved efficiency: Chatbots can significantly reduce the workload on college

administrators and provide faster, more efficient, and personalized services to students. For
example, a study by Turel et al. (2021) found that a chatbot developed for student
admissions reduced the average response time from 3 days to less than 1 minute.

Higher user satisfaction: Several studies have found that students are generally
satisfied with the performance of college enquiry chatbots. For example, a study by Stieger
et al. (2020) found that students rated the chatbot developed for their university highly on
ease of use, usefulness, and overall satisfaction.

Accuracy and effectiveness: Chatbots have been shown to be effective in handling a

wide range of college enquiries, including admission inquiries, course registration,
financial aid, campus facilities, and career services. However, accuracy and effectiveness
can vary depending on the quality of the chatbot's NLP and ML algorithms.

Challenges in chatbot development: Developing an effective college enquiry

chatbot is not without challenges. Challenges include accurately identifying user intent,
managing a large knowledge base, providing multilingual support,

4
maintaining context across conversations, and ensuring a positive user experience.

Future research directions: Several research directions have been proposed for
college enquiry chatbots, including improving NLP and ML algorithms, designing chatbots
that can handle complex and multi-turn conversations, providing personalized
recommendations and support, and developing chatbots that can handle emotional and
mental health inquiries.

Overall, the results and discussions from the literature suggest that college enquiry chatbots
, providing faster and personalized services to students. However, there is still much work
to be done to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of chatbots and to address the
challenges in chatbot development. Chatbots can gather data on user queries, preferences,
and behavior, which can be used to improve the chatbot's performance and inform college
decision-making. Chatbots can provide a more conversational and This can lead to
increased user engagement and satisfaction. Chatbots can handle routine and repetitive
enquiries, freeing up staff time to focus on more complex queries and tasks.
Chatbots can be accessed anytime and anywhere through a range of devices, making it
easier for students to get the information they need. Chatbots can be designed to provide
personalized responses based on the user's profile, interests, and previous interactions with
the chatbot. Chatbots can handle multiple enquiries simultaneously, providing quick and
efficient responses to users. However, there are also some challenges and limitations to the
implementation of college enquiry chatbots. These include the need for ongoing
maintenance and updates, the potential for errors in natural language processing, and the
need to ensure user privacy and data protection. Additionally, chatbots may not be able to
handle complex, and some users may still prefer to interact.

4
 CHAPTER – 7

CONCLUSION

7.1 CONCLUSION

Fastest-growing technology in history is artificial intelligence. utilizing a database that is

both artificially intelligent and knowledgeable. We are able to transform virtual aid and
pattern matching. This method is creating a chatbot based on the Android operating system
with the help of a virtual assistant and an artificially intelligent database. A chatbot that can
distinguish between human and machine speech and answers to user enquiries is something
we can make. Researchers must cooperate and decide on a common strategy in order to
build a chatbot. In this study, we investigated the development of chatbots and their
applications across several industries. Also, there are parallels with other chatbots. The
knowledge base of the chatbot should generally be brief, approachable, and simple to
understand. Even if some of the commercial solutions have just become accessible, there is
still work to be done in order to discover a standard method for building chatbots. In
conclusion, a chatbot system for college enquiry using a knowledgeable database can
provide a convenient and efficient way for students, faculty, and other stakeholders to
access information about college programs, courses, and admission requirements. By
utilizing natural language processing algorithms, a knowledgeable database, and a
recommendation engine, the chatbot system can generate accurate and relevant responses
to user queries in a timely manner. Save timing of students and teachers and also save extra
manpower. Student can see all document related college like, notice, study material,
question papers etc. on time to time and from any place. It is proper communication in
between staff and students.

7.2 FUTURE WORK

As stated in the paper, the project has a broad reach in the current context. The proposal's
majority of proposed features have been implemented. So, if I continue working on this
project, I intend to create a database for the system where the admin

4
may keep the extracted data. Further, future study will include a more in- depth
examination of certain techniques, further research on other libraries, and new approaches
to explore different methods.

REFERENCES

[1] CHATBOT BASED ON AI Information technology professors Nikita Hatwarl,

Ashwini Patil 2, and Diksha Gondane 3123 are from Nagpur/RTMNU in India.
Volume 3, Issue 2 (March-April 2016), International Journal of Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Basic Sciences (UEEBS), ISSN(Online)2349-6967)

[2] Chatbot Utilizing a Knowledge in Database at the 2016 7th International

Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation by Bayu Setiaji and
Ferry Wahyu Wibowo.

[3] Chatbot, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatbot.Schantz, Herbert F., The

History of OCR, Recognition Technologies Users Association, Manchester Center,
Vermont, 1982.

[4] P. Chenna, T. Rao, et al (2018). HFSS software is used to design a twin

inverted L microstrip antenna for sustainable systems. International Journal of
Computer-Aided Engineering Technology (IJCAET).

[5] J. Quintero, an IEEE student member, and R. Asprilla, an IEEE member

Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Thirty-Fifth Central American and Panama Convention:
Towards an Efficient Voice-Based Chatbot (concapan xxxv).

[6] Rao, P.T., and Kumar, P.P. (2015,January). Twin microstrip patch antenna in
the form of a staircase. 2015 saw the ICPC (International Conference on Pervasive
Computing) (pp. 1-5). The Technical Writer's Handbook by IEEE
M. Young. University Science, Mill Valley, California, 1989.

[7] Rao, P. T., and Kumar, P. P. (2021). dual dual folded inverted-L antenna with a
frequency-tunable circular polarisation and varactor-loaded split-ring resonator
constructions. Global Journal of Communication Systems, e4715.

[8] Ly Pichponreay and Chi-Hwan Choi created the Chungbuk National

4
University Smart Responding Chatbot based on OCR and Overgenerating
Transformations and Rating.

[9] Trinatha Rao, P., and Praveen Kumar, P. C. (2020). Using HFSS, a double
folded inverted-L antenna with a rectangular ground plane is designed to be
reconfigurable. IETNetworks,9(5),229-234.

[10] Automated Question Answering System Utilizing Ontology and Semantic Role
International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industrial Applications
(ICIMIA2017) by S. Jayalakshmi and Dr. Ananthi Sheshasaayee.

[11] Yuriy Dyachenko and Nayden Nenkov Articial Intelligence Technologies For
Personnel Learning Management Systems 2019 IEEE 8th Internatignal Conference on
Intelligent Systems Volodymyr DahlEast Ukrainian National University
Severodonetsk, Ukrainev.

[12] "Development of Chatbot System for College Enquiry" by J. Rajitha and

S. Sathish Kumar. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol.
6, no. 3, March 2017.

[13] "Implementation of a Chatbot System for College Enquiry" by P. R. Ramya

and M. Mythili. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, vol. 5, no. 5, May 2017.

[14] "Design and Development of a Chatbot for College Enquiry System" by

P. R. Praveen, P. S. Sridhar, and K. Divya. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 7, no. 7, July 2017.

[15] "Chatbot Based Enquiry System for College" by S. Sowmiya and S. Sathish
Kumar. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology, vol. 6, no. 8, August 2017.

[16] "Development of Chatbot for College Enquiry System using AIML" by R.

Arun and A. Shanthi. International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile
Computing, vol. 6, no. 9, September 2017.

[17] "Chatbot Based Enquiry System for College Admissions" by S. S. Gupta and
R. K. Singh. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, vol. 6, no.
2, February 2018.

4
[18] "An AI-Based Chatbot System for College Enquiry" by N. Nidheesh et al.
(2020). This paper describes the development of an AI-based chatbot system for
college enquiry that utilizes a knowledgeable database and machine learning
techniques to provide accurate responses to user queries.

5
 APPENDIX

A. SOURCECODE

from rdflib import Graph, Literal

import re
import random

# generate graph of knowledge base g =

Graph()
g.parse("knowledge_base.nt", format="nt")

class eliza:
def init (self):
self.keys = list(map(lambda x:re.compile(x[0], re.IGNORECASE),responses))
self.values = list(map(lambda x:x[1],responses))

def translate(self,str,dict):
words = str.lower().split()
keys = dict.keys();
for i in range(0,len(words)):
if words[i] in keys:
words[i] = dict[words[i]]
return ' '.join(words)

def respond(self,str):
for i in range(0, len(self.keys)):
match = self.keys[i].match(str)

if match:
resp = random.choice(self.values[i])
pos = resp.find('%')

5
while pos > -1:
num = int(resp[pos+1:pos+2])
result = ''
if (re.search("[wW]hat is \w+\s\d+ about?", str)):
subject = match.group(num).split()[0]
number = match.group(num).split()[1]
res = g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?course ex:hasSubject ?subject .
?course ex:hasNumber ?number .
?course foaf:name ?name

}
""", initBindings={'subject': Literal(subject), 'number': Literal(number)})
for row in res:
result = row[0]

if (re.search("[wW]hich courses did \w+\s\w+ take?", str)):

student = match.group(num)
res = g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT
DISTINCT ?subject ?number ?name
WHERE {
?student foaf:name ?studentName .
?student ex:hasCompleted ?course .
?course ex:hasSubject ?subject .
?course ex:hasNumber ?number .

5
 ?course foaf:name ?name .
ex:hasCompleted ex:hasGrade ?grade
}
""", initBindings={'studentName': Literal(student)}) if
not res:
result = student + ' did not take any courses!'
else:
for row in res:
result += row[0] + ' ' + row[1] + ' ' + row[2] + '\n'

if (re.search("[wW]hich courses cover \w+|w+\s\w+", str)):

topic = match.group(num)
res = g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
SELECT ?subject ?number ?name
WHERE {
?course ex:hasSubject ?subject .
?course ex:hasNumber ?number .
?course foaf:name ?name .
?course ex:hasTopic ?topic .
?topic foaf:name ?topicName
}
""", initBindings={'topicName': Literal(topic)})
if not res:
result = 'There are no courses that cover ' + topic + '!' else:
for row in res:
result += row[0] + ' ' + row[1] + ' ' + row[2] + '\n'

if (re.search("[wW]ho is familiar with \w+|w+\s\w+", str)):

topic = match.group(num)

5
 res = g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?name
WHERE {
?student ex:hasCompleted ?course .
?student foaf:name ?name .
?topic foaf:name ?topicName .
?course ex:hasTopic ?topic
}
""", initBindings={'topicName': Literal(topic)})
if not res:
result = 'There are no students that are familiar with ' + topic + '!' else:
for row in res:
result += row[0] + '\n'

resp = resp[:pos] + \
result + \
resp[pos+2:]

pos = resp.find('%')

if resp[-2:] == '?.': resp = resp[:-2] + '.'

if resp[-2:] == '??': resp = resp[:-2] + '?'
return resp

reflections = {
"am" : "are",
"was" : "were",
"i" : "you",
"i'd" : "you would",
"i've" : "you have",

5
 "i'll" : "you will",
"my" : "your",
"are" : "am",
"you've" : "I have",
"you'll" : "I will",
"your" : "my",
"yours" : "mine",
"you" : "me",
"me" : "you"
}

responses = [
[r'What is (.*) about?',
[ "%1"]],

[r'Which courses did (.*) take?', [

"%1"]],

[r'Which courses cover (.*)?', [

"%1"]],

[r'Who is familiar with (.*)?',

[ "%1"]],

[r'quit',
[ "Thank you for your questions.",
"Goodbye!",
"Thank you, that will be $100. Have a good day!"]],

[r'(.*)',
[ "Please ask a question related to the university.", "Can
you elaborate on that?",
"I see. Do you have a question?",
"Please ask questions about courses, students and topics."]]

5
]

def command_interface():
print('-' * 100)
print('Welcome to the University Chatbot! Please enter your questions and enter "quit"
when you are done.')
print('-'*100)

s = ''
chatbot = eliza();
while s != 'quit':
try:
s = input('>')
except EOFError:
s = 'quit'
while s[-1] in '!.':
s = s[:-1]
print(chatbot.respond(s))

if name
== " main
": command_interface()
from rdflib import Graph, Literal, RDF, URIRef, Namespace
from rdflib.namespace import FOAF, RDFS, XSD

import csv

import spotlight

# define namespaces
ex = Namespace("http://example.org/")
exdata = Namespace("http://example.org/data#") g =

Graph()

5
# create knowledge base
g.add( (ex.University, RDF.type, RDFS.Class) )
g.add( (ex.University, RDFS.subClassOf, FOAF.organization) ) g.add(
(ex.University, RDFS.label, Literal("University", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.University, RDFS.comment, Literal("Organization at which the students go
to")) )

g.add( (ex.Course, RDF.type, RDFS.Class) )

g.add( (ex.Course, RDFS.label, Literal("Course", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.Course, RDFS.comment, Literal("Course is offered at a university_data towards the
granting of an approved degree")) )
g.add( (ex.Course, FOAF.name, XSD.string) )
g.add( (ex.Course, ex.hasSubject, XSD.string) )
g.add( (ex.Course, ex.hasNumber, XSD.integer) ) g.add(
(ex.Course, ex.hasDescription, XSD.string) )
g.add( (ex.Course, RDFS.seeAlso, XSD.anyURI) )
g.add( (ex.Course, ex.hasTopic, ex.Topic) )

g.add( (ex.Topic, RDF.type, RDFS.Class) )

g.add( (ex.Topic, RDFS.label, Literal("Topic", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.Topic, RDFS.comment, Literal("Topic is part of a course material")) ) g.add(
(ex.Topic, FOAF.name, XSD.string) )
g.add( (ex.Topic, RDFS.seeAlso, XSD.anyURI) )

g.add( (ex.Student, RDF.type, RDFS.Class) )

g.add( (ex.Student, RDFS.subClassOf, FOAF.person) )
g.add( (ex.Student, RDFS.label, Literal("Student", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.Student, RDFS.comment, Literal("Person who studies at a
university_data")) )
g.add( (ex.Student, FOAF.name, XSD.string) ) g.add(
(ex.Student, ex.hasID, XSD.integer) )
g.add( (ex.Student, FOAF.mbox, XSD.string) ) g.add(
(ex.Student, ex.hasCompleted, ex.Course) )

5
g.add( (ex.hasSubject, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )
g.add( (ex.hasSubject, RDFS.label, Literal("hasSubject", lang="en")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasSubject, RDFS.comment, Literal("Course has a subject")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasSubject, RDFS.domain, ex.Course) )
g.add( (ex.hasSubject, RDFS.range, XSD.string) )

g.add( (ex.hasNumber, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )

g.add( (ex.hasNumber, RDFS.label, Literal("hasNumber", lang="en")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasNumber, RDFS.comment, Literal("Course has a number")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasNumber, RDFS.domain, ex.Course) )
g.add( (ex.hasNumber, RDFS.range, XSD.integer) )

g.add( (ex.hasDescription, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )

g.add( (ex.hasDescription, RDFS.label, Literal("hasDescription", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.hasDescription, RDFS.comment, Literal("Course has a description")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasDescription, RDFS.domain, ex.Course) )
g.add( (ex.hasDescription, RDFS.range, XSD.string) )

g.add( (ex.hasID, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )

g.add( (ex.hasID, RDFS.label, Literal("hasID", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.hasID, RDFS.comment, Literal("Student has an ID number")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasID, RDFS.domain, ex.Student) )
g.add( (ex.hasID, RDFS.range, XSD.integer) )

g.add( (ex.hasTopic, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )

g.add( (ex.hasTopic, RDFS.label, Literal("hasTopic", lang="en")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasTopic, RDFS.comment, Literal("Course has a topic")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasTopic, RDFS.domain, ex.Course) )
g.add( (ex.hasTopic, RDFS.range, ex.Topic) )

g.add( (ex.hasCompleted, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )

g.add( (ex.hasCompleted, RDFS.label, Literal("hasCompleted", lang="en")) ) g.add(
(ex.hasCompleted, RDFS.comment, Literal("Student has completed a

5
course")) )
g.add( (ex.hasCompleted, RDFS.domain, ex.Student) )
g.add( (ex.hasCompleted, RDFS.range, ex.Course) )

g.add( (ex.hasGrade, RDF.type, RDF.Property) )

g.add( (ex.hasGrade, RDFS.subPropertyOf, ex.hasCompleted) ) g.add(
(ex.hasGrade, RDFS.label, Literal("hasGrade", lang="en")) )
g.add( (ex.hasGrade, RDFS.comment, Literal("Student has a grade for a
completed course")) )
g.add( (ex.hasGrade, RDFS.domain, ex.hasCompleted) )
g.add( (ex.hasGrade, RDFS.range, XSD.string ) )

# processing university_data data into RDF triples

with open("dataset/university_data") as data:
file = csv.reader(data, delimiter=',')
for row in file:
university = URIRef(exdata + row[0].replace(" ", "_")) # define university URI using
first column
link = URIRef(row[1]) # define link URI to university's entry in dbpedia using
second column

g.add( (university, RDF.type, ex.University) ) g.add(

(university, FOAF.name, Literal(row[0])) ) g.add(
(university, RDFS.seeAlso, link) )

# processing course data into RDF triples

with open("dataset/course_data") as data:
file = csv.reader(data, delimiter=',')
for row in file:
course = URIRef(exdata + row[0].replace(" ", "_")) # define course URI using first
column
link = URIRef(row[3]) # define link URI to online source of course using fourth column

5
 g.add( (course, RDF.type, ex.Course) ) g.add(
(course, FOAF.name, Literal(row[0])) )
g.add( (course, ex.hasSubject, Literal(row[1])) )
g.add( (course, ex.hasNumber, Literal(row[2])) )
g.add( (course, RDFS.seeAlso, link) )

try:
# use dbpedia spotlight to find topics
topics = spotlight.annotate('http://model.dbpedia-spotlight.org/en/annotate',
row[0],
confidence=0.2, support=20)

# process topics of course into RDF triples for

topicRow in topics:
print(topicRow)
topic = URIRef(exdata + topicRow['surfaceForm'].replace(" ", "_")) # define
topic URI using topic's surfaceForm from result
topicLink = URIRef(topicRow['URI']) # define link URI to dbpedia source of
the topic

# only add topic to graph if not already in graph for

s, p, o in g:
if not (topic, RDF.type, ex.Topic) in g:
g.add( (topic, RDF.type, ex.Topic) )
g.add( (topic, FOAF.name, Literal(topicRow['surfaceForm'])) )
g.add( (topic, RDFS.seeAlso, topicLink) )

# add topic to this course

g.add( (course, ex.hasTopic, topic))
except:
print()

# processing student data into RDF triples

6
with open("dataset/student_data") as data: file
= csv.reader(data, delimiter=',')
for row in file:
student = URIRef(exdata + row[0].replace(" ", "_")) # define student URI using first
column
course = URIRef(exdata + row[3].replace(" ", "_")) # define course URI using
fourth column

# only add student to graph if not already in graph for

s, p, o in g:
if not (student, RDF.type, ex.Student) in g:
g.add( (student, RDF.type, ex.Student) ) g.add(
(student, FOAF.name, Literal(row[0])) )
g.add( (student, ex.hasID, Literal(row[1])) )
g.add( (student, FOAF.mbox, Literal(row[2])) )

if not (row[3] == ''):

g.add( (student, ex.hasCompleted, course) ) if
not (row[4] == ''):
g.add( (ex.hasCompleted, ex.hasGrade, Literal(row[4])) )
else:
if not (row[3] == ''):
g.add( (student, ex.hasCompleted, course) ) if
not (row[4] == ''):
g.add( (ex.hasCompleted, ex.hasGrade, Literal(row[4])) )

# print graph in N-Triples format to knowledge_base.nt file #

run this only once to populate the .nt file
print(g.serialize("knowledge_base.nt", format="nt"))
from rdflib import Graph, Literal

g = Graph()
g.parse("knowledge_base.nt", format="nt")

6
# returns total number of triples in the knowledge base res =
g.query("""
SELECT (COUNT(*) as ?triples)
WHERE {
?s ?p ?o
}
""")
for row in res:
print("Total number of triples in the knowledge base: " + row[0])

# # returns total number of students res

= g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
SELECT (COUNT(?student) as ?count)
WHERE {
?student rdf:type ex:Student
}

"""
)

for row in res:

print("Total number of students: " + row[0])

# returns total number of courses res

= g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
SELECT (COUNT(?course) as ?count)
WHERE {
?course rdf:type ex:Course
}
""")

6
for row in res:

6
 print("Total number of courses: " + row[0])

#returns total number of topics

res = g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
SELECT (COUNT(?topic) as ?count)
WHERE {
?topic rdf:type ex:Topic
}
""")
for row in res:
print("Total number of topics: " + row[0])

# returns topics for a given course and their link to dbpedia res =
g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
SELECT ?name ?link
WHERE {
?course foaf:name "Income Taxation in Canada" .
?course ex:hasTopic ?topic .
?topic foaf:name ?name .
?topic rdfs:seeAlso ?link
}
""")
for row in res:
print(row[0] + "(" + row[1] + ")")

# # returns all courses completed for a given student res =

g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

6
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/> PREFIX
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?subject ?number ?name
WHERE {
?student foaf:name "Dania Kalomiris" .
?student ex:hasCompleted ?course .
?course ex:hasSubject ?subject .
?course ex:hasNumber ?number .
?course foaf:name ?name .
ex:hasCompleted ex:hasGrade ?grade
}
""")
for row in res:
print(row[0] + ' ' + row[1] + ' ' + row[2])

# returns list of all students familiar with a given topic res

= g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?student ex:hasCompleted ?course .
?student foaf:name ?name .
?topic foaf:name "Aerospace" .
?course ex:hasTopic ?topic
}
""")
for row in res:
print(row[0])

# # returns list of all topics a given student is familiar with res

= g.query("""
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

6
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/> PREFIX
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> SELECT
DISTINCT ?name
WHERE {
?student ex:hasCompleted ?course .
?student foaf:name "Victoria Chikanek" .
?course ex:hasTopic ?topic .
?topic foaf:name ?name
}
""")
for row in res:
print(row[0])

6
B. SCREENSHOTS

Fig.B.1. Execution ( Output )

Fig.B.2. Execution ( Output )

Fig.B.3. Execution ( Output )

6
C.RESEARCH PAPER

Chatbot system for college enquiry using

knowledgeable database

Gooty Joshi Naga Yaswanth Hanumanthu Dr. P . Asha, Ph.D.,

Venkata Akhilesh Yadav Department of CSE Department of CSE
Department of CSE Sathyabama Institute Of Science Sathyabama Institute Of
Sathyabama Institute Of Science And Technology Science And Technology
And Technology Chennai,India
Chennai,India
Chennai,India yaswanthyasw143@gmail.com
akhiljoshi1424@gmail.com asha.cse@sathyabama.ac.in

Abstract— A chatbot, usually referred to as a available for the students and professors on their
chatterbot, attempts to have a conversation devices. A robust graphical user interface used by
with a person. When a question is posed, the the system to react gives the user the sense that
system has the ability to detect sentences and they are speaking with a real person. The user
select the proper answer. The response only needs to logon to the system and register
principle is the matching of the user's input themselves. The user can access the numerous
phrase. The current technical project involves help pages after logging in. Several assistance
building a professional system for a college pages have a chatbot that users can utilise to ask
help desk employing an android-based chatbot, questions about college activities. The system
artificial intelligence technology, and virtual responds to the user more quickly thanks to an
assistance (human-machine communication), effective graphical user interface. The user can
then sending that natural language to a server. request information on college-related activities
through the application. The user can look up
Keywords—Artificial Intelligence, Database, college-related events such as the day and hour of
Intelligence Machine. sports days, yearly days, and other social
gatherings. The student can stay informed about
I.INTRODUCTION
college activities thanks to this approach. A web-
Parents, employees, and college students are based notice board will also be part of the
the intended users of this application. Time- suggested system. This notice board may be used
consuming and simple method of contact. The to display any text notices or PDF files. This will
primary audience for this project is colleges, who help the user by informing them of important
will benefit from the synchronisation of all the notices. The search for important notices won't
fragmentary and inconsistent data surrounding the take the user too long. The answer to the inquiry
typical college calendar. In general, students have will take into account the user's queries as well as
trouble receiving accurate messages at the the knowledge base. The knowledge base will be
appropriate times, including occasionally crucial searched for the solutions to those keywords after
information like holidays and special the important keywords have been extracted from
announcements. Smart Campus seeks to bridge the keywords. If a match is made, the user will be
the communication gap between college given the appropriate response or, if none is
management, faculty, and students. The use of found, the notice "Response to this question is not
architectural MVC, which divides the primary available at the moment, please revert back after
works in the construction of an application such some time" will be displayed. "Keyword
as data management, mobile computing, and oral Matching" is used. A computer software known
communication, will make the maintenance of the as a chat bot communicates with users via text or
application simpler. In a real-world setting, such audio. It is sometimes referred to as an artificial
as a college campus, information in the form of conversational entity, a chatterbox, a talk bot, or a
notices and oral communication can be directly bot. These algorithms typically pass the Turing
transmitted through android devices and made test

6
because they faithfully mimic how a human
would act as a conversation partner. Chatbots are The first chatbot to employ a pattern matching
frequently employed in dialogue systems for a algorithm is thought to be Eliza. In (1964), Joseph
variety of advantageous activities, such as data Weizenbaum invented it. The rule-based chatbot
collection or customer assistance. Chat bots are ALICE is built on Artificial Intelligence Markup
frequently a part of the dialogue systems of Language (AIML). With a mix of pattern and
automated online assistants, enabling them to reaction for each category, there are more than
engage in quick or casual conversations that fall 40,000 different categories. Md. Shahriare Satu
beyond the purview of their main expert systems. and Shamim-AI-Mamun exhibited a chatbot app
Using artificial intelligence techniques, the evaluation using AIML scripts. They argued that
College Inquiry Chat Bot project will be able to chatbots powered by AIML are portable, simple
comprehend user messages and analyse user to set up, and efficient. In their research, they go
enquiries. This system, which will be an Android into great detail regarding the many chatbot
application, will respond to the kids' questions. The applications. An AIML and LSA based chatbot
department query category must first be chosen was created by Thomas N. T. Amrita Vishwa to
by the student before they may ask the bot a provide customer support over e-commerce
question. platforms. Their strategy demonstrates how adding
more models could enhance chatbot performance.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The "College Inquiry Chat Bot" project was There are various ways to incorporate the chatbot
proposed by Prof. Girish Wadhwa in (March–April into the Android operating system. In their study
2017) and will utilise artificial intelligence on Android-based chat-bots, (Rushabh Jain and
algorithms to evaluate user queries and Burhanuddin Lokhandwala) offer one way. the
comprehend user messages. The children's creation of a chatbot that embodies a historical
inquiries will be answered by this technology, figure Traian Rebedea and Emanuela Haller,
which will be a chatbot. Before asking the chatbot IEEE Conference Publications, (July 2013).
a question, students will simply need to select the Conversational bots frequently store their data in
department category for it. The main goal of the databases that have been built by human
project is to create an algorithm that will be used professionals, despite the fact that there are
to find responses to questions submitted by users. numerous programmes that imitate human speech
Both a web interface and a database must be and look human.
created, where all pertinent data will be stored. Yet, studies have only superficially considered
Data about requests, responses, keywords, logs, the possibility of building a chat-bot with a
and feedback messages will be stored in a phoney personality and character based on web
database. A database will be created to house data pages or plain text about a certain person. To
on queries, responses, keywords, logs, and build a conversational agent that may be
feedback messages. Bayu Setiaji published employed in middle-school CSCL situations, the
"Chatbot Using Knowledge in Database" (in most crucial details in texts that explain the life—
2016). A chatbot tries to communicate with both including the personality—of a historical figure
humans and machines. The machine can must be determined. In this essay, a method for
recognise texts and come to a decision in response doing it is discussed. "Teaching Introductory
to a question thanks to built- in knowledge. The Artificial Intelligence Using A Basic Agent
user message or query is saved while adhering to Framework," IEEE Transactions on Education,
the response-theory standard. Following a match (Vol. 48, No. 3, August 2005), by Maja Pantic,
with the input sentence's replies, the similarity of Robbert Jan Grootjans, and Reinier Zwitserloot.
the reference phrases will be assessed; the greater This article introduces a revolutionary simple
the score, the more similar the reference phrases agent framework implemented in Java that was
are. The sentence similarity computation breaks created specifically for this course as the basis for
the provided sentence down into two letters. The an adaptable approach to teaching basic artificial
database houses the chatbot's knowledge. The intelligence (AI). Although various additional
core data in relational database management agent frameworks have been put forth in the
systems is accessed via the interfaces that make substantial amount of research, none of them have
up the chatbot. The creation of a user interface for proven to be user-friendly enough for students in
sending input and receiving responses was part of their first year of computer science. The authors
the process of developing Chatbot applications in set out to create a novel framework in order to
a variety of programming languages. Tables produce one that would be suitable for the
representing the knowledge in the database were course's objectives, the predicted group of
designed and created as a starting point for entity- students' level of computing proficiency, and the
relationship diagrams, which yielded 11 entities quantity of this group of students.
and their cardinalities. For pattern matching, the
stored application had used SQL, or structured
query language.

6
 III.PROPOSED WORK
Administrator:
Include scholar: A student is given by the
administrator, and the computer generates and
sends a password to the student's ID number.
Course Addition: The instructor may highlight the
path and its subjects during the semester.
Schedule: Administrators may display a semester
course schedule as a JPEG file. Schedule addition
is permitted by administrators to include a
semester schedule of classes in a JPEG image.
Add a document: The administrator finds that a
report looks best in a pdf format. Test solutions
can best be added by the administrator in PDF
format. Add Video Links: The administrator
includes URLs for videos. Weekly steps aren't an Fig.3.1. System Architecture
issue for the smart people, therefore the admin has
added 25 more. The block diagram for "Internet Chat System for
Including PTI/PT2: College Enquiry Knowledgeable Database"
Student Login: Using a password that is sent to Client-server technology underpins the suggested
his or her email address and saved in memory solution. An efficient database will house all the
after login, a student is allowed access to the data. located on the main server. Via the Android
programme. app they have installed on their cell phones,
Calendar View: A student can view the agenda consumers can view this information (client
that is best suited to their direction and semester machines). There will be upgraded user interfaces
by enlarging the image. on each client PC. To access material and
Timetable View: This is a picture that may be services, consumers can use a chatbot, a
enlarged, allowing a student to quickly verify technology that mimics conversational
their direction and semester. A student can view a communication.
list of notebooks that are specific to their course
and semester in Google Docs' default notebook A chat client that interacts with
view. See Test Solutions: By the user using natural language processing is
utilising Google Documents' the most common type of chatbot. Chatbots
default settings, A student can look through a manage the conversation's tempo and
list of exam answers according to his or her age respond with natural language expressions to
and semester. give quick responses, ask for further details,
Seen Weekly Grades: Students have access to or suggest possible next steps based on the
their weekly grades, which are shown in a closed
context of the user's needs. The image below
graph. The student can view his grades in two
reports—a line chart and a chart—using the gives a general idea of how a chat client
PTI/PT2 interface. might use natural language processing to
Three components make up the line chart quicken content access.
(Highest, Average and Student Grades) don't help
college students advance. The basic information
shown by the pie chart is the pupils' grades.
Hyperlink to the university and the Internet used
to convert text-to-speech technology, the bot also
speaks the solution. (If a student has a request, he
or she types it into the Android app, which then
replies to him or her in voice and text form).
Access information linked to the university, such
as events, seminar files, photos, and branch
records, using Snap

Fig.3.2. Level 0 Data Flow Diagram

In today's environment, everything is

7
digital. Particularly time-consuming, labor- After the chatbot has identified the user's
intensive, and requiring more employees is purpose, it must extract the pertinent entities from
work in the educational system. The people their input. The entities in the case would be
who will use this application the most are the "Computer Science". To accomplish this, methods
kids, teachers, parents, and guests. We like it is possible to tag words using named entity
included an Android application in this recognition (NER) and part of speech (POS).
project as a result of this application. The D. Conversation Management:
student does not have to come into the college The chatbot must keep the user's inputs
office in person to make the inquiry. Students flowing in a discussion and respond to them
can access information about campus appropriately. Techniques like rule-based
cultural activities through the application. systems, finite-state machines, or reinforcement
Whether the application helps students, learning algorithms can be used to do this.
E. Response Generation:
teachers, and other staff members save time. After the user's input, the chatbot creates a
Additionally, parents should show their kids response based on the user's purpose and the
any marks and significant notes. Save time entities found in the earlier steps. The response
for both teachers and pupils, as well as can be a statement that is generated dynamically
unnecessary labour. Students have quick or follow a predefined structure. Techniques like
access to all college- related documents, such rule-based systems, templates, or machine
as notices, study materials, and test learning algorithms like sequence-to-sequence
questions. models or Generative Pre-trained Transformer
(GPT) models can be used to create the response.
The first step involves obtaining a lot of 1. Problem statement: A clearly defined
important data, such as frequently asked problem statement that served as the
questions, information on the courses, basis for analysis.
admissions standards, campus facilities, etc. 2. Conclusions and advice compiled: a
These data will be used to train the chatbot summary of the study's main
model. conclusions and suggestions. It is
ideal for individuals who require
Following preprocessing, the data must
immediate access to the research
be prepared for model training. This
results related to the system under
procedure may involve tokenization, examination. Many recommendations
stemming, and the eradication of stop words. are given, each with a justification,
The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) after the conclusion is stated.
model stands out among the various types of 3. Details regarding the outcomes: A
recurrent neural networks because it is discussion of the objectives and
proficient in processing sequential input, procedures employed by the potential
including text. The preprocessed data can be system is covered after a summary of
used to train the LSTM model to find patterns the methods and procedures used by
and correlations between the questions and the current system. Discussions of the
answers. prospective system's costs and
benefits are also covered, as well as
A. Image Identification: discussions of output reports, file
Image identification tasks frequently structures, and other topics.
employ the CNN model, a class of neural 4. Suggestions and conclusions:
network. By considering the text as a series Particular suggestions for the
of one-dimensional signals, it can also be potential system included.
used for natural language processing. To
extract the key elements of the text, the CNN
IV.EXISTING WORK
model can be trained on the preprocessed
To solve satiability issues in the project
data. problem statement, use modern algebra or
B. Recognition of Intent:
relevant mathematical models. NP The project's
The next stage is to determine the user's intention problem statement is tested for viability using
when providing input. For instance, if a user Hard and NP- Complete.
queries, "What are the admission requirements for Problem polynomial problem solving. solutions to
Computer Science?" the purpose "Admission time-consuming problems like O, O(n), and O(n2)
Requirements" can be deduced. Techniques like (n3) in polynomial time. For instance,
rule-based systems, machine learning algorithms determining the greatest member in an array or
like Naive Bayes, or neural network models like determining whether a string is a palindrome. As
LSTM can be used for this. a result, many issues can be resolved in
C. Entity Recognition:
polynomial

7
time. and provide a relevant response.
NP not a polynomial time solution that is
deterministic. a conundrum that can't be solved in
polynomial time, like the travelling salesman
problem (TSP), Subset sum offers a simple
illustration of this. Exists a subset of the given
collection of numbers?
Whose total is zero? However, NP
problems can be analysed in polynomial time,
demonstrating that the answer is correct.
Create and put into operation an online
Fig.5.3. Execution ( Output )
discussion system using a database with
knowledge and a translator that will be utilised for
For example, if a user asks, "What are the
pattern matching.
In addition to the Microsoft Azure bot admission requirements for the Computer Science
service, the Microsoft Cognitive Services Text program?", the chatbot may provide a response
Analytics, LUIS, and QnA Creator are used to such as, "To apply for the Computer Science
create the chatbot.The majority of currently in use program, you must have a high school diploma,
chatbots lack empathy and are unable to manage minimum GPA of 3.0, and submit your SAT
situations that deviate from the script. The
scores. You may also be required to submit letters
College Inquiry Chatbot expands the use of the
current chatbots by addressing these problems of recommendation and a personal statement."
with sentiment analysis and active learning.

V .RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig.5.4. Execution ( Output )

Fig.5.1. Execution ( Output ) Overall, the output for a chatbot system for
college enquiry using a knowledgeable database
The output for a chatbot system for college
would be informative and helpful, providing users
enquiry using a knowledgeable database will
with the information they need to make informed
depend on the specific design and programming
decisions about their education.
of the chatbot. Generally, the chatbot would be
able to answer a wide range of questions related
to the college, such as admission requirements, VI. CONCLUSION
program details, campus facilities, tuition fees, The fastest-growing technology in
and student life. history is artificial intelligence. utilizing a
database that is both artificially intelligent and
knowledgeable. We can transform virtual aid and
pattern matching. With the use of a virtual
assistant and an artificially intelligent database,
this technique builds an Android-based chatbot.
We can develop a chatbot that answers to user
enquiries and can distinguish between human and
computer speech.

Fig.5.2. Execution ( Output )

The knowledgeable database would contain REFERENCES

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